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Gholizadeh O, Ghaleh HEG, Tat M, Ranjbar R, Dorostkar R. The potential use of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virol J 2024; 21:191. [PMID: 39160541 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most common bacteria that cause nosocomial infections is Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), especially in patients who are very sick and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The frequency of multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDRKP) has dramatically increased worldwide in recent decades, posing an urgent threat to public health. The Western world's bacteriophage (phage) studies have been revitalized due to the increasing reports of antimicrobial resistance and the restricted development and discovery of new antibiotics. These factors have also spurred innovation in other scientific domains. The primary agent in phage treatment is an obligately lytic organism (called bacteriophage) that kills the corresponding bacterial host while sparing human cells and lessening the broader effects of antibiotic usage on commensal bacteria. Phage treatment is developing quickly, leading to many clinical studies and instances of life-saving medicinal use. In addition, phage treatment has a few immunological adverse effects and consequences in addition to its usefulness. Since K. pneumoniae antibiotic resistance has made treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections challenging, phage therapy (PT) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. The effectiveness of phages has also been investigated in K. pneumoniae biofilms and animal infection models. Compared with antibiotics, PT exhibits numerous advantages, including a particular lysis spectrum, co-evolution with bacteria to avoid the emergence of phage resistance, and a higher abundance and diversity of phage resources than found in antibiotics. Moreover, phages are eliminated in the absence of a host bacterium, which makes them the only therapeutic agent that self-regulates at the sites of infection. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the role of PT in treating these infections. This study summarizes the state of knowledge on Klebsiella spp. phages and provides an outlook on the development of phage-based treatments that target K. pneumoniae in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Gholizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh
- Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Tat
- Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Singh AN, Singh A, Nath G. Evaluation of bacteriophage cocktail on Urinary Tract Infection caused by colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice model. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024:S2213-7165(24)00150-4. [PMID: 39159829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes complicated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Of them, 73% of strains of K. pneumoniae formed moderate to strong biofilm. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)/Pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria causing UTIs are very challenging to conventional antibiotic therapy. However, bacteriophages may be a promising alternative as they easily disrupt the biofilm and act on receptors unrelated to antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This preclinical study evaluated the efficacy of a phage cocktail with different routes and dosages (in quantity and frequency) to eradicate the K. pneumoniae-associated UTI in the mice model. METHODS The three lytic phages with the broadest spectrum activity (ΦKpnBHU1, ΦKpnBHU2, and ΦKpnBHU3) were meticulously characterized using SEM and sequencing. The cocktails were administered to mice through urethral, rectal, subcutaneous, and oral routes after establishing the UTI with 1 × 108 colony-forming unit/mouse (CFU/mouse) of K. pneumoniae (KpnBHU09) resistant to both the drugs carbapenem and colistin. The efficacy of different routes with varying dosages and frequency of administration was thoroughly optimized. RESULTS We observed that two doses of a phage cocktail containing 1 × 105 Plaque-Forming Unit (PFU/mouse) and a single dose of 1 × 109 PFU/mouse per urethra could eradicate KpnBHU09. Intriguingly, the noninvasive administration through oral and rectal routes required higher concentration and many dosages of phages to eliminate KpnBHU09 at any stage of acute UTI. The subcutaneous route was found unsatisfactory in curing the infection. CONCLUSION Bacteriophage cocktails administered through transurethral, oral, and rectal routes may cure UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alakh Narayan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Aprajita Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005.
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Uskudar-Guclu A, Yalcin S. A novel Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage Ef212: biological and genomic features. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00547-1. [PMID: 38935199 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and characterize biological and genomic features of a phage infecting Enterococcus faecalis. The phage was isolated from environmental water and temperature and pH stability, one-step growth curve, and multiplicity of infection (MOI) were determined. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and structural and functional annotations were performed. Its antibiofilm activity was also evaluated. The optimal MOI was 0.01, the latency period was 5 min, and the burst size was 202 plaque forming unit (PFU). High phage survival rates were observed at between pH 4-10 and temperatures between 4-50 °C. WGS and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that it was an Efquatrovirus representing siphovirus morphotype respectively. It was named as Enterococcus phage Ef212 and has a linear 40,690 bp double-stranded DNA with 45.3% G + C content (GenBank accession number: OR052631). BACPHLIP tool demonstrated that Enterococcus phage Ef212 is a lytic phage (88%). A total of 80 open reading frames (ORFs) were found and there were no antibiotic resistance genes, pathogenicity, virulence genes, or tRNAs in the phage genome. It was diverged from the most similar phages (identity, 88.35%; coverage, 89%) by phylogenetic analysis. Phage Ef212 shared a large part of its genome (60/80) with several other phages, yet some unique parts were found in their genomes. Host range analysis showed that phage Ef212 showed lytic activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis clinical isolates. This novel phage Ef212 showed the ability to inhibit and reduce the biofilm formation by around 42% and 38%, respectively. The biological and genomic features indicate that having an effective antibacterial activity, phage Ef212 seemed a promising therapeutic and biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Uskudar-Guclu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Suleyman Yalcin
- Microbiology References Laboratory, Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Türkiye
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Kelly L, Jameson E. Bacteriophage cocktail shows no toxicity and improves the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with Klebsiella spp. J Virol 2024; 98:e0027224. [PMID: 38771043 PMCID: PMC11237459 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00272-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are causative agents of healthcare-associated infections in patients who are immunocompromised and use medical devices. The antibiotic resistance crisis has led to an increase in infections caused by these bacteria, which can develop into potentially life-threatening illnesses if not treated swiftly and effectively. Thus, new treatment options for Klebsiella are urgently required. Phage therapy can offer an alternative to ineffective antibiotic treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria infections. The aim of the present study was to produce a safe and effective phage cocktail treatment against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, both in liquid in vitro culture and an in vivo Galleria mellonella infection model. The phage cocktail was significantly more effective at killing K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca strains compared with monophage treatments. Preliminary phage cocktail safety was demonstrated through application in the in vivo G. mellonella model: where the phage cocktail induced no toxic side effects in G. mellonella. In addition, the phage cocktail significantly improved the survival of G. mellonella when administered as a prophylactic treatment, compared with controls. In conclusion, our phage cocktail was demonstrated to be safe and effective against Klebsiella spp. in the G. mellonella infection model. This provides a strong case for future treatment for Klebsiella infections, either as an alternative or adjunct to antibiotics.IMPORTANCEKlebsiella infections are a concern in individuals who are immunocompromised and are becoming increasingly difficult to treat with antibiotics due to their drug-resistant properties. Bacteriophage is one potential alternative therapy that could be used to tackle these infections. The present study describes the design of a non-toxic phage cocktail that improved the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with Klebsiella. This phage cocktail demonstrates potential for the safe and effective treatment of Klebsiella infections, as an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Kelly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Santamaría-Corral G, Pagán I, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Esteban J, García-Quintanilla M. A Novel Bacteriophage Infecting Multi-Drug- and Extended-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:523. [PMID: 38927189 PMCID: PMC11200629 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa has dramatically increased over the last decade, and antibiotics alone are not enough to eradicate infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen. Phage therapy is a fresh treatment that can be administered under compassionate use, particularly against chronic cases. However, it is necessary to thoroughly characterize the virus before therapeutic application. Our work describes the discovery of the novel sequenced bacteriophage, vB_PaeP-F1Pa, containing an integrase, performs a phylogenetical analysis, describes its stability at a physiological pH and temperature, latent period (40 min), and burst size (394 ± 166 particles per bacterial cell), and demonstrates its ability to infect MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa strains. Moreover, this novel bacteriophage was able to inhibit the growth of bacteria inside preformed biofilms. The present study offers a road map to analyze essential areas for successful phage therapy against MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa infections, and shows that a phage containing an integrase is also able to show good in vitro results, indicating that it is very important to perform a genomic analysis before any clinical use, in order to prevent adverse effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santamaría-Corral
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.S.-C.); (J.J.A.-C.); (M.G.-Q.)
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA/CSIC and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - John Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.S.-C.); (J.J.A.-C.); (M.G.-Q.)
- CIBERINFEC-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.S.-C.); (J.J.A.-C.); (M.G.-Q.)
- CIBERINFEC-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell García-Quintanilla
- Clinical Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.S.-C.); (J.J.A.-C.); (M.G.-Q.)
