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Tanaka M, Sokabe M, Asai M. Progesterone Receptor Agonist, Nestorone, Exerts Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects Against Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Adult and Aged Male Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01288-z. [PMID: 39172309 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is currently the most effective medicine for stroke; however, it has a narrow therapeutic time window (4.5 h after symptom onset). We demonstrated that nestorone, a progesterone (P4) receptor agonist, exerted neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia 6 h post-ischemic administration in adult male rats. This study examines its effects on permanent focal cerebral ischemia in adult and aged male rats, which are better models for evaluating treatment outcomes in typical stroke patients. Adult (6-month-old) or aged (18-month-old) male rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were continuously administered nestorone (10µg/day) or its vehicle (30% hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) for 7 days via an osmotic pump subcutaneously implanted, starting at 18 h post-pMCAO. Nestorone-treated adult male rats showed marked improvements in behavioral outcomes in the adhesive removal and rotarod tests and a significant reduction in infarct size compared to vehicle-treated rats 9 and 30 days post-pMCAO. The same administration of nestorone resulted in apparently comparable neuroprotective effects in aged male rats. The inflammatory mediator NF-κB/p65 was increased in Iba-1 positive cells 24 h post-pMCAO, but was significantly suppressed by subcutaneous injection of nestorone. These results suggested that nestorone exerts long-term neuroprotective effects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia in adult and aged male rats. Nestorone is thus a promising agent for post-stroke treatment owing to its wide age-independent therapeutic time window (18 h after symptom onset), which is longer than that of tPA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Tanaka
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kagiya-Cho, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Human Information Systems Laboratories, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa, 924-0838, Japan
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kagiya-Cho, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
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Tiwari S, Basnet N, Choi JW. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Plays a Pathogenic Role in Permanent Brain Ischemic Stroke by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Responses. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:319-328. [PMID: 38627097 PMCID: PMC11063482 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2024.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) plays a critical role in brain injury following a transient brain ischemic stroke. However, its role in permanent brain ischemic stroke remains unknown. To address this, we investigated whether LPA1 could contribute to brain injury of mice challenged by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). A selective LPA1 antagonist (AM152) was used as a pharmacological tool for this investigation. When AM152 was given to pMCAO-challenged mice one hour after occlusion, pMCAO-induced brain damage such as brain infarction, functional neurological deficits, apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption was significantly attenuated. Histological analyses demonstrated that AM152 administration attenuated microglial activation and proliferation in injured brain after pMCAO challenge. AM152 administration also attenuated abnormal neuroinflammatory responses by decreasing expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the injured brain. As underlying effector pathways, NF-κB, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNKs), and PI3K/Akt were found to be involved in LPA1-dependent pathogenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that LPA1 can contribute to brain injury by permanent ischemic stroke, along with relevant pathogenic events in an injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikita Basnet
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Siva Venkatesh IP, Majumdar A, Basu A. Prophylactic Administration of Gut Microbiome Metabolites Abrogated Microglial Activation and Subsequent Neuroinflammation in an Experimental Model of Japanese Encephalitis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1712-1727. [PMID: 38581382 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolic derivatives produced during the fermentation of ingested complex carbohydrates. SCFAs have been widely regarded to have a potent anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective role and have implications in several disease conditions, such as, inflammatory bowel disease, type-2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is associated with life threatening neuro-inflammation and neurological sequelae in infected hosts. In this study, we hypothesize that SCFAs have potential in mitigating JEV pathogenesis. Postnatal day 10 BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with either a SCFA mixture (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) or PBS for a period of 7 days, followed by JEV infection. All mice were observed for onset and progression of symptoms. The brain tissue was collected upon reaching terminal illness for further analysis. SCFA-supplemented JEV-infected mice (SCFA + JEV) showed a delayed onset of symptoms, lower hindlimb clasping score, and decreased weight loss and increased survival by 3 days (p < 0.0001) upon infection as opposed to the PBS-treated JEV-infected animals (JEV). Significant downregulation of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IFN-Υ in the SCFA + JEV group relative to the JEV-infected control group was observed. Inflammatory mediators, phospho-NF-kB (P-NF-kB) and iba1, showed 2.08 ± 0.1 and 3.132 ± 0.43-fold upregulation in JEV versus 1.19 ± 0.11 and 1.31 ± 0.11-fold in the SCFA + JEV group, respectively. Tissue section analysis exhibited reduced glial activation (JEV group─42 ± 2.15 microglia/ROI; SCFA + JEV group─27.07 ± 1.8 microglia/ROI) in animals that received SCFA supplementation prior to infection as seen from the astrocytic and microglial morphometric analysis. Caspase-3 immunoblotting showed 4.08 ± 1.3-fold upregulation in JEV as compared to 1.03 ± 0.14-fold in the SCFA + JEV group and TUNEL assay showed a reduced cellular death post-JEV infection (JEV-6.4 ± 1.5 cells/ROI and SCFA + JEV-3.7 ± 0.73 cells/ROI). Our study critically contributes to the increasing evidence in support of SCFAs as an anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective agent, we further expand its scope as a potential supplementary intervention in JEV-mediated neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases/microbiology
