1
|
Łuszczki E, Bartosiewicz A, Kuchciak M, Dereń K, Oleksy Ł, Adamska O, Mazur A. Longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure and body mass composition in physically active children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:260. [PMID: 35538456 PMCID: PMC9088021 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring body composition and changes in energy expenditure during maturation and growth is significant, as many components can influence body structure in adulthood. In the case of young players, when these changes can influence their strength and power, it seems to be equally important. Our aim was to examine whether resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition would change after 10 months from baseline in physically active children and adolescents. Methods We obtained data from 80 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years at two measurement points: the baseline in September 2018 and after 10 months in July 2019. The study was carried out using a calorimeter (Fitmate MED, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), a device used to assess body composition using by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of a segment analyzer (TANITA MC-980). The Student’s t-test and linear regression analysis were used. Using the stepwise forward regression procedure, the selection of factors in a statistically significant way that describes the level of REE was made. Results We noticed that REE was not significantly different between baseline (1596.94 ± 273.01 kcal) and after 10 months (1625.38 ± 253.26 kcal). When analyzing the difference in REE between studies girls, we found body height as a significant predictor. The results of our study show a negative relationship between growth and REE. Differences between sexes and age in REE between baseline and after 10 months were not significant. Conclusions Our study involving physically active children and adolescents, which used repeated objective measures and longitudinal statistical modeling to analyze them, was unable to demonstrate any interaction between body weight change, body composition measurements, and REE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03326-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuchciak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Physiotherapy and Sports Centre, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Olga Adamska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Wang W, Guo R, Wang A, Wei C. The Effects of Sports Drinks During High-Intensity Exercise on the Carbohydrate Oxidation Rate Among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574172. [PMID: 33362573 PMCID: PMC7759561 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines the effects of sports drinks ingestion during high-intensity exercise for carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO-O) among athletes. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched for available papers published up to November 2019. The primary outcome is the carbohydrate oxidation rate (CHO-O), and the secondary outcome is the fat oxidation rate (Fat-O). Statistical heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and the I2 index. The random-effects model was used for all analyses, regardless of the I2 index. Results: Five studies are included, with a total of 58 participants (range, 8–14/study). All five studies are randomized crossover trials. Compared to the control beverages, sports drinks have no impact on the CHO-O of athletes [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.29; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.65, P = 0.106; I2 = 97.4%, P < 0.001] and on the Fat-O of athletes (WMD = −0.074; 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.06, P = 0.297; I2 = 97.5%, P < 0.001). Carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions increase CHO-O (WMD = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.08–0.87, P = 0.020; I2 = 97.8%, P < 0.001) but not Fat-O (WMD = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.31 to 0.03, P = 0.103; I2 = 98.2%, P < 0.001). Caffeine has a borderline effect on Fat-O (WMD = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00–0.10, P = 0.050). Conclusions: Compared with the control beverages, sports drinks show no significant improvement in CHO-O and Fat-O in athletes. Carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions increase CHO-O in athletes but not Fat-O.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Physical Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-Samanes Á, Pérez-López A, Moreno-Pérez V, Nakamura FY, Acebes-Sánchez J, Quintana-Milla I, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Moreno-Pérez D, Fernández-Elías VE, Domínguez R. Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Physical Performance in Highly Competitive Tennis Players. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020584. [PMID: 32102263 PMCID: PMC7071491 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Beetroot juice (BJ) contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO3−) and its intake has good evidence in increasing blood nitrate/nitrite concentrations. The ingestion of BJ has been associated with improvements in physical performance of endurance sports, however the literature in intermittent sports is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BJ could improve physical performance in tennis players. Thirteen well-trained tennis players (25.4 ± 5.1 years) participated in the study during their preparatory period for the tennis season. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and performed a neuromuscular test battery after either BJ or placebo (PLA) consumption. Both trials were executed on two separate days, in randomized order, with one week of wash out period. The test battery consisted of serve velocity test (SVT), countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (IHS), 5-0-5 agility test (5-0-5), and 10 m sprint (10-m). No significant differences were found in SVT (1.19%; p = 0.536), CMJ (0.96%; p = 0.327), IHS (4.06%; p = 0.069), 5-0-5 dominant and nondominant side (1.11–2.02%; p = 0.071–0.191) and 10-m (1.05%; p = 0.277) when comparing BJ and PLA ingestion. Thus, our data suggest that low doses of BJ (70 mL) consumption do not enhance tennis physical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López-Samanes
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-709-1400 (ext. 1955)
| | - Alberto Pérez-López
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victor Moreno-Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, San Juan, 03202 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Fabio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, 58051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;
| | - Jorge Acebes-Sánchez
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-S.); (I.Q.-M.)
| | - Iñaki Quintana-Milla
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-S.); (I.Q.-M.)
| | - Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Education, Research and Evaluation Methods, Universidad Pontifica de Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Raúl Domínguez
- College of Health Sciences, Isabel I University, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferreira PR, Marins JCB, de Oliveira LL, Bastos DSS, Soares Júnior DT, da Silva CD, Fontes EAF. Beverage based on whey permeate with phenolic extract of jabuticaba peel: A pilot study on effects on muscle and oxidative stress in trained individuals. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
5
|
Partial Replacement of Maltodextrin by Sweet Potato Flour (Ipomoea Batatas L. Lamarck) in the Development of a Shake Beverage. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato flour contains low-glycemic complex carbohydrates and, when it is ingested, prevents insulin spikes and prolongs the feeling of satiety. The aim of this study was to elaborate and to verify the acceptability of the shake with the total or partial substitution of maltodextrin for sweet potato flour. To elaborate the shake beverage, we used a 22 factorial design, with three central points, thus generating seven formulations. For the taste, color, texture, appearance, acceptance and attitude of purchase properties, sensory tests were conducted using a nine-point hedonic scale and panelists (n = 50). The highest acceptability formulations, formulations 3 (10% sweet potato flour; 25% maltodextrin) and 7 (0% sweet potato flour; 25% maltodextrin), were submitted to pH, moisture, ash, protein, lipid, crude fiber and total carbohydrate analyses. The statistical difference between the formulations from the T test (p < 0.05) was verified for the moisture, ash and lipid parameters. Formulation 3 presented higher values of moisture (93.26 ± 0.57) and lipids (1.91 ± 0.01), and formulation 7 had higher values of ash (0.39 ± 0.01). The results of the sensorial and physicochemical analyses of the shake indicate that sweet potato flour shows potential for the elaboration of this drink.
Collapse
|
6
|
Simulescu V, Ilia G, Macarie L, Merghes P. Sport and energy drinks consumption before, during and after training. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
7
|
Investigating the Nutritional and Recovery Habits of Tennis Players. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040443. [PMID: 29614035 PMCID: PMC5946228 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the nutritional and recovery habits of tennis players pre-, during, and post-match-play were investigated. Seventy tennis players completed a bespoke nutrition and recovery habits questionnaire, with questions related to the following areas: match preparation, intra-match nutritional habits, situation dependent variables, and post-match nutrition and recovery. On match day-1, the consumption of balanced meals consisting of carbohydrate (CHO), fat and protein, with some micronutrient considerations were reported by 51% of players. On match-days, CHOs were prioritised prior to match-play with CHO dominant meals consumed by the majority of players. During matches, all players adopted a nutritional strategy, with water (94%), banana(s) (86%) and sports drinks (50%) commonly used. Carbohydrate rich nutritional aids, including sports drinks (80%) and energy gels (26%) were utilised more readily during long matches (>2 h). The day after match-play, 39% of players reported the consumption of “nothing specific”. Multiple post-match recovery strategies were adopted by 80% of players, with foam rolling (77%), ice baths (40%), protein shake intake (37%) and hot baths (26%) most used. Findings indicate highly variable eating and recovery habits in tennis players pre-, during and post-match-play, with scope for improved practices.
Collapse
|
8
|
A systematic review on fatigue analysis in triceps brachii using surface electromyography. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Zagatto AM, Kondric M, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Sperlich B. Energetic demand and physical conditioning of table tennis players. A study review. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:724-731. [PMID: 28582628 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1335957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Table tennis is a racket sport characterised by an intermittent movement profile, including short rallies interspersed with short breaks. In contrast to other racket sports, information is lacking regarding the: (i) physiological responses during table tennis matches and training; and (ii) practical recommendations for enhancing aerobic and anaerobic performance in table tennis by improving cardio-metabolic and neuro-muscular fitness, anthropometry and nutritional strategies. Therefore, this review article attempts to narratively provide an overview of the physiology of table tennis by describing the metabolic mechanisms underlying match play and outlining a framework for practical recommendations for improving cardio-metabolic and neuro-muscular fitness, anthropometry as well as nutritional strategies. A second aim was to stimulate future research on table tennis and to point out study limitations in this context. In general, the most important finding is that the rally duration is short at around 3.5s, with a longer rest time of around 8-20s, resulting in an effort-rest ratio ranging from 0.15 to 0.22 in official matches and energetic demands during match relatively low. Future studies should focus on the relationship between energetic demand and table tennis performance with a view to predicting performance in table tennis using physiological parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- a School of Sciences, Department of Physical Education , São Paulo State University (Unesp) , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | - Miran Kondric
- b Faculty of Sport , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.,c International Table Tennis Federation , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- d Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | | | - Billy Sperlich
