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Razavi-Shearer D, Child H, Razavi-Shearer K, Voeller A, Razavi H, Buti M, Tacke F, Terrault N, Zeuzem S, Abbas Z, Aghemo A, Akarca U, Al Masri N, Alalwan A, Blomé MA, Jerkeman A, Aleman S, Kamal H, Alghamdi A, Alghamdi M, Alghamdi S, Al-Hamoudi W, Ali E, Aljumah A, Altraif I, Amarsanaa J, Asselah T, Baatarkhuu O, Babameto A, Ben-Ari Z, Berg T, Biondi M, Braga W, Brandão-Mello C, Brown R, Brunetto M, Cabezas J, Cardoso M, Martins A, Chan H, Cheinquer H, Chen CJ, Yang HI, Chen PJ, Chien CH, Chuang WL, Garza LC, Coco B, Coffin C, Coppola N, Cornberg M, Craxi A, Crespo J, Cuko L, De Ledinghen V, Duberg AS, Etzion O, Ferraz M, Ferreira P, Forns X, Foster G, Fung J, Gaeta G, García-Samaniego J, Genov J, Gheorghe L, Gholam P, Gish R, Glenn J, Hamid S, Hercun J, Hsu YC, Hu CC, Huang JF, Idilman R, Jafri W, Janjua N, Jelev D, Jia J, Kåberg M, Kaita K, Kao JH, Khan A, Kim D, Kondili L, Lagging M, Lampertico P, Lázaro P, Lazarus J, Lee MH, Yang HI, Lim YS, Lobato C, Macedo G, Marinho R, Marotta P, Mendes-Correa M, Méndez-Sánchez N, Navas MC, Ning Q, Örmeci N, Orrego M, Osiowy C, Pan C, Pessoa M, Piracha Z, Pop C, Qureshi H, Raimondo G, Ramji A, Ribeiro S, Ríos-Hincapié C, Rodríguez M, Rosenberg W, Roulot D, Ryder S, Saeed U, Safadi R, Shouval D, Sanai F, Sanchez-Avila J, Santantonio T, Sarrazin C, Seto WK, Seto WK, Simonova M, Tanaka J, Tergast T, Tsendsuren O, Valente C, Villalobos-Salcedo J, Waheed Y, Wong G, Wong V, Yip T, Wong V, Wu JC, Yang HI, Yu ML, Yuen MF, Yurdaydin C, Zuckerman E. Adjusted estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus in 25 countries and territories. J Hepatol 2024; 80:232-242. [PMID: 38030035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite RNA virus that requires the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for assembly and propagation. Individuals infected with HDV progress to advanced liver disease faster than HBV-monoinfected individuals. Recent studies have estimated the global prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies among the HBV-infected population to be 5-15%. This study aimed to better understand HDV prevalence at the population level in 25 countries/territories. METHODS We conducted a literature review to determine the prevalence of anti-HDV and HDV RNA in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals in 25 countries/territories. Virtual meetings were held with experts from each setting to discuss the findings and collect unpublished data. Data were weighted for patient segments and regional heterogeneity to estimate the prevalence in the HBV-infected population. The findings were then combined with The Polaris Observatory HBV data to estimate the anti-HDV and HDV RNA prevalence in each country/territory at the population level. RESULTS After adjusting for geographical distribution, disease stage and special populations, the anti-HDV prevalence among the HBsAg+ population changed from the literature estimate in 19 countries. The highest anti-HDV prevalence was 60.1% in Mongolia. Once adjusted for the size of the HBsAg+ population and HDV RNA positivity rate, China had the highest absolute number of HDV RNA+ cases. CONCLUSIONS We found substantially lower HDV prevalence than previously reported, as prior meta-analyses primarily focused on studies conducted in groups/regions that have a higher probability of HBV infection: tertiary care centers, specific risk groups or geographical regions. There is large uncertainty in HDV prevalence estimates. The implementation of reflex testing would improve estimates, while also allowing earlier linkage to care for HDV RNA+ individuals. The logistical and economic burden of reflex testing on the health system would be limited, as only HBsAg+ cases would be screened. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus among people living with hepatitis B virus at the population level. In this study, we aimed to better understand the burden in 25 countries and territories, to refine techniques that can be used in future analyses. We found a lower prevalence in the majority of places studied than had been previously reported. These data can help inform policy makers on the need to screen people living with hepatitis B virus to find those coinfected with hepatitis delta virus and at high risk of progression, while also highlighting the pitfalls that other researchers have often fallen into.
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Jose-Abrego A, Roman S, Laguna-Meraz S, Panduro A. Host and HBV Interactions and Their Potential Impact on Clinical Outcomes. Pathogens 2023; 12:1146. [PMID: 37764954 PMCID: PMC10535809 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a challenge for global health services, affecting millions and leading thousands to end-stage liver disease each year. This comprehensive review explores the interactions between HBV and the host, examining their impact on clinical outcomes. HBV infection encompasses a spectrum of severity, ranging from acute hepatitis B to chronic hepatitis B, which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by low HBV DNA levels in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals, can reactivate and cause acute hepatitis B. HBV genotyping has revealed unique geographical patterns and relationships with clinical outcomes. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the human host genome have been linked to several clinical outcomes, including cirrhosis, HCC, OBI, hepatitis B reactivation, and spontaneous clearance. The immune response plays a key role in controlling HBV infection by eliminating infected cells and neutralizing HBV in the bloodstream. Furthermore, HBV can modulate host metabolic pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and bile acid absorption, influencing disease progression. HBV clinical outcomes correlate with three levels of viral adaptation. In conclusion, the clinical outcomes of HBV infection could result from complex immune and metabolic interactions between the host and HBV. These outcomes can vary among populations and are influenced by HBV genotypes, host genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle. Understanding the degrees of HBV adaptation is essential for developing region-specific control and prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (A.J.-A.); (S.R.); (S.L.-M.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (A.J.-A.); (S.R.); (S.L.-M.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Saul Laguna-Meraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (A.J.-A.); (S.R.); (S.L.-M.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico; (A.J.-A.); (S.R.); (S.L.-M.)
