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Cnudde K, De Vylder F, Cardon G, Maes I, Van Dyck D. Within- and between-person associations of time-varying determinants with snacking in older adults: an ecological momentary assessment study. Br J Nutr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38764384 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Promoting healthy snacking is important in addressing malnutrition, overweight and obesity among an ageing population. However, little is known about the factors underlying snacking behaviour in older adults. The present study aimed to explore within- and between-person associations between determinants (i.e. intention, visibility of snacks, social modelling and emotions) and snacking behaviours (i.e. decision to snack, health factor of the snack and portion size) in older adults (60+). Conducting a two-part intensive longitudinal design, data were analysed from forty-eight healthy older adults consisting of (1) an event-based self-report ecological momentary assessment (EMA) diary every time they had a snack and (2) a time-based EMA questionnaire on their phone five times per day. Analysis through generalised linear mixed models indicated that higher intention to snack healthily leads to healthier snacking while higher levels of social modelling and cheerfulness promote unhealthier choices within individuals. At the between-person level, similar results were found for intention and social modelling. Visibility of a snack increased portion size at both a within- and between-person level, while the intention to eat a healthy snack only increased portion size at the between-person level. No associations were found between the decision to snack and all determinants. This is the first study to investigate both within- and between-person associations between time-varying determinants and snacking in older adults. Such information holds the potential for incorporation into just-in-time adaptive interventions, allowing for personalised tailoring, more effective promotion of healthier snacking behaviours and thus pursuing the challenge of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cnudde
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore De Vylder
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Maes
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Elsworth RL, Hinton EC, Flynn AN, Merrell LH, Hamilton-Shield JP, Lawrence NS, Brunstrom JM. Development of Momentary Appetite Capture (MAC): A versatile tool for monitoring appetite over long periods. Appetite 2024; 194:107154. [PMID: 38081544 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how an intervention impacts appetite in real-life settings and over several days remains a challenging and under-explored research question. To this end, we developed Momentary Appetite Capture (MAC), a form of ecological momentary assessment that combines automated text messaging with an online platform. Participants report their appetite using visual analogue scales (hunger, desire to eat, and fullness) and a virtual portion-size selection task. In two separate studies, we assessed the feasibility and test-retest reliability of MAC. Participants were prompted every 2 hours over a 14-hour window, and they repeated this assessment over two consecutive weekdays. For each participant, we calculated a daily time-averaged area under the curve (AUC) for each appetite measure. In Study One (N = 25) time-averaged AUC was significantly positively correlated across test days for hunger (r = 0.563, p = .003), desire to eat (r = 0.515, p = .008) and prospective portion size (r = 0.914, p < .001), but not for fullness (r = 0.342, p = .094). Participants completed 95% of MACs (380 of 400), and we used participant feedback to improve the MAC tool and study protocol for Study Two. In Study Two (N = 31), 94% of MACs were completed (468 of 496). Across days, time-averaged AUC was significantly positively correlated for hunger (r = 0.595, p = < .001), fullness (r = 0.501, p = .004), desire to eat (r = 0.585, p < .001), and prospective portion size (r = 0.757, p < .001). Together, these studies suggest that MAC could be an acceptable and reliable tool to track appetite throughout the day. In the future, MAC could be used to explore the impact of weight-loss interventions on natural fluctuations in appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Elsworth
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Elanor C Hinton
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Annika N Flynn
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy H Merrell
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Julian P Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol and University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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van Alebeek H, Jones CM, Reichenberger J, Pannicke B, Schüz B, Blechert J. Goal pursuit increases more after dietary success than after dietary failure: examining conflicting theories of self-regulation using ecological momentary assessment. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38408993 PMCID: PMC10895756 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining a healthy body weight and reaching long-term dietary goals requires ongoing self-monitoring and behavioral adjustments. How individuals respond to successes and failures is described in models of self-regulation: while cybernetic models propose that failures lead to increased self-regulatory efforts and successes permit a reduction of such efforts, motivational models (e.g., social-cognitive theory) make opposite predictions. Here, we tested these conflicting models in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) context and explored whether effort adjustments are related to inter-individual differences in perceived self-regulatory success in dieting (i.e., weight management). METHODS Using linear mixed effects models, we tested in 174 diet-interested individuals whether current day dietary success or failure (e.g., on Monday) was followed by self-regulatory effort adjustment for the next day (e.g., on Tuesday) across 14 days. Success vs. failure was operationalized with two EMA items: first, whether food intake was higher vs. lower than usual and second, whether food intake was perceived as more vs. less goal-congruent than usual. Trait-level perceived self-regulatory success in dieting was measured on a questionnaire. RESULTS Intended self-regulatory effort increased more strongly after days with dietary success (i.e., eating less than usual / rating intake as goal-congruent) than after days with dietary failure (i.e., eating more than usual / rating intake as goal-incongruent), especially in those individuals with lower scores on perceived self-regulatory success in dieting. CONCLUSIONS Findings support mechanisms proposed by social-cognitive theory, especially in unsuccessful dieters. Thus, future dietary interventions could focus on preventing the decrease in self-regulatory effort after instances of dietary failures and thereby mitigate the potential risk that a single dietary failure initiates a downward spiral into unhealthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah van Alebeek
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Björn Pannicke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin Schüz
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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Manana B, El-Jor C, Abi Kharma J, Zeeni N. Effectiveness of a text-messaging intervention on intuitive eating: a randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1576-1584. [PMID: 37165660 PMCID: PMC10410380 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intuitive eating (IE) is a concept based on mind-body integration of instinct, emotion and rational thought, to improve eating behaviours, physical and mental health. Several attempts were developed to teach IE principles including text-messaging interventions given that they are easy to implement and low cost. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5-week text message-based IE intervention on IE, while correcting for perceived stress (PS) and self-compassion (SC). DESIGN A randomised controlled trial. SETTING Online, in Lebanon. PARTICIPANTS Adults (n 195) were randomised into one of three groups: the active IE group receiving IE-related messages with a practice exercise, the passive IE group receiving only IE-related messages and the control group receiving general health-related tips. Ten messages were delivered over 5 weeks. Two follow-ups were made: directly post-intervention and 7 weeks later. Baseline data and follow-ups included demographics, nutrition-related variables and measures of IE, SC and PS. RESULTS Results indicated improvements in IE scores in the two intervention groups (P = 0·05), with the passive IE group showing the most improvement. Also, a significant improvement in SC (Λ = 0·88, F (2, 63) = 4·40, P = 0·01) and reduction in PS (Λ = 0·86, F (2, 63) = 5·21, P = 0·008) were observed in the active IE group. CONCLUSION Text-messaging interventions might be efficient in enhancing IE. Results shed light on the need for further large-scale interventions that use visual aids and provide practical guidance to teach IE, while further characterising the relation between IE, SC and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Manana
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, 36-Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Claire El-Jor
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, 36-Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Abi Kharma
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, 36-Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Zeeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, 36-Byblos, Lebanon
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Blanchard MA, Contreras A, Kalkan RB, Heeren A. Auditing the research practices and statistical analyses of the group-level temporal network approach to psychological constructs: A systematic scoping review. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:767-787. [PMID: 35469085 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Network analyses have become increasingly common within the field of psychology, and temporal network analyses in particular are quickly gaining traction, with many of the initial articles earning substantial interest. However, substantial heterogeneity exists within the study designs and methodology, rendering it difficult to form a comprehensive view of its application in psychology research. Since the field is quickly growing and since there have been many study-to-study variations in terms of choices made by researchers when collecting, processing, and analyzing data, we saw the need to audit this field and formulate a comprehensive view of current temporal network analyses. To systematically chart researchers' practices when conducting temporal network analyses, we reviewed articles conducting temporal network analyses on psychological variables (published until March 2021) in the framework of a scoping review. We identified 43 articles and present the detailed results of how researchers are currently conducting temporal network analyses. A commonality across results concerns the wide variety of data collection and analytical practices, along with a lack of consistency between articles about what is reported. We use these results, along with relevant literature from the fields of ecological momentary assessment and network analysis, to formulate recommendations on what type of data is suited for temporal network analyses as well as optimal methods to preprocess and analyze data. As the field is new, we also discuss key future steps to help usher the field's progress forward and offer a reporting checklist to help researchers navigate conducting and reporting temporal network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Annelise Blanchard