- CIBERINFEC-Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Uskudar-Guclu A, Unlu S, Salih-Dogan H, Yalcin S, Basustaoglu A. Biological and genomic characteristics of three novel bacteriophages and a phage-plasmid of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:213-225. [PMID: 38447122 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2023-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize phages infecting carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Water samples were taken for the isolation of bacteriophages. One-step growth curve, the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), thermal and pH stabilities, transmission electron microscopy and whole-genome sequencing of phages were studied. Four phages were isolated and named Klebsiella phage Kpn02, Kpn17, Kpn74, and Kpn13. The optimal MOI and latent periods of phage Kpn02, Kpn17, Kpn74, and Kpn13 were 10, 1, 0.001, and 100 PFU/CFU and 20, 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. Burst sizes ranged from 811 to 2363. No known antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were identified. No tRNAs were detected except Klebsiella phage Kpn02 which encodes 24 tRNAs. Interestingly, Klebsiella phage Kpn74 was predicted to be a lysogenic phage whose prophage is a linear plasmid molecule with covalently closed ends. Of the Klebsiella-infecting phages presented in current study, virulent phages suggest that they may represent candidate therapeutic agents against MDR K. pneumoniae, based on short latent period, high burst sizes and no known antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in their genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Uskudar-Guclu
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Sezin Unlu
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Hanife Salih-Dogan
- Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Research Center (REDPROM), Aydin, Turkiye
| | - Suleyman Yalcin
- Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Microbiology References Laboratory, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Basustaoglu
- Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkiye
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Duan S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Sun Y, Dong Y, Ren L, Geng L, Xiu Z. Co-production of 1,3-propanediol and phage phiKpS2 from the glycerol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:44. [PMID: 38722416 PMCID: PMC11082122 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00760-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to antibiotics in response to antimicrobial-resistant infections, bacteriophages (phages) are garnering renewed interest in recent years. However, the massive preparation of phage is restricted using traditional pathogens as host cells, which incurs additional costs and contamination. In this study, an opportunistic pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae used to convert glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), was reused to prepare phage after fermentation. The phage infection showed that the fed-batch fermentation broth containing 71.6 g/L 1,3-PDO can be directly used for preparation of phage with a titer of 1 × 108 pfu/mL. Then, the two-step salting-out extraction was adopted to remove most impurities, e.g. acetic acid (93.5%), ethanol (91.5%) and cells (99.4%) at the first step, and obtain 1,3-PDO (56.6%) in the top phase as well as phage (97.4%) in the middle phase at the second step. This integrated process provides a cheap and environment-friendly manner for coproduction of 1,3-PDO and phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Duan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Lili Geng
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116033, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
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Tadeu AD, Duarte J, Trindade D, Costa P, Venâncio C, Lopes I, Oliveira V, Gomes NCM, Almeida A, Pereira C. Bacteriophages to control Vibrio alginolyticus in live feeds prior to their administration in larviculture. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae115. [PMID: 38710582 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of two phages [VB_VaC_TDDLMA (phage TDD) and VB_VaC_SRILMA (phage SRI)] alone and in a cocktail to control Vibrio alginolyticus in brine shrimp before their administration in larviculture. METHODS AND RESULTS Phages were isolated from seawater samples and characterized by host spectrum, growth parameters, adsorption rate, genomic analysis, and inactivation efficiency. Both phages belong to the Caudoviricetes class and lack known virulence or antibiotic-resistance genes. They exhibit specificity, infecting only their host, V. alginolyticus CECT 521. Preliminary experiments in a culture medium showed that phage TDD (reduction of 5.8 log CFU ml-1 after 10 h) outperformed phage SRI (reduction of 4.6 log CFU ml-1 after 6 h) and the cocktail TDD/SRI (reduction of 5.2 log CFU ml-1 after 8 h). In artificial marine water experiments with Artemia franciscana, both single phage suspensions and the phage cocktail, effectively inactivated V. alginolyticus in culture water (reduction of 4.3, 2.1, and 1.9 log CFU ml-1 for phages TDD, SRI, and the phage cocktail, respectively, after 12 h) and in A. franciscana (reduction of 51.6%, 87.3%, and 85.3% for phages TDD, SRI, and the phage cocktail, respectively, after 24 h). The two phages and the phage cocktail did not affect A. franciscana natural microbiota or other Vibrio species in the brine shrimp. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that phages can safely and effectively control V. alginolyticus in A. franciscana prior to its administration in larviculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dias Tadeu
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Duarte
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - David Trindade
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Venâncio
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Newton C M Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Nithiya P, Alagarsamy G, Sathish PB, Rajarathnam D, Li X, Jeyaraj S, Satheesh M, Selvakumar R. Impact of effluent parameters and vancomycin concentration on vancomycin resistant Escherichia coli and its host specific bacteriophage lytic activity in hospital effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118334. [PMID: 38316381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Vancomycin resistance in bacteria has been classified under high priority category by World Health Organization (WHO) and its presence in hospital effluent is reported to be increasing owing to excess antibiotics use. Among various strategies, bacteriophage has been recently considered as a promising biological agent for combating such antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB). However, the influence of effluent's properties on phage-ARB interaction in actual hospital effluent is not completely understood. The present works intends to study this influence of hospital effluent and its parameters on the interaction between vancomycin resistant E. coli (VRE) and its host specific bacteriophage. The isolated VRE was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI - TOF) and whole genome sequencing. The infectivity of phage onto host bacteria was investigated using electron microscopic techniques, dynamic light scattering (DLS), spectrofluorophotometer and confirmed using double agar overlay method. The monovalency and polyvalency of isolated phage against various bacterial species were determined. The phage morphology was identical to T7 phage belonging to Podoviridae. The phage lysis was maximum at pH 7 (90.2%), 37 °C (91.6%) and vancomycin concentration of 50 μg/mL in both synthetic media (89.13%) and effluent (100%). At a maximum vancomycin concentration of 100 μg/mL, decrease in Ca, K, Mg and P (up to 19.70, 14.18, 28, and 15.82% respectively) concentration in effluent was observed due to phage infectivity when compared to control. The whole genome sequencing was performed and the bioinformatics analysis presented the role of mdfA gene encoding the efflux pump in causing vancomycin resistance in E. coli. It also depicted the presence of multiple genes responsible for mercury, cobalt, zinc and cadmium resistance in VRE. These results clearly indicate that bacteriophage mediated combating of VRE is possible in actual hospital effluent and can be used as one of the treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nithiya
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - G Alagarsamy
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - P B Sathish
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - D Rajarathnam
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sankarganesh Jeyaraj
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641004, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Manjima Satheesh
- PSG Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641004, India; PSG Center for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Off Avinashi Road, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - R Selvakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao R, Liu X, Dong Y, Shi W, Jiang H, Guan X. Bacterial isolation and genome analysis of a novel Klebsiella quasipneumoniae phage in southwest China's karst area. Virol J 2024; 21:56. [PMID: 38448926 PMCID: PMC10916049 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southwest China is one of the largest karst regions in the world. Karst environment is relatively fragile and vulnerable to human activities. Due to the discharge of sewage and domestic garbage, the karst system may be polluted by pathogenic bacteria. The detection of bacterial distribution and identification of phage capable of infecting them is an important approach for environmental assessment and resource acquisition. METHODS Bacteria and phages were isolated from karst water in southwest China using the plate scribing and double plate method, respectively. Isolated phage was defined by transmission electron microscopy, one-step growth curve and optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI). Genomic sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, comparative genomic and proteomic analysis were performed. RESULTS A Klebsiella quasipneumoniae phage was isolated from 32 isolates and named KL01. KL01 is morphologically identified as Caudoviricetes with an optimal MOI of 0.1, an incubation period of 10 min, and a lysis period of 60 min. The genome length of KL01 is about 45 kb, the GC content is 42.5%, and it contains 59 open reading frames. The highest average nucleotide similarity between KL01 and a known Klebsiella phage 6939 was 83.04%. CONCLUSIONS KL01 is a novel phage, belonging to the Autophagoviridae, which has strong lytic ability. This study indicates that there were not only some potential potentially pathogenic bacteria in the karst environment, but also phage resources for exploration and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Liu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Dong
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Shi
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Jiang
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China.