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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da Silva Queiroz JA, Roca TP, Souza RB, de Souza LFA, Passos-Silva AM, da Silva ALF, de Castro E Silva E, Borzacov LMP, de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo R, Dos Santos Pereira S, Dantas TO, Mazaro J, Villar LM, Salcedo JMV, da Matta DA, Vieira D. Development of quantitative multiplex RT-qPCR one step assay for detection of hepatitis delta virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12073. [PMID: 37495613 PMCID: PMC10372040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis Delta is a disease caused by exposure to hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV) viruses, usually with a more severe clinical outcome when compared to an HBV monoinfection. To date, the real prevalence of HDV infection is underestimated and detection methods are poorly available, especially in more endemic regions. Therefore, a one-step RT-qPCR method for quantification of HDV-RNA was developed. Biological samples were selected between 2017 and 2023 from patients at the Ambulatório Especializado em Hepatites Virais of the Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia and Serviço de Assistência Especializada and underwent the test developed by this study and a second quantitative RT-qPCR assay. The slope of the initial quantitative assay was - 3.321 with an efficiency of 100.04% and amplification factor equal to 2. Analysis of the repeatability data revealed a Limit of Quantification of 5 copies/reaction and Limit of Detection (95%) of 2.83 copies per reaction. In the diagnostic sensitivity tests, there was an accuracy of 97.37% when compared to the reference test. This assay proved to be highly efficient and reproducible, making it a valuable tool to monitor hepatitis Delta patients and assess the risk of disease progression, as well as the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Peixoto Roca
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rutilene Barbosa Souza
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fellype Alves de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
| | - Ana Maísa Passos-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Ferreira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Eugênia de Castro E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Porto Velho, 76812-329, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Mazaro
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Acre - LACEN/AC, Rio Branco, 69900-614, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Archimedes da Matta
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil.
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Montoya-Guzman M, Martinez J, Castro-Arroyave D, Rojas C, Navas MC. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Indigenous Communities in Colombia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1739. [PMID: 37512911 PMCID: PMC10386745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the universal vaccination program, there are still regions and territories with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection (HBV), such as the Amazon basin, where several indigenous communities live. Additionally, Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a defective that requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for the assembly and release of de novo viral particles. Therefore, hepatitis D could be the result of HBV/HDV coinfection or HDV superinfection in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Among the high prevalence HDV populations are indigenous communities of America. This study aims to describe and characterize the frequency of HBV and HDV infection, viral genotypes and HBV immune escape mutants in indigenous populations from different regions of Colombia. The diagnosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis D was confirmed by serological markers. Moreover, the HBV and HDV genome were amplified by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively, and, subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis was performed. We characterized 47 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 1 case of reactivation and 2 cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). Furthermore, a high prevalence of HDV infection was identified in the study population (29.33%, 22/75) and the circulation of several HBV genotypes and subgenotypes (F1b, F3, F4, and D). Interestingly, this is the first report of the HDV genotype I circulation in this country. These findings demonstrated that HBV and HDV infections are still public health problems in indigenous communities in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Montoya-Guzman
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jaime Martinez
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Diana Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano (GEPIDH), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rojas
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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di Filippo Villa D, Navas MC. Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus-An Update. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1140. [PMID: 37317114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. Approximately 296 million people are chronically infected. In endemic areas, vertical transmission is a common route of transmission. There are several strategies for the prevention of HBV vertical transmission, such as antiviral treatment during the third trimester of pregnancy and immunoprophylaxis to newborns that includes the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and an HBV vaccine. Despite this, immunoprophylaxis failure can occur in up to 30% of infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers and/or with high viral load. Therefore, management and prevention of HBV vertical transmission is of paramount significance. In this article, we provided a review of the epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis and risk factors of vertical transmission, as well as the strategies implemented to prevent the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana di Filippo Villa
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of food nutrients and potential mechanisms of action. Ann Hepatol 2022:100766. [PMID: 36179798 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in many parts of the world and is a significant cause of chronic liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV therapeutics vary according to the disease stage. The best therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation, while for chronic patients, HBV infection is commonly managed using antivirals (nucleos(t)ides analogs or interferons). However, due to the accessibility issues and the high cost of antivirals, most HBV patients do not have access to treatment. These complications have led researchers to reconsider treatment approaches, such as nutritional therapy. This review summarizes the nutrients reported to have antiviral activity against HBV and their possible mechanism of action. Recent studies suggest resveratrol, vitamin E, lactoferrin, selenium, curcumin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, moringa extracts, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be beneficial for patients with hepatitis B. The anti-HBV effect of most of these nutrients has been analyzed in vitro and in animal models. Different antiviral and hepatoprotective mechanisms have been proposed for these nutrients, such as the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, regulation of metabolic homeostasis, epigenetic control, activation of the p53 gene, inhibition of oncogenes, inhibition of virus entry, and induction of autophagosomes. In conclusion, scientific evidence indicates that HBV replication, transcription, and expression of viral antigens can be affected directly by nutrients. In the future, these nutrients may be considered to develop appropriate nutritional management for patients with hepatitis B.
