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Appiah P, Gbassana G, Adusei-Poku M, Obeng BM, Duedu KO, Sagoe KWC. Genetic landscape for majority and minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naive patients in Accra, Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33180. [PMID: 39022058 PMCID: PMC11253264 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The successful detection of drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-1 infected patients has improved the management of HIV infection. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect low-frequency mutations is predicted to be useful for efficiently testing minority drug resistance mutations, which could contribute to virological failure. This study employed Sanger sequencing and NGS to detect and compare minority and majority drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 strains in treatment-naive patients from Ghana. Method From a previous study, 20 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive participants were selected for a cross-sectional study. Sanger sequencing and NGS techniques were used to detect the majority and minority HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) mutations, respectively, in the protease (PR) and partial reverse transcriptase (RT) genes. NGS detected mutations at 1 % and 5 % frequencies and Sanger sequencing at ≥20 % frequencies. The sequences obtained from NGS and Sanger sequencing platforms were submitted to the Stanford HIV drug resistance database for subtyping, mutation identification, and interpretations. Results Sequences from the twenty participants where the CRF02_AG was the predominant strain (16, 80 %) were analyzed. NGS detected 25 mutations in the RT and PR genes, compared to 21 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Minority DRMs were detected at the prevalence of 55.0 % with NGS against 35 % DRMs by Sanger sequencing. One of the patients had eight different HIVDR variants, with two minority variants. These mutations were directed against PI (K20I and D30DN), NNRTI (Y181C, M23LM and V108I) and NRTI (K65R, M184I, and D67N). Conclusion The study affirms the usefulness of genomic sequencing for drug resistance testing in HIV. It further shows that Sanger sequencing alone may not be adequate to detect mutations and that NGS capacity should be developed and deployed in the Ghanaian clinical settings for patients living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pious Appiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gaspah Gbassana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, A. M. Dogliotti School of Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Mildred Adusei-Poku
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Billal Musah Obeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Immunovirology & Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kwabena Obeng Duedu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Birmingham, B15 3TN, United Kingdom
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Huo Z, Zhu X, Peng Q, Chen C, Yang X, Huang C, Xiang Y, Tian Q, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang P. LINC08148 promotes the caveola-mediated endocytosis of Zika virus through upregulating transcription of Src. J Virol 2024; 98:e0170523. [PMID: 38742902 PMCID: PMC11237476 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01705-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a new group of host factors involved in viral infection. Current study identified an intergenic lncRNA, LINC08148, as a proviral factor of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus 2 (DENV2). Knockout (KO) or silencing of LINC08148 decreases the replication of ZIKV and DENV2. LINC08148 mainly acts at the endocytosis step of ZIKV but at a later stage of DENV2. RNA-seq analysis reveals that LINC08148 knockout downregulates the transcription levels of five endocytosis-related genes including AP2B1, CHMP4C, DNM1, FCHO1, and Src. Among them, loss of Src significantly decreases the uptake of ZIKV. Trans-complementation of Src in the LINC08148KO cells largely restores the caveola-mediated endocytosis of ZIKV, indicating that the proviral effect of LINC08148 is exerted through Src. Finally, LINC08148 upregulates the Src transcription through associating with its transcription factor SP1. This work establishes an essential role of LINC08148 in the ZIKV entry, underscoring a significance of lncRNAs in the viral infection. IMPORTANCE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), like proteins, participate in viral infection. However, functions of most lncRNAs remain unknown. In this study, we performed a functional screen based on microarray data and identified a new proviral lncRNA, LINC08148. Then, we uncovered that LINC08148 is involved in the caveola-mediated endocytosis of ZIKV, rather than the classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mechanistically, LINC08148 upregulates the transcription of Src, an initiator of caveola-mediated endocytosis, through binding to its transcription factor SP1. This study identifies a new lncRNA involved in the ZIKV infection, suggesting lncRNAs and cellular proteins are closely linked and cooperate to regulate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yincheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingju Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Food and Cosmetics Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Liang Y, Kong Y, Rao M, Zhou X, Li C, Meng Y, Chen Y, Li H, Luo Z. Inhibition of ESCRT-independent extracellular vesicles biogenesis suppresses enterovirus 71 replication and pathogenesis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131453. [PMID: 38588842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), neurological complications, and even fatalities in infants. Clinically, the increase of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in EV71 patients' serum was highly associated with the severity of HFMD. EV71 boosts EVs biogenesis in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent manner to facilitate viral replication. Yet, the impact of EVs-derived from ESCRT-independent pathway on EV71 replication and pathogenesis is highly concerned. Here, we assessed the effects of EV71-induced EVs from ESCRT-independent pathway on viral replication and pathogenesis by GW4869, a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor. Detailly, in EV71-infected mice, blockade of the biogenesis of tissue-derived EVs in the presence of GW4869 restored body weight loss, attenuated clinical scores, and improved survival rates. Furthermore, GW4869 dampens EVs biogenesis to reduce viral load and pathogenesis in multiple tissues of EV71-infected mice. Consistently, GW4869 treatment in a human intestinal epithelial HT29 cells decreased the biogenesis of EVs, in which the progeny EV71 particle was cloaked, leading to the reduction of viral infection and replication. Collectively, GW4869 inhibits EV71-induced EVs in an ESCRT-independent pathway and ultimately suppresses EV71 replication and pathogenesis. Our study provides a novel strategy for the development of therapeutic agents in the treatment for EV71-associated HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Liang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Menglan Rao
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi Meng
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanxi Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhen Luo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Yan J, Wang M, Li X, Fan J, Yu R, Kang M, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhang S. Construction of an infectious clone for enterovirus A89 and mutagenesis analysis of viral infection and cell binding. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0333223. [PMID: 38441464 PMCID: PMC10986554 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03332-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A89 (EV-A89) is an unconventional strain belonging to the Enterovirus A species. Limited research has been conducted on EV-A89, leaving its biological and pathogenic properties unclear. Developing reverse genetic tools for EV-A89 would help to unravel its infection mechanisms and aid in the development of vaccines and anti-viral drugs. In this study, an infectious clone for EV-A89 was successfully constructed and recombinant enterovirus A89 (rEV-A89) was generated. The rEV-A89 exhibited similar characteristics such as growth curve, plaque morphology, and dsRNA expression with parental strain. Four amino acid substitutions were identified in the EV-A89 capsid, which were found to enhance viral infection. Mechanistic studies revealed that these substitutions increased the virus's cell-binding ability. Establishing reverse genetic tools for EV-A89 will significantly contribute to understanding viral infection and developing anti-viral strategies.IMPORTANCEEnterovirus A species contain many human pathogens and have been classified into conventional cluster and unconventional cluster. Most of the research focuses on various conventional members, while understanding of the life cycle and infection characteristics of unconventional viruses is still very limited. In our study, we constructed the infectious cDNA clone and single-round infectious particles for the unconventional EV-A89, allowing us to investigate the biological properties of recombinant viruses. Moreover, we identified key amino acids residues that facilitate EV-A89 infection and elucidate their roles in enhancing viral binding to host cells. The establishment of the reverse genetics system will greatly facilitate future study on the life cycle of EV-A89 and contribute to the development of prophylactic vaccines and anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hassan AM, Zehairy AA, Awatif Abid AJ, Sohrab SS, Esam IA. Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of N protein gene from Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV). Bioinformation 2024; 20:91-102. [PMID: 38497067 PMCID: PMC10941780 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis caused by RVFV in humans and livestock. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies available. Additionally, in Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of a routine screening system to monitor RVFV in humans and animals which hinders to design and develop the preventive measures as well as the prediction of future outbreaks and the potential re-emergence of RVFV. Hence, we have performed the cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, of nucleocapsid (N) protein gene. The sequence analysis showed high similarities with RVFV isolates reported from humans and animals. The highest similarity (99.5%) was observed with an isolate from Saudi Arabia (KU978775-Human) followed by 99.1% with four RVFV isolates (Human and Bovine) from other locations. A total of 51 nucleotides and 31 amino acid variations were observed throughout the N protein gene sequences. The phylogenetic relationship formed closed clusters with other isolates collected from Saudi Arabia. Thus, we report of the cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of the RVFV-N protein gene from Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Ahmed Zehairy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Judaibi Awatif Abid
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Azhar Esam
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wei Y, Liu H, Hu D, He Q, Yao C, Li H, Hu K, Wang J. Recent Advances in Enterovirus A71 Infection and Antiviral Agents. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100298. [PMID: 38008182 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) that majorly affects children. Most of the time, HFMD is a mild disease but can progress to severe complications, such as meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. HFMD caused by EV-A71 has emerged as an acutely infectious disease of highly pathogenic potential in the Asia-Pacific region. In this review, we introduced the properties and life cycle of EV-A71, and the pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of EV-A71 infection, including tissue tropism and host range of virus infection, the diseases caused by the virus, as well as the genes and host cell immune mechanisms of major diseases caused by enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) infection, such as encephalitis and neurologic pulmonary edema. At the same time, clinicopathologic characteristics of EV-A71 infection were introduced. There is currently no specific medication for EV-A71 infection, highlighting the urgency and significance of developing suitable anti-EV-A71 agents. This overview also summarizes the targets of existing anti-EV-A71 agents, including virus entry, translation, polyprotein processing, replication, assembly and release; interferons; interleukins; the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase B signaling pathways; the oxidative stress pathway; the ubiquitin-proteasome system; and so on. Furthermore, it overviews the effects of natural products, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA interference against EV-A71. It also discusses issues limiting the research of antiviral drugs. This review is a systematic and comprehensive summary of the mechanism and pathological characteristics of EV-A71 infection, the latest progress of existing anti-EV-A71 agents. It would provide better understanding and guidance for the research and application of EV-A71 infection and antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun He
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenguang Yao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang W, Yang H, Liu Z, Wang S, Chen T, Song H, Xu Y, Li F, Luo G, Wang H. Enterovirus 71 leads to abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Virus Res 2024; 339:199267. [PMID: 37949375 PMCID: PMC10682842 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
EV71, a significant pathogen causing hand-foot-mouth disease, is associated with severe neurological complications such as brain stem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. While the role of mitochondrial dynamics in regulating the replication of numerous viruses is recognized, its specific involvement in EV71 remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells during EV71 infection. Utilizing laser confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that EV71 infection induced mitochondrial elongation and damage to cristae structures, concurrently accelerating mitochondrial movement. Furthermore, we identified the reduction in the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) and the increased expression of Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2) upon EV71 infection. Notably, EV71 directly stimulated the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Remarkably, the application of melatonin, a potent mitochondrial protector, inhibited EV71 replication by restoring Drp1 expression. These findings collectively indicate that EV71 induces alterations in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics within SK-N-SH cells, potentially impairing mitochondrial function and contributing to nervous system dysfunction. The restoration of proper mitochondrial dynamics may hold promise as a prospective approach to counteract EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhengyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Hong Song
- Department of Microbiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yunbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Fajin Li
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Guo Luo
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of infectious disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Kresht J, Hatem G, Lahoud N, Zein S, Khachman D. Development and validation of a short tool to assess the awareness of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study among pregnant women in Lebanon. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2023; 3:100227. [PMID: 37342470 PMCID: PMC10277585 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are responsible for most perinatal and fetal mortality. Few programs are patient-centered during pregnancy, thereby increasing the risks of misinformation and misconceptions among pregnant women and, as a result, malpractices. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and validate a form to assess the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about HDPs. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted over 4 months, targeting 135 pregnant women from 5 obstetrics and gynecology clinics. A self-reported survey was developed and validated, and an awareness score was generated. RESULTS The mean maternal age of the participants was 27.3 (5.3) years. About 80% of the participants reported that they monitored their weight during pregnancy, and 70.4% monitored their blood pressure, out of which 73.8% performed it at the doctor's clinic only. Overall, participants had a total score of 16.9 (3.1) over 25 with higher attitude scores than knowledge scores. Less than half of the patients (45.2%) knew the cut-off for hypertension. With respect to knowledge statements, higher scores were noted for statements related to the symptoms of HDPs, and lower scores were reported for statements related to some HDP complications. Older women and those who monitored their blood pressure during pregnancy had significantly higher awareness scores. Those working had higher awareness of HDPs (67.4%), whereas about half of nonworkers (53.9%) showed lower awareness scores (P=.019). CONCLUSION Pregnant women had moderate awareness of HDPs. The short 25-item tool developed in the present study can be used in obstetric clinics to explore the awareness of women of HDPs.
