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Xu P, Liu B, Chen H, Wang H, Guo X, Yuan J. PAHs as environmental pollutants and their neurotoxic effects. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109975. [PMID: 38972621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are widely present in incompletely combusted air particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), tobacco and other organic materials, can enter the human body through various routes and are a class of environmental pollutants with neurotoxic effects. PAHs exposure can lead to abnormal development of the nervous system and neurobehavioral abnormalities in animals, including adverse effects on the nervous system of children and adults, such as a reduced learning ability, intellectual decline, and neural tube defects. After PAHs enter cells of the nervous system, they eventually lead to nervous system damage through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, DNA methylation and demethylation, and mitochondrial autophagy, potentially leading to a series of nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, preventing and treating neurological diseases caused by PAHs exposure are particularly important. From the perspective of the in vitro and in vivo effects of PAHs exposure, as well as its effects on human neurodevelopment, this paper reviews the toxic mechanisms of action of PAHs and the corresponding prevention and treatment methods to provide a relevant theoretical basis for preventing the neurotoxicity caused by PAHs, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases related to the nervous system and protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bingchun Liu
- Stem Cell Laboratory / Central Laboratory Of Organ Transplantation / Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Laboratory For Genetic Test And Research Of Tumor Cells, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huizeng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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Tavoosidana G, Abdolhosseini M, Mazaheri Y, Basaran B, Shavali-Gilani P, Sadighara P. The carcinogenic PAHs in breads, amount, analytical method and mitigation strategy, a systematic review study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1538. [PMID: 38849795 PMCID: PMC11157925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bread is one of the most consumed foods all over the world. Several contaminants are identified in bread. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of these contaminants. This systematic study evaluates the amount of four carcinogenic PAHs (PAH4) in various types of breads. To conduct this study, a comprehensive search was carried out using keywords of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, PAH4, and bread, with no time limitations. 17 articles were selected and fully evaluated. The observed range of PAH4 concentrations in bread varied from non-detected (ND) to 20.66 µg/kg. In the sample preparation process for analysis, an ultrasonic bath was predominantly utilized. Most chromatographic methods are able to measure PAHs in food, but the GC-MS method has been used more. To mitigate PAH levels in bread, it is suggested to incorporate antioxidants during the bread-making process. Furthermore, the type of bread, the type of fuel used to bake the bread, the temperature and the cooking time were some of the factors affecting the amount of PAH. Restricting these factors could significantly reduce PAH content. Regarding the risk assessment conducted in the manuscript, it was determined that industrial breads are usually considered safe. However, some traditional breads may pose risks in terms of their potential PAH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Molecular Medicine Department, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoreh Abdolhosseini
- Molecular Medicine Department, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Mazaheri
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Burhan Basaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53100, Turkey
| | - Parisa Shavali-Gilani
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sahota JS, Guleria K, Sambyal V. XRCC1 Polymorphisms p.Arg194Trp, p.Arg280His, and p.Arg399Gln, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Infertility: A Case-Control and In Silico Study. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10743-3. [PMID: 38514504 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
XRCC1 is involved in repair of single-strand breaks generated by mutagenic exposure. Polymorphisms within XRCC1 affect its ability to efficiently repair DNA damage. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs are genotoxic compounds which form bulky DNA adducts that are linked with infertility. Few reports suggest combined role of XRCC1 polymorphisms and PAHs in infertility. Present study investigates association of three XRCC1 polymorphisms (p.Arg194Trp, p.Arg280His, p.Arg399Gln) with male and female infertility in a North-West Indian population using case-control approach. Additionally, in silico approach has been used to predict whether XRCC1 polymorphisms effect interaction of XRCC1 with different PAHs. For case-control study, XRCC1 polymorphisms were screened in peripheral blood samples of age- and gender-matched 201 infertile cases (♂-100, ♀-101) and 201 fertile controls (♂-100, ♀-101) using PCR-RFLP method. For in silico study, AutoDock v4.2.6 was used for molecular docking of B[a]P, BPDE-I, ( ±)-anti-BPDE, DB[a,l]P, 1-N, 2-N, 1-OHP, 2-OHF with XRCC1 and assess effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms on their interaction. In case-control study, statistical analysis showed association of XRCC1 p.Arg280His GA genotype (p = 0.027), A allele (p = 0.019) with reduced risk of male infertility. XRCC1 p.Arg399Gln AA genotype (p = 0.021), A allele (p = 0.014) were associated with reduced risk for female primary infertility. XRCC1 p.Arg194Trp T allele was associated with increased risk for female infertility (p = 0.035). In silico analysis showed XRCC1-PAH interaction with non-significant effect of XRCC1 polymorphisms on predicted binding. Therefore, present study concludes that XRCC1 polymorphism-modified risk for male and female infertility in North-West Indians without significant effect on predicted XRCC1-PAH interactions. This is the first report on XRCC1 in female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh Sahota