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Santos Alves FAGD, Nogueira Lima FDS, Ribeiro JR, Roca TP, Santos ADOD, Botelho Souza LF, Villalobos-Salcedo JM, Vieira DS. Genetic diversity of HBV in indigenous populations on the border between Brazil and Bolivia. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102700. [PMID: 36088957 PMCID: PMC9513627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Castro-Arroyave DM, Martínez-Gallego JA, Montoya-Guzmán M, Silva G, Rojas Arbeláez CA. [Hepatitis B in indigenous people in Latin America: a literature reviewHepatite B em indígenas na América Latina: revisão da literatura]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e22. [PMID: 35350451 PMCID: PMC8942283 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Identificar publicaciones realizadas entre los años 2000 y 2020 sobre hepatitis B en indígenas de América Latina, con el fin de conocer avances y vacíos en el tema durante los últimos 20 años. Métodos. Revisión exploratoria y síntesis rápida de la evidencia. El proceso de organización documental se realizó con los programas Excel® y Rayyan®. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 30 de 107 artículos encontrados, 17 corresponden a estudios epidemiológicos, 10 a revisiones documentales, dos estudios clínicos y una carta al editor. Brasil fue el país con más publicaciones (50%), la mayoría con enfoque epidemiológico. La temática más abordada fue la medición de prevalencia de la infección por hepatitis B con 22 publicaciones, le siguieron 11 estudios que informan resultados de estudios moleculares del virus, siete estudios sobre vacunación, cinco estudios sobre factores de riesgo y cuatro publicaciones con temas como la transmisión vertical y estudios sociales. Conclusión. En comparación con revisiones previas realizadas por otros autores, se observa una mayor diversidad en los temas y métodos de investigación utilizados; sin embargo, aún prevalecen los enfoques epidemiológicos convencionales centrados en la medición de la prevalencia de marcadores serológicos. Esto hace necesario encarar otro tipo de investigaciones centradas en los determinantes socioculturales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana María Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano Facultad de Educación Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jaime Alberto Martínez-Gallego
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Melissa Montoya-Guzmán
- Grupo Gastrohepatología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Silva
- Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel Guaviare Colombia Empresa Social del Estado Red de Servicios de Salud de Primer Nivel, Guaviare, Colombia
| | - Carlos Alberto Rojas Arbeláez
- Grupo Epidemiología Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública Universidad de Antioquia Colombia Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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Panduro A, Roman S, Fierro NA, Rebello‐Pinho JR. Viral Kinetics of an Acute Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype F1b Infection in a Mexican Subject. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2022; 19:41-48. [PMID: 35308473 PMCID: PMC8912225 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Content available: Author Interview and Audio Recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Panduro
- Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde,” GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico,Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Molecular Biology in MedicineCivil Hospital of Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde,” GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico,Health Sciences CenterUniversity of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico
| | - Nora A. Fierro
- Department of ImmunologyBiomedicine Research InstituteNational Autonomous University of MexicoCiudad de MexicoMexico
| | - João R. Rebello‐Pinho
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and School of MedicineLIM07Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil,Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
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Hayashi T, Takeshita Y, Hutin YJF, Harmanci H, Easterbrook P, Hess S, van Holten J, Oru EO, Kaneko S, Yurdaydin C, Bulterys M. The global hepatitis delta virus (HDV) epidemic: what gaps to address in order to mount a public health response? Arch Public Health 2021; 79:180. [PMID: 34663473 PMCID: PMC8525025 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes the severest chronic hepatitis and is associated with a high risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis called for the elimination of hepatitis (- 65% mortality and - 90% incidence) by 2030. Our aims were to summarize key points of knowledge and to identify the gaps that need to be addressed to mount a public health response to HDV. METHODS We performed a current literature review in terms of epidemiology by WHO regions, genotypes distribution and their pathogenicity, factors associated with HDV infection, mortality due to HDV infection, testing strategies and treatment. RESULTS Prevalence of infection and genotypes are heterogeneous distributed, with highest prevalence in foci around the Mediterranean, in the Middle East, and in Central, Northern Asia and Eastern Asia. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) and migrants from highly endemic areas are highly affected. While antibody detection tests are available, HDV RNA tests of current infection are not standardized nor widely available. The few therapeutic options, including lofartinib, are not widely available; however several new and promising agents have entered clinical trials. CONCLUSION HDV infection is an poorly known cause of chronic liver disease. To mount a public health response, we need a better description of the HDV epidemic, standardized testing strategies and better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hayashi
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University and WHO Collaborating Center for Chronic Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Yumie Takeshita
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University and WHO Collaborating Center for Chronic Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yvan J-F Hutin
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hande Harmanci
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Hess
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Judith van Holten
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ena Oghenekaro Oru
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University and WHO Collaborating Center for Chronic Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Cihan Yurdaydin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Hepatology Institute, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marc Bulterys
- Global Hepatitis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Cabezas C, Braga W. Hepatitis B Virus and Delta Infection: Special Considerations in the Indigenous and Isolated Riverside Populations in the Amazon Region. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2020; 16:117-122. [PMID: 33005393 PMCID: PMC7508778 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- César Cabezas
- Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru,National Public Health CenterInstituto Nacional de SaludLimaPerú
| | - Wornei Braga
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira DouradoManausAmazon State, PABrazil
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12
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Cardona Chorro NE, León Tapo TM. MARCADORES SEROLOGICOS DEL VIRUS DE HEPATITIS B EN PUEBLOS INDIGENAS DEL ESTADO AMAZONAS, VENEZUELA. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n3.79509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuela presenta un nivel de prevalencia intermedia de Hepatitis B, con cuatro focos de alta endemicidad asociados principalmente a población indígena. Las prevalencias halladas en el Amazonas venezolano tienen distintas distribuciones entre los pueblos, observándose diferentes particularidades epidemiológicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue reportar la prevalencia de VHB en población indígena de diferentes pueblos y regiones geográficas del estado Amazonas, que no habían sido evaluados hasta la fecha, mediante la determinación de los marcadores serológicos: Antígeno de Superficie del Virus de Hepatitis B (AgsHB) y Anticuerpos Anticore (Anti-HBc). Se estudiaron 1390 individuos de 15 pueblos indígenas (Baniva, Baré, Curripaco, Jivi, Mapoyo, Maco, Piapoco, Piaroa, Puinave, Sáliba, Warekena, Yabarana, Yanomami, Yekuana, Yeral), resultando una prevalencia de exposición al Virus de 37,6 % (Anti-HBc), y una prevalencia de infección activa de 5,6 % (AgsHB). La prevalencia de exposición al virus es proporcional a la edad. No se encontró diferencia significativa en relación al sexo. La exposición al virus en el pueblo Sáliba fue significativamente menor al resto de los pueblos indígenas (p<0,001), y la observada en Yabarana, significativamente mayor (p<0,001). Se encontró una prevalencia de AgsHB significativamente mayor (p<0,01) en el pueblo indígena Yabarana. Se puede predecir que existe relación entre prevalencia de exposición al virus de hepatitis B y la distancia geográfica al centro urbano.