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Belgian National Science Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alba Contreras
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rana Begum Kalkan
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Belgian National Science Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Tuncer GZ, Çetinkaya Duman Z. Emotional eating experiences of individuals with severe mental disorders: A qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2723-2732. [PMID: 35561007 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to understand the emotional eating experiences of individuals with severe mental disorders. DESIGN AND METHODS The study used a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected from 19 individuals who displayed emotional eating behavior and a severe mental disorder. FINDINGS The main themes of this study are "Triggers," "Emotional Eating Process," and "Feelings after Emotional Eating." Participants stated that negative emotions and certain initiating factors were the triggers of their emotional eating; they also experienced feelings of regret and guilt after emotional eating. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It was concluded that programs for regulating the eating behaviors of individuals with severe mental disorders should be organized and that psychosocial interventions to prevent emotional eating among these individuals should be integrated into the programs' contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Zekiye Tuncer
- Psychiatric Nursing PhD Program, Dokuz Eylül University The Institute Of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çetinkaya Duman
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Dicker-Oren SD, Gelkopf M, Greene T. The dynamic network associations of food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions. Appetite 2022; 175:106019. [PMID: 35500722 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food craving, restrained eating, hunger, and negative emotions may predict and reinforce one another. However, less is known about how they interact together as a complex system in daily life. Therefore, we used a dynamic network approach to examine the associations between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions in daily life. METHODS Food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions were measured using ecological momentary assessment three times a day over ten days in a community sample in Israel (n = 123). A two-step multilevel vector auto-regression network analysis was used to estimate temporal, contemporaneous and between-persons networks. RESULTS In the temporal network, restrained eating was the most central predictor of eating behaviors and negative emotions, predicting food craving and hunger as well as sadness and loneliness. Food craving was also predicted by hunger and stress, and hunger predicted loneliness. In the contemporaneous network, food craving was associated with hunger and feeling bored, and higher anger was associated with lower restrained eating. Stress and sadness were central negative emotions in the models. DISCUSSION This study suggests possible temporal and contemporaneous relationships between food craving, restrained eating, hunger and negative emotions, emphasizing their complex interactions in daily life. Restrained eating and stress should be investigated as potential targets for interventions addressing food craving and overeating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dicker-Oren
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - M Gelkopf
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Greene
- The Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Battaglia B, Lee L, Jia SS, Partridge SR, Allman-Farinelli M. The Use of Mobile-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment (mEMA) Methodology to Assess Dietary Intake, Food Consumption Behaviours and Context in Young People: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071329. [PMID: 35885855 PMCID: PMC9321045 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile-based ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) offers a novel method for dietary assessment and may reduce recall bias and participant burden. This review evaluated mEMA methodology and the feasibility, acceptability and validity as a dietary assessment method in young people. Five databases were searched from January 2008 to September 2021 for studies including healthy young people aged 16–30 years and used mEMA for obtaining dietary intake data, food consumption behaviours and/or contextual factors. Data on the method used to administer mEMA, compliance with recording and validation were extracted. A total of 46 articles from 39 independent studies were included, demonstrating a wide variation in mEMA methods. Signal-contingent prompting (timed notification to record throughout the day) was used in 26 studies, 9 used event-contingent (food consumption triggered recordings), while 4 used both. Monitoring periods varied and most studies reported a compliance rate of 80% or more. Two studies found mEMA to be burdensome and six reported mEMA as easy to use. Most studies (31/39) reported using previously validated questions. mEMA appears to be a feasible and acceptable methodology to assess dietary intake and food consumption in near real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Battaglia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Lydia Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Si Si Jia
- Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephanie Ruth Partridge
- Engagement and Co-Design Research Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (B.B.); (L.L.); (M.A.-F.)