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Duarte J, Máximo C, Costa P, Oliveira V, Gomes NCM, Romalde JL, Pereira C, Almeida A. Potential of an Isolated Bacteriophage to Inactivate Klebsiella pneumoniae: Preliminary Studies to Control Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:195. [PMID: 38391581 PMCID: PMC10885952 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to severe clinical complications and even death. An alternative treatment option for infected patients is using bacteriophages. In the present study, we isolated phage VB_KPM_KP1LMA (KP1LMA) from sewage water using a K. pneumoniae strain as a host. Whole-genome analysis indicated that the genome was a double-stranded linear 176,096-bp long DNA molecule with 41.8% GC content and did not contain virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. The inactivation potential of phage KP1LMA was assessed in broth at an MOI of 1 and 10, and a maximum inactivation of 4.9 and 5.4 log CFU/mL, respectively, was observed after 9 h. The efficacy at an MOI of 10 was also assessed in urine to evaluate the phage's performance in an acidic environment. A maximum inactivation of 3.8 log CFU/mL was observed after 9 h. The results suggest that phage KP1LMA could potentially control a UTI caused by this strain of K. pneumoniae, indicating that the same procedure can be used to control UTIs caused by other strains if new specific phages are isolated. Although phage KP1LMA has a narrow host range, in the future, efforts can be made to expand its spectrum of activity and also to combine this phage with others, potentially enabling its use against other K. pneumoniae strains involved in UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Duarte
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carolina Máximo
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Costa
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Oliveira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Newton C M Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CRETUS & CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carla Pereira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Sitohy M, Enan G, Abdel-Shafi S, El-Wafa NA, El-Gazzar N, Osman A, Sitohy B. Mapping pathogenic bacteria resistance against common antibiotics and their potential susceptibility to methylated white kidney bean protein. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38317090 PMCID: PMC10840264 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As antibiotics cannot inhibit multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR), continuous research is mandatory to find other antibacterials from natural resources. Native legume proteins and their modified forms exhibited broad spectra of high antimicrobial activities. Sixteen bacterial isolates were mapped for antibiotic resistance, showing resistance in the range of (58-92%) and (42-92%) in the case of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. White native Phaseolus vulgaris protein (NPP) was isolated from the seeds and methylated (MPP). The MIC range of MPP against 7 MDR bacteria was 10-25 times lower than NPP and could (1 MIC) considerably inhibit their 24 h liquid growth. MPP showed higher antibacterial effectiveness than Gentamycin, the most effective antibiotic against Gram-positive bacteria and the second most effective against Gram-negative bacteria. However, MPP recorded MICs against the seven studied MDR bacteria in the 1-20 µg/mL range, the same for Gentamycin. The combination of Gentamycin and MPP produced synergistic effects against the seven bacteria studied, as confirmed by the Transmission Electron Microscopic images. The antimicrobial activity of MPP against the seven MDR bacteria remained stable after two years of cold storage at 8-10 °C as contrasted to Gentamycin, which lost 20-72% of its antimicrobial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Enan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Seham Abdel-Shafi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Neveen Abou El-Wafa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
- Institution of Diagnostic and Intervention, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, 90185, Sweden.
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13
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Li XT, Peng SY, Feng SM, Bao TY, Li SZ, Li SY. Recent Progress in Phage-Based Nanoplatforms for Tumor Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307111. [PMID: 37806755 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodrug delivery systems have demonstrated a great potential for tumor therapy with the development of nanotechnology. Nonetheless, traditional drug delivery systems are faced with issues such as complex synthetic procedures, low reproducibility, nonspecific distribution, impenetrability of biological barrier, systemic toxicity, etc. In recent years, phage-based nanoplatforms have attracted increasing attention in tumor treatment for their regular structure, fantastic carrying property, high transduction efficiency and biosafety. Notably, therapeutic or targeting peptides can be expressed on the surface of the phages through phage display technology, enabling the phage vectors to possess multifunctions. As a result, the drug delivery efficiency on tumor will be vastly improved, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy while reducing the side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, phages can overcome the hindrance of biofilm barrier to elicit antitumor effects, which exhibit great advantages compared with traditional synthetic drug delivery systems. Herein, this review not only summarizes the structure and biology of the phages, but also presents their potential as prominent nanoplatforms against tumor in different pathways to inspire the development of effective nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Mei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Yu Bao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Sheng-Zhang Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
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14
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Kang X, Yang X, He Y, Guo C, Li Y, Ji H, Qin Y, Wu L. Strategies and materials for the prevention and treatment of biofilms. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100827. [PMID: 37859998 PMCID: PMC10582481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates of organized microbial growth that function as barriers and create a stable internal environment for cell survival. The bacteria in the biofilms exhibit characteristics that are quite different from the planktonic bacteria, such as strong resistance to antibiotics and other bactericides, getting out of host immunity, and developing in harsh environments, which all contribute to the persistent and intractable treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel materials and strategies to combat biofilms. However, most of the reviews on anti-biofilms published in recent years are based on specific fields or materials. Microorganisms are ubiquitous, except in the context of medical and health issues; however, biofilms exert detrimental effects on the advancement and progress of various fields. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of effective strategies and methodologies applicable across all industries. Firstly, the process of biofilms formation was introduced to enhance our comprehension of the "enemy". Secondly, strategies to intervene in the important links of biofilms formation were discussed, taking timely action during the early weak stages of the "enemy". Thirdly, treatment strategies for mature biofilms were summarized to deal with biofilms that break through the defense line. Finally, several substances with antibacterial properties were presented. The review concludes with the standpoint of the author about potential developments of anti-biofilms strategies. This review may help researchers quickly understand the research progress and challenges in the field of anti-biofilms to design more efficient methods and strategies to combat biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Kang
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yue He
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Conglin Guo
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yuechen Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Haiwei Ji
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
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15
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Wang J, Li N, Han P, Chen Y, Xu W, Liu C. Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage BUCT_49532 lysing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Genes 2023; 59:852-867. [PMID: 37857999 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a type of virus widely distributed in nature that demonstrates a remarkable aptitude for selectively recognizing and infecting bacteria. In particular, Klebsiella pneumoniae is acknowledged as a clinical pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections and frequently develops multidrug resistance. Considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages have emerged as a compelling alternative therapeutic approach. In this study, a novel phage named BUCT_49532 was isolated from sewage using K. pneumoniae K1119 as the host. Electron microscopy revealed that BUCT_49532 belongs to the Caudoviricetes class. Further analysis through whole genome sequencing demonstrated that BUCT_49532 is a Jedunavirus comprised of linear double-stranded DNA with a length of 49,532 bp. Comparative genomics analysis based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values revealed that BUCT_49532 should be identified as a novel species. Characterized by a good safety profile, high environmental stability, and strong lytic performance, phage BUCT_49532 presents an interesting case for consideration. Although its host range is relatively narrow, its application potential can be expanded by utilizing phage cocktails, making it a promising candidate for biocontrol approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangye Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yucong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Weijian Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changxia Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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16
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Zurabov F, Glazunov E, Kochetova T, Uskevich V, Popova V. Bacteriophages with depolymerase activity in the control of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15188. [PMID: 37704798 PMCID: PMC10499987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with a variety of infections, such as pneumonia, urogenital infection, liver abscess, and bloodstream infection. It is especially dangerous for patients in medical facilities, where it can cause ventilator-associated pneumonia or intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains as well as the ability to form biofilms on various medical devices complicates the treatment of such infections and makes the use of antibiotics ineffective. The application of bacteriophages is a promising alternative for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. In the present study a cocktail of 3 bacteriophages with depolymerase activity was used to control antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms in vitro. Biofilms were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results demonstrate that the studied bacteriophage cocktail can effectively disrupt Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Zurabov
- Research and Production Center "MicroMir", LLC, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Egor Glazunov