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Besombes C, Njouom R, Paireau J, Lachenal G, Texier G, Tejiokem M, Cauchemez S, Pépin J, Fontanet A. The epidemiology of hepatitis delta virus infection in Cameroon. Gut 2020; 69:1294-1300. [PMID: 31907297 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and risk factors of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Cameroon. DESIGN We tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HDV antibody 14 150 samples collected during a survey whose participants were representative of the Cameroonian adult population. The samples had already been tested for hepatitis C virus and HIV antibodies. RESULTS Overall, 1621/14 150 (weighted prevalence=11.9%) participants were HBsAg positive, among whom 224/1621 (10.6%) were anti-HDV positive. In 2011, the estimated numbers of HBsAg positive and HDV seropositives were 1 160 799 and 122 910 in the 15-49 years age group, respectively. There were substantial regional variations in prevalence of chronic HBV infection, but even more so for HDV (from 1% to 54%). In multivariable analysis, HDV seropositivity was independently associated with living with an HDV-seropositive person (OR=8.80; 95% CI: 3.23 to 24.0), being HIV infected (OR=2.82; 95% CI: 1.32 to 6.02) and living in the South (latitude <4°N) while having rural/outdoor work (OR=15.2; 95% CI: 8.35 to 27.6, when compared with living on latitude ≥4°N and not having rural/outdoor work). CONCLUSION We found evidence for effective intra-household transmission of HDV in Cameroon. We also identified large differences in prevalence between regions, with cases concentrated in forested areas close to the Equator, as described in other tropical areas. The reasons underlying these geographical variations in HDV prevalence deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Besombes
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Njouom
- Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaëtan Texier
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mathurin Tejiokem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Pépin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France .,PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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14
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Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus infections in the general population of Peru: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234273. [PMID: 32542052 PMCID: PMC7295187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, D and E) remains a public health problem in Peru, with a high disease burden. There are limited data on the prevalence of viral hepatitis at a national level, and none reported for over two decades. In this study, the prevalence rates of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV) and E virus (HEV) infections in the Peruvian population were determined to provide updated baseline data that would help guide the development of strategies aimed at reducing the transmission of viral hepatitis in Peru. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in the 25 regions of Peru. The study included participants of both sexes, aged 15-69 years, who had lived for >6 months in a specific region of Peru. Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA for anti-HAV (IgG), anti-HBs ≥10 mUI/ml, anti-HCV, anti-HDV and anti-HEV (IgG) antibodies, and by chemiluminescence for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against the core HBV antigen (anti-HBc IgM and IgG). RESULTS In a total of 5183 study participants, the prevalence rates of anti-HAV (IgG), HBsAg, total anti-HBc IgG, anti-HBs ≥10 mUI/ml, anti-HCV and anti-HEV (IgG) were 98.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 98.0-98.7), 0.4% (95% CI 0.21-0.55), 10.1% (95% CI 9.4-11.0), 60% (95% CI 58.5-61.2), 0.1% (95% CI 0.02-0.25), and 14% (95% CI 13.1-15.0%), respectively. The prevalence of anti-HDV among HBsAg carriers was 15% (3/20). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HAV and HEV in the population aged 15-69 years in Peru is high, while the prevalence of HBV and HDV has changed from intermediate to low endemicity level and the prevalence of HCV is low. These findings would prove useful in the development of new strategies aimed at reducing the transmission of viral hepatitis in Peru, with a view to ultimately eliminating these infections in the future.
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15
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HDVdb: A Comprehensive Hepatitis D Virus Database. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050538. [PMID: 32422927 PMCID: PMC7290977 DOI: 10.3390/v12050538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, which may rapidly progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been estimated that 15-20 million people worldwide are suffering from the chronic HDV infection. Currently, no effective therapies are available to treat acute or chronic HDV infection. The remarkable sequence variability of the HDV genome, particularly within the hypervariable region has resulted in the provisional classification of eight major genotypes and various subtypes. We have developed a specialized database, HDVdb (http://hdvdb.bio.wzw.tum.de/), which contains a collection of partial and complete HDV genomic sequences obtained from the GenBank and from our own patient cohort. HDVdb enables the researchers to investigate the genetic variability of all available HDV sequences, correlation of genotypes to epidemiology and pathogenesis. Additionally, it will contribute in understanding the drug resistant mutations and develop effective vaccines against HDV infection. The database can be accessed through a web interface that allows for static and dynamic queries and offers integrated generic and specialized sequence analysis tools, such as annotation, genotyping, primer prediction, and phylogenetic analyses.
