1
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Abdelmoaty MM, Machhi J, Yeapuri P, Shahjin F, Kumar V, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Monocyte biomarkers define sargramostim treatment outcomes for Parkinson's disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e958. [PMID: 35802825 PMCID: PMC9270000 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity heralds both the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Deficits in innate immunity in PD are defined by impairments in monocyte activation, function, and pro‐inflammatory secretory factors. Each influences disease pathobiology. Methods and Results To define monocyte biomarkers associated with immune transformative therapy for PD, changes in gene and protein expression were evaluated before and during treatment with recombinant human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF, sargramostim, Leukine®). Monocytes were recovered after leukapheresis and isolation by centrifugal elutriation, before and 2 and 6 months after initiation of treatment. Transcriptome and proteome biomarkers were scored against clinical motor functions. Pathway enrichments from single cell‐RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses from sargramostim‐treated PD patients demonstrate a neuroprotective signature, including, but not limited to, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and autophagy genes and proteins (LRRK2, HMOX1, TLR2, TLR8, RELA, ATG7, and GABARAPL2). Conclusions This monocyte profile provides an “early” and unique biomarker strategy to track clinical immune‐based interventions, but requiring validation in larger case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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2
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Abdelmoaty MM, Yeapuri P, Machhi J, Olson KE, Shahjin F, Kumar V, Zhou Y, Liang J, Pandey K, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Defining the Innate Immune Responses for SARS-CoV-2-Human Macrophage Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741502. [PMID: 34671355 PMCID: PMC8521106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate immune response follows severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and it is the driver of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) amongst other inflammatory end-organ morbidities. Such life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heralded by virus-induced activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). MPs play substantial roles in aberrant immune secretory activities affecting profound systemic inflammation and end-organ malfunctions. All follow the presence of persistent viral components and virions without evidence of viral replication. To elucidate SARS-CoV-2-MP interactions we investigated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages. While expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, paralleled monocyte-macrophage differentiation, it failed to affect productive viral infection. In contrast, simple macrophage viral exposure led to robust pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression but attenuated type I interferon (IFN) activity. Both paralleled dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways, specifically those linked to IFN. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2-infected host mounts a robust innate immune response characterized by a pro-inflammatory storm heralding end-organ tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - You Zhou
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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3
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Macur K, Zieschang S, Lei S, Morsey B, Jaquet S, Belshan M, Fox HS, Ciborowski P. SWATH-MS and MRM: Quantification of Ras-related proteins in HIV-1 infected and methamphetamine-exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM). Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100005. [PMID: 34051048 PMCID: PMC9977323 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection of macrophages is a multistep and multifactorial process that has been shown to be enhanced by exposure to methamphetamine (Meth). In this study, we sought to identify the underlying mechanisms of this effect by quantifying the effect of Meth on the proteome of HIV-1-infected macrophages using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) approach. The analyses identified several members of the Rab family of proteins as being dysregulated by Meth treatment, which was confirmed by bioinformatic analyses that indicated substantial alteration of vesicular transport pathways. Validation of the SWATH-MS was performed using an MRM based approach, which confirmed that Meth exposure affects expression of the Rab proteins. However, the pattern of expression changes were highly dynamic, and displayed high donor-to-donor variability. Surprisingly a similar phenomenon was observed for Actin. Our results demonstrate that Meth affects vesicular transport pathways, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism underlying its effect on HIV infection hMDM and a potential broader effect of Meth on cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Macur
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sarah Zieschang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shulei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Spencer Jaquet
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael Belshan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE,Corresponding author: Dr. Pawel Ciborowski, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985800 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, phone +1 (402) 559-3733, fax +1 (402) 559-7495
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4
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Abdelmoaty M, Yeapuri P, Machhi J, Olson K, Shahjin F, Zhou Y, Jingjing L, Pandey K, Acharya A, Byrareddy S, Mosley L, Gendelman H. Defining the Immune Responses for SARS-CoV-2-Human Macrophage Interactions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.07.07.449660. [PMID: 34268510 PMCID: PMC8282098 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.07.449660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Host innate immune response follows severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and it is the driver of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) amongst other inflammatory end-organ morbidities. Such life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heralded by virus-induced activation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs; monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells). MPs play substantial roles in aberrant immune secretory activities affecting profound systemic inflammation and end organ malfunctions. All follow an abortive viral infection. To elucidate SARS-CoV-2-MP interactions we investigated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of human monocyte-derived macrophages. While expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, paralleled monocyte-macrophage differentiation it failed to affect productive viral infection. In contrast, simple macrophage viral exposure led to robust pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression but attenuated type I interferon (IFN) activity. Both paralleled dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways specifically those linked to IFN. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2-infected host mounts a robust innate immune response characterized by a pro-inflammatory storm heralding consequent end-organ tissue damage.