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Sadeghi A, Khazaeel K, Tabandeh MR, Nejaddehbashi F, Givi ME. Prenatal exposure to crude oil vapor reduces differentiation potential of rat fetal mesenchymal stem cells by regulating ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways: Protective effect of quercetin. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108440. [PMID: 37467934 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been indicated that crude oil vapor (COV) induces tissue damage by several molecular mechanisms. Quercetin (QT) as an important component of food with antioxidant properties has a protective role against cell toxicity caused by many pollutants. However, data related to the adverse effects of crude oil vapor (COV) on stem cell fate and differentiation and the role of quercetin (QT) in protecting stem cells against the toxicity caused by these pollutants is very limited. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of QT against the adverse effects of COV on fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) differentiation. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were categorized into 4 groups including the control, COV, COV+QT, and QT. Rats were exposed to COV from gestational day (GD) 0-15 and received QT by gavage. The fMSCs were isolated from fetuses, and cell proliferation, differentiation potential, expression of osteogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes, and phosphorylation of PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling proteins were evaluated. The results showed that COV reduced the proliferation and differentiation of fMSCs through the activation of PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Also, COV significantly decreased the expression of osteonectin, ALP, BMP-6, Runx-2, PPARγ, and CREBBP genes in differentiated cells. QT treatment increased the proliferation and differentiation of fMSCs in COV-exposed rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to COV impaired fMSCs differentiation and QT reduced the adverse effects of COV by regulating ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Khazaeel
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center (STTRC), Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ezzati Givi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dai Y, Xu X, Huo X, Faas MM. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115314. [PMID: 37536008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Dai
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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El-Sikaily A, Helal M, Nsonwu-Anyanwu AC, Azab H, Abd ElMoneim N, Farahat EOS, Saad A. Impacts of PAH accumulation on reproductive hormones, indices of oxidative stress and BPDE-albumin adduct in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:517-531. [PMID: 37398572 PMCID: PMC10313630 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disruption of hormonal and redox balance by toxic PAH metabolites may interfere with successful pregnancy leading to miscarriage. The association of exposure to PAH contaminated mussel via the dietary route with perturbations in reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and PAH metabolites were assessed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Furthermore, an analysis of the concentration of PAHs in environmentally relevant bivalve animals was performed to preliminary get insights into the levels of these pollutants in the environment. Seventy-six women (20-35 years) were categorized into 18 fertile women without RPL (control), and Groups I, II, and III comprising 24, 18, and 16 women with RPL (2, 3, and > 3 abortions respectively) were studied. Whole blood samples were collected for the estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), benzo[a]pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-albumin adduct (BPDE-albumin) and urine for α-naphthol and β-naphthol. Two species of mussel Donax trunculus and Andar aduloii samples were collected for the estimation of 16 priority PAHs. The concentration of PAHs exceeding the maximum limits was observed in the two species of mussels studied. Higher levels of BPDE-albumin, MDA, GST, α and β-naphthol and lower GSH, catalase, FSH, and P4 were observed in women with RPL (Groups I-III) compared to controls (p = < 0.001). Negative associations were observed between BPDE-albumin and catalase (r = - 0.276, p = 0.036), and GSH (r = - 0.331, p = - 0.011) only in women with RPL. Collectively, our findings indicate a possible association of chronic PAH accumulation with recurrent pregnancy loss in women. Graphical abstract High PAH exposure in pregnant women is associated with 10-epoxide-albumin adduct formation and high MDA levels in their sera. On the other hand, PAH exposure in those women led to a decrease in their GSH, catalase, P4, and FSH sera levels. These findings indicate that PAH exposure can exert different physiological effects in pregnant women leading to a high level of abortion in those women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany El-Sikaily
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam Azab
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Neveen Abd ElMoneim
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Aziza Saad
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wu K, Yao Y, Meng Y, Zhang X, Zhou R, Liu W, Ding X. Long-Term Atmosphere Surveillance (2016-2021) of PM 2.5-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Health Risk Assessment in Yangtze River Delta, China. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37360513 PMCID: PMC10208184 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term atmospheric quality monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed in Wuxi from 2016 to 2021. In total, 504 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected, and PM2.5-bound 16 PAHs were detected. The PM2.5 and ∑PAHs level decreased annually from 2016 to 2021, from 64.3 to 34.0 μg/m3 and 5.27 to 4.22 ng/m3, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) levels of 42% of the monitoring days in 2017 exceeded the recommended European Union (EU) health-based standard of 1 ng/m3. Five- and six-ring PAHs were found, including benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene (Bkf), BaP, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, which were the dominant components (indicating a prominent petroleum, biomass, and coal combustion contribution) using molecular diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis. Moreover, PM2.5 and PAHs were significantly negatively associated with local precipitation over a period of six years. Statistically significant temporal and spatial distribution differences of PM2.5, and ∑PAHs were also found. The toxicity equivalent quotient (TEQ) of total PAHs was 0.70, and the TEQ of BaP (0.178) was the highest, followed by that of Bkf (0.090), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Dah) (0.048), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (0.034). The medians of the incremental lifetime cancer risk for long-term exposure to PAHs were 2.74E-8, 1.98E-8, and 1.71E-7 for children, teenagers, and adults, respectively, indicating that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs pollution in air was acceptable to local residents in this area. Sensitivity analysis revealed that BaP, Bkf, and Dah significantly contributed to carcinogenic toxicity. This research provides comprehensive statistics on the local air persistent organic pollutants profile, helps to identify the principal pollution source and compounds, and contributes to the prevention of regional air pollution. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-023-00572-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Wu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Yuyang Yao