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16
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Nogueira-Lima FS, Botelho-Souza LF, Roca TP, Santos AOD, Oliveira SDC, Queiroz JADS, Santos-Alves FAGD, Salcedo JMV, Vieira DS. Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analysis of Hepatitis Delta Virus Genotype 3 Isolated in South America. Viruses 2019; 11:v11110995. [PMID: 31671829 PMCID: PMC6893442 DOI: 10.3390/v11110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a globally distributed agent, and its genetic variability allows for it to be organized into eight genotypes with different geographic distributions. In South America, genotype 3 (HDV-3) is frequently isolated and responsible for the most severe form of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of HDV-3 over the years and to describe its distribution throughout this continent in an evolutionary perspective. While using Bayesian analysis, with strains being deposited in the Nucleotide database, the most recent common ancestor was dated back to 1964 and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the dispersion may have started in Brazil, spreading to Venezuela and then to Colombia, respectively. Exponential growth in the effective number of infections was observed between the 1950s and 1970s, years after the first report of the presence of HDV on the continent, during the Labrea Black Fever outbreak, which showed that the virus continued to spread, increasing the number of cases decades after the first reports. Subsequently, the analysis showed a decrease in the epidemiological levels of HDV, which was probably due to the implantation of the vaccine against its helper virus, hepatitis B virus, and serological screening methods implemented in the blood banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Souza Nogueira-Lima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia-INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Luan Felipo Botelho-Souza
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia-INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Tárcio Peixoto Roca
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Alcione Oliveira Dos Santos
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia-INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Suyane da Costa Oliveira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Fabianne Araújo Gomes Dos Santos-Alves
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia-INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
| | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia-FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Research Center in Tropical Medicine of Rondônia -CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil.
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia-INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of the Federal University of Rondônia-PGBIOEXP/UNIR, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil.
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Scarponi CFDO, Silva RDND, Souza Filho JAD, Guerra MRL, Pedrosa MAF, Mol MPG. Hepatitis Delta Prevalence in South America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180289. [PMID: 30698197 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0289-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has been associated with acute or chronic hepatitis in Latin America, but there is no prevalence study covering South American countries. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate anti-HDV prevalence through a systematic review of published articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish until December 2017. Searches were conducted in Health Virtual Library, Capes, Lilacs, PubMed, and SciELO, according to defined criteria regarding participant selection and geographical setting. Study quality was assessed using the GRADE guidelines. Pooled anti-HDV prevalence was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Out of the 405 identified articles, only 31 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In South America, pooled anti-HDV prevalence among hepatitis B virus carriers was 22.37% (95% confidence interval: 13.72-32.26), though it appeared less frequently in some countries and populations, according to the data collection date. The findings indicated significant successive reductions in anti-HDV prevalence over thirty years. However, there was a scarcity of HDV epidemiological studies outside the Amazon Basin, notably in the Southwest continent and absence of target population standardization. There was a high HDV prevalence in South American countries, despite differences in methodological characteristics and outcomes, highlighting a drastic decline in the last decades. Future studies should identify HDV prevalence estimates in other regions of the continent and identify risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Russell NK, Nazar K, Del Pino S, Alonso Gonzalez M, Díaz Bermúdez XP, Ravasi G. HIV, syphilis, and viral hepatitis among Latin American indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants: a systematic review. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e17. [PMID: 31093241 PMCID: PMC6393722 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify and summarize existing literature on the burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and viral hepatitis (VH) in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America to provide a broad panorama of the quantitative data available and highlight problematic data gaps. Methods Published and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify documents published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with data collected between January 2000 and April 2016 on HIV, STI, and VH disease burden among indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in 17 Latin American countries. Results Sixty-two documents from 12 countries were found. HIV prevalence was generally low (< 1%) but pockets of high prevalence (> 5%) were noted in some indigenous communities in Venezuela (Warao) (9.6%), Peru (Chayahuita) (7.5%), and Colombia (Wayuu females) (7.0%). High active syphilis prevalence (> 5%) was seen in some indigenous communities in Paraguay (11.6% and 9.7%) and Peru (Chayahuita) (6.3%). High endemicity (> 8%) of hepatitis B was found in some indigenous peoples in Mexico (Huichol) (9.4%) and Venezuela (Yanomami: 14.3%; Japreira: 29.5%) and among Afro-descendant quilombola populations in Brazil (Frechal: 12.5%; Furnas do Dionísio: 8.4% in 2008, 9.2% in 2003). Conclusions The gaps in existing data on the burden of HIV, STIs, and VH in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America highlight the need to 1) improve national surveillance, by systematically collecting and analyzing ethnicity variables, and implementing integrated biobehavioral studies using robust methodologies and culturally sensitive strategies; 2) develop a region-wide response policy that considers the needs of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants; and 3) implement an intercultural approach to health and service delivery to eliminate health access barriers and improve health outcomes for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Russell
- Consultant, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Kevin Nazar
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Del Pino
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | | | - Giovanni Ravasi
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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20
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Genetic variability in coding regions of the surface antigen and reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus polymerase, Colombia, 2002-2014. BIOMEDICA 2018; 38:37-50. [PMID: 30184362 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine and treatment to reduce the viral load and progressive hepatocellular injury, approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Colombia, the circulation of different viral genotypes has been confirmed. Mutations in the genome have been associated to antiviral therapy resistance, viral escape to neutralizing antibodies, occult infection and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective: To identify the genotypes and the presence of mutations in the coding region of the surface (S) antigen and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the polymerase of HBV obtained from serum samples for hepatitis B diagnosis received by the Instituto Nacional de Salud during the period 2002-2014.
Materials and methods: A total of 495 serum samples with previous HBsAg reactive result were used for molecular detection. A fragment of 1,591 nucleotides was sequenced, and the corresponding phylogenetic analysis was performed.
Results: We detected the viral genome of HBV in 66 samples and 28 were successfully sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of subgenotypes F3 and A2. The L180M and M204V resistance mutations were simultaneously identified in one sample, while the I169L resistance mutation was identified in another one. A single escape mutation, P120Q, was identified in one more. Two samples showed a deletion of 105 nucleotides in the preS1-preS2 region.
Conclusions: The circulation of genotypes/subgenotypes F3 and A2 of HBV in Colombia was corroborated, as well as the presence of some resistance and escape mutations. The present study constitutes a contribution to the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Colombia.