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Sarkar MMH, Rahman MS, Islam MR, Rahman A, Islam MS, Banu TA, Akter S, Goswami B, Jahan I, Habib MA, Uddin MM, Mia MZ, Miah MI, Shaikh AA, Khan MS. Comparative phylogenetic analysis and transcriptomic profiling of Dengue (DENV-3 genotype I) outbreak in 2021 in Bangladesh. Virol J 2023; 20:127. [PMID: 37337232 PMCID: PMC10278332 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology facilitates in-depth study of host-pathogen metatranscriptome. We, therefore, implicated phylodynamic and transcriptomic approaches through NGS technology to know/understand the dengue virus (DENV) origin and host response with dengue fever. Methods In this study, blood serum RNA was extracted from 21 dengue patients and 3 healthy individuals. Total transcriptomic data were analyzed for phylogenetic, phylodynamic, differential express gene (DEG), and gene ontology (GO) using respective bioinformatics tools. Results The viral genome sequence revealed dengue viral genome size ranges 10647 to 10707 nucleotide. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis showed that the 2021 epidemic isolates were DENV-3 genotype-I and maintained as a new clade in compared to 2019 epidemic. Transcriptome analysis showed a total of 2686 genes were DEG in dengue patients compared to control with a q-value < 0.05. DESeq2 plot counts function of the top 24 genes with the smallest q-values of differential gene expression of RNA-seq data showed that 11 genes were upregulated, whereas 13 genes were downregulated. GO analysis showed a significant upregulation (p = < 0.001) in a process of multicellular organismal, nervous system, sensory perception of chemical stimulus, and G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways in the dengue patients. However, there were a significant downregulation (p = < 0.001) of intracellular component, cellular anatomical entity, and protein-containing complex in dengue patients. Most importantly, there was a significant increase of a class of immunoregulatory proteins in dengue patients in compared to the controls, with increased GO of immune system process. In addition, upregulation of toll receptor (TLR) signaling pathways were found in dengue patients. These TLR pathways were particularly involved for the activation of innate system coupled with adaptive immune system that probably involved the rapid elimination of dengue virus infected cells. These differentially expressed genes could be further investigated for target based prophylactic interventions for dengue. Conclusion This is a first report describing DENV complete genomic features and differentially expressed genes in patients in Bangladesh. These genes may have diagnostic and therapeutic values for dengue infection. Continual genomic surveillance is required to further investigate the shift in dominant genotypes in relation to viral pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-023-02030-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - M Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arafat Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tanjina Akhtar Banu
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Barna Goswami
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iffat Jahan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahashan Habib
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mohi Uddin
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zakaria Mia
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim Miah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salim Khan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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10
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Tahsiri Z, Niakousari M, Niakowsari A. Magnetic graphene oxide, a suitable support in ficin immobilization. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16971. [PMID: 37484313 PMCID: PMC10361020 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop a fast, non-toxic ultrasonic-assisted technique for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) and GO that were accessorized with Fe3O4 (GO-Fe3O4) for enzyme immobilization. The structural properties of nanosheets were determined by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Immobilized enzymes on the GO-Fe3O4 and GO were counted. Enzyme activity, reusability, and improvements in enzyme stability were studied. According to the results, the immobilization efficiency was 256.86 mg ficin/GO (g), and 253.63 mg ficin/GO-Fe3O4 (g). Furthermore, immobilized ficin was affected in terms of stability by variations in pH and temperature. The immobilized ficin on the GO-Fe3O4 could be easily recycled from the reaction medium by applying external magnetic separation, involving 10 cycles for 120 days. Over this period and with this number of cycles, the immobilized enzyme on the GO-Fe3O4 retained 74% of its original activity, whereas the immobilized enzyme on the GO was recycled from the reaction medium after centrifuging, thereby retaining 70% of its original activity. Thus, GO and GO-Fe3O4 nanosheets were obtained efficiently from the ultrasonic-assisted technique and can be regarded as excellent nanocarriers for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Tahsiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Niakousari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Niakowsari
- Departments of Communication and Electronics, School of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Megersa T, Dango S, Kumsa K, Lemma K, Lencha B. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:125. [PMID: 36959649 PMCID: PMC10036163 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year, large number of women are suffering from cervical cancer. Particularly women living with HIV are at high-risk of being suffered with it. Early testing of high-risk human papillomavirus infection can significantly reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. However, lack of early and regular testing has been identified as one of the major problems among risky populations. METHODS Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities with a total sample size of 406 from February 1-March 30, 2022. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire and checklist was used to collect data. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi-info version 7.2.5 and exported to statistical package for social science version 24 for analysis. Finally, bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to test association between exposure and outcome under study and p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The prevalence of high-risk HPV infections among study participant was 173(35.2%) with 95% CI (30.5%-40.1%). Prevalence of high-risk HPV type 16, 18 and other high-risk HPV types were 62(15.3%), 23(5.7%) and 58(14.3%), respectively. Having history of sexually transmitted infections [AOR = 3.120; 95% CI (1.977-4.923)], Endline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR = 3.072; 95% CI(1.009-9.350)], Endline HIV viral-load ≥ 50 copies/ml [AOR = 3.446; 95% CI(1.368-8.683)] and more than one-lifetime sexual partner [AOR = 2.112; 95% CI(1.297-3.441)] were significantly associated with high-risk HPV infections. CONCLUSION More than one third of women living with HIV had high-risk HPV. Having history of STI, low CD4 count, high viral load and multiple sexual partners were associated with high risk HPV. HIV positive women with these risk factors should be given special consideration in clinical and public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Megersa
- Shashemene Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Shashemene, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
| | - Sisay Dango
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Shashemene Campus, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Kumsa
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Shashemene Campus, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Kebebew Lemma
- Shashemene Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Shashemene, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Lencha
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University Shashemene Campus, Shashemene, Ethiopia
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12