- Research and Production Center "MicroMir", LLC, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Liang B, Han B, Shi Y, Li X, Zhao W, Kastelic J, Gao J. Effective of phage cocktail against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection of murine mammary glands. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106218. [PMID: 37422172 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Phage therapy has potential to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing bovine mastitis. Our objective was to use 3 Klebsiella lytic phages to create a phage cocktail, and to compare bactericidal activity of this phage cocktail versus an individual phage, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on transmission electron microscopy, phage CM_Kpn_HB154724 belonged to Podoviridae and on double agar plates, it formed translucent plaques on the bacterial lawn of Klebsiella pneumoniae KPHB154724. In one-step growth curves, this phage had a latent period of 40 min, an outbreak period of 40 min, a burst size of 1.2 × 107 PFU/mL, and an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. Furthermore, it was inactivated under extreme conditions (pH ≤ 3.0 or ≥ 12.0 and temperatures of 60 or 70 °C). It had a host range of 90% and had 146 predicted genes (Illumine NovaSeq). Based on histopathology and expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin, phage cocktail therapy had better efficiency than an individual phage in K. pneumoniae-infected murine mammary glands. In conclusion, we used 3 Klebsiella lytic phages to create a phage cocktail and confirmed its effectiveness against K. pneumoniae both in vitro (bacterial lawn) and in vivo (infected murine mammary glands).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Liang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - John Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Rahimi S, Bakht M, Javadi A, Foroughi F, Marashi SMA, Nikkhahi F. Characterization of novel bacteriophage PSKP16 and its therapeutic potential against β-lactamase and biofilm producer strain of K2-Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia infection in mice model. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:233. [PMID: 37612659 PMCID: PMC10464470 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe infections caused by β- lactamase producers, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (BhvKp) with K2 serotype, highlight emergency need for new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel phage, PSKP16, in the treating of pneumonia induced by BhvKp in mice models. METHOD Genome sequences of PSKP16 were analyzed, and associated information can be found in NCBI. We applied treatment in two ways: by using mice for immediate and delayed treatments. Moreover, acute pneumonia obtained by BhvKp with intranasal method, was characterized in terms of histopathology of pulmonary lesions, biomarkers of inflammation level, leukocytes cells infiltration extent in mice, and was assessed treatment of them with PSKP16 multiplicity of infection (MOI: 10), either individually or in combination with gentamicin. Assessment of the ability of PSKP16 to inhibit BhvKp biofilm was studied. RESULTS PSKP16 was associated with the Drexlerviridae family, and had a genome size of 46,712 bp, and 67 predicted ORFs. Herein, prompt phage administration's efficacy to decrease bacterial load and improve the survival rate in pneumonia models was faster than the synergism model with delay, but both almost displayed similar endpoints. The distribution of BhvKp strains in the lung was consistent with the histopathological findings, simultaneous inflammation, and level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α). The phage treatment presented a lack of severe lesions and alveolar edema, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, which not only was it not associated with an over-inflammation but also provided a faster correction of blood cell count abnormalities compared to gentamicin. Phage with a high concentration in in vitro model effectively eliminated biofilms. CONCLUSION It is essential to raise clinical awareness and management of BhvKp infections, signaled as the next superbug in waiting. The results of our study underscore the importance of PSKP16 as a phage with promising therapeutic potential in treating BhvKp-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahimi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakht
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Community Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Farshad Foroughi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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19
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Stante M, Weiland-Bräuer N, Repnik U, Werner A, Bramkamp M, Chibani CM, Schmitz RA. Four Novel Caudoviricetes Bacteriophages Isolated from Baltic Sea Water Infect Colonizers of Aurelia aurita. Viruses 2023; 15:1525. [PMID: 37515211 PMCID: PMC10383413 DOI: 10.3390/v15071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita is associated with a highly diverse microbiota changing with provenance, tissue, and life stage. While the crucial relevance of bacteria to host fitness is well known, bacteriophages have often been neglected. Here, we aimed to isolate virulent phages targeting bacteria that are part of the A. aurita-associated microbiota. Four phages (Pseudomonas phage BSwM KMM1, Citrobacter phages BSwM KMM2-BSwM KMM4) were isolated from the Baltic Sea water column and characterized. Phages KMM2/3/4 infected representatives of Citrobacter, Shigella, and Escherichia (Enterobacteriaceae), whereas KMM1 showed a remarkably broad host range, infecting Gram-negative Pseudomonas as well as Gram-positive Staphylococcus. All phages showed an up to 99% adsorption to host cells within 5 min, short latent periods (around 30 min), large burst sizes (mean of 128 pfu/cell), and high efficiency of plating (EOP > 0.5), demonstrating decent virulence, efficiency, and infectivity. Transmission electron microscopy and viral genome analysis revealed that all phages are novel species and belong to the class of Caudoviricetes harboring a tail and linear double-stranded DNA (formerly known as Siphovirus-like (KMM3) and Myovirus-like (KMM1/2/4) bacteriophages) with genome sizes between 50 and 138 kbp. In the future, these isolates will allow manipulation of the A. aurita-associated microbiota and provide new insights into phage impact on the multicellular host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stante
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Urska Repnik
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Almut Werner
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Marc Bramkamp
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
- Central Microscopy Facility, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Cynthia M. Chibani
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute for General Microbiology, Christian Albrechts University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (M.S.); (N.W.-B.); (A.W.); (M.B.); (C.M.C.)
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20
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Tisalema-Guanopatín E, Cabezas-Mera F, Nolivos-Rodríguez K, Fierro I, Pazmiño L, Garzon-Chavez D, Debut A, Vizuete K, Reyes JA. New Bacteriophages Members of the Ackermannviridae Family Specific for Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:99-107. [PMID: 37350993 PMCID: PMC10282792 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly isolates classified as sequence-type 258 (ST258), are multidrug-resistant strains that are strongly associated with poor-prognosis nosocomial infections, as current therapeutic options are limited and ineffective. In recent years, phage therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for these scenarios. Methodology and Results We report the isolation and characterization of three new phages against Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains recovered from Machángara river wastewater. These new members of the Ackermannviridae family showed stability over a wide temperature and pH range and burst sizes ranging from 6 to 44 plaque-forming units per bacteria. Their genomes were about 157 kilobases, with an average guanine-cytosine content of 46.4% and showed presence of several transfer RNAs, which also allowed us to predict in silico a lytic replicative cycle due to the presence of endolysins and lysozymes. Conclusion Three lytic phages of Ackermannviridae family were recovered against Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains from sewage; however, further characterization is needed for future consideration as therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Tisalema-Guanopatín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Cabezas-Mera
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karla Nolivos-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Isabel Fierro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Pazmiño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Garzon-Chavez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud (COCSA), Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexis Debut
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Karla Vizuete
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Aníbal Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), Ciudadela Universitaria Avenida América, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital del IESS Quito Sur, Avenida Moraspungo, Quito, Ecuador
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Bhargava K, Nath G, Dhameja N, Kumar R, Aseri GK, Jain N. Bacteriophage therapy for Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infection in rats. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:323-334. [PMID: 37140267 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study evaluates the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy for urinary tract infection (UTI) in rats. Methods: UTI was established by inoculating Escherichia coli (100 μl) at a concentration of 1.5 × 108 CFU/ml per urethra via a cannula in different groups of rats. For treatment, phage cocktails (200 μl) were administered at varying concentrations of 1 × 108 PFU/ml, 1 × 107 PFU/ml and 1 × 106 PFU/ml. Results: The two doses of phage cocktail at the first two concentrations resulted in the cure of UTI. However, the lowest concentration of the phage cocktail warranted more doses to eradicate the causative bacteria. Conclusion: The quantity, frequency and safety of doses could be optimized in a rodent model using the urethral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Dhameja
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gajender K Aseri
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neelam Jain
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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22
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Zaki BM, Hussein AH, Hakim TA, Fayez MS, El-Shibiny A. Phages for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:207-239. [PMID: 37739556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen involved in both hospital- and community-acquired infections. K. pneumoniae is associated with various infections, including pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and surgical wound infection. K. pneumoniae possesses serious virulence, biofilm formation ability, and severe resistance to many antibiotics especially hospital-acquired strains, due to excessive use in healthcare systems. This limits the available effective antibiotics that can be used for patients suffering from K. pneumoniae infections; therefore, alternative treatments are urgently needed. Bacteriophages (for short, phages) are prokaryotic viruses capable of infecting, replicating, and then lysing (lytic phages) the bacterial host. Phage therapy exhibited great potential for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections comprising K. pneumoniae. Hence, this chapter emphasizes and summarizes the research articles in the PubMed database from 1948 until the 15th of December 2022, addressing phage therapy against K. pneumoniae. The chapter provides an overview of K. pneumoniae phages covering different aspects, including phage isolation, different morphotypes of isolated phages, in vitro characterization, anti-biofilm activity, various therapeutic forms, in vivo research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Assmaa H Hussein
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Toka A Hakim
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt.
