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Iino S, Oya S, Kakutani T, Kohno H, Kubo T. Identification of ecdysone receptor target genes in the worker honey bee brains during foraging behavior. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10491. [PMID: 37380789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecdysone signaling plays central roles in morphogenesis and female ovarian development in holometabolous insects. In the European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), however, ecdysone receptor (EcR) is expressed in the brains of adult workers, which have already undergone metamorphosis and are sterile with shrunken ovaries, during foraging behavior. Aiming at unveiling the significance of EcR signaling in the worker brain, we performed chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing of EcR to search for its target genes using the brains of nurse bees and foragers. The majority of the EcR targets were common between the nurse bee and forager brains and some of them were known ecdysone signaling-related genes. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that some EcR target genes were upregulated in forager brains during foraging behavior and some were implicated in the repression of metabolic processes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that EcR and its target genes were expressed mostly in neurons and partly in glial cells in the optic lobes of the forager brain. These findings suggest that in addition to its role during development, EcR transcriptionally represses metabolic processes during foraging behavior in the adult worker honey bee brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoyo Oya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Kakutani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kohno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Progranulin Deficiency Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration with TDP-43 Inclusions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030581. [PMID: 36978829 PMCID: PMC10044829 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in GRN gene, which encodes progranulin (PGRN), cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). FTLD-TDP is one of the most common forms of early onset dementia, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have investigated whether mitochondrial alterations could also contribute to the pathogenesis of PGRN deficiency-associated FTLD-TDP. Our results showed that PGRN deficiency induced mitochondrial depolarization, increased ROS production and lowered ATP levels in GRN KD SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, lymphoblasts from FTLD-TDP patients carrying a LOF mutation in the GRN gene (c.709-1G > A) also demonstrated mitochondrial depolarization and lower ATP levels. Such mitochondrial damage increased mitochondrial fission to remove dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy. Interestingly, PGRN-deficient cells showed elevated mitochondrial mass together with autophagy dysfunction, implying that PGRN deficiency induced the accumulation of damaged mitochondria by blocking its degradation in the lysosomes. Importantly, the treatment with two brain-penetrant CK-1δ inhibitors (IGS-2.7 and IGS-3.27), known for preventing the phosphorylation and cytosolic accumulation of TDP-43, rescued mitochondrial function in PGRN-deficient cells. Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial function is impaired in FTLD-TDP associated with LOF GRN mutations and that the TDP-43 pathology linked to PGRN deficiency might be a key mechanism contributing to such mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, our results point to the use of drugs targeting TDP-43 pathology as a promising therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function in FTLD-TDP and other TDP-43-related diseases.
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Kim J, Kim HS, Choi JP, Kim MS, Woo S, Kim Y, Jo Y, Yum S, Bhak J. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Butter Clam Saxidomus purpuratus. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6650251. [PMID: 35881514 PMCID: PMC9337622 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide the first whole-genome sequence of the purple butter clam (Saxidomus purpuratus), an economically important bivalve shellfish. Specifically, we sequenced and de novo assembled the genome of Sa. purpuratus based on PromethION long reads and Hi-C data. The 978-Mb genome of Sa. purpuratus comprises 19 chromosomes with 36,591 predicted protein-coding genes. The N50 length of Sa. purpuratus genome is 52 Mb, showing the highest continuous assembly among bivalve genomes. The Benchmarking by Universal Single-Copy Orthologs assessment indicated that 95.07% of complete metazoan universal single-copy orthologs (n = 954) were present in the assembly. Approximately 51% of Sa. purpuratus genome comprises repetitive sequences. Based on the high-quality Sa. purpuratus genome, we resolved half of the immune-associated genes, namely, scavenger receptor (SR) proteins, which are collinear to those in the closely related Cyclina sinensis genome. This finding suggested a high degree of conservation among immune-associated genes. Twenty-two (19%) SR proteins are tandemly duplicated in Sa. purpuratus genome, suggesting putative convergence evolution. Overall, Sa. purpuratus genome provides a new resource for the discovery of economically important traits and immune-response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Cheongju 28190, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Su Kim
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil Choi
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Cheongju 28190, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Cheongju 28190, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonock Woo
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49 111, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghye Kim