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Hu K, Onintsoa Diarimalala R, Yao C, Li H, Wei Y. EV-A71 Mechanism of Entry: Receptors/Co-Receptors, Related Pathways and Inhibitors. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030785. [PMID: 36992493 PMCID: PMC10051052 DOI: 10.3390/v15030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71, a non-enveloped single-stranded (+) RNA virus, enters host cells through three stages: attachment, endocytosis and uncoating. In recent years, receptors/co-receptors anchored on the host cell membrane and involved in this process have been continuously identified. Among these, hSCARB-2 was the first receptor revealed to specifically bind to a definite site of the EV-A71 viral capsid and plays an indispensable role during viral entry. It actually acts as the main receptor due to its ability to recognize all EV-A71 strains. In addition, PSGL-1 is the second EV-A71 receptor discovered. Unlike hSCARB-2, PSGL-1 binding is strain-specific; only 20% of EV-A71 strains isolated to date are able to recognize and bind it. Some other receptors, such as sialylated glycan, Anx 2, HS, HSP90, vimentin, nucleolin and fibronectin, were discovered successively and considered as "co-receptors" because, without hSCARB-2 or PSGL-1, they are not able to mediate entry. For cypA, prohibitin and hWARS, whether they belong to the category of receptors or of co-receptors still needs further investigation. In fact, they have shown to exhibit an hSCARB-2-independent entry. All this information has gradually enriched our knowledge of EV-A71's early stages of infection. In addition to the availability of receptors/co-receptors for EV-A71 on host cells, the complex interaction between the virus and host proteins and various intracellular signaling pathways that are intricately connected to each other is critical for a successful EV-A71 invasion and for escaping the attack of the immune system. However, a lot remains unknown about the EV-A71 entry process. Nevertheless, researchers have been continuously interested in developing EV-A71 entry inhibitors, as this study area offers a large number of targets. To date, important progress has been made toward the development of several inhibitors targeting: receptors/co-receptors, including their soluble forms and chemically designed compounds; virus capsids, such as capsid inhibitors designed on the VP1 capsid; compounds potentially interfering with related signaling pathways, such as MAPK-, IFN- and ATR-inhibitors; and other strategies, such as siRNA and monoclonal antibodies targeting entry. The present review summarizes these latest studies, which are undoubtedly of great significance in developing a novel therapeutic approach against EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghong Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rominah Onintsoa Diarimalala
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Chenguang Yao
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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13
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Efstathiou S, Ottens F, Schütter LS, Ravanelli S, Charmpilas N, Gutschmidt A, Le Pen J, Gehring NH, Miska EA, Bouças J, Hoppe T. ER-associated RNA silencing promotes ER quality control. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1714-1725. [PMID: 36471127 PMCID: PMC9729107 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) coordinates mRNA translation and processing of secreted and endomembrane proteins. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, but the physiological regulation of this process remains poorly characterized. Here, in a genetic screen using an ERAD model substrate in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified an anti-viral RNA interference pathway, referred to as ER-associated RNA silencing (ERAS), which acts together with ERAD to preserve ER homeostasis and function. Induced by ER stress, ERAS is mediated by the Argonaute protein RDE-1/AGO2, is conserved in mammals and promotes ER-associated RNA turnover. ERAS and ERAD are complementary, as simultaneous inactivation of both quality-control pathways leads to increased ER stress, reduced protein quality control and impaired intestinal integrity. Collectively, our findings indicate that ER homeostasis and organismal health are protected by synergistic functions of ERAS and ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Efstathiou
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Ottens
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Schütter
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonia Ravanelli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Charmpilas
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aljona Gutschmidt
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- BioNTech SE, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jérémie Le Pen
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels H Gehring
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jorge Bouças
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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14
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Activation of Host Cellular Signaling and Mechanism of Enterovirus 71 Viral Proteins Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102190. [PMID: 36298746 PMCID: PMC9609926 DOI: 10.3390/v14102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are members of the Picornaviridae family consisting of human enterovirus groups A, B, C, and D as well as nonhuman enteroviruses. Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major cause of viral encephalitis, known as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in children worldwide, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. EV71 and coxsackievirus A16 are the two viruses responsible for HFMD which are members of group A enteroviruses. The identified EV71 receptors provide useful information for understanding viral replication and tissue tropism. Host factors interact with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of EV71 to regulate viral translation. However, the specific molecular features of the respective viral genome that determine virulence remain unclear. Although a vaccine is currently approved, there is no effective therapy for treating EV71-infected patients. Therefore, understanding the host-pathogen interaction could provide knowledge in viral pathogenesis and further benefits to anti-viral therapy development. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest findings about the interaction of viral ligands with the host receptors as well as the activation of immunerelated signaling pathways for innate immunity and the involvement of different cytokines and chemokines during host-pathogen interaction. The study also examined the roles of viral proteins, mainly 2A and 3C protease, interferons production and their inhibitory effects.
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15
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Sarangi MK, Padhi S, Patel LD, Rath G, Nanda SS, Yi DK. Theranostic efficiency of biosurfactants against COVID-19 and similar viruses - A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 76:103764. [PMID: 36090183 PMCID: PMC9444339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The world has witnessed an extreme vulnerability of a pandemic during 2020; originated from China. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is infecting and beginning deaths in thousands to millions, creating of the global economic crisis. Biosurfactants (BSs) can carry the prevention, control and management of pandemic out through diverse approaches, such as pharmaceutical, therapeutic, hygienic and environmental. The microbiotas having virulent intrinsic properties towards starting as easily as spreading of diseases (huge morbidity and mortality) could be inhibited via BSs. Such elements could be recognised for their antimicrobial activity, capability to interact with the immune system via micelles formation and in nanoparticulate synthesis. However, they can be used for developing novel and more effective therapeutics, pharmaceuticals, non-toxic formulations, vaccines, and effective cleaning agents. Such approaches can be utilized for product development and implemented for managing and combating the pandemic conditions. This review emphasized on the potentiality of BSs as key components with several ways for protecting against unknown and known pathogens, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sarangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Pin-248001, India
| | - L D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, Pin-391760, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, 751030, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin, 03674, South Korea
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16
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Cong VT, Houng JL, Kavallaris M, Chen X, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. How can we use the endocytosis pathways to design nanoparticle drug-delivery vehicles to target cancer cells over healthy cells? Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7531-7559. [PMID: 35938511 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery in cancer typically focuses on maximising the endocytosis of drugs into the diseased cells. However, there has been less focus on exploiting the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer cells versus non-cancer cells. An understanding of the endocytosis pathways in both cancer and non-cancer cells allows for the design of nanoparticles to deliver drugs to cancer cells whilst restricting healthy cells from taking up anticancer drugs, thus efficiently killing the cancer cells. Herein we compare the differences in the endocytosis pathways of cancer and healthy cells. Second, we highlight the importance of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, stiffness, and surface chemistry) on cellular uptake and how they can be adjusted to selectively target the dominated endocytosis pathway of cancer cells over healthy cells and to deliver anticancer drug to the target cells. The review generates new thought in the design of cancer-selective nanoparticles based on the endocytosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Cong
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jacinta L Houng
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. .,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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17