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5
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Herskovitz J, Hasan M, Machhi J, Mukadam I, Ottemann BM, Hilaire JR, Woldstad C, McMillan J, Liu Y, Seravalli J, Sarella A, Gendelman HE, Kevadiya BD. Europium sulfide nanoprobes predict antiretroviral drug delivery into HIV-1 cell and tissue reservoirs. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:417-430. [PMID: 33972918 PMCID: PMC8100756 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.59568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Delivery of long-acting nanoformulated antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to human immunodeficiency virus type one cell and tissue reservoirs underlies next generation antiretroviral therapeutics. Nanotheranostics, comprised of trackable nanoparticle adjuncts, can facilitate ARV delivery through real-time drug tracking made possible through bioimaging platforms. Methods: To model HIV-1 therapeutic delivery, europium sulfide (EuS) nanoprobes were developed, characterized and then deployed to cells, tissues, and rodents. Tests were performed with nanoformulated rilpivirine (NRPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used clinically to suppress or prevent HIV-1 infection. First, CD4+ T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were EuS-treated with and without endocytic blockers to identify nanoprobe uptake into cells. Second, Balb/c mice were co-dosed with NRPV and EuS or lutetium177-doped EuS (177LuEuS) theranostic nanoparticles to assess NRPV biodistribution via mass spectrometry. Third, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bioimaging were used to determine nanotheranostic and NRPV anatomic redistribution over time. Results: EuS nanoprobes and NRPV entered cells through dynamin-dependent pathways. SPECT-CT and MRI identified biodistribution patterns within the reticuloendothelial system for EuS that was coordinate with NRPV trafficking. Conclusions: EuS nanoprobes parallel the uptake and biodistribution of NRPV. These data support their use in modeling NRPV delivery to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Brendan M. Ottemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66213 USA
| | - James R. Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | | | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Anandakumar Sarella
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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6
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Kevadiya BD, Ottemann B, Mukadam IZ, Castellanos L, Sikora K, Hilaire JR, Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Soni D, Hasan M, Zhang W, Anandakumar S, Garrison J, McMillan J, Edagwa B, Mosley RL, Vachet RW, Gendelman HE. Rod-shape theranostic nanoparticles facilitate antiretroviral drug biodistribution and activity in human immunodeficiency virus susceptible cells and tissues. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:630-656. [PMID: 31903142 PMCID: PMC6929995 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus theranostics facilitates the development of long acting (LA) antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) by defining drug-particle cell depots. Optimal drug formulations are made possible based on precise particle composition, structure, shape and size. Through the creation of rod-shaped particles of defined sizes reflective of native LA drugs, theranostic probes can be deployed to measure particle-cell and tissue biodistribution, antiretroviral activities and drug retention. Methods: Herein, we created multimodal rilpivirine (RPV) 177lutetium labeled bismuth sulfide nanorods (177LuBSNRs) then evaluated their structure, morphology, configuration, chemical composition, biological responses and adverse reactions. Particle biodistribution was analyzed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging. Results: Nanoformulated RPV and BSNRs-RPV particles showed comparable physicochemical and cell biological properties. Drug-particle pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution in lymphoid tissue macrophages proved equivalent, one with the other. Rapid particle uptake and tissue distribution were observed, without adverse reactions, in primary blood-derived and tissue macrophages. The latter was seen within the marginal zones of spleen. Conclusions: These data, taken together, support the use of 177LuBSNRs as theranostic probes as a rapid assessment tool for PK LA ARV measurements.
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7
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Rilpivirine-associated aggregation-induced emission enables cell-based nanoparticle tracking. Biomaterials 2019; 231:119669. [PMID: 31865227 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the quality and duration of life for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, limitations in drug efficacy, emergence of viral mutations and the paucity of cell-tissue targeting remain. We posit that to maximize ART potency and therapeutic outcomes newer drug formulations that reach HIV cellular reservoirs need be created. In a step towards achieving this goal we harnessed the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine (RPV) and used it as a platform for drug cell and subcellular tracking. RPV nanocrystals were created with endogenous AIE properties enabling the visualization of intracellular particles in cell and tissue-based assays. The intact drug crystals were easily detected in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the natural viral target cells, by flow cytometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We conclude that AIE can be harnessed to monitor cell biodistribution of selective antiretroviral drug nanocrystals.