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Pannicke B, Blechert J, Reichenberger J, Kaiser T. Clustering individuals' temporal patterns of affective states, hunger, and food craving by latent class vector-autoregression. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 35597952 PMCID: PMC9123755 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating plays an important role in mental and physical health and is influenced by affective (e.g., emotions, stress) and appetitive (i.e., food craving, hunger) states, among others. Yet, substantial temporal variability and marked individual differences in these relationships have been reported. Exploratory data analytical approaches that account for variability between and within individuals might benefit respective theory development and subsequent confirmatory studies. Methods Across 2 weeks, 115 individuals (83% female) reported on momentary affective states, hunger, and food craving six times a day. Based on these ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data we investigated whether latent class vector-autoregression (LCVAR) can identify different clusters of participants based on similarities in their temporal associations between these states. Results LCVAR allocated participants into three distinct clusters. Within clusters, we found both positive and negative associations between affective states and hunger/food craving, which further varied temporally across lags. Associations between hunger/food craving and subsequent affective states were more pronounced than vice versa. Clusters differed on eating-related traits such as stress-eating and food craving as well as on EMA completion rates. Discussion LCVAR provides novel opportunities to analyse time-series data in affective science and eating behaviour research and uncovers that traditional models of affect-eating relationships might be overly simplistic. Temporal associations differ between subgroups of individuals with specific links to eating-related traits. Moreover, even within subgroups, differences in associations across time and specific affective states can be observed. To account for this high degree of variability, future research and theories should consider individual differences in direction and time lag of associations between affective states and eating behaviour, daytime and specific affective states. In addition to that, methodological implications for EMA research are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01293-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pannicke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tim Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Analysis of Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviors within Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081679. [PMID: 35458243 PMCID: PMC9030425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-regulation of eating behaviors (suppression of behavioral short-term impulse to consume food products in the interest of pursuing long-term weight goals), has been an important determinant for adopting a healthy lifestyle in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in adults, but there have been no such studies conducted in the population of adolescents in this period. The aim of the presented study is to analyze self-regulation of eating behaviors in the population-based sample of Polish adolescents within the Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. The Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) was used to assess self-regulation of eating behaviors in the studied population of 1126 Polish adolescents (818 females and 308 males), aged 15−20, recruited based on a random quota sampling within a national sample. Based on the screening questions of the SREBQ, 145 individuals were excluded from the analysis. The participants of the study were categorized based on their gender, body mass index, body mass index change during the COVID-19 pandemic, and food products declared as tempting. The major factors associated with SREBQ score were body mass index change and tempting food products. The respondents losing weight during the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized by a higher SREBQ score than those maintaining stable body mass or gaining weight (3.4 vs. 3.2 vs. 3.2; p = 0.0001). The respondents declaring both sweet and salty food products as tempting were characterized by a lower SREBQ score than those declaring only sweet, only salty, or declaring no tempting products (3.2 vs. 3.4 vs. 3.4 vs. 3.4; p < 0.0001). The major factors associated with SREBQ categories were gender, body mass index change, and tempting food products. A higher share of respondents characterized by a high self-regulation of eating behaviors was observed for males than for females (27.4% vs. 18.8%; p = 0.0142); for respondents losing weight during the COVID-19 pandemic than for respondents gaining weight (25.9% vs. 15.5%; p = 0.0423); as well as for respondents declaring no tempting products than those declaring both sweet and salty food products (38.3% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.0001). It was concluded that the self-regulation of eating behaviors in adolescents is closely associated with food products perceived as tempting by them, as well as with gender. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the low self-regulation of eating behaviors was a significant determinant of the body mass gain. Taking this into account, female adolescents characterized by a low self-regulation of eating behaviors especially should be subjected to a dedicated intervention program to prevent overweight and obesity.