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23
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Śliwka P, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Żaczek M, Kuźmińska-Bajor M, Dusza I, Skaradzińska A. Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Three Virulent E. coli Bacteriophages with the Potential to Reduce Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065696. [PMID: 36982770 PMCID: PMC10059673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging global crisis of antibiotic resistance demands new alternative antibacterial solutions. Although bacteriophages have been used to combat bacterial infections for over a century, a dramatic boost in phage studies has recently been observed. In the development of modern phage applications, a scientific rationale is strongly required and newly isolated phages need to be examined in detail. In this study, we present the full characterization of bacteriophages BF9, BF15, and BF17, with lytic activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)- and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC)-producing Escherichia coli, the prevalence of which has increased significantly in livestock in recent decades, representing a great hazard to food safety and a public health risk. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that BF9, BF15, and BF17 represent the genera Dhillonvirus, Tequatrovirus, and Asteriusvirus, respectively. All three phages significantly reduced in vitro growth of their bacterial host and retained the ability to lyse bacteria after preincubation at wide ranges of temperature (−20–40 °C) and pH (5–9). The results described herein indicate the lytic nature of BF9, BF15, and BF17, which, along with the absence of genes encoding toxins and bacterial virulence factors, represents an undoubted asset in terms of future phage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śliwka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Żaczek
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Kuźmińska-Bajor
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Dusza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-7791
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24
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Mohammadi M, Saffari M, Siadat SD, Hejazi SH, Shayestehpour M, Motallebi M, Eidi M. Isolation, characterization, therapeutic potency, and genomic analysis of a novel bacteriophage vB_KshKPC-M against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (CRKP) isolated from Ventilator-associated pneumoniae (VAP) infection of COVID-19 patients. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:18. [PMID: 36829156 PMCID: PMC9955523 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a significant clinical problem, given the lack of therapeutic options. The CRKP strains have emerged as an essential worldwide healthcare issue during the last 10 years. Global expansion of the CRKP has made it a significant public health hazard. We must consider to novel therapeutic techniques. Bacteriophages are potent restorative cases against infections with multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The Phages offer promising prospects for the treatment of CRKP infections. OBJECTIVE In this study, a novel K. pneumoniae phage vB_KshKPC-M was isolated, characterized, and sequenced, which was able to infect and lyse Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae host specifically. METHODS One hundred clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from patients with COVID-19 associated with ventilator-associated acute pneumonia hospitalized at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, from 2020 to 2021. Initially, all samples were cultured, and bacterial isolates identified by conventional biochemical tests, and then the ureD gene was used by PCR to confirm the isolates. The Antibiotic susceptibility test in the disc diffusion method and Minimum inhibitory concentrations for Colistin was done and interpreted according to guidelines. Phenotypic and molecular methods determined the Carbapenem resistance of isolates. The blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-23 genes were amplified for this detection. Biofilm determination of CRKP isolates was performed using a quantitative microtiter plate (MTP) method. The phage was isolated from wastewater during the summer season at a specific position from Beheshti Hospital (Kashan, Iran). The sample was processed and purified against the bacterial host, a CRKP strain isolated from a patient suffering from COVID-19 pneumoniae and resistance to Colistin with high potency for biofilm production. This isolate is called Kp100. The separated phages were diluted and titration by the double overlay agar plaque assay. The separate Phage is concentrated with 10% PEG and stored at -80 °C until use. The phage host range was identified by the spot test method. The purified phage morphology was determined using a transmission electron microscope. The phage stability tests (pH and temperature) were analyzed. The effect of cationic ions on phage adsorption was evaluated. The optimal titer of bacteriophage was determined to reduce the concentration of the CRKP strain. One-step growth assays were performed to identify the purified phage burst's latent cycle and size. The SDS-PAGE was used for phage proteins analysis. Phage DNA was extracted by chloroform technique, and the whole genome of lytic phage was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA). For quality assurance and preprocessing, such as trimming, Geneious Prime 2021.2.2 and Spades 3.9.0. The whole genome sequence of the lytic phage is linked to the GenBank database accession number. RASTtk-v1.073 was used to predict and annotate the ORFs. Prediction of ORF was performed using PHASTER software. ResFinder is used to assess the presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in the genome. The tRNAs can-SE v2.0.6 is used to determine the presence of tRNA in the genome. Linear genome comparisons of phages and visualization of coding regions were performed using Easyfig 2.2.3 and Mauve 2.4.0. Phage lifestyles were predicted using the program PHACTS. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid sequences of phage core proteins, such as the major capsid protein. Phylogenies were reconstructed using the Neighbor-Joining method with 1000 bootstrap repeat. HHpred software was used to predict depolymerase. In this study, GraphPad Prism version 9.1 was used for the statistical analysis. Student's t-test was used to compare the sets and the control sets, and the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Phage vB_KshKPC-M is assigned to the Siphoviridae, order Caudovirales. It was identified as a linear double-stranded DNA phage of 54,378 bp with 50.08% G + C content, had a relatively broad host range (97.7%), a short latency of 20 min, and a high burst size of 260 PFU/cell, and was maintained stable at different pH (3-11) and temperature (45-65 °C). The vB_KshKPC-M genome contains 91 open-reading frames. No tRNA, antibiotic resistance, toxin, virulence-related genes, or lysogen-forming gene clusters were detected in the phage genome. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that phage vB_KshKPC-M has sequence similarity to the Klebsiella phages, phage 13 (NC_049844.1), phage Sushi (NC_028774.1), phage vB_KpnD_PeteCarol (OL539448.1) and phage PWKp14 (MZ634345.1). CONCLUSION The broad host range and antibacterial activity make it a promising candidate for future phage therapy applications. The isolated phage was able to lyse most of the antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates. Therefore, this phage can be used alone or as a phage mixture in future studies to control and inhibit respiratory infections caused by these bacteria, especially in treating respiratory infections caused by resistant strains in sick patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Pezeshk Blvd, Qotbe Ravandi Blvd, Kashan, 8715973449, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Pezeshk Blvd, Qotbe Ravandi Blvd, Kashan, 8715973449, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- grid.411036.10000 0001 1498 685XDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Pezeshk Blvd, Qotbe Ravandi Blvd, Kashan, 8715973449 Iran
| | - Mitra Motallebi
- grid.444768.d0000 0004 0612 1049Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Pezeshk Blvd, Qotbe Ravandi Blvd, Kashan, 8715973449 Iran
| | - Milad Eidi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Beyond the Risk of Biofilms: An Up-and-Coming Battleground of Bacterial Life and Potential Antibiofilm Agents. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020503. [PMID: 36836860 PMCID: PMC9959329 DOI: 10.3390/life13020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens and their virulence factors like biofilms are one of the major factors which influence the disease process and its outcomes. Biofilms are a complex microbial network that is produced by bacteria on any devices and/or biotic surfaces to escape harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial effects. Due to the natural protective nature of biofilms and the associated multidrug resistance issues, researchers evaluated several natural anti-biofilm agents, including bacteriophages and their derivatives, honey, plant extracts, and surfactants for better destruction of biofilm and planktonic cells. This review discusses some of these natural agents that are being put into practice to prevent biofilm formation. In addition, we highlight bacterial biofilm formation and the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics.
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26
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Zhang HZ, Shu M, Yang WY, Pan H, Tang MX, Zhao YY, Zhong C, Wu GP. Isolation and characterization of a novel Salmonella bacteriophage JNwz02 capable of lysing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its antibacterial application in foods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Martins WMBS, Li M, Sands K, Lenzi MH, Portal E, Mathias J, Dantas PP, Migliavacca R, Hunter JR, Medeiros EA, Gales AC, Toleman MA. Effective phage cocktail to combat the rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1015-1023. [PMID: 35259067 PMCID: PMC9004492 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant organisms on Earth. As there are few effective treatment options against some pathogens, the interest in the bacteriophage control of multi-drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is escalating, especially for Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to develop a phage-based solution to the rising incidence of extensively drug-resistant clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type (ST16) infections starting from a set of phages recently characterized against this lineage. A phage-cocktail (Katrice-16) composed of eight lytic phages was characterized for potential use in humans. In vitro and in vivo broth inhibition and Galleria mellonella rescue assays were used to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using a collection of 56 strains of K. pneumoniae ST16, with distinct genetic backgrounds that were collected from clinical infections from four disparate nations. Additionally, Katrice-16 anti-biofilm activity, synergism with meropenem, and activity in human body fluids were also assessed. Katrice-16 was highly active in vitro against our K. pneumoniae ST16 collection (AUC% median = 86.48%; Q1 = 83.8%; Q2 = 96.85%; Q3 = 98.85%). It additionally demonstrated excellent in vivo activity in G. mellonella rescue assays, even with larvae infected by isolates that exhibited moderate in vitro inhibition. We measured significant anti-biofilm activity over 12 h (p = .0113) and synergic activity with meropenem. In addition, we also demonstrate that Katrice-16 maintained high activity in human body fluids. Our results indicate that our cocktail will likely be an effective solution for human infections with this increasingly prevalent and often highly resistant bacterial clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willames M B S Martins
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kirsty Sands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael H Lenzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward Portal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan Mathias
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Priscila P Dantas
- Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - James R Hunter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Medeiros
- Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Gales
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark A Toleman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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28