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Dhakar V, Geetanjali AS. Role of pepper mild mottle virus as a tracking tool for fecal pollution in aquatic environments. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:513. [PMID: 35864362 PMCID: PMC9303839 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant pathogen pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) has recently been proposed as a water quality indicator, it is a RNA virus belonging to the genus Tobamovirus in the family Virgoviridae that causes harm to the pepper crops. After consuming processed food products containing infected peppers, such as hot sauces, PMMoV is excreted in high concentrations in feces; therefore, this is the most common RNA virus, constantly found in the feces of humans. The fecal-oral pathway is emerging as an environmental problem. The presence of high concentrations of pathogens associated with human excreta in environmental waters or water reuse supplies poses a threat to public health. Due to the difficulty in determining the presence of pathogens effectively in water, attempts to monitor microbial water quality often use surrogates or indicator organisms that can be easily detected; therefore, PMMoV is used as a viral surrogate in aquatic environment. This paper describes the incidence and persistence of PMMoV in aquatic environments and in waste treatment plants and its usefulness for quantifying virus reductions by advanced water treatment technologies. In recent research, SARS-CoV-2 was reported to be found in wastewater and utilized for the purpose of monitoring coronavirus illness outbreaks. Since PMMoV is readily identified in the human feces and can also serve as an indicator of human waste, the determined PMMoV concentrations may be utilized to give the normalized report of the SARS-CoV-2 concentration, so that, the amount of human waste found in the wastewater can be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dhakar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Swapna Geetanjali
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Freitas ED, Bataglioli RA, Oshodi J, Beppu MM. Antimicrobial peptides and their potential application in antiviral coating agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112693. [PMID: 35853393 PMCID: PMC9262651 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemic has evidenced the importance of creating bioactive materials to mitigate viral infections, especially in healthcare settings and public places. Advances in antiviral coatings have led to materials with impressive antiviral performance; however, their application may face health and environmental challenges. Bio-inspired antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are suitable building blocks for antimicrobial coatings due to their versatile design, scalability, and environmentally friendly features. This review presents the advances and opportunities on the AMPs to create virucidal coatings. The review first describes the fundamental characteristics of peptide structure and synthesis, highlighting the recent findings on AMPs and the role of peptide structure (α-helix, β-sheet, random, and cyclic peptides) on the virucidal mechanism. The following section presents the advances in AMPs coating on medical devices with a detailed description of the materials coated and the targeted pathogens. The use of peptides in vaccine formulations is also reported, emphasizing the molecular interaction of peptides with different viruses and the current clinical stage of each formulation. The role of several materials (metallic particles, inorganic materials, and synthetic polymers) in the design of antiviral coatings is also presented, discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of each material. The final section offers future directions and opportunities for using AMPs on antiviral coatings to prevent viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle D Freitas
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Bataglioli
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Josephine Oshodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Marisa M Beppu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil.
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19
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Antidepressant Sertraline Is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Enteroviruses Targeting Viral Entry through Neutralization of Endolysosomal Acidification. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010109. [PMID: 35062313 PMCID: PMC8780434 DOI: 10.3390/v14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an etiological agent of hand foot and mouth disease and can also cause neurological complications in young children. However, there are no approved drugs as of yet to treat EV71 infections. In this study, we conducted antiviral drug screening by using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library. We identified five drugs that showed dose-dependent inhibition of viral replication. Sertraline was further characterized because it exhibited the most potent antiviral activity with the highest selectivity index among the five hits. The antiviral activity of sertraline was noted for other EV serotypes. The drug’s antiviral effect is not likely associated with its approved indications as an antidepressant and its mode-of-action as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The time-of-addition assay revealed that sertraline inhibited an EV71 infection at the entry stage. We also showed that sertraline partitioned into acidic compartments, such as endolysosomes, to neutralize the low pH levels. In agreement with the findings, the antiviral effect of sertraline could be greatly relieved by exposing virus-infected cells to extracellular low-pH culture media. Ultimately, we have identified a use for an FDA-approved antidepressant in broad-spectrum EV inhibition by blocking viral entry through the alkalization of the endolysosomal route.
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20
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Vieira IMM, Santos BLP, Ruzene DS, Silva DP. An overview of current research and developments in biosurfactants. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Ali W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chang C, Javed A, Ali K, Du W, Niazi NK, Mao K, Yang Z. Occurrence of various viruses and recent evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125439. [PMID: 33684818 PMCID: PMC7894103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are omnipresent and persistent in wastewater, which poses a risk to human health. In this review, we summarise the different qualitative and quantitative methods for virus analysis in wastewater and systematically discuss the spatial distribution and temporal patterns of various viruses (i.e., enteric viruses, Caliciviridae (Noroviruses (NoVs)), Picornaviridae (Enteroviruses (EVs)), Hepatitis A virus (HAV)), and Adenoviridae (Adenoviruses (AdVs))) in wastewater systems. Then we critically review recent SARS-CoV-2 studies to understand the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through wastewater surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 genetic material has been detected in wastewater from France, the Netherlands, Australia, Italy, Japan, Spain, Turkey, India, Pakistan, China, and the USA. We then discuss the utility of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate the occurrence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses and generate human health risk assessment. Finally, we not only promote the prevention of viral infectious disease transmission through wastewater but also highlight the potential use of WBE as an early warning system for public health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Chuanyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Asif Javed
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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22
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Gianolio L, Fumagalli M, Manfredini V, Mannarino S, Giacomet V, Zuccotti GV. Ventricular septal defect and aortic hypoplasia in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: occasional finding or underdetected correlation? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6558-6560. [PMID: 33910458 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1918086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: While other viral infections occurring in early pregnancy are known to be associated with fetal cardiac malformations, little is known about CMV and its causative role. Only a few case repots have been described reporting a correlation between congenital CMV infection and cardiac defects.Case-report: We report the case of a 7-day-old neonate who was referred to our Pediatric Infectivology Department for maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroconversion during the first trimester of pregnancy and confirmed congenital infection. At first evaluation, the baby presented with a cardiac murmur and signs of acute heart failure, along with jaundice and hypotonia. At cardiac ultrasound, a perimembranous doubly-committed ventricular septal defect and a reduced aortic isthmus diameter were revealed.Conclusion: Despite further large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm or rule out this association, CMV DNA urine detection might be worth to be considered as part of the diagnostic process in neonates with isolated heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gianolio
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy.,University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Fumagalli