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11
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Bauer JM, Nielsen KS, Hofmann W, Reisch LA. Healthy eating in the wild: An experience-sampling study of how food environments and situational factors shape out-of-home dietary success. Soc Sci Med 2022; 299:114869. [PMID: 35278829 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Across many parts of the world, people increasingly eat out-of-home. Simultaneously, many people strive to eat a healthier diet, but it remains unclear to what extent and how eating out helps or hinders people in achieving their dietary goals. The present study investigated how characteristics of the physical micro-environment in out-of-home food outlets (e.g., cafeterias, supermarkets, and restaurants) influence the healthiness of food choices among a sample of German adults with a goal to eat healthier. We used an experience sampling method to obtain detailed information about people's motivation for selecting a specific food outlet and the outlet's micro-environment. We further asked for people's mood, visceral state, and thoughts during their food choice and obtained evaluations of food choices reported near their occurrence and in externally valid conditions. The data was collected via a mobile app over a period of six to eleven days between November and December of 2018 in Germany with a sample of 409 participants (nobs = 6447). We find that even health-conscious people select food outlets and their respective micro-environments based on short-term goals, such as ease, taste, and speed of a consumption episode rather than long-term health outcomes. Using multiple regression, we show that micro-environments that promote healthy food, make such food more appealing and easier to select facilitate healthy food choices. We further identify some of the psychological mechanisms through which the micro-environment can affect food choices, as well as how individual characteristics moderate the relationship between specific micro-environmental factors and goal success. Taken together, our findings suggest the opportunity for, and arguably also necessity of, reshaping food environments to better facilitate healthier choices and support public health in the face of increasing out-of-home food consumption and the adverse consequences of unhealthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Bauer
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Lucia A Reisch
- El-Erian Institute for Behavioural Economics and Policy, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Kaiser B, Gemesi K, Holzmann SL, Wintergerst M, Lurz M, Hauner H, Groh G, Böhm M, Krcmar H, Holzapfel C, Gedrich K. Stress-induced hyperphagia: empirical characterization of stress-overeaters. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:100. [PMID: 35031050 PMCID: PMC8760707 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stressful situations can have an impact on an individual’s eating behavior. People vulnerable to the influence of stress tend to change the quantity and quality of their food intake. Variables such as sex and body mass index (BMI) seem to be related to this stress-eating behavior, but it is rather unclear what factors account to the parameters associated with stress-eating behavior. The aim of this survey was to identify further characteristics of adults in Germany related to stress-overeating, focusing on stress perception, coping, eating motives and comfort foods as well as personality types. Methods This online survey was performed throughout Germany and comprised a 38-item pre-tested questionnaire. Stress-induced overeating was classified based on the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES). Moreover, validated questionnaires were used to identify additional characteristics of stress eaters. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach, and data were collected between January and April 2021. Results The overall sample consisted of 1222 participants (female 80.8%, aged 31.5±12.8). 42.1% of participants were identified as stress-overeaters. Among the remaining group, 78.9% stated to eat less, 21.1% to eat equally when stressed. Female participants had a higher mean SSES score compared to male participants. The BMI was positively correlated to SSES, r(1220)=0.28, p>0.005. ‘Agreeableness’ (BigFive) was found to be a negative predictor of stress-overeating. The most pronounced difference in eating motives (The Eating Motivation Survey, TEMS) was found for ‘Affect Regulation’ and ‘Weight Control’. Conclusions The results indicate that stress-overeating affects a large proportion of the surveyed population. BMI, personality and eating motives additionally characterize stress-overeaters and may contribute to develop new approaches to address unhealthy stress-related eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kaiser
- Research Group Public Health Nutrition, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gemesi
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Laura Holzmann
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Wintergerst
- Research Group Social Computing, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Lurz
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Groh
- Research Group Social Computing, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Böhm
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- Krcmar Lab, Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kurt Gedrich
- Research Group Public Health Nutrition, ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Sánchez-Sánchez E, Díaz-Jimenez J, Rosety I, Alférez MJM, Díaz AJ, Rosety MA, Ordonez FJ, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Perceived Stress and Increased Food Consumption during the 'Third Wave' of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:2380. [PMID: 34371889 PMCID: PMC8308749 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people worldwide. An increase in perceived stress can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as increased food consumption. The aim of this study was to find the level of perceived stress and its relationship with increased food consumption during the "third wave" of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This was a cross-sectional study that employed anonline self-reported frequency of consumption questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale-10. A total of 637 subjects participated and 83.6% of respondents had moderate or high stress-more prevalent in the female and young respondents. Moreover, 36.1% of respondents reported that they had increased the frequency of consumption of some foods, mainly nuts, snacks, and jellybeans, along with coffee, tea, cocoa, and soft drinks. Eating between meals was more pronounced in those with high stress (65.1%) than in those with moderate stress (40.4%) and low stress (20.2%). Furthermore, the respondents with high stress reported greater weight gain. Thus, the results show that the level of perceived stress during the 'third wave' of this pandemic increased food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Sánchez
- Internal Medicine Department, Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, 11207 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jara Díaz-Jimenez
- Campus Cádiz, Doctoral School of the University of Cádiz (EDUCA), Edificio Hospital Real (PrimeraPlanta), Plaza Falla 8, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Maria José M. Alférez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jesús Díaz
- Medicine Department, School of Nursing, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Rosety
- Move-It Research Group, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Ordonez
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Manuel Rosety-Rodriguez
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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