- Fisheries Resources Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Jo
- Ecological Risk Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungshic Yum
- Ecological Risk Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.,KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Cheongju 28190, Republic of Korea.,Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Xu B, Li Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Xu J, Liu H, Xuan A. Mettl3-mediated m 6 A modification of Lrp2 facilitates neurogenesis through Ythdc2 and elicits antidepressant-like effects. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22392. [PMID: 35716070 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200133rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant mRNA modification affecting diverse biological processes. However, the functions and precise mechanisms of m6 A signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenesis-related depression remain largely enigmatic. We found that depletion of Mettl3 or Mettl14 in neural stem cells (NSCs) dramatically reduced m6 A abundance, proliferation, and neuronal genesis, coupled with enhanced glial differentiation. Conversely, overexpressing Mettl3 promoted proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, the m6 A modification of Lrp2 mRNA by Mettl3 enhanced its stability and translation efficiency relying on the reader protein Ythdc2, which in turn promoted neurogenesis. Importantly, mice lacking Mettl3 manifested reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, which could contribute to spatial memory decline, and depression-like behaviors. We found that these defective behaviors were notably reversed by Lrp2 overexpression. Moreover, Mettl3 overexpression in the hippocampus of depressive mice rescues behavioral defects. Our findings uncover the biological role of m6 A modification in Lrp2-mediated neurogenesis via m6 A-binding protein Ythdc2, and propose a rationale that targeting Mettl3-Ythdc2-Lrp2 axis regulation of neurogenesis might serve as a promising antidepressant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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Flores-Cordero JA, Pérez-Pérez A, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Alba G, Flores-Barragán A, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Leptin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5202. [PMID: 35563589 PMCID: PMC9099768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue that increases in obesity and has central actions not only at the hypothalamic level but also in other regions and nuclei of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These regions express the long form of leptin receptor LepRb, which is the unique leptin receptor capable of transmitting complete leptin signaling, and are the first regions to be affected by chronic neurocognitive deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In this review, we discuss different leptin resistance mechanisms that could be implicated in increasing the risk of developing AD, as leptin resistance is frequently associated with obesity, which is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and obesity is considered a risk factor for AD. Key players of leptin resistance are SOCS3, PTP1B, and TCPTP whose signalling is related to inflammation and could be worsened in AD. However, some data are controversial, and it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the AD-causing pathological processes and how altered leptin signalling affects such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Av. Sánchez Pizjuan 4, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.F.-C.); (A.P.-P.); (C.J.-C.); (G.A.); (A.F.-B.)
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6
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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7
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Taban Q, Mumtaz PT, Masoodi KZ, Haq E, Ahmad SM. Scavenger receptors in host defense: from functional aspects to mode of action. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:2. [PMID: 34980167 PMCID: PMC8721182 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors belong to a superfamily of proteins that are structurally heterogeneous and encompass the miscellaneous group of transmembrane proteins and soluble secretory extracellular domain. They are functionally diverse as they are involved in various disorders and biological pathways and their major function in innate immunity and homeostasis. Numerous scavenger receptors have been discovered so far and are apportioned in various classes (A-L). Scavenger receptors are documented as pattern recognition receptors and known to act in coordination with other co-receptors such as Toll-like receptors in generating the immune responses against a repertoire of ligands such as microbial pathogens, non-self, intracellular and modified self-molecules through various diverse mechanisms like adhesion, endocytosis and phagocytosis etc. Unlike, most of the scavenger receptors discussed below have both membrane and soluble forms that participate in scavenging; the role of a potential scavenging receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 has also been discussed whereby only its soluble form might participate in preventing the pathogen entry and replication, unlike its membrane-bound form. This review majorly gives an insight on the functional aspect of scavenger receptors in host defence and describes their mode of action extensively in various immune pathways involved with each receptor type. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar Taban
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, Shuhama, 190006, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Khalid Z Masoodi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Transcriptomics Laboratory, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, India
| | - Ehtishamul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Kashmir, Shuhama, 190006, India.
