1
|
Kosmerl E, Miller C, Jiménez-Flores R. Preventative Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ingredients on DSS-Induced Mucosal Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:954. [PMID: 38612988 PMCID: PMC11013169 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) produce glycoproteins called mucins that form a protective barrier from digestive contents and external stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its milk phospholipid component (MPL) can benefit the GIT through improving barrier function. Our objective was to compare the effects of two digested MFGM ingredients with or without dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced barrier stress on mucin proteins. Co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX intestinal cells were treated with in vitro digests of 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/v) MFGM or MPL alone for 6 h or followed by challenge with 2.5% DSS (6 h). Transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4) permeability measurements were used to measure changes in barrier integrity. Mucin characterization was performed using a combination of slot blotting techniques for secreted (MUC5AC, MUC2) and transmembrane (MUC3A, MUC1) mucins, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue staining. Digested MFGM and MPL prevented a DSS-induced reduction in secreted mucins, which corresponded to the prevention of DSS-induced increases in FD4 permeability. SEM and PAS/Alcian blue staining showed similar visual trends for secreted mucin production. A predictive bioinformatic approach was also used to identify potential KEGG pathways involved in MFGM-mediated mucosal maintenance under colitis conditions. This preliminary in silico evidence, combined with our in vitro findings, suggests the role of MFGM in inducing repair and maintenance of the mucosal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kosmerl E, González-Orozco BD, García-Cano I, Ortega-Anaya J, Jiménez-Flores R. Milk phospholipids protect Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis during in vitro digestion and enhance polysaccharide production. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1194945. [PMID: 38024346 PMCID: PMC10657999 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1194945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is associated with the gut microbiota of breast-fed infants. Bifidobacterium infantis promotes intestinal barrier and immune function through several proposed mechanisms, including interactions between their surface polysaccharides, the host, and other gut microorganisms. Dairy foods and ingredients are some of the most conspicuous food-based niches for this species and may provide benefits for their delivery and efficacy in the gut. Milk phospholipid (MPL)-rich ingredients have been increasingly recognized for their versatile benefits to health, including interactions with the gut microbiota and intestinal cells. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the capacity for MPL to promote survival of B. infantis during simulated digestion and to modulate bacterial polysaccharide production. To achieve these aims, B. infantis was incubated with or without 0.5% MPL in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) media at 37°C under anaerobiosis. Survival across the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases using in vitro digestion was measured using plate count, along with adhesion to goblet-like intestinal cells. MPL increased B. infantis survival at the end of the intestinal phase by at least 7% and decreased adhesion to intestinal cells. The bacterial surface characteristics, which may contribute to these effects, were assessed by ζ-potential, changes in surface proteins using comparative proteomics, and production of bound polysaccharides. MPL decreased the surface charge of the bifidobacteria from -17 to -24 mV and increased a 50 kDa protein (3-fold) that appears to be involved in protection from stress. The production of bound polysaccharides was measured using FTIR, HPLC, and TEM imaging. These techniques all suggest an increase in bound polysaccharide production at least 1.7-fold in the presence of MPL. Our results show that MPL treatment increases B. infantis survival during simulated digestion, induces a stress resistance surface protein, and yields greater bound polysaccharide production, suggesting its use as a functional ingredient to enhance probiotic and postbiotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Kosmerl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kreitman A, Schneider SH, Hao L, Schlussel Y, Bello NT, Shapses SA. Reduced postprandial bone resorption and greater rise in GLP-1 in overweight and obese individuals after an α-glucosidase inhibitor: a double-blinded randomized crossover trial. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1379-1386. [PMID: 33432459 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When taken with a meal, α-glucosidase inhibitors (α-GI) reduce the rise in postprandial glucose and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and this may lower bone turnover. In this study, a salacinol-type α-GI increased GLP-1 and markedly reduced postprandial bone resorption compared to placebo, suggesting it could have implications for bone health. INTRODUCTION Animal and clinical trials indicate that α-glucosidase inhibitors attenuate postprandial glycemic indices and increase secretion of GLP-1. In addition, GLP-1 acts on bone by inhibiting resorption. The goal in this study was to determine if a salacinol α-GI alters postprandial bone turnover and can be explained by changes in serum GLP-1. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, healthy overweight/obese adults (body mass index 29.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 21-59 years; n = 21) received a fixed breakfast and, in random order, were administered Salacia chinensis (SC; 500 mg) or placebo. A fasting blood sample was taken before and at regular intervals for 3 h after the meal. Serum was measured for bone turnover markers, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin, and for glycemic indices and gut peptides. RESULTS Compared to placebo, SC attenuated the bone resorption marker, CTX, at 60, 90, and 120 min (p < 0.05) after the meal, and decreased osteocalcin, at 180 min (p < 0.05). As expected, SC attenuated the postprandial rise in glucose compared with placebo, whereas GLP-1 was increased at 60 min (p < 0.05) with SC. Serum GLP-1 explained 41% of the variance for change in postprandial CTX (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that attenuating postprandial glycemic indices, with an α-GI, markedly decreases postprandial bone resorption and can be explained by the rise in GLP-1. Future studies should determine whether longer term α-GI use benefits bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kreitman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S H Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - L Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Y Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - N T Bello
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley RD, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- NJ-Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen L, Zhang S, Sun X, McDonald JD, Bruno RS, Zhu J. Application of Comparative Lipidomics to Elucidate Postprandial Metabolic Excursions Following Dairy Milk Ingestion in Individuals with Prediabetes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2583-2595. [PMID: 33719448 PMCID: PMC8106868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-dense dairy foods are an important component of a healthy diet. Recommendations, however, advise non- and low-fat dairy foods despite controversy concerning whether full-fat dairy foods adversely impact cardiometabolic health. Therefore, in this study, our objective is to examine the differential plasma lipidomic responses to non-fat or full-fat milk ingestion during postprandial hyperglycemia. Seven adults with prediabetes completed a randomized cross-over study in which glucose was consumed alone or with non-fat or full-fat dairy milk. Plasma samples collected at 90 min and 180 min post milk ingestion were used to perform untargeted lipidomics analysis. A total of 332 lipids from 20 classes and five lipid categories were detected at different time points during the postprandial period. Dairy milk, especially non-fat milk, protected against lipid changes otherwise induced by glucose ingestion. Co-ingestion of dairy milk with glucose, regardless of fat content, significantly altered lipid profiles although full-fat milk more substantially modulated lipid profiles. For the identified lipid biomarkers, 68.0% and 66.7% of the lipids significantly increased at 90 and 180 min, respectively, while phosphatidylcholines (GPs) contributed most for the significant increase. Comparative lipidomics analysis indicated that both types of dairy milk induced significant changes in several lipid pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism, to protect against postprandial hyperglycemia. In summary, our comparative lipidomics results suggested that dairy milk-mediated lipid modulation may be an effective dietary approach to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases among those with prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua D. McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palmano KP, MacGibbon AKH, Gunn CA, Schollum LM. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bovine Milkfat Globule (MFGM)-derived Complex Lipid Fractions. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2089. [PMID: 32679677 PMCID: PMC7400859 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous health related properties have been reported for bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its components. Here we present novel data on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various MFGM preparations which confirm and extend the concept of MFGM as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent. Cell-based assays were used to test the ability of MFGM preparations to modulate levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and neutrophil elastase. In rat models of arthritis, using MFGM fractions as dietary interventions, the phospholipid-enriched MFGM isolates were effective in reducing adjuvant-induced paw swelling while there was a tendency for the ganglioside-enriched isolate to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of MFGM, rather than residing in a single component, is contributed to by an array of components acting in concert against various inflammatory targets. This confirms the potential of MFGM as a nutritional intervention for the mitigation of chronic and acute inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate P. Palmano
