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Shi C, Wen Z, Yang Y, Shi L, Liu D. NAD+ metabolism and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 57:1-12. [PMID: 38974325 PMCID: PMC11223091 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central and pleiotropic metabolite involved in cellular energy metabolism, cell signaling, DNA repair, and protein modifications. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic stress and aging directly affect the cardiovascular system. Compelling data suggest that NAD + levels decrease with age, obesity, and hypertension, which are all notable risk factors for CVD. In addition, the therapeutic elevation of NAD + levels reduces chronic low-grade inflammation, reactivates autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhances oxidative metabolism in vascular cells of humans and rodents with vascular disorders. In preclinical models, NAD + boosting can also expand the health span, prevent metabolic syndrome, and decrease blood pressure. Moreover, NAD + storage by genetic, pharmacological, or natural dietary NAD + -increasing strategies has recently been shown to be effective in improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different animal models, and human health. Here, we review and discuss NAD + -related mechanisms pivotal for vascular health and summarize recent experimental evidence in NAD + research directly related to vascular disease, including atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Finally, we comparatively assess distinct NAD + precursors for their clinical efficacy and the efficiency of NAD + elevation in the treatment of major CVD. These findings may provide ideas for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat CVD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Shi
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhaozhi Wen
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linsheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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2
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Gomez-Pinilla F, Thapak P. Exercise epigenetics is fueled by cell bioenergetics: Supporting role on brain plasticity and cognition. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:43-55. [PMID: 38677488 PMCID: PMC11144461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has the unique aptitude to benefit overall health of body and brain. Evidence indicates that the effects of exercise can be saved in the epigenome for considerable time to elevate the threshold for various diseases. The action of exercise on epigenetic regulation seems central to building an "epigenetic memory" to influence long-term brain function and behavior. As an intrinsic bioenergetic process, exercise engages the function of the mitochondria and redox pathways to impinge upon molecular mechanisms that regulate synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. We discuss how the action of exercise uses mechanisms of bioenergetics to support a "epigenetic memory" with long-term implications for neural and behavioral plasticity. This information is crucial for directing the power of exercise to reduce the burden of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pavan Thapak
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Shafqat A, Masters MC, Tripathi U, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Hashmi SK. Long COVID as a disease of accelerated biological aging: An opportunity to translate geroscience interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102400. [PMID: 38945306 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It has been four years since long COVID-the protracted consequences that survivors of COVID-19 face-was first described. Yet, this entity continues to devastate the quality of life of an increasing number of COVID-19 survivors without any approved therapy and a paucity of clinical trials addressing its biological root causes. Notably, many of the symptoms of long COVID are typically seen with advancing age. Leveraging this similarity, we posit that Geroscience-which aims to target the biological drivers of aging to prevent age-associated conditions as a group-could offer promising therapeutic avenues for long COVID. Bearing this in mind, this review presents a translational framework for studying long COVID as a state of effectively accelerated biological aging, identifying research gaps and offering recommendations for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mary Clare Masters
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Research and Innovation Center, Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, UAE; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Sandalova E, Li H, Guan L, Raj SD, Lim TG, Tian E, Kennedy BK, Maier AB. Testing the amount of nicotinamide mononucleotide and urolithin A as compared to the label claim. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01257-2. [PMID: 38935229 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy Longevity Medicine aims to optimize health by targeting aging processes across the lifespan. Addressing accelerated aging involves adaptation of lifestyle and the use of geroprotective drugs and supplements, including nutritional supplements and bioactive compounds. The Food and Drug Administration, under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, categorizes bioactive compounds and medicinal products as dietary supplements. While numerous companies sell ingredients that can be deemed geroprotectors, there's limited oversight in their quality control. Governmental safety authorities only verify the presence of prohibited compounds, not the accuracy of ingredients listed on labels.Here, Nicotinamide mononucleotide and Urolithin A supplements, easily accessible online or in pharmacies, were tested for their active ingredient content. Results showed a significant deviation from the labeled amounts, ranging from + 28.6% to -100%. This indicates a considerable disparity in the quality of geroprotective supplements.To address this variability, collaboration between and within societies representing healthcare professionals, industry and regulatory bodies is imperative to ensure the quality of geroprotective supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sandalova
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - H Li
- Centre of Innovation, for Complementary Health Product (COI-CHP) Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Guan
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - S D Raj
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - T G Lim
- Centre of Innovation, for Complementary Health Product (COI-CHP) Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Tian
- Centre of Innovation, for Complementary Health Product (COI-CHP) Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - A B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Kane AE, Chellappa K, Schultz MB, Arnold M, Li J, Amorim J, Diener C, Zhu D, Mitchell SJ, Griffin P, Tian X, Petty C, Conway R, Walsh K, Shelerud L, Duesing C, Mueller A, Li K, McNamara M, Shima RT, Mitchell J, Bonkowski MS, de Cabo R, Gibbons SM, Wu LE, Ikeno Y, Baur JA, Rajman L, Sinclair DA. Long-term NMN treatment increases lifespan and healthspan in mice in a sex dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.599604. [PMID: 38979132 PMCID: PMC11230277 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.599604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is essential for many enzymatic reactions, including those involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair and the activity of sirtuins, a family of defensive deacylases. During aging, levels of NAD + can decrease by up to 50% in some tissues, the repletion of which provides a range of health benefits in both mice and humans. Whether or not the NAD + precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) extends lifespan in mammals is not known. Here we investigate the effect of long-term administration of NMN on the health, cancer burden, frailty and lifespan of male and female mice. Without increasing tumor counts or severity in any tissue, NMN treatment of males and females increased activity, maintained more youthful gene expression patterns, and reduced overall frailty. Reduced frailty with NMN treatment was associated with increases in levels of Anerotruncus colihominis, a gut bacterium associated with lower inflammation in mice and increased longevity in humans. NMN slowed the accumulation of adipose tissue later in life and improved metabolic health in male but not female mice, while in females but not males, NMN increased median lifespan by 8.5%, possible due to sex-specific effects of NMN on NAD + metabolism. Together, these data show that chronic NMN treatment delays frailty, alters the microbiome, improves male metabolic health, and increases female mouse lifespan, without increasing cancer burden. These results highlight the potential of NAD + boosters for treating age-related conditions and the importance of using both sexes for interventional lifespan studies.
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Benjamin C, Crews R. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation: Understanding Metabolic Variability and Clinical Implications. Metabolites 2024; 14:341. [PMID: 38921475 PMCID: PMC11205942 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in research focused on NAD+ decline and potential interventions, and despite significant progress, new discoveries continue to highlight the complexity of NAD+ biology. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a well-established NAD+ precursor, has garnered considerable interest due to its capacity to elevate NAD+ levels and induce promising health benefits in preclinical models. Clinical trials investigating NMN supplementation have yielded variable outcomes while shedding light on the intricacies of NMN metabolism and revealing the critical roles played by gut microbiota and specific cellular uptake pathways. Individual variability in factors such as lifestyle, health conditions, genetics, and gut microbiome composition likely contributes to the observed discrepancies in clinical trial results. Preliminary evidence suggests that NMN's effects may be context-dependent, varying based on a person's physiological state. Understanding these nuances is critical for definitively assessing the impact of manipulating NAD+ levels through NMN supplementation. Here, we review NMN metabolism, focusing on current knowledge, pinpointing key areas where further research is needed, and outlining future directions to advance our understanding of its potential clinical significance.