- f Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Institute of Sport Science , University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gallo-Salazar C, Del Coso J, Barbado D, Lopez-Valenciano A, Santos-Rosa FJ, Sanz-Rivas D, Moya M, Fernandez-Fernandez J. Impact of a competition with two consecutive matches in a day on physical performance in young tennis players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:750-756. [PMID: 28231435 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of playing 2 tennis matches on the same day on physical performance in young tennis players. Twelve well-trained young tennis players took part in a simulated tennis competition consisting of 2 tennis matches on the same day (morning and afternoon sessions). Before and the day after the competition, physical performance was measured using a battery of countermovement jumps; a 10 m sprint; the 5-0-5 agility test; hip, grip and shoulder maximal isometric strength; shoulder range of motion; and a serve velocity test. Postcompetition results showed reduced performance in 10 m (-3.3%, effect size (ES) = small), dominant and nondominant 5-0-5 agility test (-4.6%, ES = moderate; -4.2%, ES = moderate, respectively), bilateral (-5.2%, ES = small), and unilateral countermovement jumps (dominant leg: -7.2%, ES = small; non-dominant leg: -9.1%, ES = small). Both dominant and nondominant shoulder external rotation range of motion increased (12.2%, ES = moderate; 5.6%, ES = small), whereas internal rotation decreased (-4.2%, ES = small; -3.3%, ES = small) in the postcompetition tests, together with the dominant shoulder external rotation (-10.7%, ES = moderate) and internal rotation (-9.3%, ES = small) strength. Physical impairments occurred in neuromuscular performance variables involving lower (e.g., jumping, sprinting, and change of direction) and upper (e.g., isometric strength and range of motion) limbs the day after playing a competition with 2 consecutive matches on the same day. These alterations in neuromuscular and sport-specific performance need to be taken into consideration when planning tournament schedules for young tennis players, as well as preparing match and recovery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Gallo-Salazar
- a Exercise Physiology Laboratory, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- a Exercise Physiology Laboratory, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barbado
- b Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - David Sanz-Rivas
- a Exercise Physiology Laboratory, C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.,d Royal Spanish Tennis Federation, C/ San Cugat del Valles, s/n. 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya
- b Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez
- b Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Colakoglu FF, Cayci B, Yaman M, Karacan S, Gonulateş S, Ipekoglu G, Er F. The effects of the intake of an isotonic sports drink before orienteering competitions on skeletal muscle damage. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:3200-3204. [PMID: 27942149 PMCID: PMC5140829 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the intake of an
isotonic sports drink (500 ml water, 32 gr carbonhydrate, 120 mg calcium, 248 mg chloride,
230 mg sodium) the level of the skeletal muscle damage of orienteering athletes. [Subjects
and Methods] The study was carried out on 21 male elite orienteering athletes. The
athletes were divided into two groups by randomized double-blind selection. The
experimental group (n=11) was given the isotonic sports drink, while the placebo group
(n=10) was given 500 ml pure water. Blood samples were taken pre-competition,
post-competition, 2 hours post-competition and 24 hours post-competition. [Results] The
pre-c troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase serum levels of the placebo group were
significantly lower than the post-competition and 2 hours post-competition values. The 24
hours post-competition levels of the same analyses were also significantly lower than the
post-c and 2 hours post-competition. The pre-competition troponin, myoglobin and
creatinine kinase levels of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower
than the post-competition, 2 hours post-competition 24 hours post-competition values. In
conclusion, the present results suggest that the intake of supportive sports drinks before
exercising significantly prevents the observed muscle damage. The study showed that serum
myoglobin levels between the experimental and the placebo group is significantly different
during the 2 hours post-competition period. [Conclusion] The level of serum creatinine
kinase and myoglobin accurately shows the extent of the muscle damage. However, further
studies on the effect of isotonic sports drink in different training programs on the cell
membrane and the muscle damage are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Banu Cayci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Turkey
| | - Metin Yaman
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Gazi University, Turkey
| | - Selma Karacan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Selcuk University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Fatmanur Er
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Gazi University, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gomes RV, Cunha VCR, Zourdos MC, Aoki MS, Moreira A, Fernandez-Fernandez J, Capitani CD. Physiological Responses of Young Tennis Players to Training Drills and Simulated Match Play. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 30:851-8. [PMID: 26382129 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of young tennis players during 5 different training drills and to compare the responses between drills. Ten (17.0 ± 1.2 years) male tennis players participated in this study. Each athlete completed 5 total training drills. Drills 1-4 consisted of each player returning balls from a ball-serving machine and were stroke/time-controlled over 6 points. The fifth drill was a simulated match (SM) play, between 2 opposing players, and also lasted 6 points. The 4 stroke/time-controlled drills had the following strokes/time for each point: drill 1: 2 strokes/∼4 seconds, drill 2: 4 strokes/∼8 seconds, drill 3: 7 strokes/∼14 seconds, drill 4: 10 strokes/∼20 seconds. Peak heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LA), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured after the first, third, and sixth point of each drill. Drills were performed in a randomized crossover design; a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. All dependent variables (HR, LA, and RPE) significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) as strokes, and time per rally increased in each drill. Furthermore, all variables were elevated to a greater magnitude (p ≤ 0.05) during the 7 and 10 stroke drills after the first, third, and sixth points when compared with the SM and the 2 and 4 stroke drills at the corresponding time points. These results suggest that the physiological responses to tennis training drills were stroke/time-dependent. Therefore, because of the intense intermittent nature of tennis, stroke/time-controlled drills, which require significant physiological demands, should be incorporated along with technically focused shorter drills to fully mimic the conditions of competitive match play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo V Gomes
- 1School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida; 4School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and 5Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|