- Retired from Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | | | - Caroline A. Gunn
- Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.A.G.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Linda M. Schollum
- Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.A.G.); (L.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fontecha J, Brink L, Wu S, Pouliot Y, Visioli F, Jiménez-Flores R. Sources, Production, and Clinical Treatments of Milk Fat Globule Membrane for Infant Nutrition and Well-Being. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1607. [PMID: 32486129 PMCID: PMC7352329 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is gaining traction. The interest is two-fold; on the one hand, it is a unique trilayer structure with specific secretory function. On the other hand, it is the basis for ingredients with the presence of phospho- and sphingolipids and glycoproteins, which are being used as food ingredients with valuable functionality, in particular, for use as a supplement in infant nutrition. This last application is at the center of this Review, which aims to contribute to understanding MFGM's function in the proper development of immunity, cognition, and intestinal trophism, in addition to other potential effects such as prevention of diseases including cardiovascular disease, impaired bone turnover and inflammation, skin conditions, and infections as well as age-associated cognitive decline and muscle loss. The phospholipid composition of MFGM from bovine milk is quite like human milk and, although there are some differences due to dairy processing, these do not result in a chemical change. The MFGM ingredients, as used to improve the formulation in different clinical studies, have indeed increased the presence of phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with the resulting benefits of different outcomes (especially immune and cognitive outcomes) with no reported adverse effects. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism(s) of action of MFGM remain to be elucidated and further basic investigation is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fontecha
- Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lauren Brink
- Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA; (L.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Steven Wu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, IN 47721, USA; (L.B.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yves Pouliot
- STELA Dairy Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Department of Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Food Science and Technology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brink LR, Herren AW, McMillen S, Fraser K, Agnew M, Roy N, Lönnerdal B. Omics analysis reveals variations among commercial sources of bovine milk fat globule membrane. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3002-3016. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Protective properties of milk sphingomyelin against dysfunctional lipid metabolism, gut dysbiosis, and inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 73:108224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Addition of milk fat globule membrane-enriched supplement to a high-fat meal attenuates insulin secretion and induction of soluble epoxide hydrolase gene expression in the postprandial state in overweight and obese subjects. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e16. [PMID: 31080589 PMCID: PMC6498758 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CVD and associated metabolic diseases are linked to chronic inflammation, which can be modified by diet. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is a difference in inflammatory markers, blood metabolic and lipid panels and lymphocyte gene expression in response to a high-fat dairy food challenge with or without milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Participants consumed a dairy product-based meal containing whipping cream (WC) high in saturated fat with or without the addition of MFGM, following a 12 h fasting blood draw. Inflammatory markers including IL-6 and C-reactive protein, lipid and metabolic panels and lymphocyte gene expression fold changes were measured using multiplex assays, clinical laboratory services and TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Fold changes in gene expression were determined using the Pfaffl method. Response variables were converted into incremental AUC, tested for differences, and corrected for multiple comparisons. The postprandial insulin response was significantly lower following the meal containing MFGM (P < 0·01). The gene encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was shown to be more up-regulated in the absence of MFGM (P = 0·009). Secondary analyses showed that participants with higher baseline cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (Chol:HDL) had a greater reduction in gene expression of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTBR) with the WC+MFGM meal. The protein and lipid composition of MFGM is thought to be anti-inflammatory. These exploratory analyses suggest that addition of MFGM to a high-saturated fat meal modifies postprandial insulin response and offers a protective role for those individuals with higher baseline Chol:HDL.