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy.,University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Manfredini
- Department of Neonatology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Savina Mannarino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Vania Giacomet
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy.,University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- University of Milan, Milano, Italy.,Department of Pediatric, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milano, Italy
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23
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Wang M, Zhu L, Fan J, Yan J, Dun Y, Yu R, Liu L, Zhang S. Rules governing genetic exchanges among viral types from different Enterovirus A clusters. J Gen Virol 2021; 101:1145-1155. [PMID: 32762804 PMCID: PMC7879560 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Enterovirus A (EV-A) consists of two conventional clusters and one unconventional cluster. At present, sequence analysis shows no evidence of recombination between conventional and unconventional EV-A types. However, the factors underlying this genetic barrier are unclear. Here, we systematically dissected the genome components linked to these peculiar phenomena, using the viral reverse genetic tools. We reported that viral capsids of the unconventional EV-A types expressed poorly in human cells. The trans-encapsidation outputs across conventional and unconventional EV-A types were also with low efficiency. However, replicons of conventional types bearing exchanged 5'-untranslated region (UTR) or non-structural regions from the unconventional types were replication-competent. Furthermore, we created a viable recombinant EVA71 (conventional type) with its P3 region replaced by that from EVA89 (unconventional type). Thus, our data for the first time reveal the potential for fertile genetic exchanges between conventional and unconventional EV-A types. It also discloses that the mysterious recombination barriers may lie in uncoordinated capsid expression and particle assembly by different EV-A clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liuyao Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Dun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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24
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Rennick JJ, Johnston APR, Parton RG. Key principles and methods for studying the endocytosis of biological and nanoparticle therapeutics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:266-276. [PMID: 33712737 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a critical step in the process by which many therapeutic nanomedicines reach their intracellular targets. Our understanding of cellular uptake mechanisms has developed substantially in the past five years. However, these advances in cell biology have not fully translated to the nanoscience and therapeutics literature. Misconceptions surrounding the role of different endocytic pathways and how to study these pathways are hindering progress in developing improved nanoparticle therapies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into cellular uptake mechanisms and pathways. We highlight limitations of current systems to study endocytosis, particularly problems with non-specific inhibitors. We also summarize alternative genetic approaches to robustly probe these pathways and discuss the need to understand how cells endocytose particles in vivo. We hope that this critical assessment of the current methods used in studying nanoparticle uptake will guide future studies at the interface of cell biology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Rennick
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert G Parton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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25
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Zheng W, D’Aiuto L, Demers MJ, Muralidaran V, Wood JA, Wesesky M, Chattopadhyay A, Nimgaonkar VL. Insights into bioinformatic approaches for repurposing compounds as anti-viral drugs. Antivir Chem Chemother 2021; 29:20402066211036822. [PMID: 34463534 PMCID: PMC8411619 DOI: 10.1177/20402066211036822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing is a cost-effective strategy to identify drugs with novel effects. We searched for drugs exhibiting inhibitory activity to Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Our strategy utilized gene expression data generated from HSV-1-infected cell cultures which was paired with drug effects on gene expression. Gene expression data from HSV-1 infected and uninfected neurons were analyzed using BaseSpace Correlation Engine (Illumina®). Based on the general Signature Reversing Principle (SRP), we hypothesized that the effects of candidate antiviral drugs on gene expression would be diametrically opposite (negatively correlated) to those effects induced by HSV-1 infection. RESULTS We initially identified compounds capable of inducing changes in gene expression opposite to those which were consequent to HSV-1 infection. The most promising negatively correlated drugs (Valproic acid, Vorinostat) did not significantly inhibit HSV-1 infection further in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero cells). Next, we tested Sulforaphane and Menadione which showed effects similar to those caused by viral infections (positively correlated). Intriguingly, Sulforaphane caused a modest but significant inhibition of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells (IC50 = 180.4 µM, p = 0.008), but exhibited toxicity when further explored in human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal the limits of the commonly used SRP strategy when applied to the identification of novel antiviral drugs and highlight the necessity to refine the SRP strategy to increase its utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Third Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central
South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center
for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,
Changsha, China
| | - Leonardo D’Aiuto
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Matthew J Demers
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vaishali Muralidaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Joel A Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Maribeth Wesesky
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Molecular Biology Information Service, Health Sciences Library
System, University of
Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and
Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Administration
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, USA
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26
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Mbanga J, Abia ALK, Amoako DG, Essack SY. Quantitative microbial risk assessment for waterborne pathogens in a wastewater treatment plant and its receiving surface water body. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:346. [PMID: 33183235 PMCID: PMC7663859 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to safe water for drinking and domestic activities remains a challenge in emerging economies like South Africa, forcing resource-limited communities to use microbiologically polluted river water for personal and household purposes, posing a public health risk. This study quantified bacterial contamination and the potential health hazards that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers and communities may face after exposure to waterborne pathogenic bacteria in a WWTP and its associated surface water, respectively. RESULTS Escherichia coli (Colilert®-18/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) and enterococci (Enterolert®/ Quanti-Tray® 2000) were quantified and definitively identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the uidA and tuf genes, respectively. An approximate beta-Poisson dose-response model was used to estimate the probability of infection (Pi) with pathogenic E. coli. Mean E. coli concentration ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 4.84E+ 06/100 mL; enterococci ranged from 2.60E+ 02/100 mL to 3.19E+ 06/100 mL across all sampled sites. Of the 580 E. coli isolates obtained from this study, 89.1% were intestinal, and 7.6% were extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. The 579 enterococci obtained were 50.4% E. faecalis (50.4%), 31.4% E. faecium, 3.5%, E. casseliflavus and 0.7% E. gallinarum. The community health risk stemming from the use of the water for recreational and domestic purposes revealed a greater health risk (Pi) from the ingestion of 1 mL of river water from upstream (range, 55.1-92.9%) than downstream (range, 26.8-65.3%) sites. The occupational risk of infection with pathogenic E. coli for workers resulting from a once-off unintentional consumption of 1 mL of water was 0% (effluent) and 23.8% (raw influent). Multiple weekly exposures of 1 mL over a year could result in a Pi of 1.2 and 100% for the effluent and influent, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that there is a potentially high risk of infection for WWTP workers and communities that use river water upstream and downstream of the investigated WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mbanga
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, P.O Box AC 939 Ascot, Bulawayo, 00263, Zimbabwe.