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/drug therapy
- Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/microbiology
- Encephalitis, Japanese/prevention & control
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/therapeutic use
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/drug effects
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/immunology
- Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese/pathogenicity
- Survival Analysis
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/prevention & control
- Humans
- Female
- Animals
- Mice
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/virology
- Viral Load/drug effects
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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Anilkumar S, Wright-Jin E. NF-κB as an Inducible Regulator of Inflammation in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:485. [PMID: 38534329 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB (nuclear factor K-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) transcription factor family is critical for modulating the immune proinflammatory response throughout the body. During the resting state, inactive NF-κB is sequestered by IκB in the cytoplasm. The proteasomal degradation of IκB activates NF-κB, mediating its translocation into the nucleus to act as a nuclear transcription factor in the upregulation of proinflammatory genes. Stimuli that initiate NF-κB activation are diverse but are canonically attributed to proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Downstream effects of NF-κB are cell type-specific and, in the majority of cases, result in the activation of pro-inflammatory cascades. Acting as the primary immune responders of the central nervous system, microglia exhibit upregulation of NF-κB upon activation in response to pathological conditions. Under such circumstances, microglial crosstalk with other cell types in the central nervous system can induce cell death, further exacerbating the disease pathology. In this review, we will emphasize the role of NF-κB in triggering neuroinflammation mediated by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Anilkumar
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wright-Jin
- Neonatal Brain Injury Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Tian X, Yang W, Jiang W, Zhang Z, Liu J, Tu H. Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies Microglial Annexin A2 as a Key Mediator of NF-κB Pro-inflammatory Signaling in Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100723. [PMID: 38253182 PMCID: PMC10879806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Restoring the cerebral circulation following a period of occlusion and subsequent tissue oxygenation leads to reperfusion injury. Cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury triggers immune and inflammatory responses, apoptosis, neuronal damage, and even death. However, the cellular function and molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral I/R-induced neuronal injury are incompletely understood. By integrating proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and transcriptomic profiling in mouse hippocampi after cerebral I/R, we revealed that the differentially expressed genes and proteins mainly fall into several immune inflammatory response-related pathways. We identified that Annexin 2 (Anxa2) was exclusively upregulated in microglial cells in response to cerebral I/R in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. RNA-seq analysis revealed a critical role of Anxa2 in the expression of inflammation-related genes in microglia via the NF-κB signaling. Mechanistically, microglial Anxa2 is required for nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and its transcriptional activity upon OGD/R in BV2 microglial cells. Anxa2 knockdown inhibited the OGD/R-induced microglia activation and markedly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, conditional medium derived from Anxa2-depleted BV2 cell cultures with OGD/R treatment alleviated neuronal death in vitro. Altogether, our findings revealed that microglia Anxa2 plays a critical role in I/R injury by regulating NF-κB inflammatory responses in a non-cell-autonomous manner, which might be a potential target for the neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijun Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Jayanti S, Vitek L, Verde CD, Llido JP, Sukowati C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38254662 PMCID: PMC10813662 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial physiological process of heme breakdown yields biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) as byproducts. BV, BR, and the enzymes involved in their production (the "yellow players-YP") are increasingly documented as endogenous modulators of human health. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin concentration has been correlated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory diseases, especially in the elderly. BR and BV per se have been demonstrated to protect against neurodegenerative diseases, in which heme oxygenase (HMOX), the main enzyme in the production of pigments, is almost always altered. HMOX upregulation has been interpreted as a tentative defense against the ongoing pathologic mechanisms. With the demonstration that multiple cells possess YP, their propensity to be modulated, and their broad spectrum of activity on multiple signaling pathways, the YP have assumed the role of an adjustable system that can promote health in adults. Based on that, there is an ongoing effort to induce their activity as a therapeutic option, and natural compounds are an attractive alternative to the goal, possibly requiring only minimal changes in the life style. We review the most recent evidence of the potential of natural compounds in targeting the YP in the context of the most common pathologic condition of adult and elderly life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - John Paul Llido
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