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Oliveira MSD, Silva RPM, Valle SDCND, Figueiredo END, Fram D. Chronic hepatitis B and D: prognosis according to Child-Pugh score. Rev Bras Enferm 2018; 70:1048-1053. [PMID: 28977233 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: compare chronic hepatitis B patients to those superinfected with hepatitis D virus, according to Child-Pugh score regarding disease severity. Method: retrospective descriptive study, performed with 59 patients followed in the ambulatory, of which 22 (37.3%) were chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (Group HBV) and 37 (62.7%) superinfected with Delta virus (Group HBV+HDV); variables of sex, age and items of Child-Pugh score were collected by consulting medical records. Results: out of the patients, 57.6% were male, with a mean age of 30.5 years. Score A, which indicates lesser severity, was found in 100% of group HBV and 78.4% of group HBV+HDV. Score B, which indicates greater severity, was found only in group HBV+HDV in 21.6% of the patients. Conclusion: by means of the Child-Pugh score, it was observed that patients with superinfection by HDV tended to present a worse prognosis. Objetivo: comparar os pacientes com hepatite B crônica com superinfectados pelo vírus D segundo escore de Child-Pugh quanto à gravidade da doença. Método: estudo descritivo retrospectivo, realizado com 59 pacientes acompanhados em ambulatório, sendo 22 (37,3%) cronicamente infectados pelo vírus da hepatite B (Grupo VHB) e 37 (62,7%) com superinfecção por vírus Delta (Grupo VHB+VHD); foram coletadas variáveis quanto ao sexo, idade e referentes ao escore de Child-Pugh por meio de consulta a prontuários. Resultados: entre os pacientes 57,6% era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 30,5 anos. O escore A, que indica menor gravidade, foi encontrado em 100% do grupo VHB e 78,4% do grupo VHB+VHD. O escore B, que indica maior gravidade, foi encontrado apenas no grupo VHB+VHD em 21,6% dos pacientes. Conclusão: por meio do escore de Child-Pugh, observou-se que os pacientes com superinfecção por VHD tendem a apresentar pior prognóstico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Siqueira de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Nursing School, Postgraduate Program in Nursing. São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Acre, Multidisciplinary Center of Cruzeiro do Sul. Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dayana Fram
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Paulista Nursing School, Department of Clinical and Surgical Nursing. São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang Y, Glenn JS, Winters MA, Shen LP, Choong I, Shi YL, Bi SL, Ma LY, Zeng H, Zhang FJ. A new dual-targeting real-time RT-PCR assay for hepatitis D virus RNA detection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:112-117. [PMID: 29941366 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR) assay targeting 2 genetic segments was established to detect HDV RNA. Utilizing the World Health Organization International Standard for Hepatitis D Virus RNA, the lower limit of detection was 575 IU/mL, and the linearity of quantification ranged from 575,000 IU/mL to 575 IU/mL. 384 HBsAg-positive samples collected from China were tested by this method and HDV antibody detection. Eleven samples were positive for anti-HDV IgG which may persist after HDV resolution, 6 samples were HDV RNA positive, and 5 samples were positive for anti-HDV IgM. This assay showed more sensitivity than the detection of anti-HDV IgM. These data demonstrate that the real-time RT-PCR assay for HDV RNA could be implemented in the clinical detection of HDV infection in chronic HBV-infected patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China; Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark A Winters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Li-Ping Shen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ingrid Choong
- Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc. Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ya-Lun Shi
- Beijing Anapure BioScientific Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Li Bi
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Lago BV, Mello FCA, Barros TM, Mello VM, Villar LM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Pardini MIMC, Lampe E. Hepatitis D infection in Brazil: Prevalence and geographical distribution of anti-Delta antibody. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1358-1363. [PMID: 29663457 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, the Amazon Basin is endemic for hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection; however, studies in other regions of the country are scarce. This study aims to map the seroepidemiological situation of anti-Delta antibodies in chronic hepatitis B carriers in all five Brazilian geographic regions. Serum samples from 1240 HBsAg positive individuals (55.4% men; mean age 43.1 ± 13.4 years) from 24 of 26 Brazilian states were tested for the presence of anti-Delta antibodies using a commercial immunoassay. Anti-Delta antibodies were detected in 40 samples (3.2%; 52.5% female; mean age of 38.1 ± 13.8 years). Age less than 20 years was significantly associated with anti-HDV positivity (P < 0.001). The distribution of anti-Delta differed markedly in the diverse regions of the country. The highest prevalence of anti-HDV was found in the North (8.5%; P < 0.001), followed by Central West (2.5%), Southeast (1.7%), Northeast (0.8%), and South (0.0%). Anti-Delta antibodies were detected in 12 states, but more than 60% of the positive cases were observed in two states, Amazonas and Acre, located in the western portion of the Amazon region. The overall HDV prevalence of 3.2% emphasizes that HDV is far from being a disease under control in Brazil. Despite the low HDV prevalence in non-endemic regions, this infection persists as a major concern in two states (Acre and Amazonas) in the north of the country, indicating that a continuous epidemiological surveillance program should be implemented in all Brazilian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Lago
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tairine M Barros
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia M Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês M C Pardini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FMB), Divisão Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Oliveira MSD, Valle SDCND, Souza RMD, Silva RPM, Figueiredo END, Taminato M, Fram D. Evidências científicas sobre a hepatite Delta no Brasil: revisão integrativa da literatura. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0194201700091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o nível de evidência científica sobre a infecção por vírus da hepatite Delta (VHD) no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados do Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Scopus, com análise centrada no nivelamento do rigor metodológico de acordo com o modelo de Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt. Resultados: A busca revelou uma média de duas publicações por ano no intervalo entre 1987 e 2017. Foram selecionados 33 artigos, tendo a maioria (91%) apresentado nível de evidência VI. As publicações ficaram concentradas em periódicos da área de medicina tropical (46%) e virologia (15%). Dos trabalhos, 85% tinha profissional médico com autor e o delineamento mais encontrado foi o descritivo/transversal (69,6%). Conclusão: A produção científica sobre a infecção por VHD no Brasil está centrada em estudos de prevalência, mostrando-se incipiente quanto à produção de estudos com delineamentos mais rígidos como ensaios clínicos.