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Zhang H, Chai J, Cao C, Wang X, Pang W. Supplementing Boar Diet with Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Improves Sperm Quality Probably through the Activation of the SIRT3 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:507. [PMID: 38790612 PMCID: PMC11117624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sperm quality is an important indicator to evaluate the reproduction ability of animals. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) participates in cell energy metabolism and reduces cell oxidative stress. However, the effect and regulatory mechanism of NMN on porcine sperm quality are still unknown. Here, 32 Landrace boars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8) and fed with different levels of NMN (0, 8, 16 or 32 mg/kg/d) for 9 weeks, and then serum and semen samples of the boars were collected to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of NMN in sperm quality. The results showed that the dietary NMN supplementation significantly increased sperm volume, density and motility (p < 0.05). Interestingly, NMN apparently improved the antioxidative indexes and increased the levels of testosterone (p < 0.05) in serum. Furthermore, NMN upregulated the protein levels of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), antioxidation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), but downregulated the protein levels of apoptosis in semen. Mechanically, NMN protected sperm from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through SIRT3 deacetylation. Importantly, the SIRT3-specific inhibitor 3-TYP attenuated the antioxidation and antiapoptosis of NMN in sperm. Therefore, NMN exerts antioxidation and antiapoptosis to improve boar sperm quality via the SIRT3 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that NMN is a novel potential boar antioxidative feed additive to produce high-quality porcine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
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8
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Iqbal T, Nakagawa T. The therapeutic perspective of NAD + precursors in age-related diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 702:149590. [PMID: 38340651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is the fundamental molecule that performs numerous biological reactions and is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Studies have found that NAD+ decreases with age in certain tissues, and age-related NAD+ depletion affects physiological functions and contributes to various aging-related diseases. Supplementation of NAD+ precursor significantly elevates NAD+ levels in murine tissues, effectively mitigates metabolic syndrome, enhances cardiovascular health, protects against neurodegeneration, and boosts muscular strength. Despite the versatile therapeutic functions of NAD+ in animal studies, the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in clinical studies have been limited compared with that in the pre-clinical study. Clinical studies have demonstrated that NAD+ precursor treatment efficiently increases NAD+ levels in various tissues, though their clinical proficiency is insufficient to ameliorate the diseases. However, the latest studies regarding NAD+ precursors and their metabolism highlight the significant role of gut microbiota. The studies found that orally administered NAD+ intermediates interact with the gut microbiome. These findings provide compelling evidence for future trials to further explore the involvement of gut microbiota in NAD+ metabolism. Also, the reduced form of NAD+ precursor shows their potential to raise NAD+, though preclinical studies have yet to discover their efficacy. This review sheds light on NAD+ therapeutic efficiency in preclinical and clinical studies and the effect of the gut microbiota on NAD+ metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Iqbal
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Sun Z, Liu L, Liang H, Zhang L. Nicotinamide mononucleotide induces autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:577-588. [PMID: 38197493 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. Herein, we investigated the role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in HCC progression. HCC cells were treated with NMN (125, 250, and 500 μM), and then nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) and NADH levels in HCC cells were measured to calculate NAD+ /NADH ratio. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis were determined. AMPK was knocked down to confirm the involvement of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, tumor-inhibitory effect of NMN was investigated in xenograft models. Exposure to NMN dose-dependently increased NAD+ level and NAD+ /NADH ratio in HCC cells. After NMN treatment, cell proliferation was inhibited, whereas apoptosis was enhanced in both cell lines. Additionally, NMN dose-dependently enhanced autophagy/ferroptosis and activated AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC cells. AMPK knockdown partially rescued the effects of NMN in vitro. Furthermore, NMN treatment restrained tumor growth in nude mice, activated autophagy/ferroptosis, and promoted apoptosis and necrosis in tumor tissues. The results indicate that NMN inhibits HCC progression by inducing autophagy and ferroptosis via AMPK/mTOR signaling. NMN may serve as a promising agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhou H, Liu A, Hu M, Zheng X, Kuang W, Xie Y. A Novel HPLC Method for Quality Inspection of NRK Biosynthesized β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:241-248. [PMID: 36617938 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has a good effect on delaying aging, repairing DNA and ameliorating metabolic disease. Biosynthesis with nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) takes a large part in NMN manufacture, but there is no available NMN quality standard and analytical method at present. In this study, we developed a specific high-performance liquid chromatography method for the assessment of NMN-related substances, including NMN and its potential impurities from NRK biological production and storage. Forced degradation study was performed under acid, base, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions. The separation of related substances was achieved on an Elite Hypersil ODS column using phosphate buffer-methanol gradient at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was maintained at 260 nm. The resolutions among all related substances were better than 1.5. Significant degradation was observed in basic and thermal conditions. All related substances showed good linearity with a coefficient of determination (R2) higher than 0.999. The accuracy values of all related substances were between 91.2% and 108.6%. Therefore, the validated analytical method is appropriate for inspecting the quality of NMN in its NRK biosynthetic manufacture and storage, thus further helping to unify NMN quality standards and facilitate related studies on NMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ai Liu
- Research and Development Center, Chengdu Chuanyu Jianwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., International Bio-town No. 18, Section 2, Bio-town Middle Road, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research and Development Center, Chengdu Chuanyu Jianwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., International Bio-town No. 18, Section 2, Bio-town Middle Road, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610213, China
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Zampieri S, Bersch I, Smeriglio P, Barbieri E, Boncompagni S, Maccarone MC, Carraro U. Program with last minute abstracts of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, 27 February - 2 March, 2024 (2024Pdm3). Eur J Transl Myol 2024; 34:12346. [PMID: 38305708 PMCID: PMC11017178 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During the 2023 Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine the 2024 meeting was scheduled from 28 February to 2 March 2024 (2024Pdm3). During autumn 2023 the program was expanded with Scientific Sessions which will take place over five days (in 2024 this includes February 29), starting from the afternoon of 27 February 2024 in the Conference Rooms of the Hotel Petrarca, Thermae of Euganean Hills (Padua), Italy. As per consolidated tradition, the second day will take place in Padua, for the occasion in the Sala San Luca of the Monastery of Santa Giustina in Prato della Valle, Padua, Italy. Confirming the attractiveness of the Padua Days on Muscle and Mobility Medicine, over 100 titles were accepted until 15 December 2023 (many more than expected), forcing the organization of parallel sessions on both 1 and 2 March 2024. The five days will include lectures and oral presentations of scientists and clinicians from Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Switzerland, UK and USA. Only Australia, China, India and Japan are missing from this edition. But we are confident that authors from those countries who publish articles in the PAGEpress: European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM: 2022 ESCI Clarivate's Impact Factor: 2.2; SCOPUS Cite Score: 3.2) will decide to join us in the coming years. Together with the program established by 31 January 2024, the abstracts will circulate during the meeting only in the electronic version of the EJTM Issue 34 (1) 2024. See you soon in person at the Hotel Petrarca in Montegrotto Terme, Padua, for the inauguration scheduled the afternoon of 27 February 2024 or on-line for free via Zoom. Send us your email address if you are not traditional participants listed in Pdm3 and EJTM address books.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Armando Carraro & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
| | - Ines Bersch
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland; International FES Centre®, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil.
| | - Piera Smeriglio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris.
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU).
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti.
| | | | - Ugo Carraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Armando Carraro & Carmela Mioni-Carraro Foundation for Translational Myology, Padua.