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Quan H, Zhang R. Microglia dynamic response and phenotype heterogeneity in neural regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1320271. [PMID: 38094292 PMCID: PMC10716326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury poses a significant threat to the neural niche within the central nervous system. In response to this pathological process, microglia, as innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo rapid morphological, molecular and functional changes. Here, we comprehensively review these dynamic changes in microglial response to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury under pathological conditions, including stroke, chronic intermittent hypoxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We focus on the regulation of signaling pathways under hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and further describe the process of microenvironment remodeling and neural tissue regeneration mediated by microglia after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Victor S, Forbes B, Greenough A, Edwards AD. PPAR Gamma Receptor: A Novel Target to Improve Morbidity in Preterm Babies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1530. [PMID: 38004396 PMCID: PMC10675178 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, three-quarters of a million babies are born extremely preterm (<28 weeks gestation) with devastating outcomes: 20% die in the newborn period, a further 35% develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and 10% suffer from cerebral palsy. Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) agonist, may reduce the incidence of BPD and improve neurodevelopment in extreme preterm babies. Pioglitazone exerts an anti-inflammatory action mediated through Nuclear Factor-kappa B repression. PPARγ signalling is underactive in preterm babies as adiponectin remains low during the neonatal period. In newborn animal models, pioglitazone has been shown to be protective against BPD, necrotising enterocolitis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of PPARγ are associated with inhibited preterm brain development and impaired neurodevelopment. Pioglitazone was well tolerated by the foetus in reproductive toxicology experiments. Bladder cancer, bone fractures, and macular oedema, seen rarely in adults, may be avoided with a short treatment course. The other effects of pioglitazone, including improved glycaemic control and lipid metabolism, may provide added benefit in the context of prematurity. Currently, there is no formulation of pioglitazone suitable for administration to preterm babies. A liquid formulation of pioglitazone needs to be developed before clinical trials. The potential benefits are likely to outweigh any anticipated safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Victor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK;
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, Floor 4, Golden Jubilee Wing, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, Brixton, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - A. David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK;
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Buga AM, Padureanu V, Riza AL, Oancea CN, Albu CV, Nica AD. The Gut-Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1872. [PMID: 37508537 PMCID: PMC10378521 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut-brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between multiple factors leads to increased intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting a different picture in vivo from that obtained under controlled conditions. Following an evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should be validated in clinical trials with cohorts large enough to reach significance. Our review summarizes existing clinical trials focused on identifying suitable interventions, the suitable combinations, and appropriate timings to target microbiota-related oxidative stress. Most studies assessed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS); only a few studies with very limited cohorts were carried out in other MS stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS-SPMS). Future trials must consider an extended time frame, perhaps starting with the perinatal period and lasting until the young adult period, aiming to capture as many complex intersystem interactions as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Nica
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Gaspar-Silva F, Trigo D, Magalhaes J. Ageing in the brain: mechanisms and rejuvenating strategies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:190. [PMID: 37354261 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the progressive loss of cellular homeostasis, leading to an overall decline of the organism's fitness. In the brain, ageing is highly associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. With the rise in life expectancy, characterizing the brain ageing process becomes fundamental for developing therapeutic interventions against the increased incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and to aim for an increase in human life span and, more importantly, health span. In this review, we start by introducing the molecular/cellular hallmarks associated with brain ageing and their impact on brain cell populations. Subsequently, we assess emerging evidence on how systemic ageing translates into brain ageing. Finally, we revisit the mainstream and the novel rejuvenating strategies, discussing the most successful ones in delaying brain ageing and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Gaspar-Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Trigo
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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Aoki Y, Dai H, Furuta F, Akamatsu T, Oshima T, Takahashi N, Goto YI, Oka A, Itoh M. LOX-1 mediates inflammatory activation of microglial cells through the p38-MAPK/NF-κB pathways under hypoxic-ischemic conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:126. [PMID: 37268943 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial cells play an important role in the immune system in the brain. Activated microglial cells are not only injurious but also neuroprotective. We confirmed marked lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in microglial cells in pathological lesions in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (nHIE) model brain. LOX-1 is known to be an activator of cytokines and chemokines through intracellular pathways. Here, we investigated a novel role of LOX-1 and the molecular mechanism of LOX-1 gene transcription microglial cells under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. METHODS We isolated primary rat microglial cells from 3-day-old