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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27
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Diarimalala RO, Hu M, Wei Y, Hu K. Recent advances of enterovirus 71 [Formula: see text] targeting Inhibitors. Virol J 2020; 17:173. [PMID: 33176821 PMCID: PMC7657364 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With CA16, enterovirus-71 is the causative agent of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) which occurs mostly in children under 5 years-old and responsible of several outbreaks since a decade. Most of the time, HFMD is a mild disease but can progress to severe complications such as meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and even death; EV71 has been identified in all severe cases. Therefore, it is actually one of the most public health issues that threatens children's life. [Formula: see text] is a protease which plays important functions in EV71 infection. To date, a lot of [Formula: see text] inhibitors have been tested but none of them has been approved yet. Therefore, a drug screening is still an utmost importance in order to treat and/or prevent EV71 infections. This work highlights the EV71 life cycle, [Formula: see text] functions and [Formula: see text] inhibitors recently screened. It permits to well understand all mechanisms about [Formula: see text] and consequently allow further development of drugs targeting [Formula: see text]. Thus, this review is helpful for screening of more new [Formula: see text] inhibitors or for designing analogues of well known [Formula: see text] inhibitors in order to improve its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rominah Onintsoa Diarimalala
- National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- National 111 Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Dun Y, Yan J, Wang M, Wang M, Liu L, Yu R, Zhang S. Rac1-dependent endocytosis and Rab5-dependent intracellular trafficking are required by Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A10 to establish infections. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:97-103. [PMID: 32560826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) and Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) are representative types of Enterovirus A. Dependent on the host cell types, the EVA71 entry may utilize clathrin-, caveola-, and endophilin-A2-mediated endocytosis. However, the cell-entry and intracellular trafficking pathways of CVA10, using KREMEN1 as its receptor, are unclear. Here, we tested the relevant mechanisms through RNA interference (RNAi) and chemical inhibitors. We found that endocytosis of EVA71 and CVA10 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells engaged multiple pathways, and both viruses required Rac1. Interestingly, while CDC42 and Pak1 participated in EVA71 infection, PI3K played a role in CVA10 infection. The functions of Rab proteins in intracellular trafficking of CVA10 and EVA71 were examined by RNAi. Knockdown of Rab5 and Rab21 significantly reduced CVA10 infectivity, while knockdown of Rab5, Rab7 and Rab9 reduced EVA71 infectivity. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of CVA10 virions with Rab5 or Rab21, and colocalization of EVA71 virions with Rab5 or Rab7. Additionally, we observed that both CVA10 and EVA71 infections were inhibited by endosome acidification inhibitors, bafilomycin-A1 and NH4Cl. Together, our findings comparatively illustrate the entry and intracellular trafficking processes of representative Enterovirus A types and revealed novel enterovirus intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Yan J, Wang M, Wang M, Dun Y, Zhu L, Yi Z, Zhang S. Involvement of VCP/UFD1/Nucleolin in the viral entry of Enterovirus A species. Virus Res 2020; 283:197974. [PMID: 32289342 PMCID: PMC7151541 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) plays roles in various cellular activities. Recently, Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection was found to hijack the VCP protein. However, the mechanism by which VCP participates in the EVA71 life cycle remains unclear. Using chemical inhibitor, RNA interference and dominant negative mutant, we confirmed that the VCP and its ATPase activity were critical for EVA71 infection. To identify the factors downstream of VCP in enterovirus infection, 31 known VCP-cofactors were screened in the siRNA knockdown experiments. The results showed that UFD1 (ubiquitin recognition factor in ER associated degradation 1), but not NPL4 (NPL4 homolog, ubiquitin recognition factor), played critical roles in infections by EVA71. UFD1 knockdown suppressed the activity of EVA71 pseudovirus (causing single round infection) while it did not affect the viral replication in replicon RNA transfection assays. In addition, knockdown of VCP and UFD1 reduced viral infections by multiple human Enterovirus A serotypes. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of UFD1 significantly decreased the binding and the subsequent entry of EVA71 to host cells through modulating the levels of nucleolin protein, a coreceptor of EVA71. Together, these data reveal novel roles of VCP and its cofactor UFD1 in the virus entry by EVA71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Dun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuyao Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Department of Pathogen Diagnosis and Biosafety, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Wang M, Yan J, Zhu L, Wang M, Liu L, Yu R, Chen M, Xun J, Zhang Y, Yi Z, Zhang S. The Establishment of Infectious Clone and Single Round Infectious Particles for Coxsackievirus A10. Virol Sin 2020; 35:426-435. [PMID: 32144688 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease. There are no vaccine and antiviral drugs for controlling CVA10 infection. Reverse genetic tools for CVA10 will benefit its mechanistic study and development of vaccines and antivirals. Here, two infectious clones for the prototype and a Myc-tagged CVA10 were constructed. Viable CVA10 viruses were harvested by transfecting the viral mRNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Rescued CVA10 was further confirmed by next generation sequencing and characterized experimentally. We also constructed the vectors for CVA10 subgenomic replicon with luciferase reporter and viral capsid with EGFP reporter, respectively. Co-transfection of the viral replicon RNA and capsid expresser in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to the production of single round infectious particles (SRIPs). Based on CVA10 replicon RNA, SRIPs with either the enterovirus A71 (EVA71) capsid or the CVA10 capsid were generated. Infection by EVA71 SRIPs required SCARB2, while CVA10 SRIPs did not. Finally, we showed great improvement of the replicon activity and SRIPs production by insertion of a cis-active hammerhead ribozyme (HHRib) before the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). In summary, reverse genetic tools for prototype strain of CVA10, including both the infectious clone and the SRIPs system, were successfully established. These tools will facilitate the basic and translational study of CVA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Liuyao Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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31
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Chen Y, Li Y, Wang X, Zou P. Montelukast, an Anti-asthmatic Drug, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection by Disrupting Viral Integrity. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3079. [PMID: 32082265 PMCID: PMC7002393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and severe complications including neurological sequelae especially fetal microcephaly has aroused global attentions since its outbreak in 2015. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutic drugs clinically approved for treatments of ZIKV infection, however. And the drugs used for treating ZIKV in pregnant women require a higher safety profile. Here, we identified an anti-asthmatic drug, montelukast, which is of safety profile for pregnant women and exhibited antiviral efficacy against ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. And we showed that montelukast could disrupt the integrity of the virions to release the viral genomic RNA, hence irreversibly inhibiting viral infectivity. In consideration of the neuro-protective activity that montelukast possessed, which was previously reported, it is promising that montelukast could be used for patients with ZIKV infection, particularly for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen SL, Liu YG, Zhou YT, Zhao P, Ren H, Xiao M, Zhu YZ, Qi ZT. Endophilin-A2-mediated endocytic pathway is critical for enterovirus 71 entry into caco-2 cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:773-786. [PMID: 31132962 PMCID: PMC6542187 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1618686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is typically transmitted by the oral-faecal route and initiates infection upon crossing the intestinal mucosa. Our limited understanding of the mechanisms by which it crosses the intestinal mucosa has hampered the development of effective therapeutic options. Here, using an RNA interference screen combined with chemical inhibitors or the overexpression of dominant negative proteins, we found that EV71 entry into Caco-2 cells, a polarized human intestinal epithelial cell line, does not involve clathrin- and caveolae-dependent endocytic pathways or macropinocytosis but requires GTP-binding protein dynamin 2 and cytoskeleton remodelling. The use of siRNAs targeting endophilin family members revealed that endophlin-A2 is essential for the uptake of EV71 particles by Caco-2 cells. Subcellular analysis revealed that internalized EV71 virions largely colocalized with endophilin-A2 at cytomembrane ruffles and in the perinuclear area. Combined with viral entry kinetics, these data suggest that EV71 enters Caco-2 cells mainly via an endophilin-A2-mediated endocytic (EME) pathway. Finally, we showed that internalized EV71 virions were transported to endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-related multivesicular bodies (MVBs). These data provide attractive therapeutic targets to block EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lin Chen