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8
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Smith N, Bade AN, Soni D, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Herskovitz J, Ibrahim IM, Wojtkiewicz MS, Dyavar Shetty BL, McMillan J, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. A long acting nanoformulated lamivudine ProTide. Biomaterials 2019; 223:119476. [PMID: 31525692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A long acting (LA) hydrophobic and lipophilic lamivudine (3TC) was created as a phosphoramidate pronucleotide (designated M23TC). M23TC improved intracellular delivery of active triphosphate metabolites and enhanced antiretroviral and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles over the native drug. A single treatment of human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) with nanoformulated M23TC (NM23TC) improved drug uptake, retention, intracellular 3TC triphosphates and antiretroviral activities in MDM and CD4+ T cells. PK tests of NM23TC administered to Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated sustained prodrug and drug triphosphate levels in blood and tissues for 30 days. The development of NM23TC remains a substantive step forward in producing LA slow effective release antiretrovirals for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Melinda S Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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9
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Ibrahim IM, Bade AN, Lin Z, Soni D, Wojtkiewicz M, Dyavar Shetty BL, Gautam N, McMillan JM, Alnouti Y, Edagwa BJ, Gendelman HE. Synthesis and characterization of a long-acting emtricitabine prodrug nanoformulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6231-6247. [PMID: 31496683 PMCID: PMC6689761 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s215447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A palmitoylated prodrug of emtricitabine (FTC) was synthesized to extend the drug’s half-life, antiretroviral activities and biodistribution. Methods A modified FTC prodrug (MFTC) was synthesized by palmitoyl chloride esterification. MFTC’s chemical structure was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The created hydrophobic prodrug nanocrystals were encased into a poloxamer surfactant and the pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and antiretroviral activities of the nanoformulation (NMFTC) were assessed. The conversion of MFTC to FTC triphosphates was evaluated. Results MFTC coated with poloxamer formed stable nanocrystals (NMFTC). NMFTC demonstrated an average particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 350 nm, 0.24 and −20 mV, respectively. Drug encapsulation efficiency was 90%. NMFTC was readily taken up by human monocyte-derived macrophages yielding readily detected intracellular FTC triphosphates and an extended PK profile. Conclusion NMFTC shows improved antiretroviral activities over native FTC. This is coordinate with its extended apparent half-life. The work represents an incremental advance in the development of a long-acting FTC formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Melinda Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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10
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Gendelman HE, McMillan J, Bade AN, Edagwa B, Kevadiya BD. The Promise of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapies: From Need to Manufacture. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:593-606. [PMID: 30981593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has transformed human immunodeficiency virus infections from certain death to a manageable chronic disease. Achieving strict adherence to drug regimens that limit toxicities and viral resistance is an achievable goal. Success is defined by halting viral transmission and by continuous viral restriction. A step towards improving treatment outcomes is in long-acting antiretrovirals. While early results remain encouraging there remain opportunities for improvement. These rest, in part, on the required large drug dosing volumes, local injection-site reactions, and frequency of injections. Thus, implantable devices and long-acting parenteral prodrugs have emerged which may provide more effective clinical outcomes. The recent successes in transforming native antiretrovirals into lipophilic and hydrophobic prodrugs stabilized into biocompatible surfactants can positively affect both. Formulating antiretroviral prodrugs demonstrates improvements in cell and tissue targeting, in drug-dosing intervals, and in the administered volumes of nanosuspensions. As such, the newer formulations also hold the potential to suppress viral loads beyond more conventional therapies with the ultimate goal of HIV-1 elimination when combined with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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11
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Thomas MB, Gnanadhas DP, Dash PK, Machhi J, Lin Z, McMillan J, Edagwa B, Gelbard H, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S. Modulating cellular autophagy for controlled antiretroviral drug release. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:2139-2154. [PMID: 30129397 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Pharmacologic agents that affect autophagy were tested for their abilities to enhance macrophage nanoformulated antiretroviral drug (ARV) depots and its slow release. METHODS These agents included URMC-099, rapamycin, metformin, desmethylclomipramine, 2-hydroxy-β-cyclodextrin (HBC) and clonidine. Each was administered with nanoformulated atazanavir (ATV) nanoparticles to human monocyte-derived macrophages. ARV retention, antiretroviral activity and nanocrystal autophagosomal formation were evaluated. RESULTS URMC-099, HBC and clonidine retained ATV. HBC, URMC-099 and rapamycin improved intracellular ATV retention. URMC-099 proved superior among the group in affecting antiretroviral activities. CONCLUSION Autophagy inducing agents, notably URMC-099, facilitate nanoformulated ARV depots and lead to sustained release and improved antiretroviral responses. As such, they may be considered for development as part of long acting antiretroviral treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun B Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Divya Prakash Gnanadhas
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Harris Gelbard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, Rochester, NY 14618, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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12
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Lin Z, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, McMillan J, Bade AN, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. ProTide generated long-acting abacavir nanoformulations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8371-8374. [PMID: 29995046 PMCID: PMC6063073 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abacavir pronucleotide nanoformulations (NM3ABC) were prepared as a novel long acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy. Single NM3ABC treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages produced sustained intracellular carbovir-triphosphate and antiretroviral activities for up to 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
| | - Aditya N. Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience
, University of Nebraska Medical Center
,
Omaha
, NE 68198-5880
, USA
.