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12
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Zhang C, Li Y, Bai F, Talifu Z, Ke H, Xu X, Li Z, Liu W, Pan Y, Gao F, Yang D, Wang X, Du H, Guo S, Gong H, Du L, Yu Y, Li J. The identification of new roles for nicotinamide mononucleotide after spinal cord injury in mice: an RNA-seq and global gene expression study. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1323566. [PMID: 38155866 PMCID: PMC10752985 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1323566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an important transforming precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Numerous studies have confirmed the neuroprotective effects of NMN in nervous system diseases. However, its role in spinal cord injury (SCI) and the molecular mechanisms involved have yet to be fully elucidated. Methods We established a moderate-to-severe model of SCI by contusion (70 kdyn) using a spinal cord impactor. The drug was administered immediately after surgery, and mice were intraperitoneally injected with either NMN (500 mg NMN/kg body weight per day) or an equivalent volume of saline for seven days. The central area of the spinal cord was harvested seven days after injury for the systematic analysis of global gene expression by RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) and finally validated using qRT-PCR. Results NMN supplementation restored NAD+ levels after SCI, promoted motor function recovery, and alleviated pain. This could potentially be associated with alterations in NAD+ dependent enzyme levels. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that NMN can inhibit inflammation and potentially regulate signaling pathways, including interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), toll-like receptor, nod-like receptor, and chemokine signaling pathways. In addition, the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the screening of core genes showed that interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF 7), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10), and other inflammationrelated factors, changed significantly after NMN treatment. qRT-PCR confirmed the inhibitory effect of NMN on inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, IRF7) and chemokines (chemokine ligand 3, Cxcl10) in mice following SCI. Conclusion The reduction of NAD+ levels after SCI can be compensated by NMN supplementation, which can significantly restore motor function and relieve pain in a mouse model. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR systematically revealed that NMN affected inflammation-related signaling pathways, including the IL-17, TNF, Toll-like receptor, NOD-like receptor and chemokine signaling pathways, by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zehui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunzhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Huayong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Freeberg KA, Udovich CC, Martens CR, Seals DR, Craighead DH. Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:2435-2448. [PMID: 37068054 PMCID: PMC10692436 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age and many disease states are associated with declines in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Preclinical studies suggest that boosting NAD+ abundance with precursor compounds, such as nicotinamide riboside or nicotinamide mononucleotide, has profound effects on physiological function in models of aging and disease. Translation of these compounds for oral supplementation in humans has been increasingly studied within the last 10 years; however, the clinical evidence that raising NAD+ concentrations can improve physiological function is unclear. The goal of this review was to synthesize the published literature on the effects of chronic oral supplementation with NAD+ precursors on healthy aging and age-related chronic diseases. We identified nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide riboside co-administered with pterostilbene, and nicotinamide mononucleotide as the most common candidates in investigations of NAD+-boosting compounds for improving physiological function in humans. Studies have been performed in generally healthy midlife and older adults, adults with cardiometabolic disease risk factors such as overweight and obesity, and numerous patient populations. Supplementation with these compounds is safe, tolerable, and can increase the abundance of NAD+ and related metabolites in multiple tissues. Dosing regimens and study durations vary greatly across interventions, and small sample sizes limit data interpretation of physiological outcomes. Limitations are identified and future research directions are suggested to further our understanding of the potential efficacy of NAD+-boosting compounds for improving physiological function and extending human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Freeberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - CeAnn C Udovich
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Yaku K, Nakagawa T. NAD + Precursors in Human Health and Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1133-1149. [PMID: 37335049 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) acts as a cofactor in many important biological processes. The administration of NAD+ precursors increases the intracellular NAD+ pool and has beneficial effects on physiological changes and diseases associated with aging in various organisms, including rodents and humans. Recent Advances: Evidence from preclinical studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors has rapidly increased in the last decade. The results of these studies have prompted the development of clinical trials using NAD+ precursors, particularly nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). In addition, in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism have rapidly progressed. Critical Issues: Several studies have demonstrated that the oral administration of NAD+ precursors, such as NR and NMN, is safe and significantly increases NAD+ levels in humans. However, the efficacy of these NAD+ precursors is lower than expected from the results of preclinical studies. In addition, the identification of the contribution of the host-gut microbiota interactions to NR and NMN metabolism has added to the complexity of NAD+ metabolism. Future Directions: Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in humans. Further in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism are required to optimize the effects of NAD+ supplementation. There is also a need for methods of delivering NAD+ precursors to target organs or tissues to increase the outcomes of clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1133-1149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science; University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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15
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Bhasin S, Seals D, Migaud M, Musi N, Baur JA. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:1047-1073. [PMID: 37364580 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled an expansive role of NAD+ in cellular energy generation, redox reactions, and as a substrate or cosubstrate in signaling pathways that regulate health span and aging. This review provides a critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacology and the preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic effects of NAD+ precursors for age-related conditions, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disorders, and discusses gaps in current knowledge. NAD+ levels decrease throughout life; age-related decline in NAD+ bioavailability has been postulated to be a contributor to many age-related diseases. Raising NAD+ levels in model organisms by administration of NAD+ precursors improves glucose and lipid metabolism; attenuates diet-induced weight gain, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and hepatic steatosis; reduces endothelial dysfunction; protects heart from ischemic injury; improves left ventricular function in models of heart failure; attenuates cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders; and increases health span. Early human studies show that NAD+ levels can be raised safely in blood and some tissues by oral NAD+ precursors and suggest benefit in preventing nonmelanotic skin cancer, modestly reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile in older adults with obesity or overweight; preventing kidney injury in at-risk patients; and suppressing inflammation in Parkinson disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical pharmacology, metabolism, and therapeutic mechanisms of NAD+ precursors remain incompletely understood. We suggest that these early findings provide the rationale for adequately powered randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of NAD+ augmentation as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Medicine, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marie Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of Southern Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Song Q, Zhou X, Xu K, Liu S, Zhu X, Yang J. The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1416-1435. [PMID: 37619764 PMCID: PMC10721522 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in human physiology is well recognized. As the NAD+ concentration in human skin, blood, liver, muscle, and brain are thought to decrease with age, finding ways to increase NAD+ status could possibly influence the aging process and associated metabolic sequelae. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor for NAD+ biosynthesis, and in vitro/in vivo studies have demonstrated that NMN supplementation increases NAD+ concentration and could mitigate aging-related disorders such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory responses. The promotion of NMN as an antiaging health supplement has gained popularity due to such findings; however, since most studies evaluating the effects of NMN have been conducted in cell or animal models, a concern remains regarding the safety and physiological effects of NMN supplementation in the human population. Nonetheless, a dozen human clinical trials with NMN supplementation are currently underway. This review summarizes the current progress of these trials and NMN/NAD+ biology to clarify the potential effects of NMN supplementation and to shed light on future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 2(nd) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Core Facility, The 4(th) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nutritional and Toxicological Science, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Research, The Affiliated Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Baichuan Y, Gomes Reis M, Tavakoli S, Khodadadi N, Sohouli MH, Sernizon Guimarães N. The effects of NAD+ precursor (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) supplementation on weight loss and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1208734. [PMID: 37854354 PMCID: PMC10579603 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1208734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several interventional studies have evaluated the potential weight-reduction effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on weight loss, adiponectin, and leptin. Methods Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the weight loss and related hormones effects of NAD+ precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. Results Twenty two treatment arms with 5,144 participants' were included in this systematic review and meta-regression analysis. The pooled findings showed that NAD+ precursor supplementation has an effect on lowering BMI (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.19 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.09, p < 0.001) and increasing adiponectin (WMD: 1.59 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.68, p = 0.004) in humans compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin. There was a significant relationship between doses of intervention with changes in BMI. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that BMI reduction was greater when receiving nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation. Conclusion NAD+ precursor had significant effects on weight management with the reduction of BMI and increasing adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Baichuan