Collapse
Key Words
- ARA, arachidonic acid
- CD14, cluster of differentiation 14
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- Chol:HDL, cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio
- Cytokines
- EPHX2, soluble epoxide hydrolase
- Inflammatory markers
- LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LTBR, lymphotoxin β receptor
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Milk fat globule membrane
- Overweight
- Postprandial inflammation
- SAA, serum amyloid A
- Saturated fat
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- WC, whipping cream
- iAUC, incremental AUC
- sEH, soluble epoxide hydrolase
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou AL, Ward RE. Milk polar lipids modulate lipid metabolism, gut permeability, and systemic inflammation in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J ob/ob mice, a model of severe obesity. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4816-4831. [PMID: 30981495 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic interactions between lipid metabolism, gut permeability, and systemic inflammation remain unclear in the context of obesity. Milk polar lipids, lipids derived from the milk fat globule membrane, could positively affect the aforementioned obesity-related endpoints. This study aimed to test the hypotheses that milk polar lipids will reduce gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and liver lipid levels, and differentially affect the hepatic expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol regulation in preexisting obesity. We fed 3 groups of C57BL/6J ob/ob mice (n = 6 per group) for 2 wk: (1) a modified AIN-93G diet (CO) with 34% fat by energy; (2) CO with milk gangliosides (GG) at 0.2 g/kg of diet; and (3) CO with milk phospholipids (PL) at 10 g/kg of diet. The GG and PL were provided as semi-purified concentrates and replaced 2.0% and 7.2% of dietary fat by energy. The GG and PL did not affect total food intake, weight gain, fasting glucose, or gut permeability. The PL decreased liver mass and the mesenteric fat depot compared with the CO. The GG increased tight junction protein occludin in colon mucosa compared with the CO. The GG and PL decreased tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in jejunum mucosa compared with the CO. Plasma endotoxin increased during the study but was unaffected by the treatments. Compared with the CO and GG, the PL increased plasma sphingomyelin and plasma IL-6. The GG and PL differentially regulated genes associated with lipid metabolism in the liver compared with the CO. Regarding general effects on lipid metabolism, the GG and PL decreased lipid levels in the liver and the mesenteric depot, and increased lipid levels in the plasma. Diet consumption decreased significantly when the ob/ob mice were kept in metabolic cages, which were not big enough and resulted in unwanted animal deaths. Future studies may keep this in mind and use better metabolic equipment for ob/ob mice. In conclusion, dietary milk polar lipids may have limited beneficial effects on gut barrier integrity, systemic inflammation, and lipid metabolism in the context of severe obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Zhou
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan 84322
| | - R E Ward
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, 8700 Old Main Hill, Logan 84322.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Postprandial inflammatory responses after oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges: Influence of obesity, sex and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:876-885. [PMID: 30975555 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Most evidence linking the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with chronic low-grade inflammation has been obtained in the fasting state. We have studied the postprandial inflammatory response to oral glucose, lipid and protein challenges and the possible influences of obesity, sex and PCOS on these responses. METHODS On alternate days, we submitted 17 women with PCOS (9 non-obese, 8 obese), 17 control women (9 non-obese, 8 obese) and 19 control men (10 non-obese, 9 obese) to isocaloric (300 Kcal) oral macronutrient loads. We assayed serum for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, pentraxin-3 and galectin-3 concentrations and leukocytes for expression of TNF, IL6, IL10 and their receptors TNFRSF1B, IL6R and IL10RA. RESULTS Circulating IL-6 levels decreased after glucose and protein ingestion but slightly increased after oral lipid intake. Leukocyte IL6 expression did not change after the ingestion of any macronutrient yet IL6R expression increased during all macronutrient challenges, the largest increase being observed after glucose ingestion. Serum TNF-α similarly decreased during either macronutrient load, whereas TNF expression increased after macronutrient ingestion, the highest increase observed after oral glucose. TNFRSF1B expression also increased after glucose intake but not after lipid or protein ingestion. No global effect of obesity or group on postprandial circulating IL-6, TNF-α, or IL6, IL6R, TNF and TNFRSF1B expression was found. Circulating IL-18 concentrations decreased during all oral challenges, whereas in case of galectin-3 and pentraxin-3 only the protein load caused a reduction in its concentrations. Of the genes studied here, IL10 showed the largest increase in expression throughout all the postprandial curves, particularly after glucose. Obesity blunted the increase in IL10 expression. IL10RA expression decreased after glucose ingestion but remained unchanged during lipid and protein loads. CONCLUSIONS Glucose ingestion, as opposed to lipid and protein intake, results into the largest increase in leukocyte gene expression of inflammatory mediators. The expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 was the largest observed here, suggesting a compensatory mechanisms against postprandial inflammation that may be blunted in obesity. However, these responses did not translate into the circulating concentrations of these inflammatory mediators during the immediate postprandial phase.