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25
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Jaramillo CM, de La Hoz F, Porras A, di Filippo D, Choconta-Piraquive LA, Payares E, Montes N, Navas MC. Characterization of hepatitis B virus in Amerindian children and mothers from Amazonas State, Colombia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181643. [PMID: 29016603 PMCID: PMC5634536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. In the 1980's a highly effective and safe vaccine against HBV was developed, although breakthrough infection still occasionally occurs because of the emergence of escape mutants. The aim of this study was to identify HBV genotypes and escape mutants in children and their mothers in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas State, Southern Colombia. METHODS Blood specimens collected from children and mothers belonging to 37 Amerindian communities in Amazonas state, were screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc using ELISA. The partial region containing the S ORF was amplified by nested PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA 5.05 software. RESULTS Forty-six children (46/1275, 3.6%) and one hundred and seventy-seven mothers (177/572, 30.9%) were tested positive for the anti-HBc serological marker. Among them, 190 samples were tested for viral genome detection; 8.3% (2/31) serum samples obtained from children and 3.1% (5/159) from mothers were positive for the ORF S PCR. The predominant HBV genotype in the study population was F, subgenotype F1b; in addition, subgenotype F1a and genotype A were also characterized. Two HBV escape mutants were identified, G145R, reported worldwide, and W156*; this stop codon was identified in a child with occult HBV infection. Other mutations were found, L109R and G130E, located in critical positions of the HBsAg sequence. CONCLUSIONS This study aimed to characterize the HBV genotype F, subgenotypes F1b and F1a, and genotype A in Amerindian communities and for the first time escape mutants in Colombia. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the frequency and the epidemiological impact of the escape mutants in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mario Jaramillo
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Fernando de La Hoz
- Grupo de Epidemiologia y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Porras
- Grupo de Epidemiologia y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana di Filippo
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Edra Payares
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Publica del Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia
| | - Neyla Montes
- Coordinacion Salud Publica, Alcaldia de Puerto Nariño, Puerto Nariño, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Jose-Abrego A, Panduro A, Fierro NA, Roman S. High prevalence of HBV infection, detection of subgenotypes F1b, A2, and D4, and differential risk factors among Mexican risk populations with low socioeconomic status. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2149-2157. [PMID: 28792071 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be underestimated among high-risk individuals in regions of low HBs antigenemia. This study aimed to assess HBV serological markers, genotypes, and risk factors in Mexican patients with risk of HBV infection and low socioeconomic status. Demographics, clinical, and risk factor data were collected in patients with HIV (n = 289), HCV (n = 243), deferred blood donors (D-BD) (n = 83), and two native populations, Mixtecos (n = 57) and Purepechas (n = 44). HBV infection was assessed by HBsAg, anti-HBc, and HBV-DNA testing. Overall, patients had low education and very-low income. Totally, HBsAg prevalence was 16.5% (113/684) ranging from 0.7% (HCV) to 37.3% (D-BD), while anti-HBc was 30.2% (207/684). Among 52 sequences, genotypes H (n = 34, 65.4%), G (n = 4, 7.7%), subgenotypes F1b (n = 7, 13.5%), A2 (n = 6, 11.5%), and D4 (n = 1, 1.9%) were detected. Surgeries, sexual promiscuity, and blood transfusions had a differential pattern of distribution. In HCV patients, single (OR = 5.84, 95%Cl 1.91-17.80, P = 0.002), MSM (OR = 4.80, 95%Cl 0.75-30.56, P = 0.097), and IDU (OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.058-8.09, P = 0.039) were predictors for HBV infection. While IDU (OR = 2.68, 95%CI 1.08-6.61, P = 0.033) and MSM (OR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.39-5.04, P = 0.003) were predictors in HIV patients. In this group, MSM was associated with HBsAg positivity (OR = 3.45, 95%CI 1.48-8.07, P = 0.004) and IDU with anti-HBc positivity (OR = 5.12, 95%CI 2.05-12.77, P < 0.001). In conclusion, testing with a combined approach of three different HBV markers, a high prevalence of HBV infection, a differential distribution of HBV genotypes, including subgenotypes F1b, A2, and D4, as well as risk factors in low-income Mexican risk groups were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Jose-Abrego
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Arturo Panduro
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nora A Fierro
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Roman
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Rendon JC, Cortes-Mancera F, Restrepo-Gutierrez JC, Hoyos S, Navas MC. Molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with end-stage liver disease in Colombia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180447. [PMID: 28686707 PMCID: PMC5501523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) occult infection (OBI) is a risk factor to be taken into account in transfusion, hemodialysis and organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize at the molecular level OBI cases in patients with end-stage liver disease. Methods Sixty-six liver samples were obtained from patients with diagnosis of end-stage liver disease submitted to liver transplantation in Medellin (North West, Colombia). Samples obtained from patients who were negative for the surface antigen of HBV (n = 50) were tested for viral DNA detection by nested PCR for ORFs S, C, and X and confirmed by Southern-Blot. OBI cases were analyzed by sequencing the viral genome to determine the genotype and mutations; additionally, viral genome integration events were examined by the Alu-PCR technique. Results In five cases out of 50 patients (10%) the criteria for OBI was confirmed. HBV genotype F (subgenotypes F1 and F3), genotype A and genotype D were characterized in liver samples. Three integration events in chromosomes 5q14.1, 16p13 and 20q12 affecting Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T, Ras Protein Specific Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor 2, and the zinc finger 263 genes were identified in two OBI cases. Sequence analysis of the viral genome of the 5 OBI cases showed several punctual missense and nonsense mutations affecting ORFs S, P, Core and X. Conclusions This is the first characterization of OBI in patients with end-stage liver disease in Colombia. The OBI cases were identified in patients with HCV infection or cryptogenic cirrhosis. The integration events (5q14.1, 16p13 and 20q12) described in this study have not been previously reported. Further studies are required to validate the role of mutations and integration events in OBI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Rendon
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Fabian Cortes-Mancera
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovacion Biomédica GIB, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano (ITM), Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Restrepo-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- Unidad de Hepatologia y Trasplante Hepatico, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sergio Hoyos