;
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13
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Zhou T, Lin Z, Puligujja P, Palandri D, Hilaire J, Araínga M, Smith N, Gautam N, McMillan J, Alnouti Y, Liu X, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Optimizing the preparation and stability of decorated antiretroviral drug nanocrystals. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:871-885. [PMID: 29553879 PMCID: PMC5992566 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: While the therapeutic potential for current long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) is undeniable, ligand-decorated nanoformulated LA-ART could optimize drug delivery to viral reservoirs. The development of decorated ART hinges, however, on formulation processes and manufacture efficiencies. To this end, we compared manufacture and purification techniques for ligand-decorated antiretroviral drug nanocrystals. Materials & methods: Ligand-decorated nanoparticle manufacturing was tested using folic acid (FA) nanoformulated cabotegravir. Results: Direct manufacturing of FA-cabotegravir resulted in stable particles with high drug loading and monocyte–macrophage targeting. A one step ‘direct’ scheme proved superior over differential centrifugation or tangential flow filtration facilitating particle stability and preparation simplicity and efficiency. Conclusion: Direct manufacturing of FA nanoparticles provides a path toward large-scale clinical grade manufacturing of cell-targeted LA-ART.
Folic acid (FA) decoration on the surface of nanocrystals can be achieved by mixing FA conjugated poloxamer 407 (FA-P407) and native P407 in varied ratios followed by size reduction by homogenization and differential centrifugation or tangential flow filtration to remove excess unbound polymers. The optimized manufacturing scheme is by direct homogenization with predetermined quantity of FA conjugated P407. Direct manufacturing method yields stable homogenous nanoparticles with high drug loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pavan Puligujja
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Diana Palandri
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xinming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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14
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Zhou T, Su H, Dash P, Lin Z, Dyavar Shetty BL, Kocher T, Szlachetka A, Lamberty B, Fox HS, Poluektova L, Gorantla S, McMillan J, Gautam N, Mosley RL, Alnouti Y, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Creation of a nanoformulated cabotegravir prodrug with improved antiretroviral profiles. Biomaterials 2017; 151:53-65. [PMID: 29059541 PMCID: PMC5926202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-acting parenteral (LAP) antiretroviral drugs have generated considerable interest for treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. One new LAP is cabotegravir (CAB), a highly potent integrase inhibitor, with a half-life of up to 54 days, allowing for every other month parenteral administrations. Despite this excellent profile, high volume dosing, injection site reactions and low body fluid drug concentrations affect broad use for virus infected and susceptible people. To improve the drug delivery profile, we created a myristoylated CAB prodrug (MCAB). MCAB formed crystals that were formulated into nanoparticles (NMCAB) of stable size and shape facilitating avid monocyte-macrophage entry, retention and reticuloendothelial system depot formulation. Drug release kinetics paralleled sustained protection against HIV-1 challenge. After a single 45 mg/kg intramuscular injection to BALB/cJ mice, the NMCAB pharmacokinetic profiles was 4-times greater than that recorded for CAB LAP. These observations paralleled replicate measurements in rhesus macaques. The results coupled with improved viral restriction in human adult lymphocyte reconstituted NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-/- mice led us to conclude that NMCAB can improve biodistribution and viral clearance profiles upon current CAB LAP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Prasanta Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhagya Laxmi Dyavar Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ted Kocher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Adam Szlachetka
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Nebraska Nanomedicine Production Plant, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benjamin Lamberty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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15
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Cinti A, Le Sage V, Milev MP, Valiente-Echeverría F, Crossie C, Miron MJ, Panté N, Olivier M, Mouland AJ. HIV-1 enhances mTORC1 activity and repositions lysosomes to the periphery by co-opting Rag GTPases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5515. [PMID: 28710431 PMCID: PMC5511174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 co-opts several host machinery to generate a permissive environment for viral replication and transmission. In this work we reveal how HIV-1 impacts the host translation and intracellular vesicular trafficking machineries for protein synthesis and to impede the physiological late endosome/lysosome (LEL) trafficking in stressful conditions. First, HIV-1 enhances the activity of the master regulator of protein synthesis, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Second, the virus commandeers mTOR-associated late endosome/lysosome (LEL) trafficking and counteracts metabolic and environmental stress-induced intracellular repositioning of LEL. We then show that the small Rag GTPases, RagA and RagB, are required for the HIV-1-mediated LEL repositioning that is likely mediated by interactions between the Rags and the viral proteins, Gag and Vif. siRNA-mediated depletion of RagA and RagB leads to a loss in mTOR association to LEL and to a blockade of viral particle assembly and release at the plasma membrane with a marked concomitant reduction in virus production. These results show that HIV-1 co-opts fundamental mechanisms that regulate LEL motility and positioning and support the notion that LEL positioning is critical for HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cinti
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Valerie Le Sage
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Miroslav P Milev
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, 834100, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina Crossie
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marie-Joelle Miron
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nelly Panté
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Department of Medicine and the Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0G4, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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16
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Abstract