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Marcela Gomes Reis
- Master in Health Science at Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- OPENS: Observatory of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Health Research, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais/FELUMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sogand Tavakoli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navideh Khodadadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- OPENS: Observatory of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Health Research, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais/FELUMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alegre GFS, Pastore GM. NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:445-464. [PMID: 37273100 PMCID: PMC10240123 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW NAD+ is a vital molecule that takes part as a redox cofactor in several metabolic reactions besides being used as a substrate in important cellular signaling in regulation pathways for energetic, genotoxic, and infectious stress. In stress conditions, NAD+ biosynthesis and levels decrease as well as the activity of consuming enzymes rises. Dietary precursors can promote NAD+ biosynthesis and increase intracellular levels, being a potential strategy for reversing physiological decline and preventing diseases. In this review, we will show the biochemistry and metabolism of NAD+ precursors NR (nicotinamide riboside) and NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), the latest findings on their beneficial physiological effects, their interplay with gut microbiota, and the future perspectives for research in nutrition and food science fields. RECENT FINDINGS NMN and NR demonstrated protect against diabetes, Alzheimer disease, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. They also reverse gut dysbiosis and promote beneficial effects at intestinal and extraintestinal levels. NR and NMN have been found in vegetables, meat, and milk, and microorganisms in fermented beverages can also produce them. NMN and NR can be obtained through the diet either in their free form or as metabolites derivate from the digestion of NAD+. The prospection of NR and NMN to find potential food sources and their dietary contribution in increasing NAD+ levels are still an unexplored field of research. Moreover, it could enable the development of new functional foods and processing strategies to maintain and enhance their physiological benefits, besides the studies of new raw materials for extraction and biotechnological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fabiana Soares Alegre
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds-Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo, 80-CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds-Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo, 80-CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Yamane T, Imai M, Bamba T, Uchiyama S. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) intake increases plasma NMN and insulin levels in healthy subjects. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:83-86. [PMID: 37344088 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). An increase in NAD+ concentration induces SIRT1 activation that results in various health benefits. Since nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of NAD+, NMN ingestion is expected to have multiple health benefits such as alleviation of aging, lifestyle-related and neurodegenerative diseases, through the activation of SIRT1. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of daily NMN ingestion on plasma levels of NMN and NAD+. METHODS Healthy volunteers received 250 mg of NMN once a day in the morning (n = 11) for 12 weeks, and the plasma concentrations of NMN and NAD+ were measured monthly. Physiological and laboratory tests were performed within 2 h after lunch (at 2 pm) before and during NMN administration. RESULTS Oral administration of NMN increased the plasma concentrations of NMN and NAD+, and the postprandial serum insulin levels. The elevation levels of NMN and insulin varied widely among individuals. No adverse symptoms were observed in the participants. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of NMN elevates plasma levels of NMN and NAD+, and postprandial serum insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamane
- Institute of Metabolomics, BYU-Analytica Inc., Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Momoko Imai
- Institute of Metabolomics, BYU-Analytica Inc., Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Institute of Metabolomics, BYU-Analytica Inc., Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Institute of Metabolomics, BYU-Analytica Inc., Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Pencina KM, Valderrabano R, Wipper B, Orkaby AR, Reid KF, Storer T, Lin AP, Merugumala S, Wilson L, Latham N, Ghattas-Puylara C, Ozimek NE, Cheng M, Bhargava A, Memish-Beleva Y, Lawney B, Lavu S, Swain PM, Apte RS, Sinclair DA, Livingston D, Bhasin S. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1968-1980. [PMID: 36740954 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels decline with aging and age-related decline in NAD has been postulated to contribute to age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the safety and physiologic effects of NAD augmentation by administering its precursor, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (MIB-626, Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA), in adults at risk for age-related conditions. METHODS Thirty overweight or obese adults, ≥ 45 years, were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to 2 MIB-626 tablets each containing 500 mg of microcrystalline β-nicotinamide mononucleotide or placebo twice daily for 28 days. Study outcomes included safety; NAD and its metabolome; body weight; liver, muscle, and intra-abdominal fat; insulin sensitivity; blood pressure; lipids; physical performance, and muscle bioenergetics. RESULTS Adverse events were similar between groups. MIB-626 treatment substantially increased circulating concentrations of NAD and its metabolites. Body weight (difference -1.9 [-3.3, -0.5] kg, P = .008); diastolic blood pressure (difference -7.01 [-13.44, -0.59] mmHg, P = .034); total cholesterol (difference -26.89 [-44.34, -9.44] mg/dL, P = .004), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-18.73 [-31.85, -5.60] mg/dL, P = .007), and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly more in the MIB-626 group than placebo. Changes in muscle strength, muscle fatigability, aerobic capacity, and stair-climbing power did not differ significantly between groups. Insulin sensitivity and hepatic and intra-abdominal fat did not change in either group. CONCLUSIONS MIB-626 administration in overweight or obese, middle-aged and older adults safely increased circulating NAD levels, and significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure. These data provide the rationale for larger trials to assess the efficacy of NAD augmentation in improving cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Mateusz Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rodrigo Valderrabano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Wipper
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kieran F Reid
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Storer
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sai Merugumala
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Wilson
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nancy Latham
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Ghattas-Puylara
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noelle E Ozimek
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ming Cheng
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Avantika Bhargava
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yusnie Memish-Beleva
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Siva Lavu
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
| | | | - Rajendra S Apte
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Metro International Biotech, Worcester, MA 01606, USA
- Department of Genetics, and The Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Verma P, Srivastava A, Tandon P, Shimpi MR. Insights into structural, spectroscopic, and hydrogen bonding interaction patterns of nicotinamide-oxalic acid (form I) salt by using experimental and theoretical approaches. Front Chem 2023; 11:1203278. [PMID: 37476653 PMCID: PMC10354448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1203278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, nicotinamide-oxalic acid (NIC-OXA, form I) salt was crystallized by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution. To understand the molecular structure and spectroscopic properties of NIC after co-crystallization with OXA, experimental infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopic signatures, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to characterize and validate the salt. The density functional theory (DFT) methodology was adopted to perform all theoretical calculations by using the B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) functional/basis set. The experimental geometrical parameters were matched in good correlation with the theoretical parameters of the dimer than the monomer, due to the fact of covering the nearest hydrogen bonding interactions present in the crystal structure of the salt. The IR and Raman spectra of the dimer showed the red (downward) shifting and broadening of bands among (N15-H16), (N38-H39), and (C13=O14) bonds of NIC and (C26=O24), (C3=O1), and (C26=O25) groups of OXA, hence involved in the formation of NIC-OXA salt. The atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis revealed that (N8-H9···O24) is the strongest (conventional) intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction in the dimer model of salt with the maximum value of interaction energy -12.1 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the Fock matrix showed that in the dimer model, the (N8-H9···O24) bond is responsible for the stabilization of the salt with an energy value of 13.44 kcal mol-1. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis showed that NIC-OXA (form I) salt is more reactive and less stable than NIC, as the energy gap of NIC-OXA (form I) salt is less than that of NIC. The global and local reactivity descriptor parameters were calculated for the monomer and dimer models of the salt. The electrophilic, nucleophilic, and neutral reactive sites of NIC, OXA, monomer, and dimer models of salt were visualized by plotting the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) surface. The study provides valuable insights into combining both experimental and theoretical results that could define the physicochemical properties of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Verma
