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Trombetta CM, Accardi G, Aiello A, Calabrò A, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Marchi S, Montomoli E, Neto MM, Temperton N, Candore G. Centenarians, semi and supercentenarians, COVID-19 and Spanish flu: a serological assessment to gain insight into the resilience of older centenarians to COVID-19. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:44. [PMID: 38937774 PMCID: PMC11210044 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is well known that the older people have been the most susceptible to COVID-19, there are conflicting data on the susceptibility of centenarians. Two epidemiological study have shown that older centenarians (> 101 years old at the time of the 2020 pandemic peak) are more resilient than the remaining centenarians, suggesting that this resilience might be linked to the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic. To gain insight into this matter, specifically whether the resilience of older centenarians to SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to the Spanish Flu they had been affected by, we conducted a retrospective serological study. This study examined serum samples from 33 centenarians, encompassing semi- (aged > 104 < 110 years, N = 7) and supercentenarians (aged > 109 years, N = 4), born between 1905 and 1922, against both SARS-CoV-2 and 1918 H1N1 pseudotype virus. RESULTS Anamnestic and laboratory data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 8 centenarians. The infection appeared to have been asymptomatic or mild, and hospitalization was not required, despite 3 out of 8 being between 109 and 110 years old. The levels of anti-spike antibodies in centenarians infected and/or vaccinated were higher, although not significantly, than those produced by a random sample of seventy-year-old individuals used as controls. All centenarians had antibody levels against the 1918 H1N1 virus significantly higher (almost 50 times) than those observed in the quoted group of seventy-year-old subjects, confirming the key role in maintaining immunological memory from a priming that occurred over 100 years ago. Centenarians whose blood was collected prior to the pandemic outbreak demonstrated neutralising antibodies against the 1918 H1N1 virus, but all these subjects tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION This retrospective study shows that older centenarians are quite resilient to COVID-19, as they are capable of producing good levels of neutralising antibodies and experiencing mild or asymptomatic disease. This could be attributed to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic through mechanisms other than the presence of cross-reactive antibodies between the 1918 H1N1 virus and SARS-CoV-2. Another possibility is that the association is purely temporal, solely correlated with the advanced age of resilient centenarians compared to those born after 1918, since older centenarians are known to have better control of immune-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Research, ISMETT-IRCCS Mediterranean Institute forTransplants and Highly Specialized Therapies, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi Research srl, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy
| | - Martin Mayora Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, UK
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Accardi G, Aiello A, Aprile S, Calabrò A, Caldarella R, Caruso C, Ciaccio M, Dieli F, Ligotti ME, Meraviglia S, Candore G. The Phenotypic Characterization of the Oldest Italian Man from December 28, 2020, to September 23, 2021, A.T., Strengthens the Idea That the Immune System can Play a Key Role in the Attainment of Extreme Longevity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7591. [PMID: 38137660 PMCID: PMC10744028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present demographic, clinical, anamnestic, cognitive, and functional data, as well as haematological, haematochemical, immunological, and genetic parameters of an exceptional individual: A.T., a semi-supercentenarian who held the title of the oldest living Italian male centenarian from 28 December 2020, to 23 September 2021. The purpose of this study is to provide fresh insights into extreme phenotypes, with a particular focus on immune-inflammatory parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first phenotypic investigation of a semi-supercentenarian, illustrating both INFLA-score, a metric designed to assess the cumulative impact of inflammatory markers and indicators of age-related immune phenotype (ARIP), recognized as significant gauges of biological ageing. The aim of this study was, indeed, to advance our understanding of the role of immune-inflammatory responses in achieving extreme longevity. The results of laboratory tests, as well as clinical history and interview data, when compared to the results of our recent study on Sicilian centenarians, demonstrate an excellent state of health considering his age. Consistent with previous studies, we observed increased IL-6 inflammatory markers and INFLA score in A.T. More interestingly, the semi-supercentenarian showed values of ARIP indicators such as naïve CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and CD4+TN/TM ratio in the range of young adult individuals, suggesting that his immune system's biological age was younger than the chronological one. The results support the notion that the immune system can play a role in promoting extreme longevity. However, this does not rule out the involvement of other body systems or organs in achieving extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Aprile
- Unit of Transfusion Medicine, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 92100 Agrigento, Italy;
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (A.A.); (A.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.C.)