Viral infections are a major burden to human and animal health. Immune response against viruses consists of innate and adaptive immunity which are both critical for the eradication of the viral infection. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against viral infections. Proper innate immune response is required for the activation of adaptive, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Macrophages are innate immune cells which have a central role in detecting viral infections including influenza A and human immunodeficiency viruses. Macrophages and other host cells respond to viral infection by modulating their protein expression levels, proteins' posttranslational modifications, as well as proteins' intracellular localization and secretion. Therefore the detailed characterization how viruses dynamically manipulate host proteome is needed for understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral infection. It is critical to identify cellular host factors which are exploited by different viruses, and which are less prone for mutations and could serve as potential targets for novel antiviral compounds. Here, we review how proteomics studies have enhanced our understanding of macrophage response to viral infection with special focus on Influenza A and Human immunodeficiency viruses, and virus infections of swine. SIGNIFICANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) infect annually millions of people worldwide and they form a severe threat to human health. Both IAVs and HIV-1 can efficiently antagonize host response and develop drug-resistant variants. Most current antiviral drugs are directed against viral proteins, and there is a constant need to develop new next-generation drugs targeting host proteins that are essential for viral replication. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are economically important swine pathogens. Both PRRSV and PCV2 cause severe respiratory tract illnesses in swine. IAVs, HIV-1, and swine viruses infect macrophages activating antiviral response against these viruses. Macrophages also have a central role in the replication and spread of these viruses. However, macrophage response to these viruses is incompletely understood. Current proteomics methods can provide a global view of host-response to viral infection which is needed for in-depth understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral infection. Here we review the current proteomics studies on macrophage response to viral infection and provide insight into the global host proteome changes upon viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Antiretroviral drug discovery and formulation design will facilitate viral clearance in infectious reservoirs. Although progress has been realized for selected hydrophobic integrase and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, limited success has been seen to date with hydrophilic nucleosides. To overcome these limitations, hydrophobic long-acting drug nanoparticles were created for the commonly used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, lamivudine (2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine, 3TC). Methods: A 2-step synthesis created a slow-release long-acting hydrophobic 3TC. Conjugation of 3TC to a fatty acid created a myristoylated prodrug which was encased into a folate-decorated poloxamer 407. Both in vitro antiretroviral efficacy in human monocyte-derived macrophages and pharmacokinetic profiles in mice were evaluated for the decorated nanoformulated drug. Results: A stable drug formulation was produced by poloxamer encasement that improved monocyte–macrophage uptake, antiretroviral activities, and drug pharmacokinetic profiles over native drug formulations. Conclusions: Sustained release of long-acting antiretroviral therapy is a new therapeutic frontier for HIV/AIDS. 3TC depot formation in monocyte-derived macrophages can be facilitated through stable subcellular internalization and slow drug release.
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18
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van Crevel R, van de Vijver S, Moore DAJ. The global diabetes epidemic: what does it mean for infectious diseases in tropical countries? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:457-468. [PMID: 27499355 PMCID: PMC7104099 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical countries are experiencing a substantial rise in type 2 diabetes, which is often undiagnosed or poorly controlled. Since diabetes is a risk factor for many infectious diseases, this increase probably adds to the large infectious disease burden in tropical countries. We reviewed the literature to investigate the interface between diabetes and infections in tropical countries, including the WHO-defined neglected tropical diseases. Although solid data are sparse, patients with diabetes living in tropical countries most likely face increased risks of common and health-care-associated infections, as well as infected foot ulcers, which often lead to amputation. There is strong evidence that diabetes increases the severity of some endemic infections such as tuberculosis, melioidosis, and dengue virus infection. Some HIV and antiparasitic drugs might induce diabetes, whereas helminth infections appear to afford some protection against future diabetes. But there are no or very scarce data for most tropical infections and for possible biological mechanisms underlying associations with diabetes. The rise in diabetes and other non-communicable diseases puts a heavy toll on health systems in tropical countries. On the other hand, complications common to both diabetes and some tropical infections might provide an opportunity for shared services-for example, for eye health (trachoma and onchocerciasis), ulcer care (leprosy), or renal support (schistosomiasis). More research about the interaction of diabetes and infections in tropical countries is needed, and the infectious disease burden in these countries is another reason to step up global efforts to improve prevention and care for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Steven van de Vijver
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David A J Moore
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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19