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Poonam Tandon
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Manishkumar R. Shimpi
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Liu Y, Gong JS, Marshall G, Su C, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Technology and functional insights into the nicotinamide mononucleotide for human health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12612-2. [PMID: 37347262 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a naturally occurring biologically active nucleotide, mainly functions via mediating the biosynthesis of NAD+. In recent years, its excellent pharmacological activities including anti-aging, treating neurodegenerative diseases, and protecting the heart have attracted increasing attention from scholars and entrepreneurs for production of a wide range of formulations, including functional food ingredients, health care products, active pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Presently, the synthesis methods of NMN mainly include two categories: chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. With the development of biocatalyst engineering and synthetic biology strategies, bio-preparation has proven to be efficient, economical, and sustainable methods. This review summarizes the chemical synthesis and biosynthetic pathways of NMN and provides an in-depth investigation on the mining and modification of enzyme resources during NMN biosynthesis, as well as the screening of hosts and optimization of chassis cells via metabolic engineering, which provide effective strategies for efficient production of NMN. In addition, an overview of the significant physiological functions and activities of NMN is elaborated. Finally, future research on technical approaches to further enhance NMN synthesis and strengthen clinical studies of NMN are prospected, which would lay the foundation for further promoting the application of NMN in nutrition, healthy food, and medicine in the future. KEY POINTS: • NMN supplementation effectively increases the level of NAD+. • The chemical and biological synthesis of NMN are comprehensively reviewed. • The impact of NMN on the treatment of various diseases is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - George Marshall
- Seragon Biosciences, Inc., 400 Spectrum Center Drive, 16th Floor, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yixing, 214200, People's Republic of China
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23
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Nagahisa T, Kosugi S, Yamaguchi S. Interactions between Intestinal Homeostasis and NAD + Biology in Regulating Incretin Production and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061494. [PMID: 36986224 PMCID: PMC10052115 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine has garnered attention as a target organ for developing new therapies for impaired glucose tolerance. The intestine, which produces incretin hormones, is the central regulator of glucose metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production, which determines postprandial glucose levels, is regulated by intestinal homeostasis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis in major metabolic organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in obesity- and aging-associated organ derangements. Furthermore, NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in the intestines and its upstream and downstream mediators, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuins (SIRTs), respectively, are critical for intestinal homeostasis, including gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism, and GLP-1 production. Thus, boosting the intestinal AMPK-NAMPT-NAD+-SIRT pathway to improve intestinal homeostasis, GLP-1 production, and postprandial glucose metabolism has gained significant attention as a novel strategy to improve impaired glucose tolerance. Herein, we aimed to review in detail the regulatory mechanisms and importance of intestinal NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in regulating intestinal homeostasis and GLP-1 secretion in obesity and aging. Furthermore, dietary and molecular factors regulating intestinal NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis were critically explored to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for postprandial glucose dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nagahisa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kosugi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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24
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Chubanava S, Treebak JT. Regular exercise effectively protects against the aging-associated decline in skeletal muscle NAD content. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112109. [PMID: 36708750 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue integral to general health. Due to its high abundance and oxidative capacity, its metabolism is intimately linked to whole-body physiology. In the elderly population, mobility correlates positively with life expectancy and survival. Furthermore, regular physical activity is one of the most effective health-promoting interventions that delay the onset of aging-associated chronic diseases. Data from preclinical studies show that aging of various tissues is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which plays a central role in energy homeostasis. Thus, a hypothesis has emerged that normalization of its content would ameliorate the age-related decline in tissue function and therefore improve health of the elderly. This idea, along with the documented safety and high tolerability of NAD precursor supplementation, makes NAD metabolism a prospective target for anti-aging interventions. Interestingly, muscle NAD biosynthesis pathways are stimulated by exercise training, which suggests that training-induced adaptations rely on tissue NAD levels. However, while the relationship between muscle fitness and regular physical activity is well-characterized, the proposed synergy between muscle NAD replenishment and exercise training has not been established. Here, we review the published data on the role of NAD metabolism in exercise in the context of young and aged skeletal muscle and discuss the current challenges relevant to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Chubanava
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2786. [PMID: 36797393 PMCID: PMC9935856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animal studies have shown that oral administration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) prevents the reduction of NAD+ levels in organs and tissues, helping alleviate aging-related diseases. However, there are very few clinical reports of NMN supplementation in humans. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of a 12-week NMN oral supplementation on biochemical and metabolic health parameters. A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted. A total of 36 healthy middle-aged participants received one capsule of either 125 mg NMN or placebo twice a day. Among the NAD+ metabolites, the levels of nicotinamide in the serum were significantly higher in the NMN intake group than in the placebo group. Pulse wave velocity values indicating arterial stiffness tended to decrease in the NMN intake group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups. Long-term NMN supplementation at 250 mg/day was well tolerated and did not cause adverse events. NMN safely and effectively elevated NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults. Additionally, NMN supplementation showed potential in alleviating arterial stiffness.
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26
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Poljšak B, Kovač V, Špalj S, Milisav I. The Central Role of the NAD+ Molecule in the Development of Aging and the Prevention of Chronic Age-Related Diseases: Strategies for NAD+ Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032959. [PMID: 36769283 PMCID: PMC9917998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecule NAD+ is a coenzyme for enzymes catalyzing cellular redox reactions in several metabolic pathways, encompassing glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, and is a substrate for NAD+-dependent enzymes. In addition to a hydride and electron transfer in redox reactions, NAD+ is a substrate for sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases and even moderate decreases in its cellular concentrations modify signaling of NAD+-consuming enzymes. Age-related reduction in cellular NAD+ concentrations results in metabolic and aging-associated disorders, while the consequences of increased NAD+ production or decreased degradation seem beneficial. This article reviews the NAD+ molecule in the development of aging and the prevention of chronic age-related diseases and discusses the strategies of NAD+ modulation for healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stjepan Špalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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27
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Sharma A, Chabloz S, Lapides RA, Roider E, Ewald CY. Potential Synergistic Supplementation of NAD+ Promoting Compounds as a Strategy for Increasing Healthspan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020445. [PMID: 36678315 PMCID: PMC9861325 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted biological function, manifesting through the hallmarks of aging, poses one of the largest threats to healthspan and risk of disease development, such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and neurodegeneration. In recent years, numerous geroprotectors, senolytics, and other nutraceuticals have emerged as potential disruptors of aging and may be viable interventions in the immediate state of human longevity science. In this review, we focus on the decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) with age and the supplementation of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), in combination with other geroprotective compounds, to restore NAD+ levels present in youth. Furthermore, these geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NMN supplementation while concurrently providing their own numerous health benefits. By analyzing the prevention of NAD+ degradation through the inhibition of CD38 or supporting protective downstream agents of SIRT1, we provide a potential framework of the CD38/NAD+/SIRT1 axis through which geroprotectors may enhance the efficacy of NAD+ precursor supplementation and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, thereby potentiating healthspan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arastu Sharma