rat brains and confirmed that the isolated cells showed more than 98% Iba-1 positivity with immunocytochemistry. We treated primary rat microglial cells with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) as an in vitro model of nHIE. Then, we evaluated the expression levels of LOX-1, cytokines and chemokines in cells treated with or without siRNA and inhibitors compared with those of cells that did not receive OGD-treatment. To confirm transcription factor binding to the OLR-1 gene promoter under the OGD conditions, we performed a luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we analyzed reactive oxygen species and cell viability. RESULTS We found that defects in oxygen and nutrition induced LOX-1 expression and led to the production of inflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; the chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CCL3; and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Then, the LOX-1 signal transduction pathway was blocked by inhibitors, LOX-1 siRNA, the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators. We found that NF-κB and HIF-1α bind to the promoter region of the OLR-1 gene. Based on the results of the luciferase reporter assay, NF-κB has strong transcriptional activity. Moreover, we demonstrated that LOX-1 in microglial cells was autonomously overexpressed by positive feedback of the intracellular LOX-1 pathway. CONCLUSION The hypoxic/ischemic conditions of microglial cells induced LOX-1 expression and activated the immune system. LOX-1 and its related molecules or chemicals may be major therapeutic candidates. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Aoki
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake-cho Kihara 5200, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumika Furuta
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Akamatsu
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Oshima
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
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Li HJ, Li DQ, Zhang YL, Ding XF, Gao HT, Zhu Y, Liu J, Zhang LX, Chen J, Chen G, Yu Y. Modulation of gut microbiota alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting M1 polarization of microglia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123387. [PMID: 37229259 PMCID: PMC10203402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota affects the gut-brain axis; hence, the modulation of the microbiota has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the role and mechanism of the gut microbiota in regulating microglial polarization during CIRI remain poorly understood. Herein, using a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model, we evaluated changes in the gut microbiota after CIRI and the potential effects of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) on the brain. Rats underwent either MCAO/R or sham surgery, and then they received FMT (started 3 days later; continued for 10 days). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, neurological outcome scale, and Fluoro-Jade C staining showed that MCAO/R induced cerebral infarction, neurological deficits, and neuronal degeneration. In addition, immunohistochemistry or real-time PCR assay showed increased expression levels of M1-macrophage markers-TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS-in the rats following MCAO/R. Our finding suggests that microglial M1 polarization is involved in CIRI. 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data revealed an imbalance in the gut microbiota of MCAO/R animals. In contrast, FMT reversed this MCAO/R-induced imbalance in the gut microbiota and ameliorated nerve injury. In addition, FMT prevented the upregulation in the ERK and NF-κB pathways, which reversed the M2-to-M1 microglial shift 10 days after MCAO/R injury in rats. Our primary data showed that the modulation of the gut microbiota can attenuate CIRI in rats by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization through the ERK and NF-κB pathways. However, an understanding of the underlying mechanism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Tao Gao
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Laboratory Department, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Zhuang X, Jin K, Li J, Yin Y, Dong X, Lin H. A radiomics-based study of deep medullary veins in infants: Evaluation of neonatal brain injury with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy via susceptibility-weighted imaging. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1093499. [PMID: 36733926 PMCID: PMC9887113 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1093499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The deep medullary veins (DMVs) can be evaluated using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). This study aimed to apply radiomic analysis of the DMVs to evaluate brain injury in neonatal patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using SWI. Methods This study included brain magnetic resonance imaging of 190 infants with HIE and 89 controls. All neonates were born at full-term (37+ weeks gestation). To include the DMVs in the regions of interest, manual drawings were performed. A Rad-score was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify the optimal radiomic features. Nomograms were constructed by combining the Rad-score with a clinically independent factor. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to evaluate the performance of the different models. Clinical utility was evaluated using a decision curve analysis. Results The combined nomogram model incorporating the Rad-score and clinical independent predictors, was better in predicting HIE (in the training cohort, the area under the curve was 0.97, and in the validation cohort, it was 0.95) and the neurologic outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic (in the training cohort, the area under the curve was 0.91, and in the validation cohort, it was 0.88). Conclusion Based on radiomic signatures and clinical indicators, we developed a combined nomogram model for evaluating neonatal brain injury associated with perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamei Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ke Jin,
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Diagnosis, General Electric (GE) Healthcare, Changsha, China
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14