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Yuanhua Meng
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Run Zhou
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
| | - Xinliang Ding
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Medical University), Wuxi, 214023 China
- Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023 China
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Paquette AG, Lapehn S, Freije S, MacDonald J, Bammler T, Day DB, Loftus CT, Kannan K, Alex Mason W, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Enquobahrie DA, Marsit C, Sathyanarayana S. Placental transcriptomic signatures of prenatal exposure to Hydroxy-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107763. [PMID: 36689866 PMCID: PMC10211546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants originating from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. PAH compounds can cross the placenta, and prenatal PAH exposure is linked to adverse infant and childhood health outcomes. OBJECTIVE In this first human transcriptomic assessment of PAHs in the placenta, we examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and placental gene expression to gain insight into mechanisms by which PAHs may disrupt placental function. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium quantified prenatal PAH exposure and the placental transcriptome from 629 pregnant participants enrolled in the CANDLE study. Concentrations of 12 monohydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Placental transcriptomic data were obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. Linear models were fitted to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between maternal urinary OH-PAHs and placental gene expression. We performed sex-stratified analyses to evaluate whether associations varied by fetal sex. Selected PAH/gene expression analyses were validated by treating HTR-8/SVneo cells with phenanthrene, and quantifying expression via qPCR. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of 6 OH-PAHs were associated with placental expression of 8 genes. Three biological pathways were associated with 4 OH-PAHs. Placental expression of SGF29 and TRIP13 as well as the vitamin digestion and absorption pathway were positively associated with multiple metabolites. HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with phenanthrene also exhibited 23 % increased TRIP13 expression compared to vehicle controls (p = 0.04). Fetal sex may modify the relationship between prenatal OH-PAHs and placental gene expression, as more associations were identified in females than males (45 vs 28 associations). DISCUSSION Our study highlights novel genes whose placental expression may be disrupted by OH-PAHs. Increased expression of DNA damage repair gene TRIP13 may represent a response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Increased expression of genes involved in vitamin digestion and metabolism may reflect dietary exposures or represent a compensatory mechanism to combat damage related to OH-PAH toxicity. Further work is needed to study the role of these genes in placental function and their links to perinatal outcomes and lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Paquette
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - W Alex Mason
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Barrett ES, Workman T, Hazlehurst MF, Kauderer S, Loftus C, Kannan K, Robinson M, Smith AK, Smith R, Zhao Q, LeWinn KZ, Sathyanarayana S, Bush NR. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in relation to placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH) in the CANDLE pregnancy cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011689. [PMID: 36440232 PMCID: PMC9691680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting combustion by-products that have been linked to preterm birth. One possible mechanism is through disruption of placental corticotropin releasing hormone (pCRH), a key hormone implicated in parturition. As an extension of recent research identifying pCRH as a potential target of endocrine disruption, we examined maternal PAH exposure in relation to pCRH in a large, diverse sample. Participants, drawn from the CANDLE cohort, part of the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium, completed study visits at 16-29 weeks (V1) and 22-39 weeks (V2) gestation (n=812). Seven urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured at V1 and serum pCRH at V1 and V2. Associations between individual log-transformed OH-PAHs (as well as two summed PAH measures) and log(pCRH) concentrations across visits were estimated using mixed effects models. Minimally-adjusted models included gestational age and urinary specific gravity, while fully-adjusted models also included sociodemographic characteristics. We additionally evaluated effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, and maternal childhood trauma history. We observed associations between 2-OH-Phenanthrene (2-OH-PHEN) and rate of pCRH change that persisted in fully adjusted models (β=0.0009, 0.00006, 0.0017), however, positive associations with other metabolites (most notably 3-OH-Phenanthrene and 1-Hydroxypyrene) were attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics. Associations tended to be stronger at V1 compared to V2 and we observed no evidence of effect modification by pregnancy complications, fetal sex, or maternal childhood trauma history. In conclusion, we observed modest evidence of association between OH-PAHs, most notably 2-OH-PHEN, and pCRH in this sample. Additional research using serial measures of PAH exposure is warranted, as is investigation of alternative mechanisms that may link PAHs and timing of birth, such as inflammatory, epigenetic, or oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers University, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily S. Barrett,
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marnie F. Hazlehurst
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophie Kauderer
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Christine Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Roger Smith
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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