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Sodhi K, Pratt R, Wang X, Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Zehra M, Wang J, Grover L, Henderson B, Denvir J, Liu J, Pierre S, Nelson T, Shapiro JI. Role of adipocyte Na,K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. iScience 2021; 24:103262. [PMID: 34755095 PMCID: PMC8564125 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a western diet may contribute to clinical neurodegeneration and dementia. Adipocyte-specific expression of the Na,K-ATPase signaling antagonist, NaKtide, ameliorates the pathophysiological consequences of murine experimental obesity and renal failure. In this study, we found that a western diet produced systemic oxidant stress along with evidence of activation of Na,K-ATPase signaling within both murine brain and peripheral tissues. We also noted this diet caused increases in circulating inflammatory cytokines as well as behavioral, and brain biochemical changes consistent with neurodegeneration. Adipocyte specific NaKtide affected by a doxycycline on/off expression system ameliorated all of these diet effects. These data suggest that a western diet produces cognitive decline and neurodegeneration through augmented Na,K-ATPase signaling and that antagonism of this pathway in adipocytes ameliorates the pathophysiology. If this observation is confirmed in humans, the adipocyte Na,K-ATPase may serve as a clinical target in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Rebecca Pratt
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Sneha S. Pillai
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Mishghan Zehra
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Lawrence Grover
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Brandon Henderson
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Sandrine Pierre
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Thomas Nelson
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Christians A, Weiss AC, Martens H, Klopf MG, Hennies I, Haffner D, Kispert A, Weber RG. Inflammation-like changes in the urothelium of Lifr-deficient mice and LIFR-haploinsufficient humans with urinary tract anomalies. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1192-1204. [PMID: 32179912 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. While the genetic aberrations underlying CAKUT pathogenesis are increasingly being elucidated, their consequences on a cellular and molecular level commonly remain unclear. Recently, we reported rare heterozygous deleterious LIFR variants in 3.3% of CAKUT patients, including a novel de novo frameshift variant, identified by whole-exome sequencing, in a patient with severe bilateral CAKUT. We also demonstrated CAKUT phenotypes in Lifr-/- and Lifr+/- mice, including a narrowed ureteric lumen due to muscular hypertrophy and a thickened urothelium. Here, we show that both in the ureter and bladder of Lifr-/- and Lifr+/- embryos, differentiation of the three urothelial cell types (basal, intermediate and superficial cells) occurs normally but that the turnover of superficial cells is elevated due to increased proliferation, enhanced differentiation from their progenitor cells (intermediate cells) and, importantly, shedding into the ureteric lumen. Microarray-based analysis of genome-wide transcriptional changes in Lifr-/- versus Lifr+/+ ureters identified gene networks associated with an antimicrobial inflammatory response. Finally, in a reverse phenotyping effort, significantly more superficial cells were detected in the urine of CAKUT patients with versus without LIFR variants indicating conserved LIFR-dependent urinary tract changes in the murine and human context. Our data suggest that LIFR signaling is required in the epithelium of the urinary tract to suppress an antimicrobial response under homeostatic conditions and that genetically induced inflammation-like changes underlie CAKUT pathogenesis in Lifr deficiency and LIFR haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Christians
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Martens
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Georg Klopf
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Imke Hennies
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruthild G Weber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Sandin ES, Folberth J, Müller-Fielitz H, Pietrzik CU, Herold E, Willnow TE, Pfluger PT, Nogueiras R, Prevot V, Krey T, Schwaninger M. Is LRP2 Involved in Leptin Transport over the Blood-Brain Barrier and Development of Obesity? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094998. [PMID: 34066779 PMCID: PMC8125945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the transport of leptin into the brain are still largely unclear. While the leptin receptor has been implicated in the transport process, recent evidence has suggested an additional role of LRP2 (megalin). To evaluate the function of LRP2 for leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a novel leptin-luciferase fusion protein (pLG), which stimulated leptin signaling and was transported in an in vitro BBB model based on porcine endothelial cells. The LRP inhibitor RAP did not affect leptin transport, arguing against a role of LRP2. In line with this, the selective deletion of LRP2 in brain endothelial cells and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus did not influence bodyweight, body composition, food intake, or energy expenditure of mice. These findings suggest that LRP2 at the BBB is not involved in the transport of leptin into the brain, nor in the development of obesity as has previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S. Sandin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Julica Folberth
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Claus U. Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Herold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas E. Willnow
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Paul T. Pfluger
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, CHU Lille, University Lille, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.H.); (T.K.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-3101-7200
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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12