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Zhuang X, Lin H, Li J, Yin Y, Dong X, Jin K. Radiomics based of deep medullary veins on susceptibility-weighted imaging in infants: predicting the severity of brain injury of neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:9. [PMID: 36609425 PMCID: PMC9817267 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00954-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to apply radiomics analysis of the change of deep medullary veins (DMV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and to distinguish mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from moderate-to-severe HIE in neonates. METHODS A total of 190 neonates with HIE (24 mild HIE and 166 moderate-to-severe HIE) were included in this study. All of them were born at 37 gestational weeks or later. The DMVs were manually included in the regions of interest (ROI). For the purpose of identifying optimal radiomics features and to construct Rad-scores, 1316 features were extracted. LASSO regression was used to identify the optimal radiomics features. Using the Red-score and the clinical independent factor, a nomogram was constructed. In order to evaluate the performance of the different models, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was implemented to evaluate the clinical utility. RESULTS A total of 15 potential predictors were selected and contributed to Red-score construction. Compared with the radiomics model, the nomogram combined model incorporating Red-score and urea nitrogen did not better distinguish between the mild HIE and moderate-to-severe HIE group. For the training cohort, the AUC of the radiomics model and the combined nomogram model was 0.84 and 0.84. For the validation cohort, the AUC of the radiomics model and the combined nomogram model was 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. The addition of clinical characteristics to the nomogram failed to distinguish mild HIE from moderate-to-severe HIE group. CONCLUSION We developed a radiomics model and combined nomogram model as an indicator to distinguish mild HIE from moderate-to-severe HIE group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamei Zhuang
- grid.440223.30000 0004 1772 5147Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Huashan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Diagnosis, GE Healthcare, Changsha, 410005 China
| | - Junwei Li
- grid.440223.30000 0004 1772 5147Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yin
- grid.440223.30000 0004 1772 5147Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- grid.440223.30000 0004 1772 5147Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Jin
- grid.440223.30000 0004 1772 5147Department of Radiology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
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15
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Tsuboi Y, Ito A, Otsuka T, Murakami H, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Habilitation Improves Mouse Gait Development Following Neonatal Brain Injury. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220061. [PMID: 36479304 PMCID: PMC9706041 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonatal brain injury during gait development disrupts neural circuits and causes permanent gait dysfunction. Rehabilitation as an intervention to improve impaired gait function has been used in adults as a treatment for stroke and spinal cord injury. However, although neonates have greater neuroplasticity and regenerative capacity than adults, normal gait development and the effects of habilitation on gait function following neonatal brain injury are largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we generated cryogenic injury in mice at postnatal day 2 and subsequently performed habilitative training to promote autonomous limb movement for 4 weeks. We also quantitatively analyzed the gait acquisition process in developing mice using the Catwalk XT system. RESULTS Using quantitative gait analyses, we showed that during normal gait development in mice, stance phase function matures later than swing phase function. We also demonstrated that habilitation in which active limb movements were enhanced by suspending mice with a rubber band with no floor grounding promotes motor learning, including gait function, in mice with impaired acquisition of gait function resulting from neonatal brain injury. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a basis for research on gait development in mice and suggest new habilitation strategies for patients with impaired gait development caused by perinatal brain diseases such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and periventricular leukomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tsuboi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology,
Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology,
Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University
Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology,
Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National
Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology,
Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences,
Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National
Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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Koshal P, Matera I, Abruzzese V, Ostuni A, Bisaccia F. The Crosstalk between HepG2 and HMC-III Cells: In Vitro Modulation of Gene Expression with Conditioned Media. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214443. [PMID: 36430920 PMCID: PMC9696318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have postulated an inverse correlation between developing cancer and neurodegeneration. It is known that the secretome plays a vital role in cell-cell communication in health and disease; the microglia is the resident macrophage of the central nervous system which maintains neuronal integrity by adapting as the microenvironment changes. The present study aimed to identify, in a cell model, biomarkers that link neurodegenerative diseases to cancer or vice versa. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to characterize the effects on gene and protein expression of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) and human microglia (HMC-III) cells after exchanging part of their conditioned medium. Biomarkers of the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitophagy and inflammatory processes were evaluated. In both cell types, we observed the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms against any potential pro-oxidant or pro-inflammatory signals present in secretomes. In contrast, HepG2 but not HMC-III cells seem to trigger autophagic processes following treatment with conditioned medium of microglia, thus suggesting a cell-specific adaptive response.