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- Unidad de Hepatologia y Trasplante Hepatico, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Nguyen HM, Sy BT, Trung NT, Hoan NX, Wedemeyer H, Velavan TP, Bock CT. Prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis delta virus among chronic hepatitis B carriers in Central Vietnam. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175304. [PMID: 28403190 PMCID: PMC5389633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection plays an important role in liver diseases. However, the molecular epidemiology and impact of HDV infection in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain uncertain in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HDV among HBsAg-positive patients in Central Vietnam. 250 CHB patients were tested for HDV using newly established HDV-specific RT-PCR techniques. HDV genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. Of the 250 patients 25 (10%) had detectable copies of HDV viral RNA. HDV-2 was predominant (20/25; 80%) followed by HDV-1 (5/25; 20%). Proven HDV genotypes share the Asian nomenclature. Chronic hepatitis B patients with concomitant HDV-1 showed higher HBV loads as compared to HDV-2 infected patients [median log10 (HBV-DNA copies/ml): 8.5 vs. 4.4, P = 0.036]. Our findings indicate that HDV infection is highly prevalent and HDV-2 is predominant in Central Vietnam. The data will add new information to the management of HBsAg-positive patients in a highly HBV endemic region to in- or exclude HDV infection in terms of diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Minh Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- * E-mail: (CTB); (HMN)
| | - Bui Tien Sy
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- German Center for Infection Research, Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C-Thomas Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (CTB); (HMN)
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Jamjoom GA, El-Daly MM, Azhar EI, Fallatah HI, Akbar HO, Babatin M, Alghamdi AS, Dgdgi MI, Hamid MA, Qari YA, El-Kafrawy SA. Prevalence and molecular characterization of hepatitis D virus in Saudi Arabia: A single-center study. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:176-182. [PMID: 28611341 PMCID: PMC5470377 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_515_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that is dependent on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for transmission and replication. HDV significance arises from the possibility of poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In Saudi Arabia, HDV prevalence varied from 8 to 32% before the HBV vaccination program and ranged from 0 to 14.7% after the vaccination program was started. The last study, performed in 2004, showed a prevalence of 8.6% in hospital-based HBV cases and 3.3% in healthy donors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization of HDV in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by molecular and serological techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect HDV at the molecular level in Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included samples from 182 CHB patients from Jeddah; 13 samples with HBsAg negative were excluded. Samples were tested for HDV-Ab, viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the HDV L-Ag region and sequence analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 44.36 years; 75.1% of the participants were Saudi nationals, 58% were males. Nine samples were positive for HDV-Ab and four were borderline; all were subjected to RT-PCR amplification. Three of the positive HDV-Ab cases and 1 borderline case were positive by RT-PCR. All the positive cases had HBV genotype D, and the positive RT-PCR cases were positive for HBV DNA. One of the HDV viremic samples was of genotype 1 by sequencing. The prevalence of HDV in the study was 7.7%, which was lower in Saudis (6.3%) than in non-Saudis (11.9%). CONCLUSION HDV coinfection does not seem to have an effect on the clinical status of the recruited CHB cases in this study. More studies are needed to investigate the genetic diversity in other areas such as the southern parts of the Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi A. Jamjoom
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind I. Fallatah
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham O. Akbar
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammed I. Dgdgi
- Gastroenterology Department, King Fahd Central Hospital, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Hamid
- Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yousef A. Qari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sherif A. El-Kafrawy, Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah - 21589, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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30
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Analysis of hepatitis B virus genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism. BIOMEDICA 2015; 36:79-88. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i0.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
<p><strong>Introducción.</strong> Se han descrito diez genotipos (A-J) del virus de la hepatitis B (HBV) que están distribuidos en todos los continentes. Una de las técnicas utilizadas para determinar el genotipo viral es el análisis del polimorfismo de longitud de los fragmentos de restricción, un método simple y económico, pero con algunas limitaciones.<br /><strong>Objetivo.</strong> El objetivo inicial del estudio fue identificar el genotipo del HBV mediante RFLP en muestras de suero obtenidas de pacientes y donantes de sangre. Sin embargo, por las discrepancias observadas en los patrones de RFLP fue necesario realizar análisis filogenéticos y un análisis in silico de secuencias del HBV.<br /><strong>Materiales y métodos.</strong> Se obtuvieron 56 muestras de suero. Tras la extracción de ADN, se amplificó un fragmento del ORF S del HBV mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, cuyos productos se analizaron por RFLP con las enzimas <em>AlwI</em>, <em>BsrI</em>, <em>CfrI</em>, <em>HpaII</em> y <em>StyI</em>, y algunos se secuenciaron. Los patrones obtenidos se compararon con los reportados previamente. Se efectuó un análisis<em> in silico</em> de RFLP en consideración de las diferencias entre los patrones esperados y los observados.<br /><strong>Resultados.</strong> Se identificaron los genotipos A y F, subgenotipo F3, en las muestras. Este resultado coincide con lo descrito en estudios previos en los que se ha demostrado que el genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, es prevalente en la población de la región andina del país, en tanto que el genotipo A predomina en el occidente (departamento del Chocó). Con base en el análisis <em>in silico</em> de 229 secuencias virales obtenidas del GenBank y las 11 secuencias de este estudio, se caracterizó un nuevo patrón de RFLP específico para el genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, y se describieron algunas modificaciones en el patrón de RFLP del genotipo A, subgenotipo A1.<br /><strong>Conclusiones.</strong> Se caracterizó el patrón de genotipificación del genotipo F, subgenotipo F3, del HBV mediante RFLP, análisis in silico y secuenciación. Se requieren nuevos análisis in silico con un número mayor de secuencias para validar los patrones de RFLP de los genotipos y subgenotipos del VHB.</p>
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