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Pons MJ, Mayanga-Herrera A, Palomino-Kobayashi LA, Quispe AM, Ugarte-Gil MF. High Anti-Interferon-Alpha Autoantibody Levels in Severe/Critical COVID-19 Patients from Peru. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:565-570. [PMID: 37906115 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses through the production of type I interferon-α (anti-IFN-α) play an essential role in the defense against viruses. The autoantibodies (auto-Abs) anti-IFN-α are implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis with higher levels among patients with worse prognoses. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti-IFN-α auto-Abs in Peruvian patients with severe/critical hospitalized COVID-19 compared to asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 outpatients and healthy controls. We analyzed 101 serum samples, including 56 (55.5%) severe/critical, 13 (12.3%) asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 patients, and 32 (32.2%) healthy controls, which we tested using a commercial ELISA anti-IFN-α-auto-Abs kit. We observed seropositivity of 48.2% (26/54) to anti-IFN-α auto-Abs among the severe/critical COVID-19 group, but 0% (0/13) and 3.1% (1/32) among the asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 and healthy groups (P = 0.021), respectively. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between the log10 of anti-IFN-α auto-Abs and the COVID-19 status, with the log10 of anti-IFN-α auto-Abs levels being significantly higher among the severe/critical COVID-19 group compared to the healthy controls (β = 1.20; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.72-1.67; P < 0.001). Such association remains significant either when adjusted by age and gender (adjusted β = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.62-1.70; P < 0.001) and when adjusted by the subjects' age, gender, and obesity (adjusted β = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.62-1.70; P < 0.001). Despite not measuring neutralizing activity, this study highlights the high frequency of these auto-Abs in the Peruvian population with a worse prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pons
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas Re-Emergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Ana Mayanga-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular e Inmunología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Antonio M Quispe
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Perú
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- Reumathology, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
- Grupo Peruano de Estudio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Perú
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Caruso C, Marcon G, Accardi G, Aiello A, Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Tettamanti M, Franceschi C, Candore G. Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2638. [PMID: 36768959 PMCID: PMC9916733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we have analysed the role of age and sex in the fatal outcome of COVID-19, as there are conflicting results in the literature. As such, we have answered three controversial questions regarding this aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) Have women been more resilient than men? (2) Did centenarians die less than the remaining older people? (3) Were older centenarians more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 than younger centenarians? The literature review demonstrated that: (1) it is women who are more resilient, in agreement with data showing that women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics; however, there are conflicting data regarding centenarian men; (2) centenarians overall did not die less than remaining older people, likely linked to their frailty; (3) in the first pandemic wave of 2020, centenarians > 101 years old (i.e., born before 1919), but not "younger centenarians", have been more resilient to COVID-19 and this may be related to the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic, although it is unclear what the mechanisms might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Caruso
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marcon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università di Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartinento di Area Medica, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Calabrò
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Geriatrica, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratorio di Immunopatologia e Immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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5
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de Castro MV, Silva MVR, Naslavsky MS, Scliar MO, Nunes K, Passos-Bueno MR, Castelli EC, Magawa JY, Adami FL, Moretti AIS, de Oliveira VL, Boscardin SB, Cunha-Neto E, Kalil J, Jouanguy E, Bastard P, Casanova JL, Quiñones-Vega M, Sosa-Acosta P, Guedes JDS, de Almeida NP, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB, Santos KS, Zatz M. Correction: The oldest unvaccinated Covid-19 survivors in South America. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36476248 PMCID: PMC9727865 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus V. de Castro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Monize V. R. Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Michel S. Naslavsky
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marilia O. Scliar
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Kelly Nunes
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Erick C. Castelli
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jhosiene Y. Magawa
- grid.411074.70000 0001 2297 2036Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia L. Adami
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratory of Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana I. S. Moretti
- grid.411074.70000 0001 2297 2036Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian L. de Oliveira
- grid.411074.70000 0001 2297 2036Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia B. Boscardin
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Laboratory of Antigen Targeting to Dendritic Cells, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- grid.411074.70000 0001 2297 2036Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- grid.412134.10000 0004 0593 9113Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France ,grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XImagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- grid.412134.10000 0004 0593 9113Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France ,grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XImagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- grid.10988.380000 0001 2173 743XImagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France ,grid.134907.80000 0001 2166 1519St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Mauricio Quiñones-Vega
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sosa-Acosta
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de S. Guedes
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália P. de Almeida
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C. S. Nogueira
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), Institute of Chemistry, LADETEC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B. Domont
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XProteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Keity S. Santos
- grid.411074.70000 0001 2297 2036Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto do Coração (InCor), LIM19, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia-Instituto Nacional de Ciências e Tecnologia-iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Brazil
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