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Araínga M, Edagwa B, Mosley RL, Poluektova LY, Gorantla S, Gendelman HE. A mature macrophage is a principal HIV-1 cellular reservoir in humanized mice after treatment with long acting antiretroviral therapy. Retrovirology 2017; 14:17. [PMID: 28279181 PMCID: PMC5345240 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-017-0344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved clinical outcomes seen following antiretroviral therapy (ART), resting CD4+ T cells continue to harbor latent human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1). However, such cells are not likely the solitary viral reservoir and as such defining where and how others harbor virus is imperative for eradication measures. To such ends, we used HIV-1ADA-infected NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ mice reconstituted with a human immune system to explore two long-acting ART regimens investigating their abilities to affect viral cell infection and latency. At 6 weeks of infection animals were divided into four groups. One received long-acting (LA) cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RVP) (2ART), a second received LA CAB, lamivudine, abacavir and RVP (4ART), a third were left untreated and a fourth served as an uninfected control. After 4 weeks of LA ART treatment, blood, spleen and bone marrow (BM) cells were collected then phenotypically characterized. CD4+ T cell subsets, macrophages and hematopoietic progenitor cells were analyzed for HIV-1 nucleic acids by droplet digital PCR. RESULTS Plasma viral loads were reduced by two log10 or to undetectable levels in the 2 and 4ART regimens, respectively. Numbers and distributions of CD4+ memory and regulatory T cells, macrophages and hematopoietic progenitor cells were significantly altered by HIV-1 infection and by both ART regimens. ART reduced viral DNA and RNA in all cell and tissue compartments. While memory cells were the dominant T cell reservoir, integrated HIV-1 DNA was also detected in the BM and spleen macrophages in both regimen-treated mice. CONCLUSION Despite vigorous ART regimens, HIV-1 DNA and RNA were easily detected in mature macrophages supporting their potential role as an infectious viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluz Araínga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
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20
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Gnanadhas DP, Dash PK, Sillman B, Bade AN, Lin Z, Palandri DL, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Gelbard HA, McMillan J, Mosley RL, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S. Autophagy facilitates macrophage depots of sustained-release nanoformulated antiretroviral drugs. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:857-873. [PMID: 28134625 PMCID: PMC5330738 DOI: 10.1172/jci90025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting anti-HIV products can substantively change the standard of care for patients with HIV/AIDS. To this end, hydrophobic antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) were recently developed for parenteral administration at monthly or longer intervals. While shorter-acting hydrophilic drugs can be made into nanocarrier-encased prodrugs, the nanocarrier encasement must be boosted to establish long-acting ARV depots. The mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK-3) inhibitor URMC-099 provides this function by affecting autophagy. Here, we have shown that URMC-099 facilitates ARV sequestration and its antiretroviral responses by promoting the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB). In monocyte-derived macrophages, URMC-099 induction of autophagy led to retention of nanoparticles containing the antiretroviral protease inhibitor atazanavir. These nanoparticles were localized within macrophage autophagosomes, leading to a 4-fold enhancement of mitochondrial and cell vitality. In rodents, URMC-099 activation of autophagy led to 50-fold increases in the plasma drug concentration of the viral integrase inhibitor dolutegravir. These data paralleled URMC-099-mediated induction of autophagy and the previously reported antiretroviral responses in HIV-1-infected humanized mice. We conclude that pharmacologic induction of autophagy provides a means to extend the action of a long-acting, slow, effective release of antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasanta K. Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Brady Sillman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Aditya N. Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Diana L. Palandri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Harris A. Gelbard
- Center for Neural Development and Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, New York, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine
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21
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Anjo SI, Santa C, Manadas B. SWATH-MS as a tool for biomarker discovery: From basic research to clinical applications. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Isabel Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Cátia Santa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III); University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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22
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Edagwa B, McMillan J, Sillman B, Gendelman HE. Long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 14:1281-1291. [PMID: 28128004 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1288212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in long-acting antiretroviral therapy (ART) can revolutionize current HIV/AIDS treatments. We coined the term 'long-acting slow effective release ART' (LASER ART) to highlight the required formulation properties of slow drug dissolution, poor water-solubility, bioavailability, little-to-no off-target toxicities and improved regimen adherence. Drug carrier technologies characterized by high antiretroviral drug (ARV) payloads in a single carrier improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The surface modifications of ARV carriers target monocyte-macrophages and facilitate drug transport across physiological barriers and to virus-susceptible CD4 + T cells. Areas covered: The review highlights developments of reservoir-targeted LASER ART for improved therapeutic outcomes. Such nanoART delivery platforms include decorated multifunctional nano- and micro-particles, prodrugs and polymer conjugates. Therapeutic strategies such as gene-editing technologies boost ART effectiveness. Expert opinion: The persistence of HIV-1 in lymphoid, gut and nervous system reservoirs poses a challenge to viral eradication. Emerging slow-release drug carriers can target intracellular pathogens, activate antiviral immunity, promote genome editing, sustain drug depots and combine therapeutics with image contrast agents, and can meet unmet clinical needs for HIV-infected patients. Such efforts will bring the medicines to reservoir sites and accelerate viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Edagwa
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Brady Sillman
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.,b Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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23