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Jokar J, Rahimian N, Ghasemian A, Najafipour S. The Antibacterial Effects of Cocktail and Single Forms of Lytic Phages Belonging to Podoviridae and Myoviridae Families from Sewage against Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7833565. [PMID: 36467878 PMCID: PMC9718628 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7833565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea caused by bacterial pathogens such as Shigella spp. is one of the prominent public health concerns. The evolution of vast antibiotic resistance by these pathogens, leading to failure in the infections eradication, has made an impetus to seek and develop novel approaches. Recently, some alternative therapies such as phage therapy have been investigated. Bacteriophages are viruses that target specific bacterial species. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic effect of phages obtained from hospital sewage against Shigella sonnei (S. sonnei) ATCC® 9290 and S. flexneri ATCC 12022 standard and clinical strains. METHODS Four various lytic bacteriophages were isolated from animal fecal and sewage samples and propagated using S. sonnei and S. flexneri as host organisms. The phages' morphology was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lytic potential and host specificity of isolated phages were evaluated using double layer plaque assay and spot test. Moreover, bacterial turbidity values were evaluated in coculture with phages in the Luria Bertani (LB) medium for 24 hours at time intervals of 30 min. RESULTS Phage cocktails (Shs1, Shs2, Shf1, and Shf2) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than single phage application against S. sonnei and S. flexneri standard strains. The phages belonged to Podoviridae and Myoviridae families according to TEM-assisted morphological features analysis. In addition, the phages exhibited host specificity using the spot test against 18 Shigella clinical isolates. CONCLUSION In this study, phage cocktail of Podoviridae and Myoviridae families from sewage conferred substantial antibacterial effects against S. sonnei and S. flexneri. However, single phage effects were unstable in the LB coculture. Moreover, the phages had host specificity using the spot test performed against Shigella spp. clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jokar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rahimian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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29
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Zurabov FM, Chernevskaya EA, Beloborodova NV, Zurabov AY, Petrova MV, Yadgarov MY, Popova VM, Fatuev OE, Zakharchenko VE, Gurkova MM, Sorokina EA, Glazunov EA, Kochetova TA, Uskevich VV, Kuzovlev AN, Grechko AV. Bacteriophage Cocktails in the Post-COVID Rehabilitation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122614. [PMID: 36560618 PMCID: PMC9783051 DOI: 10.3390/v14122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and may persist long after disease resolution. The excessive use of antimicrobials in patients with COVID-19 can lead to additional destruction of the microbiota, as well as to the growth and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics encourages the search for alternative methods of limiting bacterial growth and restoring the normal balance of the microbiota in the human body. Bacteriophages are promising candidates as potential regulators of the microbiota. In the present study, two complex phage cocktails targeting multiple bacterial species were used in the rehabilitation of thirty patients after COVID-19, and the effectiveness of the bacteriophages against the clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was evaluated for the first time using real-time visualization on a 3D Cell Explorer microscope. Application of phage cocktails for two weeks showed safety and the absence of adverse effects. An almost threefold statistically significant decrease in the anaerobic imbalance ratio, together with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), was detected. This work will serve as a starting point for a broader and more detailed study of the use of phages and their effects on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor M. Zurabov
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina A. Chernevskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Zurabov
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Petrova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ya. Yadgarov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina M. Popova
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg E. Fatuev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav E. Zakharchenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina M. Gurkova
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Sorokina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Glazunov
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Kochetova
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Uskevich
- Research and Production Center “MicroMir”, 5/23 Nizhny Kiselny Lane, bldg 1, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem N. Kuzovlev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25 Petrovka Str., 2 bldg, 10703 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Characteristics of a novel temperate bacteriophage against Staphylococcus arlettae (vB_SarS_BM31). Int Microbiol 2022; 26:327-341. [PMID: 36336729 PMCID: PMC9638216 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus arlettae is a rarely reported coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) isolated from infected humans and livestock. Observing phage-bacteria interaction could improve the understanding of bacterial pathogenetic mechanisms, providing foundational evidence for phage therapy or phage detection. Herein, we aimed to characterise and annotate a novel bacteriophage, vB_SarS_BM31 (BM31), specific to S. arlettae. This bacteriophage was isolated from a milk sample associated with bovine mastitis and collected in the Sichuan Province, China. RESULTS The BM31 genome comprised a linear double-stranded DNA of 42,271 base pair in length with a G + C content of 34.59%. A total of 65 open reading frames (ORFs) were assembled from phage DNA, of which 29 were functionally annotated. These functional genes were divided into four modules: the structural, DNA packing and replication, lysis, and lysogeny modules. Holin (ORF25), lysin (ORF26), and integrase (ORF28) were located closely in the entire BM31 genome and were important for lyse or lysogeny cycle of BM31. The phage was identified as a temperate phage according to whole genome analysis and life cycle assay, with basic biological characteristics such as small burst size, short latency period, and narrow host range, consistent with the characteristics of the family Siphoviridae, subcluster B14 of the Staphylococcus bacteriophage. CONCLUSIONS The present isolation and characterisation of BM31 contributes to the Staphylococcus bacteriophage database and provides a theoretical foundation for its potential applications. To the best of our knowledge, BM31 is the only shared and completely reported phage against S. arlettae in the entire public database.
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Ebrahim AE, Abd El-Aziz NK, Elariny EYT, Shindia A, Osman A, Hozzein WN, Alkhalifah DHM, El-Hossary D. Antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds extracted from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds against multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035586. [PMID: 36419436 PMCID: PMC9676267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, biologically active compounds such as phenolic-rich extract (PRE), 7S globulin (vicilin), and 11S globulin (legumin) from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds were extracted and evaluated as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales isolated from both animal and human sources. The overall occurrence rate of Enterobacterales was 43.6%, which significantly differed between animal (38.75%) and human (56.67%) sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Enterobacterales isolates exhibited full resistance (100%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, followed by ampicillin (75.44%), erythromycin (71.93%), cefoxitin (70.18%), amoxicillin (66.66%), ceftriaxone (64.91%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (56.14%). Worthy of note, 97.92% of Enterobacterales isolates were MDR. The total phenolic contents (TPC; 53 ± 2 mg GAE g-1) and total flavonoid contents (TFC; 26 ± 1 mg QE g-1) were recorded. The major phenolic and flavonoid components were catechol (17.63 μg/mL) and hesperidin (11.37 μg/mL), respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to detect the 7S and 11S globulin‘s molecular mass. The data revealed that red kidney bean protein isolate (KPI) includes two major portions: 7S and 11S globulins. The bioactive compounds of Phaseolus vulgaris were investigated for their antibacterial activities against Enterobacterales for the first time. The protein component (MIC = 0.125 – 2 μg/mL; 53.85%) and its 7S and 11S globulin subunits (MIC = 0.5 – 2 μg/mL; 30.77% each) were the most potent extracts, whereas the methanolic extract was the least effective one (MIC = 2 μg/mL; 15.38%). The results displayed the potential of protein bioactive compounds as a hopeful candidate for enhancing future medication plans for the treatment of Enterobacterales originating from animal and human sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar E. Ebrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Norhan K. Abd El-Aziz, ;
| | - Eman Y. T. Elariny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shindia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Cao S, Yang W, Zhu X, Liu C, Lu J, Si Z, Pei L, Zhang L, Hu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Pang Z, Xue X, Li Y. Isolation and identification of the broad-spectrum high-efficiency phage vB_SalP_LDW16 and its therapeutic application in chickens. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:386. [PMID: 36329508 PMCID: PMC9632116 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella infection in livestock and poultry causes salmonellosis, and is mainly treated using antibiotics. However, the misuse use of antibiotics often triggers the emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains. Currently, Salmonella phages is safe and effective against Salmonella, serving as the best drug of choice. This study involved 16 Salmonella bacteriophages separated and purified from the sewage and the feces of the broiler farm. A phage, vB_SalP_LDW16, was selected based on the phage host range test. The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was characterized by the double-layer plate method and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutic effect of phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was verified by using the pathogenic Salmonella Enteritidis in the SPF chicken model. Results The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 with a wide host range was identified to the family Siphoviridae and the order Caudoviridae, possess a double-stranded DNA and can lyse 88% (22/25) of Salmonella strains stored in the laboratory. Analysis of the biological characteristics, in addition, revealed the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of vB_SalP_LDW16 to be 0.01 and the phage titer to be up to 3 × 1014 PFU/mL. Meanwhile, the phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was found to have some temperature tolerance, while the titer decreases rapidly above 60 ℃, and a wide pH (i.e., 5–12) range as well as relative stability in pH tolerance. The latent period of phage was 10 min, the burst period was 60 min, and the burst size was 110 PFU/cell. Furthermore, gastric juice was also found to highly influence the activity of the phage. The clinical treatment experiments showed that phage vB_SalP_LDW16 was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the blood through phage treatment, thereby improving the pathological changes in the intestinal, liver, and heart damage, and promoting the growth and development of the chicken. Conclusions The phage vB_SalP_LDW16 is a highly lytic phage with a wide host range, which can be potentially used for preventing and treating chicken salmonellosis, as an alternative or complementary antibiotic treatment in livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xihui Zhu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Cheng Liu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Jianbiao Lu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhenshu Si
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Lanying Pei
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Wensi Hu
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Yanlan Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Zheyu Pang
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xijuan Xue
- Shandong Sinder Technology Co., Ltd., Sinder Industrial Park, Shungeng Road, Zhucheng Development Zone, Weifang, Shandong 262200 China
| | - Yubao Li
- grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China ,grid.411351.30000 0001 1119 5892School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, 252000 Liaocheng, Shandong China
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Li F, Tian F, Nazir A, Sui S, Li M, Cheng D, Nong S, Ali A, KaKar MU, Li L, Feng Q, Tong Y. Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel Autographiviridae bacteriophage IME184 with lytic activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Virus Res 2022; 319:198873. [PMID: 35868353 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a multidrug resistant bacterium that causes nosocomial infections including septicemia, pneumonia etc. Bacteriophages are potential antimicrobial agents for the treatment of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study, a novel bacteriophage IME184, was isolated from hospital sewage against clinical multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Transmission electron microscopy and genomic characterization exhibited this phage belongs to the Molineuxvirinae genus, Autographiviridae family. Phage IME184 possessed a double-stranded DNA genome composed of 44,598 bp with a GC content of 50.3%. The phage genome encodes 57 open reading frames, out of 26 are hypothetical proteins while 31 had assigned putative functions. No tRNA, virulence related or antibiotic resistance genes were found in phage genome. Comparative genomic analysis showed that phage IME184 has 94% similarity with genomic sequence of Klebsiella phage K1-ULIP33 (MK380014.1). Multiplicity of infection, one step growth curve and host range of phage were also measured. According to findings, Phage IME184 is a promising biological agent that infects Klebsiella pneumoniae and can be used in future phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China; Center for Clinical Laboratory,The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Fengjuan Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Amina Nazir