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Gomes JR, Lobo A, Nogueira R, Terceiro AF, Costelha S, Lopes IM, Magalhães A, Summavielle T, Saraiva MJ. Neuronal megalin mediates synaptic plasticity-a novel mechanism underlying intellectual disabilities in megalin gene pathologies. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa135. [PMID: 33225275 PMCID: PMC7667529 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Donnai-Barrow syndrome, a genetic disorder associated to LRP2 (low-density lipoprotein receptor 2/megalin) mutations, is characterized by unexplained neurological symptoms and intellectual deficits. Megalin is a multifunctional endocytic clearance cell-surface receptor, mostly described in epithelial cells. This receptor is also expressed in the CNS, mainly in neurons, being involved in neurite outgrowth and neuroprotective mechanisms. Yet, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of megalin in the CNS are poorly understood. Using transthyretin knockout mice, a megalin ligand, we found that transthyretin positively regulates neuronal megalin levels in different CNS areas, particularly in the hippocampus. Transthyretin is even able to rescue megalin downregulation in transthyretin knockout hippocampal neuronal cultures, in a positive feedback mechanism via megalin. Importantly, transthyretin activates a regulated intracellular proteolysis mechanism of neuronal megalin, producing an intracellular domain, which is translocated to the nucleus, unveiling megalin C-terminal as a potential transcription factor, able to regulate gene expression. We unveil that neuronal megalin reduction affects physiological neuronal activity, leading to decreased neurite number, length and branching, and increasing neuronal susceptibility to a toxic insult. Finally, we unravel a new unexpected role of megalin in synaptic plasticity, by promoting the formation and maturation of dendritic spines, and contributing for the establishment of active synapses, both in in vitro and in vivo hippocampal neurons. Moreover, these structural and synaptic roles of megalin impact on learning and memory mechanisms, since megalin heterozygous mice show hippocampal-related memory and learning deficits in several behaviour tests. Altogether, we unveil a complete novel role of megalin in the physiological neuronal activity, mainly in synaptic plasticity with impact in learning and memory. Importantly, we contribute to disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive and intellectual disabilities related to megalin gene pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Gomes
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lobo
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Nogueira
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F Terceiro
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susete Costelha
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Igor M Lopes
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Addiction Biology Group, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Saraiva
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IBMC- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Ardid-Ruiz A, Harazin A, Barna L, Walter FR, Bladé C, Suárez M, Deli MA, Aragonès G. The effects of Vitis vinifera L. phenolic compounds on a blood-brain barrier culture model: Expression of leptin receptors and protection against cytokine-induced damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112253. [PMID: 31562952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal properties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are well known since ancient times. Ethnobotanical grape preparations, like the Ayurvedic Darakchasava are used as cardiotonic and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Dried grape products are also applied in Iranian traditional medicine for memory problems, which are linked to the pathology of brain microvessels, a special part of the cardiovascular system. The anti-inflammatory and protective effects of these traditional preparations on the cardiovascular system are related to their bioactive phenolic compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY The blood-brain barrier (BBB), formed by brain capillaries, is not only involved in inflammatory and other diseases of the central nervous system, but also in many systemic diseases with an inflammatory component. Dietary obesity is a systemic chronic inflammatory condition in which the peripheral and central vascular system is affected. Among the cerebrovascular changes in obesity defective leptin transport across the BBB related to central leptin resistance is observed. Our aim was to study the protective effects of grape phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), gallic acid (GA) and resveratrol (RSV) and grape-seed proanthocyanidin-rich extract (GSPE) on a cytokine-induced vascular endothelial inflammation model. Using a culture model of the BBB we investigated cytokine-induced endothelial damage and changes in the expression of leptin receptors and leptin transfer. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the BBB model, primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells, glial cells and pericytes were used in co-culture. Cells were treated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) (10 ng/ml each) to induce damage. Cell toxicity was evaluated by the measurement of impedance. The expression of leptin receptors was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected by fluorescent probes. RESULTS GSPE (10 μg/ml), EC (10 μM), GA (1 μM) or RSV (10 μM) did not change the viability of brain endothelial cells. The gene expression of the short leptin receptor isoform, Ob-Ra, was up-regulated by GSPE, EC and RSV, while the mRNA levels of Lrp2 and clusterin, clu/ApoJ were not affected. The tested compounds did not change the expression of the long leptin receptor isoform, Ob-Rb. RSV protected against the cytokine-induced increase in albumin permeability of the BBB model. GSPE and EC exerted an antioxidant effect and GSPE increased NO both alone and in the presence of cytokines. The cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB was blocked by GSPE, GA and RSV. Cytokines increased the mRNA expression of Lrp2 which was inhibited by EC. RSV increased Ob-Ra and Clu in the presence of cytokines. Cytokines elevated leptin transfer across the BBB model, which was not modified by GSPE or RSV. CONCLUSION Our results obtained on cell culture models confirm that natural grape compounds protect vascular endothelial cells against inflammatory damage in accordance with the ethnopharmacological use of grape preparations in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, grape compounds and GSPE, by exerting a beneficial effect on the BBB, may also be considered in the treatment of obesity after validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - András Harazin
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Barna
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Maria A Deli