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- AVEA Life AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebecca A. Lapides
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Elisabeth Roider
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Maximon AG, Bahnhofplatz, 6300 Zug, Switzerland
| | - Collin Y. Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zürich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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28
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Akasaka H, Nakagami H, Sugimoto K, Yasunobe Y, Minami T, Fujimoto T, Yamamoto K, Hara C, Shiraki A, Nishida K, Asano K, Kanou M, Yamana K, Imai SI, Rakugi H. Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance: A prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23:38-43. [PMID: 36443648 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regulates various biological processes. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increases its intracellular levels and counteracts age-associated changes in animal models. We investigated the safety and efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance. METHOD We carried out a 24-week placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of male patients with diabetes aged ≥65 years with reduced grip strength (<26 kg) or walking speed (<1.0 m/s). The primary end-points were to determine the safety of NMN oral administration (250 mg/day), and changes in grip strength and walking speed. The secondary end-points were to determine the changes in various exploratory indicators. RESULTS We studied 14 participants aged 81.1 ± 6.4 years. NMN was tolerable without any severe adverse events. The changes in grip strength and walking speed showed no difference between the two groups: 1.25 kg (95% confidence interval -2.31 to 4.81) and 0.033 m/s (-0.021 to 0.087) in the NMN group, and -0.44 kg (-4.15 to 3.26) and 0.014 m/s (-0.16 to -0.13) in the placebo group, respectively. There were no significant differences in any exploratory indicators between the two groups. However, improved prevalence of frailty in the NMN group (P = 0.066) and different changes in central retinal thickness between the two groups (P = 0.051) was observed. CONCLUSION In older male patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance, NMN supplementation for 24 weeks was safe, but did not improve grip strength and walking speed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 38-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Minami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Chikako Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kento Asano
- Academic Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kanou
- Nutraceutical Group, Division of New Business in Healthcare Business, Teijin Ltd, Chiyoda, Japan
- NOMON Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamana
- NOMON Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Management Coordinator for the President Healthcare Business of Teijin Group, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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29
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Loss in Physical Activity in Mice. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010108. [PMID: 36611902 PMCID: PMC9818647 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is a widely used antineoplastic drug with limited clinical application due to its deleterious dose-related side effects. We investigated whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could protect against Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity and physical dysfunction in vivo. To assess the short- and long-term toxicity, two Doxo regimens were tested, acute and chronic. In the acute study, C57BL6/J (B6) mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) once with Doxo (20 mg/kg) and NMN (180 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered daily for five days before and after the Doxo injection. In the chronic study, B6 mice received a cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg Doxo administered in fractionated doses for five days. NMN (500 mg/kg/day) was supplied in the mice's drinking water beginning five days before the first injection of Doxo and continuing for 60 days after. We found that NMN significantly increased tissue levels of NAD+ and its metabolites and improved survival and bodyweight loss in both experimental models. In addition, NMN protected against Doxo-induced cardiotoxicity and loss of physical function in acute and chronic studies, respectively. In the heart, NMN prevented Doxo-induced transcriptomic changes related to mitochondrial function, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and p53, and promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body pathways. Overall, our results suggest that NMN could prevent Doxo-induced toxicity in heart and skeletal muscle.
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30
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Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R, Lin Z, Vaidya A, Pendse S, Thasma S, Andhalkar N, Avhad G, Kumbhar V. The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. GeroScience 2022; 45:29-43. [PMID: 36482258 PMCID: PMC9735188 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal studies, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation increases nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations and improves healthspan and lifespan with great safety. However, it is unclear if these effects can be transferred to humans. This randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial included 80 middle-aged healthy adults being randomized for a 60-day clinical trial with once daily oral dosing of placebo, 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN. The primary objective was to evaluate blood NAD concentration with dose-dependent regimens. The secondary objectives were to assess the safety and tolerability of NMN supplementation, next to the evaluation of clinical efficacy by measuring physical performance (six-minute walking test), blood biological age (Aging.Ai 3.0 calculator), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and subjective general health assessment [36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36)]. Statistical analysis was performed using the Per Protocol analysis with significant level set at p = 0.05. All 80 participants completed the trial without trial protocol violation. Blood NAD concentrations were statistically significantly increased among all NMN-treated groups at day 30 and day 60 when compared to both placebo and baseline (all p ≤ 0.001). Blood NAD concentrations were highest in the groups taking 600 mg and 900 mg NMN. No safety issues, based on monitoring adverse events (AEs), laboratory and clinical measures, were found, and NMN supplementation was well tolerated. Walking distance increase during the six-minute walking test was statistically significantly higher in the 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg groups compared to placebo at both days 30 and 60 (all p < 0.01), with longest walking distances measured in the 600 mg and 900 mg groups. The blood biological age increased significantly in the placebo group and stayed unchanged in all NMN-treated groups at day 60, which resulted in a significant difference between the treated groups and placebo (all p < 0.05). The HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant differences for all NMN-treated groups as compared to placebo at day 60. The change of SF-36 scores at day 30 and day 60 indicated statistically significantly better health of all three treated groups when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05), except for the SF-36 score change in the 300 mg group at day 30. NMN supplementation increases blood NAD concentrations and is safe and well tolerated with oral dosing up to 900 mg NMN daily. Clinical efficacy expressed by blood NAD concentration and physical performance reaches highest at a dose of 600 mg daily oral intake. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04823260, and Clinical Trial Registry - India, CTRI/2021/03/032421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yi
- Abinopharm, Inc, 3 Enterprise Drive, Suite 407, Shelton, CT, 06484, USA.
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore ,grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Rongsheng Tao
- Huzhou Yihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 1366 Hong Feng Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Lin
- ABA Chemicals Corporation, 67 Libing Road, Building 4, Zhangjian Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aditi Vaidya
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Sohal Pendse
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Sornaraja Thasma
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Niranjan Andhalkar
- grid.513192.dProRelix Services LLP, 102 A/B, Park Plaza, Karve Road, Karve Nagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411052 India
| | - Ganesh Avhad
- Lotus Healthcare & Aesthetics Clinic, 5 Bramha Chambers, 2010 Sadashivpeth, Tilak Road, Pune, Maharashtra India
| | - Vidyadhar Kumbhar
- Sunad Ayurved, Siddhivinayak Apart, Jeevan Nagar, Maharashtra 411033 Chinchwad, Pune, India
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31
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Igarashi M, Nakagawa-Nagahama Y, Miura M, Kashiwabara K, Yaku K, Sawada M, Sekine R, Fukamizu Y, Sato T, Sakurai T, Sato J, Ino K, Kubota N, Nakagawa T, Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T. Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:5. [PMID: 35927255 PMCID: PMC9158788 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPreclinical studies have revealed that the elevation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) upon the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD + precursor, can mitigate aging-related disorders; however, human data on this are limited. We investigated whether the chronic oral supplementation of NMN can elevate blood NAD + levels and alter physiological dysfunctions in healthy older participants. We administered 250 mg NMN per day to aged men for 6 or 12 weeks in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Chronic NMN supplementation was well tolerated and caused no significant deleterious effect. Metabolomic analysis of whole blood samples demonstrated that oral NMN supplementation significantly increased the NAD + and NAD + metabolite concentrations. There were nominally significant improvements in gait speed and performance in the left grip test, which should be validated in larger studies; however, NMN exerted no significant effect on body composition. Therefore, chronic oral NMN supplementation can be an efficient NAD + booster for preventing aging-related muscle dysfunctions in humans.
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Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:374. [PMID: 36336680 PMCID: PMC9637765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.