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Kevadiya BD, Bade AN, Woldstad C, Edagwa BJ, McMillan JM, Sajja BR, Boska MD, Gendelman HE. Development of europium doped core-shell silica cobalt ferrite functionalized nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:507-520. [PMID: 27916740 PMCID: PMC5501313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The size, shape and chemical composition of europium (Eu3+) cobalt ferrite (CFEu) nanoparticles were optimized for use as a "multimodal imaging nanoprobe" for combined fluorescence and magnetic resonance bioimaging. Doping Eu3+ ions into a CF structure imparts unique bioimaging and magnetic properties to the nanostructure that can be used for real-time screening of targeted nanoformulations for tissue biodistribution assessment. The CFEu nanoparticles (size ∼7.2nm) were prepared by solvothermal techniques and encapsulated into poloxamer 407-coated mesoporous silica (Si-P407) to form superparamagnetic monodisperse Si-CFEu nanoparticles with a size of ∼140nm. Folic acid (FA) nanoparticle decoration (FA-Si-CFEu, size ∼140nm) facilitated monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) targeting. FA-Si-CFEu MDM uptake and retention was higher than seen with Si-CFEu nanoparticles. The transverse relaxivity of both Si-CFEu and FA-Si-CFEu particles were r2=433.42mM-1s-1 and r2=419.52mM-1s-1 (in saline) and r2=736.57mM-1s-1 and r2=814.41mM-1s-1 (in MDM), respectively. The results were greater than a log order-of-magnitude than what was observed at replicate iron concentrations for ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles (r2=31.15mM-1s-1 in saline) and paralleled data sets obtained for T2 magnetic resonance imaging. We now provide a developmental opportunity to employ these novel particles for theranostic drug distribution and efficacy evaluations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A novel europium (Eu3+) doped cobalt ferrite (Si-CFEu) nanoparticle was produced for use as a bioimaging probe. Its notable multifunctional, fluorescence and imaging properties, allows rapid screening of future drug biodistribution. Decoration of the Si-CFEu particles with folic acid increased its sensitivity and specificity for magnetic resonance imaging over a more conventional ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. The future use of these particles in theranostic tests will serve as a platform for designing improved drug delivery strategies to combat inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Christopher Woldstad
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Benson J Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States
| | - Balasrinivasa R Sajja
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Michael D Boska
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, United States.
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24
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Embury CM, Dyavarshetty B, Lu Y, Wiederin JL, Ciborowski P, Gendelman HE, Kiyota T. Cathepsin B Improves ß-Amyloidosis and Learning and Memory in Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:340-352. [PMID: 27966067 PMCID: PMC5405105 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-ß (Aß) precursor protein (APP) metabolism engages neuronal endolysosomal pathways for Aß processing and secretion. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), dysregulation of APP leads to excess Aß and neuronal dysfunction; suggesting that neuronal APP/Aß trafficking can be targeted for therapeutic gain. Cathepsin B (CatB) is a lysosomal cysteine protease that can lower Aß levels. However, whether CatB-modulation of Aß improves learning and memory function deficits in AD is not known. To this end, progenitor neurons were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing CatB and recovered cell lysates subjected to proteomic analyses. The results demonstrated Lamp1 deregulation and linkages between CatB and the neuronal phagosome network. Hippocampal injections of adeno-associated virus expressing CatB reduced Aß levels, increased Lamp1 and improved learning and memory. The findings were associated with the emergence of c-fos + cells. The results support the idea that CatB can speed Aß metabolism through lysosomal pathways and as such reduce AD-associated memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Embury
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jayme L Wiederin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Tomomi Kiyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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25
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Greenwood EJD, Matheson NJ, Wals K, van den Boomen DJH, Antrobus R, Williamson JC, Lehner PJ. Temporal proteomic analysis of HIV infection reveals remodelling of the host phosphoproteome by lentiviral Vif variants. eLife 2016; 5:e18296. [PMID: 27690223 PMCID: PMC5085607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate host factors to enhance their replication and evade cellular restriction. We used multiplex tandem mass tag (TMT)-based whole cell proteomics to perform a comprehensive time course analysis of >6500 viral and cellular proteins during HIV infection. To enable specific functional predictions, we categorized cellular proteins regulated by HIV according to their patterns of temporal expression. We focussed on proteins depleted with similar kinetics to APOBEC3C, and found the viral accessory protein Vif to be necessary and sufficient for CUL5-dependent proteasomal degradation of all members of the B56 family of regulatory subunits of the key cellular phosphatase PP2A (PPP2R5A-E). Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of HIV-infected cells confirmed Vif-dependent hyperphosphorylation of >200 cellular proteins, particularly substrates of the aurora kinases. The ability of Vif to target PPP2R5 subunits is found in primate and non-primate lentiviral lineages, and remodeling of the cellular phosphoproteome is therefore a second ancient and conserved Vif function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward JD Greenwood
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Wals
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dick JH van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James C Williamson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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26
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Singh D, McMillan J, Hilaire J, Gautam N, Palandri D, Alnouti Y, Gendelman HE, Edagwa B. Development and characterization of a long-acting nanoformulated abacavir prodrug. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1913-27. [PMID: 27456759 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A myristoylated abacavir (ABC) prodrug was synthesized to extend drug half-life and bioavailability. METHODS Myristoylated ABC (MABC) was made by esterifying myristic acid to the drug's 5-hydroxy-cyclopentene group. Chemical composition, antiretroviral activity, cell uptake and retention and cellular trafficking of free MABC and poloxamer nanoformulations of MABC were assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and tested in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Pharmacokinetics of ABC and nanoformulated MABC were evaluated after intramuscular injection into mice. RESULTS MABC antiretroviral activity in monocyte-derived macrophages was comparable to native drug. Encasement of MABC into poloxamer nanoparticles extended drug bioavailability for 2 weeks. CONCLUSION MABC synthesis and encasement in polymeric nanoformulations improved intracellular drug accumulation and demonstrate translational potential as part of a long-acting antiretroviral regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirender Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James Hilaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Diana Palandri