- Biological Barriers Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Bartolome F, Antequera D, de la Cueva M, Rubio-Fernandez M, Castro N, Pascual C, Camins A, Carro E. Endothelial-specific deficiency of megalin in the brain protects mice against high-fat diet challenge. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:22. [PMID: 31937343 PMCID: PMC6961312 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing risk of obesity and diabetes among other metabolic disorders are the consequence of shifts in dietary patterns with high caloric-content food intake. We previously reported that megalin regulates energy homeostasis using blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial megalin-deficient (EMD) mice, since these animals developed obesity and metabolic syndrome upon normal chow diet administration. Obesity in mid-life appears to be related to greater dementia risk and represents an increasing global health issue. We demonstrated that EMD phenotype induced impaired learning ability and recognition memory, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, reduced neurogenesis, and mitochondrial deregulation associated with higher mitochondrial mass in cortical tissues. METHODS EMD mice were subjected to normal chow and high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks and metabolic changes were evaluated. RESULTS Surprisingly, BBB megalin deficiency protected against HFD-induced obesity improving glucose tolerance and preventing hepatic steatosis. Compared to wild type (wt), the brain cortex in EMD mice showed increased levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a thermogenic protein involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. This agreed with the previously found increased mitochondrial mass in the transgenic mice. Upon HFD challenge, we demonstrated these two proteins were found elevated in wt mice but reported no changes over the already increased levels in EMD animals. CONCLUSION We propose a protective role for megalin on diet-induce obesity, suggesting this could be related to metabolic disturbances found in dementia through brain endocrine system communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolome
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena de la Cueva
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Rubio-Fernandez
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Castro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pascual
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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16
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Spanier JA, Nashold FE, Nelson CD, Praska CE, Hayes CE. Vitamin D 3-mediated resistance to a multiple sclerosis model disease depends on myeloid cell 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 synthesis and correlates with increased CD4 + T cell CTLA-4 expression. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 338:577105. [PMID: 31731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation is the earliest biomarker of the inflammatory processes that cause central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis. We hypothesized that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) production by activated microglia and macrophages in the CNS inhibits these inflammatory processes. To test this hypothesis, we targeted the Cyp27b1 gene specifically in myeloid cells, then analyzed the influence of disrupted myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis on vitamin D3-mediated resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis was essential for vitamin D3-mediated EAE resistance. Increased CTLA-4 expression in the CNS-infiltrating CD4+ Tconv and Treg cells and decreased splenic B cell CD86 expression correlated with resistance. These new data provide solid support for the view that vitamin D3 reduces MS risk in part through a mechanism involving myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 production and CTLA-4 upregulation in CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. We suggest that CTLA-4 serves as a vitamin D3-regulated immunological checkpoint in multiple sclerosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Spanier
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Faye E Nashold
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colleen E Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Forny-Germano L, De Felice FG, Vieira MNDN. The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1027. [PMID: 30692905 PMCID: PMC6340072 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between adipose tissue and central nervous system (CNS) underlies the increased risk of obese people to develop brain diseases such as cognitive and mood disorders. Detailed mechanisms for how peripheral changes caused by adipose tissue accumulation in obesity impact the CNS to cause brain dysfunction are poorly understood. Adipokines are a large group of substances secreted by the white adipose tissue to regulate a wide range of homeostatic processes including, but not limited to, energy metabolism and immunity. Obesity is characterized by a generalized change in the levels of circulating adipokines due to abnormal accumulation and dysfunction of adipose tissue. Altered adipokine levels underlie complications of obesity as well as the increased risk for the development of obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the literature for the role of adipokines as key mediators of the communication between periphery and CNS in health and disease. We will focus on the actions of leptin and adiponectin, two of the most abundant and well studied adipokines, in the brain, with particular emphasis on how altered signaling of these adipokines in obesity may lead to cognitive dysfunction and augmented risk for Alzheimer's disease. A better understanding of adipokine biology in brain disorders may prove of major relevance to diagnostic, prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Forny-Germano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The hypothalamus is the central neural site governing food intake and energy expenditure. During the past 25 years, understanding of the hypothalamic cell types, hormones, and circuitry involved in the regulation of energy metabolism has dramatically increased. It is now well established that the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, acts upon two distinct groups of hypothalamic neurons that comprise opposing arms of the central melanocortin system. These two cell populations are anorexigenic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neurons that express agouti-related peptide (AGRP). Several important studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress significantly impact these hypothalamic neuronal populations that regulate global energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen species and redox homeostasis are influenced by selenoproteins, an essential class of proteins that incorporate selenium co-translationally in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine. Levels of these proteins are regulated by dietary selenium intake and they are widely expressed in the brain. Of additional relevance, selenium supplementation has been linked to metabolic alterations in both animal and human studies. Recent evidence also indicates that hypothalamic selenoproteins are significant modulators of energy metabolism in both neurons and tanycytes, a population of glial-like cells lining the floor of the 3rd ventricle within the hypothalamus. This review article will summarize current understanding of the regulatory influence of redox status on hypothalamic nutrient sensing and highlight recent work revealing the importance of selenoproteins in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Daniel J Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Marla J Berry