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan Industry North Road 202, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shujing Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengzhe Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Dongxiao Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Siqin Nong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Azam Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohib-Ullah KaKar
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS), Uthal 90150, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Lu Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Taian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiang Feng
- Center for Clinical Laboratory,The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
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Whole genome sequence analysis of bacteriophage P1 that infects the Lactobacillus plantarum. Virus Genes 2022; 58:570-583. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Balcão VM, Moreli FC, Silva EC, Belline BG, Martins LF, Rossi FPN, Pereira C, Vila MMDC, da Silva AM. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage That Inactivates MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071421. [PMID: 35890314 PMCID: PMC9324672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae emphasizes the urgent need of new therapeutic strategies for the control of this pathogen. There is growing interest in the use of bacteriophages (or phages) to treat K. pneumoniae infections, and newly isolated phages are needed. Here, we report the isolation and physical/biological/molecular characterization of a novel lytic phage and its efficacy in the control of MDR K. pneumoniae. The phage vB_KpnS_Uniso31, referred to hereafter as phage Kpn31, was isolated from hospital wastewater using K. pneumoniae CCCD-K001 as the host. Phage Kpn31 presents a siphovirus-like morphotype and was classified as Demerecviridae; Sugarlandvirus based on its complete genome sequence. The 113,444 bp Kpn31 genome does not encode known toxins or antimicrobial resistance genes, nor does it encode depolymerases related sequences. Phage Kpn31 showed an eclipse time of 15 min and a burst size of 9.12 PFU/host cell, allowing us to conclude it replicates well in K. pneumoniae CCCD-K001 with a latency period of 30 min. Phage Kpn31 was shown to be effective against at least six MDR K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in in vitro antibacterial activity assays. Based on its features, phage Kpn31 has potential for controlling infections caused by MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernanda C Moreli
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Erica C Silva
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Belline
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Layla F Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando P N Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Aline M da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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The resurgence of phage-based therapy in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance: from research progress to challenges and prospects. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Briot T, Kolenda C, Ferry T, Medina M, Laurent F, Leboucher G, Pirot F. Paving the way for phage therapy using novel drug delivery approaches. J Control Release 2022; 347:414-424. [PMID: 35569589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance against antibiotics is an emergent medical issue. The development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently needed and, in this context, bacteriophages represent a promising strategy to fight multi resistant bacteria. However, for some applications, bacteriophages cannot be used without an appropriate drug delivery system which increases their stability or provides an adequate targeting to the site of infection. This review summarizes the main application routes for bacteriophages and presents the new delivery approaches designed to increase phage's activity. Clinical successes of these formulations are also highlighted. Globally, this work paves the way for the design and optimization of nano and micro delivery systems for phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Briot
- Pharmacy department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Lyon, France.
| | - Camille Kolenda
- Laboratory of bacteriology, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Infectious and Tropical Diseases unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Medina
- Laboratory of bacteriology, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Laurent
- Laboratory of bacteriology, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Reference Center for Complex Bone and Joint Infection (CRIOAc), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; International Centre for Research in Infectiology, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Leboucher
- Pharmacy department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Pirot
- Plateforme FRIPHARM, Service pharmaceutique, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Recherche et Développement de Pharmacie Galénique Industrielle, Plateforme FRIPHARM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique - UMR 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Isolation and characterization of vB_XciM_LucasX, a new jumbo phage that infects Xanthomonas citri and Xanthomonas fuscans. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266891. [PMID: 35421196 PMCID: PMC9009655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker is one of the main bacterial diseases that affect citrus crops and is caused by Xanthomonas citri which affects all citrus species worldwide. New strategies to control citrus canker are necessary and the use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent could be an alternative. Phages that infect Xanthomonas species have been studied, such as XacN1, a myovirus that infects X. citri. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a new jumbo phage, vb_XciM_LucasX, which infects X. citri and X. fuscans. Transmission electron microscopy allowed classification of LucasX in the Myoviridae family, which was corroborated by its genomic sequencing, annotation, and proteome clustering. LucasX has a 305,651 bp-long dsDNA genome. ORF prediction and annotation revealed 157 genes encoding putative structural proteins such as capsid and tail related proteins and phage assembly associated proteins, however, for most of the structural proteins it was not possible assign specific functions. Its genome encodes several proteins related to DNA replication and nucleotide metabolism, five putative RNA polymerases, at least one homing endonuclease mobile element, a terminase large subunit (TerL), an endolysin and many proteins classified as beneficial to the host. Proteome clustering and phylogeny analyses showed that LucasX is a new jumbo phage having as its closest neighbor the Xanthomonas jumbo phage Xoo-sp14. LucasX presented a burst size of 40 PFU/infected cell of X. citri 306, was completely inactivated at temperatures above 50°C, presented survival lower than 25% after 80 s of exposition to artificial UV light and had practically no tolerance to concentrations above 2.5 g/L NaCl or 40% ethanol. LucasX presented optimum pH at 7 and a broad range of Xanthomonas hosts, infecting twenty-one of the twenty-three strains tested. Finally, the LucasX yield was dependent on the host strain utilized, resulting one order of magnitude higher in X. fuscans C 752 than in X. citri 306, which points out to the possibility of phage yield improvement, an usual challenge for biocontrol purposes.
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Lu B, Yao X, Han G, Luo Z, Zhang J, Yong K, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Cao S. Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage vB_KpnS_MK54 and Pathological Assessment of Endolysin in the Treatment of Pneumonia Mice Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854908. [PMID: 35387089 PMCID: PMC8978833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improper use of antibiotics, an increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria have been reported worldwide, posing challenges for disease treatment. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important zoonotic pathogen that colonises the respiratory tract. Endolysin therapy has emerged with the development of phages. In this study, a lytic phage vB_KpnS_MK54 was isolated from the drinking water of a forest musk deer (FMD) farm in Sichuan Province. It was the first reported phage obtained from FMD. The primary biological characteristics were determined, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed. The phage which belongs to the family Siphoviridae is highly specific for lytic host bacteria and is moderately adaptable to different environments. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that the phage genome size was 46,218 bp. There were 80 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) in total, 32 of which had known functions. The last CDS is the phage endolysin LysG24. A new peptide-modified endolysin (LysCA) was constituted by connecting the cecropin A peptide residues with LysG24 to investigate the antibacterial activities of both LysG24 and LysCA. The results showed that the lytic profile of LysG24 and LysCA was wider than that of phage MK54. For in vitro tests, both endolysins destroyed 99% of the host bacteria within 6 h. The lysing ability and environmental adaptability of LysCA were significantly stronger than those of LysG24. For in vivo tests, LysG24 and LysCA exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of pneumonia wherewith the mice were infected with K. pneumoniae (LPKP), wherein both LysG24 and LysCA can effectively reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response. The LPKP bacterial load in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the bacterial group, among which LysCA displayed a more obvious therapeutic effect. Furthermore, the safety test showed that the endolysins had no toxic effects on mice. In general, both LysG24 and LysCA showed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro, with high safety and strong adaptability to the environment, manifesting their latent potential as new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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40
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Tutelyan AV, Shlykova DS, Voskanyan SL, Gaponov AM, Pisarev VM. Molecular Epidemiology of Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae and Problems of Health-Care Associated Infections. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:507-522. [PMID: 35352244 PMCID: PMC8964242 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The review describes virulence factors of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) including genes determining its virulence and discusses their role in the development of health-care associated infections. The contribution of individual virulence factors and their combination to the development of the hypervirulence and the prospects of using these factors as biomarkers and therapeutic targets are described. Virulence factors of hvKp and “classical” K. pneumoniae strains (cKp) with no hypervirulence genes were compared. The mechanisms of biofilm formation by hvKp and high incidence of its antibiotic resistance are of particular importance for in health care institutions. Therefore, the development of methods for hvKp identification allowing early prevention of severe hvKp infection and novel approaches to abrogate its spreading are new challenges for epidemiology, infection diseases, and critical care medicine. New technologies including bacteriological and molecular studies make it possible to develop innovative strategies to diagnose and treat infection caused by hvKp. These include monitoring of both genetic biomarkers of hvKp and resistance plasmid that carry of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes, creation of immunological agents for the prevention and therapy of hvKp (vaccines, monoclonal antibodies) as well as personalized hvKp-specific phage therapies and pharmaceuticals enhancing the effect of antibiotics. A variety of approaches can reliably prepare our medicine for a new challenge: spreading of life-threatening health-care associated infections caused by antibiotic-resistant hvKp strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Tutelyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Shlykova
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sh L Voskanyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Gaponov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Pisarev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia. .,Federal Research Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia.