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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27
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Dumas A, Lê-Bury G, Marie-Anaïs F, Herit F, Mazzolini J, Guilbert T, Bourdoncle P, Russell DG, Benichou S, Zahraoui A, Niedergang F. The HIV-1 protein Vpr impairs phagosome maturation by controlling microtubule-dependent trafficking. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:359-72. [PMID: 26504171 PMCID: PMC4621833 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV protein Vpr interacts with EB1, p150Glued, and dynein heavy chain and perturbs the centripetal movement of phagosomes and their maturation, resulting in impaired phagolysosome biogenesis, which is important for bacterial clearance and cytokine production. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) impairs major functions of macrophages but the molecular basis for this defect remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that macrophages infected with HIV-1 were unable to respond efficiently to phagocytic triggers and to clear bacteria. The maturation of phagosomes, defined by the presence of late endocytic markers, hydrolases, and reactive oxygen species, was perturbed in HIV-1–infected macrophages. We showed that maturation arrest occurred at the level of the EHD3/MICAL-L1 endosomal sorting machinery. Unexpectedly, we found that the regulatory viral protein (Vpr) was crucial to perturb phagosome maturation. Our data reveal that Vpr interacted with EB1, p150Glued, and dynein heavy chain and was sufficient to critically alter the microtubule plus end localization of EB1 and p150Glued, hence altering the centripetal movement of phagosomes and their maturation. Thus, we identify Vpr as a modulator of the microtubule-dependent endocytic trafficking in HIV-1–infected macrophages, leading to strong alterations in phagolysosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dumas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Lê-Bury
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Marie-Anaïs
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Mazzolini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bourdoncle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - David G Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Serge Benichou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Zahraoui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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28
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Kutscher HL, Prasad PN, Morse GD, Reynolds JL. Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches to Targeting HIV-1 and Antiretroviral Therapy. Future Virol 2016; 11:101-104. [PMID: 28123446 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilliard L Kutscher
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Integrated Global Health Sciences; Translational Pharmacology Research Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paras N Prasad
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Integrated Global Health Sciences; Translational Pharmacology Research Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gene D Morse
- The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Integrated Global Health Sciences; Translational Pharmacology Research Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L Reynolds
- Center for Integrated Global Health Sciences; Translational Pharmacology Research Core, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, USA
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29
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Zhang G, Guo D, Dash PK, Araínga M, Wiederin JL, Haverland NA, Knibbe-Hollinger J, Martinez-Skinner A, Ciborowski P, Goodfellow VS, Wysocki TA, Wysocki BJ, Poluektova LY, Liu XM, McMillan JM, Gorantla S, Gelbard HA, Gendelman HE. The mixed lineage kinase-3 inhibitor URMC-099 improves therapeutic outcomes for long-acting antiretroviral therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:109-22. [PMID: 26472049 PMCID: PMC4728028 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During studies to extend the half-life of crystalline nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) the mixed lineage kinase-3 inhibitor URMC-099, developed as an adjunctive neuroprotective agent was shown to facilitate antiviral responses. Long-acting ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (nanoATV/r) nanoformulations co-administered with URMC-099 reduced viral load and the numbers of HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells in lymphoid tissues more than either drug alone in infected humanized NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-/- mice. The drug effects were associated with sustained ART depots. Proteomics analyses demonstrated that the antiretroviral responses were linked to affected phagolysosomal storage pathways leading to sequestration of nanoATV/r in Rab-associated recycling and late endosomes; sites associated with viral maturation. URMC-099 administered with nanoATV induced a dose-dependent reduction in HIV-1p24 and reverse transcriptase activity. This drug combination offers a unique chemical marriage for cell-based viral clearance. From the Clinical Editor: Although successful in combating HIV-1 infection, the next improvement in antiretroviral therapy (nanoART) would be to devise long acting therapy, such as intra-cellular depots. In this report, the authors described the use of nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy given together with the mixed lineage kinase-3 inhibitor URMC-099, and showed that this combination not only prolonged drug half-life, but also had better efficacy. The findings are hoped to be translated into the clinical setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jayme L Wiederin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nicole A Haverland
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jaclyn Knibbe-Hollinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrea Martinez-Skinner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Tadeusz A Wysocki
- Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beata J Wysocki
- Department of Computer and Electronics Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xin-Ming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Harris A Gelbard
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neural Development & Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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