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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19
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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20
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Di Spiezio A, Sandin ES, Dore R, Müller-Fielitz H, Storck SE, Bernau M, Mier W, Oster H, Jöhren O, Pietrzik CU, Lehnert H, Schwaninger M. The LepR-mediated leptin transport across brain barriers controls food reward. Mol Metab 2018; 8:13-22. [PMID: 29254602 PMCID: PMC5985039 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin is a key hormone in the control of appetite and body weight. Predominantly produced by white adipose tissue, it acts on the brain to inhibit homeostatic feeding and food reward. Leptin has free access to circumventricular organs, such as the median eminence, but entry into other brain centers is restricted by the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. So far, it is unknown for which of its central effects leptin has to penetrate brain barriers. In addition, the mechanisms mediating the transport across barriers are unclear although high expression in brain barriers suggests an important role of the leptin receptor (LepR). METHODS We selectively deleted LepR in brain endothelial and epithelial cells of mice (LepRbeKO). The expression of LepR in fenestrated vessels of the periphery and the median eminence as well as in tanycytes was not affected. RESULTS Perfusion studies showed that leptin uptake by the brain depended on LepR in brain barriers. When being fed with a rewarding high-fat diet LepRbeKO mice gained more body weight than controls. The aggravated obesity of LepRbeKO mice was due to hyperphagia and a higher sensitivity to food reward. CONCLUSIONS The LepR-mediated transport of leptin across brain barriers in endothelial cells lining microvessels and in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus controls food reward but is apparently not involved in homeostatic control of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Spiezio
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elvira Sonia Sandin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Riccardo Dore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen E Storck
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Bernau
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Radiochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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21
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PrabhuDas MR, Baldwin CL, Bollyky PL, Bowdish DME, Drickamer K, Febbraio M, Herz J, Kobzik L, Krieger M, Loike J, McVicker B, Means TK, Moestrup SK, Post SR, Sawamura T, Silverstein S, Speth RC, Telfer JC, Thiele GM, Wang XY, Wright SD, El Khoury J. A Consensus Definitive Classification of Scavenger Receptors and Their Roles in Health and Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3775-3789. [PMID: 28483986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of proteins that are structurally diverse and participate in a wide range of biological functions. These receptors are expressed predominantly by myeloid cells and recognize a diverse variety of ligands including endogenous and modified host-derived molecules and microbial pathogens. There are currently eight classes of scavenger receptors, many of which have multiple names, leading to inconsistencies and confusion in the literature. To address this problem, a workshop was organized by the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, to help develop a clear definition of scavenger receptors and a standardized nomenclature based on that definition. Fifteen experts in the scavenger receptor field attended the workshop and, after extensive discussion, reached a consensus regarding the definition of scavenger receptors and a proposed scavenger receptor nomenclature. Scavenger receptors were defined as cell surface receptors that typically bind multiple ligands and promote the removal of nonself or altered-self targets. They often function by mechanisms that include endocytosis, phagocytosis, adhesion, and signaling that ultimately lead to the elimination of degraded or harmful substances. Based on this definition, nomenclature and classification of these receptors into 10 classes were proposed. This classification was discussed at three national meetings and input from participants at these meetings was requested. The following manuscript is a consensus statement that combines the recommendations of the initial workshop and incorporates the input received from the participants at the three national meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy R PrabhuDas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852;
| | - Cynthia L Baldwin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, M.G. DeGroote Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kurt Drickamer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.,Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Monty Krieger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - John Loike
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Benita McVicker
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105
| | - Terry K Means
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Soren K Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steven R Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, Research Institute, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Samuel Silverstein
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Robert C Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
| | - Janice C Telfer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Samuel D Wright
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics, CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA 19406; and
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Infectious Disease Division, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
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Guillemot-Legris O, Muccioli GG. Obesity-Induced Neuroinflammation: Beyond the Hypothalamus. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:237-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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