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17
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Xu B, Li M, Cheng T, Xia J, Deng X, Hou J. Resolvin D1 protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy in mice by inhibiting neuro-inflammation induced by microglia. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6737-6750. [PMID: 36247289 PMCID: PMC9556482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuro-inflammation induced by microglia is crucial in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The endogenous lipid mediator, Resolvin D1 (RvD1), which is synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid, has been extensively reported to attenuate inflammation in various diseases by its anti-inflammation and pro-resolving functions. However, the effect of RvD1 on SAE remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to ex the function and mechanism of RvD1 on SAE mice. METHODS In our study, the SAE mice model was established by the method of cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: the Sham group, the CLP group and the CLP+RvD1 group. Cognitive impairment of the mice was assessed by Morris water maze. Iba1 immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the activation of microglia in hippocampus of the mice from different groups. The production of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, and their mRNA levels were evaluated by ELISA and Q-PCR. The expression of the molecules from inflammatory signaling pathways was assessed by Western blot. RESULTS xaRvD1 treatment significantly improved the learning and cognitive ability of SAE mice. The activation of microglia and the production of inflammatory cytokines in hippocampal tissues were inhibited in CLP+RvD1 group. We also found that the inflammation of microglia was attenuated by RvD1 treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the activation of NF-κB, MAPK and STAT signaling pathways were inhibited by RvD1 treatment, which partly explained the anti-inflammation function of RvD1 on SAE mice. CONCLUSIONS RvD1 could improve the learning and cognitive ability of SAE mice by inhibiting the systemic and local inflammation. It could attenuate the inflammation in microglia by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and then decreasing the production of cytokines. These findings are helpful to better understand the pathophysiology of SAE, which also provide a novel therapeutic method in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Mi Li
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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18
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Chen Q, Zhang K, Wang M, Gao R, Wang Q, Xiao M, Chen C. A translational mouse model for investigation of the mechanism of preterm diffuse white matter injury. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1074-1084. [PMID: 35957997 PMCID: PMC9360811 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of preterm birth has led to a global problem of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates as a result of brain injury. There is still a lack of models mimicking diffuse white matter injury (WMI) in preterm neonates that can be applied to transgenic mice. METHODS The right common carotid artery of the neonatal mouse was ligated on postnatal day 3 (P3) C57BL/6 mice and followed by 80, 90, or 100 min of hypoxia using a mixture of 10%±0.2% oxygen-nitrogen. The most suitable model was chosen by characterizing the effects of this hypoxic-ischemic insult on development of myelin, glial cell conditions, and neurological outcomes by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining performed at postnatal day 17 (P17), western blot measuring myelin basic protein (MBP) at postnatal day 10 (P10) and P17, immunofluorescence staining of MBP-neurofilament protein heavy chain (NFH), oligodendrocyte transcription factor-2 (Olig2)-adenomatous polyposis coli clone (CC1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionic calcium linker protein (Iba-1) at P17, electron microscopy observing myelin microstructure at postnatal day 52 (P52) and behavioral testing at postnatal day 45-50 (P45-P50). RESULTS The 90-min group showed neuroanatomical changes in the ipsilateral side of the brain, the 80-min group showed minor changes, and the 100-min group showed severe injury. Mice in the 90-min group subsequently showed marked activation of astrocytes, augmentation of microglia, a notable decrease in expression of MBP with a normal level of NFH, long-term cognitive dysfunction, and impairment of the myelin ultrastructure in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a mouse model of preterm diffuse WMI rather than cystic periventricular leukomalacia was successfully achieved by ligating one of the common carotid arteries on P3 followed by 90 min of hypoxia in a mixture of 10%±0.2% oxygen-nitrogen. The attempt provides an adequate translational animal model for elucidating the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiwei Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Mili Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Ji M, Yang J. Current Understanding of Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855006. [PMID: 35603184 PMCID: PMC9120941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is recognized as a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Although the incidence and mortality of sepsis decrease significantly due to timely implementation of anti-infective and support therapies, accumulating evidence suggests that a great proportion of survivors suffer from long-term cognitive impairment after hospital discharge, leading to decreased life quality and substantial caregiving burdens for family members. Several mechanisms have been proposed for long-term cognitive impairment after sepsis, which are not mutually exclusive, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Targeting these critical processes might be effective in preventing and treating long-term cognitive impairment. However, future in-depth studies are required to facilitate preventive and/or treatment strategies for long-term cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangyin Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Qin X, Wang J, Chen S, Liu G, Wu C, Lv Q, He X, Bai X, Huang W, Liao H. Astrocytic p75 NTR expression provoked by ischemic stroke exacerbates the blood-brain barrier disruption. Glia 2022; 70:892-912. [PMID: 35064700 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ) contributes to the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier in retinal ischemia. However, whether p75NTR influences the BBB permeability after acute cerebral ischemia remains unknown. The present study investigated the role and underlying mechanism of p75NTR on BBB integrity in an ischemic stroke mouse model, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h of MCAO, astrocytes and endothelial cells in the infarct-affected brain area up-regulated p75NTR . Genetic p75NTR knockdown (p75NTR+/- ) or pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR using LM11A-31, a selective inhibitor of p75NTR , both attenuated brain damage and BBB leakage in MCAO mice. Astrocyte-specific conditional knockdown of p75NTR mediated with an adeno-associated virus significantly ameliorated BBB disruption and brain tissue damage, as well as the neurological functions after stroke. Further molecular biological examinations indicated that astrocytic p75NTR activated NF-κB and HIF-1α signals, which upregulated the expression of MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), subsequently leading to tight junction degradation after ischemia. As a result, increased leukocyte infiltration and microglia activation exacerbated brain injury after stroke. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the role of astrocytic p75NTR in BBB disruption after acute cerebral ischemia. The p75NTR may therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Qin
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujian Chen
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoran Wu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunyu Lv
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinran He
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hong Liao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Zhang L, Gao J, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Lu J, Yang X. The application of magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and kernicterus in premature infants. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:958-966. [PMID: 34012843 PMCID: PMC8107838 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and kernicterus in premature infants. METHODS Fifty-eight premature infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and fifty-eight premature infants with kernicterus who were examined and treated in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2021 were assigned to the observation group or the control group. All patients were examined by MRI imaging and DWI imaging, and the examination results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, or negative predictive value between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). MRI could clearly visualize the signal changes of patients, whereas DWI did not show any signal changes. There was no significant difference between MRI and DWI in the diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in premature infants. Further, there was no significant difference in the diagnostic performance of MRI between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). However, the diagnostic performance of DWI in the control group was better than that in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS MRI and DWI imaging have high detection rates for the diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and kernicterus in premature infants. These imaging methods can benefit the treatment of premature infants and have important clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yibin Zhao
- Rehabilitation Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiantian Lu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Yuxi Children's Hospital, Yuxi, China
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22
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Huang X, Fu J. Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology and White Matter Injury in Premature Infants: A Case-Control Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:686670. [PMID: 34513759 PMCID: PMC8429486 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.686670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Whether there is a link between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and brain damage in premature infants remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether premature infants conceived by ART are at a greater risk of developing white matter injury (WMI), as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) within 14 days, than those naturally conceived (NC). Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on singleton premature infants with a gestational age of ≥28 weeks and <34 weeks delivered between 2017 and 2019 at Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University. This study included 638 live births that were stratified into case group (n = 218) and control group (n = 420), depending on the presence or absence of WMI. The exposure proportion of ART was compared between the case and control groups, and a logistic regression model was used to identify whether ART was an independent risk factor for WMI. Results: In the univariate analysis, the exposure proportion of ART conception was higher in cases than in controls (12.84 vs. 7.38%, p = 0.024). According to the multivariable analysis, after adjustment for other variables, the association between ART and WMI remained significant (1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.21; P = 0.038). Conclusions: Singleton premature infants conceived by ART have a higher risk of WMI than NC infants. Given that ART is an independent risk factor for WMI in premature infants, more attention should be paid to neurodevelopmental outcomes in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - JianHua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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