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b General Hospital of the Tibet Military Area Command , Tibet , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Gang Liu
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tao Zhou
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,c Company 7, Department of Clinical Medicine , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ren
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Man Xiao
- b General Hospital of the Tibet Military Area Command , Tibet , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhe Zhu
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- a Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense , Second Military Medical University Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Segun PA, Ogbole OO, Akinleye TE, Faleye TOC, Adeniji AJ. In vitro anti-enteroviral activity of stilbenoids isolated from the leaves of Macaranga barteri. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1909-1913. [PMID: 31343270 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1644505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The anti-enteroviral activity of three stilbenoids isolated from the leaves of Macaranga barteri was investigated using the cytopathic effect reduction assay. The stilbenes were inactive against echovirus E13 but showed activity against echoviruses E7 and E19. In particular, vedelianin (2), schweinfurthin G (3) and mappain (1) elicited antiviral activity on E19 with IC50 values of 0.0036 nM, 0.018 nM and 0.24 µM, respectively. Vedelianin (2) showed the best selectivity profile amongst the isolated compounds with selectivity index values of 31 and 216 against E7 and E19, respectively. It is possible these compounds may be responsible for the traditional use of Macaranga barteri in the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Segun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Omonike O Ogbole
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluwanimi E Akinleye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitope O C Faleye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle J Adeniji
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Owino CO, Chu JJH. Recent advances on the role of host factors during non-poliovirus enteroviral infections. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:47. [PMID: 31215493 PMCID: PMC6582496 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-polio enteroviruses are emerging viruses known to cause outbreaks of polio-like infections in different parts of the world with several cases already reported in Asia Pacific, Europe and in United States of America. These outbreaks normally result in overstretching of health facilities as well as death in children under the age of five. Most of these infections are usually self-limiting except for the neurological complications associated with human enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71). The infection dynamics of these viruses have not been fully understood, with most inferences made from previous studies conducted with poliovirus.Non-poliovirus enteroviral infections are responsible for major outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) often associated with neurological complications and severe respiratory diseases. The myriad of disease presentations observed so far in children calls for an urgent need to fully elucidate the replication processes of these viruses. There are concerted efforts from different research groups to fully map out the role of human host factors in the replication cycle of these viral infections. Understanding the interaction between viral proteins and human host factors will unravel important insights on the lifecycle of this groups of viruses.This review provides the latest update on the interplay between human host factors/processes and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). We focus on the interactions involved in viral attachment, entry, internalization, uncoating, replication, virion assembly and eventual egress of the NPEV from the infected cells. We emphasize on the virus- human host interplay and highlight existing knowledge gaps that needs further studies. Understanding the NPEV-human host factors interactions will be key in the design and development of vaccines as well as antivirals against enteroviral infections. Dissecting the role of human host factors during NPEV infection cycle will provide a clear picture of how NPEVs usurp the human cellular processes to establish an efficient infection. This will be a boost to the drug and vaccine development against enteroviruses which will be key in control and eventual elimination of the viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Oduor Owino
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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D Urbano V, De Crignis E, Re MC. Host Restriction Factors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1): A Dynamic Interplay Involving All Phases of the Viral Life Cycle. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:184-207. [PMID: 30117396 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180817115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have evolved several mechanisms to prevent or block lentiviral infection and spread. Among the innate immune mechanisms, the signaling cascade triggered by type I interferon (IFN) plays a pivotal role in limiting the burden of HIV-1. In the presence of IFN, human cells upregulate the expression of a number of genes, referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of them acting as antiviral restriction factors (RFs). RFs are dominant proteins that target different essential steps of the viral cycle, thereby providing an early line of defense against the virus. The identification and characterization of RFs have provided unique insights into the molecular biology of HIV-1, further revealing the complex host-pathogen interplay that characterizes the infection. The presence of RFs drove viral evolution, forcing the virus to develop specific proteins to counteract their activity. The knowledge of the mechanisms that prevent viral infection and their viral counterparts may offer new insights to improve current antiviral strategies. This review provides an overview of the RFs targeting HIV-1 replication and the mechanisms that regulate their expression as well as their impact on viral replication and the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D Urbano
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa De Crignis
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Re
- Retrovirus Laboratory, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Taylor JR, Skeate JG, Kast WM. Annexin A2 in Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2954. [PMID: 30568638 PMCID: PMC6290281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral life cycles consist of three main phases: (1) attachment and entry, (2) genome replication and expression, and (3) assembly, maturation, and egress. Each of these steps is intrinsically reliant on host cell factors and processes including cellular receptors, genetic replication machinery, endocytosis and exocytosis, and protein expression. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a membrane-associated protein with a wide range of intracellular functions and a recurrent host factor in a variety of viral infections. Spatially, AnxA2 is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, vesicle-bound, and on the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Structurally, AnxA2 exists as a monomer or in complex with S100A10 to form the AnxA2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t). Both AnxA2 and A2t have been implicated in a vast array of cellular functions such as endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organization, and translational regulation through RNA binding. Accordingly, many discoveries have been made involving AnxA2 in viral pathogenesis, however, the reported work addressing AnxA2 in virology is highly compartmentalized. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to provide information regarding the role of AnxA2 in the lifecycle of multiple epithelial cell-targeting viruses to highlight recurrent themes, identify discrepancies, and reveal potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Taylor
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph G Skeate
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - W Martin Kast
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wang S, Wang W, Hao C, Yunjia Y, Qin L, He M, Mao W. Antiviral activity against enterovirus 71 of sulfated rhamnan isolated from the green alga Monostroma latissimum. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:43-53. [PMID: 30177184 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide from Monostroma latissimum PML is a sulfated rhamnan, which consists of →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residues with partial branches and sulfate groups at C-2 of →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and/or C-3 of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. The anti-enterovirus 71 (EV71) activity in vitro of PML was assessed by cytopathic effect inhibition and plaque reduction assays, and the results showed that PML was non-cytotoxic and significantly inhibited EV71 infection. The mechanism analysis of anti-EV71 activity demonstrated that PML largely inhibited viral replication before or during viral adsorption, mainly by targeting the capsid protein VP1. PML may also inhibit some early steps of infection after viral adsorption by modulating signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Moreover, PML markedly improved survival and decreased viral titers in EV71-infected mice. The investigation revealed that PML has potential as a novel anti-EV71 agent targeting the viral capsid protein as well as cellular EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Cui Hao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu Yunjia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meijia He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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