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Barker FJ, Hart A, Sayer AA, Witham MD. Effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors on measures of physical performance and physical frailty: A systematic review. JCSM CLINICAL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crt2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fred J. Barker
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Ashley Hart
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Miles D. Witham
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Fukamizu Y, Uchida Y, Shigekawa A, Sato T, Kosaka H, Sakurai T. Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14442. [PMID: 36002548 PMCID: PMC9400576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the intracellular level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme for metabolic activity, causes various age-related diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have shown that increasing certain NAD+ levels in cell or tissue by supplementing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD+, alleviates age-related diseases and metabolic disorders. In recent years, several clinical trials have been performed to elucidate NMN efficacy in humans. However, previous clinical studies with NMN have not reported on the safety of repeated daily oral administration of ≥ 1000 mg/shot in healthy adult men and women, and human clinical trials on NMN safety are limited. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of 1250 mg of β-NMN administered orally once daily for up to 4 weeks in 31 healthy adult men and women aged 20–65 years. Oral administration of β-NMN did not result in changes exceeding physiological variations in multiple clinical trials, including anthropometry, hematological, biochemical, urine, and body composition analyses. Moreover, no severe adverse events were observed during the study period. Our results indicate that β-NMN is safe and well-tolerated in healthy adult men and women an oral dose of 1250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: UMIN000043084. Registered 21/01/2021. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049188.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Fukamizu
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Akari Shigekawa
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Kosaka
- Takaishi Fujii Hospital, 1-14-25 Ayazono, Takaishi-shi, Ōsaka, 592-0014, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan.
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35
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Poljšak B, Kovač V, Milisav I. Current Uncertainties and Future Challenges Regarding NAD+ Boosting Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091637. [PMID: 36139711 PMCID: PMC9495723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), modulators of enzymes of the NAD+ biosynthesis pathways and inhibitors of NAD+ consuming enzymes, are the main boosters of NAD+. Increasing public awareness and interest in anti-ageing strategies and health-promoting lifestyles have grown the interest in the use of NAD+ boosters as dietary supplements, both in scientific circles and among the general population. Here, we discuss the current trends in NAD+ precursor usage as well as the uncertainties in dosage, timing, safety, and side effects. There are many unknowns regarding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, particularly bioavailability, metabolism, and tissue specificity of NAD+ boosters. Given the lack of long-term safety studies, there is a need for more clinical trials to determine the proper dose of NAD+ boosters and treatment duration for aging prevention and as disease therapy. Further research will also need to address the long-term consequences of increased NAD+ and the best approaches and combinations to increase NAD+ levels. The answers to the above questions will contribute to the more efficient and safer use of NAD+ boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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36
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Wei Y, Giunta S, Xia S. Hypoxia in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8165. [PMID: 35897741 PMCID: PMC9330578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global aging process continues to lengthen, aging-related diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure) continue to plague the elderly population. Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple tissues and organs and is involved in the development and progression of multiple aging-related diseases. At the same time, some of these aging-related diseases are often accompanied by hypoxia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and the increased secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Hypoxia seems to play an important role in the process of inflammation and aging, but is often neglected in advanced clinical research studies. Therefore, we have attempted to elucidate the role played by different degrees and types of hypoxia in aging and aging-related diseases and their possible pathways, and propose rational treatment options based on such mechanisms for reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Sergio Giunta
- Casa di Cura Prof. Nobili–GHC Garofalo Health Care, 40035 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
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37
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Cros C, Margier M, Cannelle H, Charmetant J, Hulo N, Laganier L, Grozio A, Canault M. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Triggers Macrophages Reprogramming and Alleviates Inflammation During Sepsis Induced by Experimental Peritonitis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895028. [PMID: 35832733 PMCID: PMC9271973 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis and subsequent sepsis lead to high morbidity and mortality in response to uncontrolled systemic inflammation primarily mediated by macrophages. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important regulator of oxidative stress and immunoinflammatory responses. However, the effects of NAD+ replenishment during inflammatory activation are still poorly defined. Hence, we investigated whether the administration of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN), a natural biosynthetic precursor of NAD+, could modulate the macrophage phenotype and thereby ameliorate the dysregulated inflammatory response during sepsis. For this purpose, C57BL6 mice were subjected to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model to provoke sepsis or were injected with thioglycolate to induce sterile peritonitis with recruitment and differentiation of macrophages into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. β-NMN was administered for 4 days after CLP and for 3 days post thioglycolate treatment where peritoneal macrophages were subsequently analyzed. In the CLP model, administration of β-NMN decreased bacterial load in blood and reduced clinical signs of distress and mortality during sepsis. These results were supported by transcriptomic analysis of hearts and lungs 24 h post CLP-induction, which revealed that β-NMN downregulated genes controlling the immuno-inflammatory response and upregulated genes involved in bioenergetic metabolism, mitochondria, and autophagy. In the thioglycolate model, a significant increase in the proportion of CD206 macrophages, marker of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, was detected on peritoneal exudate macrophages from β-NMN-administered mice. Transcriptomic signature of these macrophages after bacterial stimulation confirmed that β-NMN administration limited the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and induced the expression of specific markers of M2 type macrophages. Furthermore, our data show that β-NMN treatment significantly impacts NAD + metabolism. This shift in the macrophage phenotype and metabolism was accompanied by a reduction in phagolysosome acidification and secretion of inflammatory mediators in macrophages from β-NMN-treated mice suggesting a reduced pro-inflammatory activation. In conclusion, administration of β-NMN prevented clinical deterioration and improved survival during sepsis. These effects relied on shifts in the metabolism of organs that face up an increased energy requirement caused by bacterial infection and in innate immunity response, including reprogramming of macrophages from a highly inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Grozio
- Nuvamid SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Alessia Grozio,
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38
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Soma M, Lalam SK. The role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in anti-aging, longevity, and its potential for treating chronic conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9737-9748. [PMID: 35441939 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis and regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has recently gained a lot of attention. A systemic decline in NAD+ across many tissues is associated with all the hallmarks of aging. NAD+ can affect a variety of cellular processes, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and immune cell activity, both directly and indirectly. These cellular processes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis, but as people get older, their tissue and cellular NAD+ levels decrease, and this drop in NAD+ levels has been connected to a number of age-related disorders. By restoring NAD+ levels, several of these age-related disorders can be delayed or even reversed. Some of the new studies conducted in mice and humans have targeted the NAD+ metabolism with NAD+ intermediates. Of these, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been shown to offer great therapeutic potential with promising results in age-related chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, cognitive impairment, and many others. Further, human interventions are required to study the long-term effects of supplementing NMN with varying doses. The paper focuses on reviewing the importance of NAD+ on human aging and survival, biosynthesis of NAD+ from its precursors, key clinical trial findings, and the role of NMN on various health conditions.
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39
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Okabe K, Yaku K, Uchida Y, Fukamizu Y, Sato T, Sakurai T, Tobe K, Nakagawa T. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868640. [PMID: 35479740 PMCID: PMC9036060 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NNM) is an orally bioavailable NAD+ precursor that has demonstrated beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases in animal models. NMN is ultimately converted to NAD+, a redox cofactor that mediates many metabolic enzymes. NAD+ also serves as the substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and sirtuins, and regulates various biological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and stress responses. Previous mouse models showed that NMN administration can increase NAD+ in various organs and ameliorate aging-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and Alzheimer's disease through NAD+-mediated pathways. However, evidence of its effect on humans is still scarce. In this study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind, parallel-group trial to investigate the safety of orally administered NMN and its efficacy to increase NAD+ levels in thirty healthy subjects. Healthy volunteers received 250 mg/day of NMN (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) for 12 weeks, and physiological and laboratory tests were performed during this period. In addition, NAD+ and its related metabolites in whole blood were examined. Oral supplementation of NMN for 12 weeks caused no abnormalities in physiological and laboratory tests, and no obvious adverse effects were observed. NAD+ levels in whole blood were significantly increased after NMN administration. We also observed the significant rise in nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) levels, but not in NMN. We also found that the increased amount of NAD+ was strongly correlated with pulse rate before the administration of NMN. These results suggest that oral administration of NMN is a safe and practical strategy to boost NAD+ levels in humans. Clinical Trial Registration: JRCT [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/], identifier: [jRCTs041200034].