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41
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Finney AG, Perry JM, Evans DR, Westbrook KJ, McElheny CL, Iovleva A, Doi Y, Shields RK, Van Tyne D. Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Targeting Diverse Enterobacter spp. Clinical Isolates. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2022; 3:50-58. [PMID: 36147219 PMCID: PMC9041515 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Enterobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. Bacteriophages could be used to treat antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter infections. Materials and Methods: We used 10 genetically diverse clinical Enterobacter spp. isolates to identify lytic bacteriophages in hospital and municipal wastewater. Comparative genomics was performed on host bacterial isolates and isolated phages. Activity of each phage against all 10 host isolates was determined. We also tested phage activity against paired isolates from two patients who developed ceftazidime-avibactam resistance. Results: Bacteria belonged to three Enterobacter species and Klebsiella aerogenes. We isolated 12 bacteriophages, most of which belonged to the Myoviridae and Autographiviridae families. Most phages were able to lyse multiple bacterial isolates, and many lysed isolates of different species. Ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant isolates were still phage susceptible, and one isolate showed increased susceptibility compared with the parent isolate. Conclusion: The phages we isolated expand the diversity of Enterobacter-targeting phages, and could be useful for treating antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G. Finney
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jalyne M. Perry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel R. Evans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin J. Westbrook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christi L. McElheny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina Iovleva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan K. Shields
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Van Tyne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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42
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Singh A, Singh AN, Rathor N, Chaudhry R, Singh SK, Nath G. Evaluation of Bacteriophage Cocktail on Septicemia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mice Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:778676. [PMID: 35197852 PMCID: PMC8860340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.778676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The emergence of resistance against last-resort antibiotics, carbapenem and colistin, in Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported across the globe. Bacteriophage therapy seems to be one of the most promising alternatives. This study aimed to optimize the quantity and frequency of bacteriophage cocktail dosage/s required to eradicate the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in immunocompetent septicemic mice. Methods: The three most active phages ɸKpBHU4, ɸKpBHU7, and ɸKpBHU14 characterized by molecular and TEM analyses were in the form of cocktail and was given intraperitoneally to mice after inducing the septicemia mice model with a constant dose of 8 × 107 colony-forming unit/mouse (CFU/mouse) Klebsiella pneumoniae. After that, the efficacy of the phage cocktail was analyzed at different dosages, that is, in increasing, variable, constant, and repeated dosages. Furthermore, interleukin-6 and endotoxin levels were estimated with variable doses of phage cocktail. Results: We have elucidated that phage therapy is effective against the Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia mice model and is a promising alternative to antibiotic treatments. Our work delineates that a single dose of phage cocktail with 1 × 105 plaque-forming unit/mouse (PFU/mouse) protects the mice from fatal outcomes at any stage of septicemia. However, a higher phage dosage of 1 × 1012 PFU/mice is fatal when given at the early hours of septicemia, while this high dose is not fatal at the later stages of septicemia. Moreover, multiple repeated dosages are required to eradicate the bacteria from peripheral blood. In addition, the IL-6 levels in the 1 × 105 PFU/mouse group remain lower, but in the 1 × 1012 PFU/mouse group remains high at all points, which were associated with fatal outcomes. Conclusion: Our study showed that the optimized relatively lower and multiple dosages of phage cocktails with the strict monitoring of vitals in clinical settings might cure septicemia caused by MDR bacteria with different severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alakh Narayan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nisha Rathor
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gopal Nath
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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43
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Liu S, Lu H, Zhang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Phages against Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms and Biofilm-Based Infections: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020427. [PMID: 35214158 PMCID: PMC8875263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms formed by pathogens are known to be hundreds of times more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic cells, making it extremely difficult to cure biofilm-based infections despite the use of antibiotics, which poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop promising alternative antimicrobial therapies to reduce the burden of drug-resistant bacterial infections caused by biofilms. As natural enemies of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) have the advantages of high specificity, safety and non-toxicity, and possess great potential in the defense and removal of pathogenic bacterial biofilms, which are considered to be alternatives to treat bacterial diseases. This work mainly reviews the composition, structure and formation process of bacterial biofilms, briefly discusses the interaction between phages and biofilms, and summarizes several strategies based on phages and their derivatives against biofilms and drug-resistant bacterial infections caused by biofilms, serving the purpose of developing novel, safe and effective treatment methods against biofilm-based infections and promoting the application of phages in maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Shi
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-139-6717-1522 (Y.S.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-139-6717-1522 (Y.S.)
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44
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Torabi LR, Naghavi NS, Doudi M, Monajemi R. Efficacious antibacterial potency of novel bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn wound infections. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:678-690. [PMID: 34900166 PMCID: PMC8629815 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i5.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) leads to the development of antibiotic resistance and mortality in burn patients. One of the alternative strategies for controlling ESBL bacterial infections is clinical trials of bacteriophage therapy. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize specific bacteriophages against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients with burn ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical samples were isolated from the hospitalized patient in burn medical centers, Iran. Biochemical screenings and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were determined. The phages were isolated from municipal sewerage treatment plants, Isfahan, Iran. TEM and FESEM, adsorption velocity, growth curve, host range, and the viability of the phage particles as well as proteomics and enzyme digestion patterns were examined. RESULTS The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae Iaufa_lad2 (GenBank accession number: MW836954) was confirmed as an ESBL-producing strain using combined disk method. This bacterium showed significant sensitivity to three phages including PɸBw-Kp1, PɸBw-Kp2, and PɸBw-Kp3. Morphological characterization demonstrated that the phage PɸBw-Kp3 to the Siphoviridae family (lambda-like phages) and both phages PɸBw-Kp1 and ɸBw-Kp2 to the Podoviridae family (T1-like phages). The isolated bacteriophages had a large burst size, thermal and pH viability and efficient adsorption rate to the host cells. CONCLUSION In present study, the efficacy of bacteriophages against ESBL pathogenic bacterium promises a remarkable achievement for phage therapy. It seems that, these isolated bacteriophages, in the form of phage cocktails, had a strong antibacterial impacts and a broad-spectrum strategy against ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from burn ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monir Doudi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramesh Monajemi
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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45
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Amankwah S, Abdella K, Kassa T. Bacterial Biofilm Destruction: A Focused Review On The Recent Use of Phage-Based Strategies With Other Antibiofilm Agents. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:161-177. [PMID: 34548785 PMCID: PMC8449863 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s325594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities that live in association with biotic or abiotic surfaces and enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance. Their formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissue and medical device surfaces, pose a major threat causing chronic infections. In addition, current antibiotics and antiseptic agents have shown limited ability to completely remove biofilms. In this review, the authors provide an overview on the formation of bacterial biofilms and its characteristics, burden and evolution with phages. Moreover, the most recent possible use of phages and phage-derived enzymes to combat bacteria in biofilm structures is elucidated. From the emerging results, it can be concluded that despite successful use of phages and phage-derived products in destroying biofilms, they are mostly not adequate to eradicate all bacterial cells. Nevertheless, a combined therapy with the use of phages and/or phage-derived products with other antimicrobial agents including antibiotics, nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides may be effective approaches to remove biofilms from medical device surfaces and to treat their associated infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Amankwah
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Accra Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kedir Abdella
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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46
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Xu J, Zhang R, Yu X, Zhang X, Liu G, Liu X. Molecular Characteristics of Novel Phage vB_ShiP-A7 Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli, and Its Bactericidal Effect in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698962. [PMID: 34512574 PMCID: PMC8427288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that bacteriophages (phages) can inhibit infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we isolated a new phage, named vB_ShiP-A7, using MDR Shigella flexneri as the host. vB_ShiP-A7 is a novel member of Podoviridae, with a latency period of approximately 35 min and a burst size of approximately 100 phage particles/cell. The adsorption rate constant of phage vB_ShiP-A7 to its host S. flexneri was 1.405 × 10–8 mL/min. The vB_ShiP-A7 genome is a linear double-stranded DNA composed of 40,058 bp with 177 bp terminal repeats, encoding 43 putative open reading frames. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the genome sequence of vB_ShiP-A7 is closely related to 15 different phages, which can infect different strains. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 12 known proteins and 6 hypothetical proteins exist in the particles of phage vB_ShiP-A7. Our results confirmed that the genome of vB_ShiP-A7 is free of lysogen-related genes, bacterial virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance genes. vB_ShiP-A7 can significantly disrupt the growth of some MDR clinical strains of S. flexneri and Escherichia coli in liquid culture and biofilms in vitro. In addition, vB_ShiP-A7 can reduce the load of S. flexneri by approximately 3–10 folds in an infection model of mice. Therefore, vB_ShiP-A7 is a stable novel phage with the potential to treat infections caused by MDR strains of S. flexneri and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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