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fukamizu
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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40
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Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040755. [PMID: 35215405 PMCID: PMC8877443 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deteriorating sleep quality and physical or mental fatigue in older adults leads to decreased quality of life and increased mortality rates. This study investigated the effects of the time-dependent intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance in older adults. This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated 108 participants divided into four groups (NMN_AM; antemeridian, NMN_PM; post meridian, Placebo_AM, Placebo_PM). NMN (250 mg) or placebo was administered once a day for 12 weeks. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Fatigue was evaluated using the “Jikaku-sho shirabe” questionnaire. Grip strength, 5-times sit-to-stand (5-STS), timed up and go, and 5-m habitual walk were evaluated to assess the physical performance. Significant interactions were observed between 5-STS and drowsiness. 5-STS of all groups on post-intervention and drowsiness of the NMN_PM and Placebo_PM groups on mid- and post-intervention showed significant improvement compared with those in pre-intervention. The NMN_PM group demonstrated the largest effect size for 5-STS (d = 0.72) and drowsiness (d = 0.64). Overall, NMN intake in the afternoon effectively improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness in older adults. These findings suggest the potential of NMN in preventing loss of physical performance and improving fatigue in older adults.
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41
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Campelj D, Philp A. NAD + Therapeutics and Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Exercise in Humans. Sports Med 2022; 52:91-99. [PMID: 36331703 PMCID: PMC9734213 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital energy intermediate in skeletal muscle. The discovery of dietary-derived NAD+ precursors has led to the rapid development of NAD+ therapeutics designed to manipulate NAD+ content in target tissues. Of those developed, nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide have been reported to display health benefit in humans under clinical scenarios of NAD+ deficiency. In contrast, relatively little is known regarding the potential benefit of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy individuals, with questions remaining as to whether NAD+ therapeutics can be used to support training adaptation or improve performance in athletic populations. Examining animal and human nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies, this review discusses current evidence suggesting that NAD+ therapeutics do not alter skeletal muscle metabolism or improve athletic performance in healthy humans. Further, we will highlight potential reasons why nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies do not translate to healthy populations and discuss the futility of testing NAD+ therapeutics outside of the clinical populations where NAD+ deficiency is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Campelj
- grid.248902.50000 0004 0444 7512Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia ,grid.248902.50000 0004 0444 7512Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- grid.248902.50000 0004 0444 7512Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia ,grid.248902.50000 0004 0444 7512Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
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42
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Turner J, Licollari A, Mihalcea E, Tan A. Safety Evaluation for Restorin® NMN, a NAD+ Precursor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749727. [PMID: 34867355 PMCID: PMC8632654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is an abundant molecule in the body and vital to all living cells. NAD+ levels decline with age, and this decline correlates with age-related diseases. Therefore, sustaining NAD+ levels offers potential benefits to healthspan and longevity. Here we conducted toxicity studies to evaluate the safety of Restorin® NMN, a high purity form of the direct NAD+ precursor, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Based on the preliminary toxicity study and a 14-days repeated dose toxicity study at a higher dose level exposure, Restorin® NMN was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 91 days followed by a 14-days recovery period. The oral doses of 500, 1,000, and 2000 mg/kg/day were compared. There were no test item-related findings that could be considered adverse events in animals dosed at 500 mg/kg/day. The findings in the Restorin® NMN high dose group (2000 mg/kg/day) were similar to the reference item (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) dosed at 1740 mg/kg/day: reduced body weight, reductions in body weight gains, and diminished food consumption. In conclusion, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) for Restorin® NMN is 1,000 mg/kg/day in female rats and 500 mg/kg/day in male rats, and the Low-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) for Resotrin® NMN is 2000 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Turner
- US Scientific Corp, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Albert Licollari
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil Mihalcea
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aimin Tan
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
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43
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Rotllan N, Camacho M, Tondo M, Diarte-Añazco EMG, Canyelles M, Méndez-Lara KA, Benitez S, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F, Julve J. Therapeutic Potential of Emerging NAD+-Increasing Strategies for Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34943043 PMCID: PMC8750485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Aging and/or metabolic stress directly impact the cardiovascular system. Over the last few years, the contributions of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism to aging and other pathological conditions closely related to cardiovascular diseases have been intensively investigated. NAD+ bioavailability decreases with age and cardiometabolic conditions in several mammalian tissues. Compelling data suggest that declining tissue NAD+ is commonly related to mitochondrial dysfunction and might be considered as a therapeutic target. Thus, NAD+ replenishment by either genetic or natural dietary NAD+-increasing strategies has been recently demonstrated to be effective for improving the pathophysiology of cardiac and vascular health in different experimental models, as well as human health, to a lesser extent. Here, we review and discuss recent experimental evidence illustrating that increasing NAD+ bioavailability, particularly by the use of natural NAD+ precursors, may offer hope for new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M. G. Diarte-Añazco
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Karen Alejandra Méndez-Lara
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de Recerca i d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.R.); (M.C.); (E.M.G.D.-A.); (M.C.); (K.A.M.-L.); (S.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.A.); (D.M.)
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Blanco-Vaca F, Rotllan N, Canyelles M, Mauricio D, Escolà-Gil JC, Julve J. NAD+-Increasing Strategies to Improve Cardiometabolic Health? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:815565. [PMID: 35173682 PMCID: PMC8842632 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.815565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Depleted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a common hallmark of metabolic disorders. Therefore, NAD+-increasing strategies have evolved as a potential therapeutic venue to combat cardiometabolic diseases. Several forms of vitamin B3, i.e., nicotinamide and nicotinamide mononucleotide, and especially nicotinamide riboside, have attracted most interest as potentially safe and efficacious candidates for NAD+ restoration. Herein, we dissected the characteristics of the latest clinical trials testing the therapeutic potential of different vitamin B3 molecules to improve cardiometabolic health, with a special focus on randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials performed in the context of obesity or other pathologies, mainly linked to cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle functionality. The favorable outcomes via NAD+-increasing strategies found in the different studies were quite heterogeneous. NAD+-increasing interventions improved capacity to exercise, decreased blood pressure, increased the anti-inflammatory profile and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and reduced the fat-free mass. Except for the decreased blood pressure, the significant results did not include many hard clinical end points, such as decreases in weight, BMI, fasting glucose, or HbA1c percentage. However, the analyzed trials were short-term interventions. Overall, the accumulated clinical data can be interpreted as moderately promising. Additional and long-term studies will be needed to directly compare the doses and duration of treatments among different vitamin B3 regimes, as well as to define the type of patients, if any, that could benefit from these treatments. In this context, a major point of advancement in delineating future clinical trials would be to identify subjects with a recognized NAD+ deficiency using novel, appropriate biomarkers. Also, confirmation of gender-specific effect of NAD+-increasing treatments would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Canyelles
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Endocrinologia i Nutrició, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau i Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Josep Julve,
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