Collapse
|
12
|
McDonald JD, Mah E, Dey P, Olmstead BD, Sasaki GY, Villamena FA, Bruno RS. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, protects against postprandial hyperglycemia-mediated impairments in vascular endothelial function in adults with prediabetes by limiting oxidative stress responses that reduce nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:129-139. [PMID: 30359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF) in an oxidative-stress-dependent manner by decreasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, attenuates PPH, but whether this improves VEF by limiting oxidative stress responses that otherwise decrease NO• bioavailability is not known. We hypothesized that nonfat and full-fat dairy milk would similarly improve VEF by attenuating PPH-induced oxidative stress that otherwise decreases NO• biosynthesis and bioavailability. A randomized, crossover trial was conducted in adults with prediabetes (n=22) who ingested glucose (75 g) dissolved in 473 ml of water (GLU), or glucose with an equal volume of nonfat dairy milk (NFM) or full-fat dairy milk (FFM). Prior to and at 30-min intervals for 180 min postprandially, we assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and measured circulating biomarkers of glycemic control, oxidative stress and NO• homeostasis. AUC0-180 min for FMD and NO• metabolites was lowest in GLU but relatively greater in NFM and FFM. Compared with GLU, AUCs for glucose, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes and endothelin-1 were similarly lower in dairy trials. Milk-mediated vasoprotection was accompanied by greater levels of plasma arginine and lower levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine. Postprandial insulin, lipids and tetrahydrobiopterin redox status did not differ among trials. Thus, dairy milk, regardless of its fat content, attenuates PPH-mediated impairments in VEF by limiting oxidative stress. This improves NO• bioavailability to the vascular endothelium by increasing arginine availability and limiting competitive inhibition on NO• biosynthesis by asymmetric dimethylarginine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bryan D Olmstead
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Starup-Linde J, Gregersen S, Vestergaard P. The effect of meals on bone turnover - a systematic review with focus on diabetic bone disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:233-249. [PMID: 30234398 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1518131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) is increased and bone turnover is low in type 2 diabetes and the increased BMD does not explain the increased fracture risk. However, the low bone turnover may lead to insufficient bone renewal with unrepaired micro-cracks and thus increase fracture risk. Ingestion of food acutely decreases bone resorption markers and the macronutrient composition of meals and meal frequency may influence bone metabolism adversely in subjects with unhealthy eating patterns, e.g., patients with type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED The treatment strategy of bone disease in type 2 diabetics is covered in this review. The current management of diabetic bone disease consists of anti-osteoporotic treatment. However, anti-resorptives may further reduce an already low bone turnover with uncertain effects. Furthermore, the acute and long-term effects of meal ingestion, weight loss alone and in combination with exercise as well as the possible underlying mechanisms are covered in this systematic review. EXPERT COMMENTARY Current management of diabetic bone disease is based on principles of anti-osteoporotic treatment in non-diabetic subjects. However, studies are urged to investigate whether anti-resorptives are equally beneficial in type 2 diabetes as in non-diabetic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- c Department of Endocrinology , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- d Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Oliveira Otto MC, Lemaitre RN, Song X, King IB, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Serial measures of circulating biomarkers of dairy fat and total and cause-specific mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:476-484. [PMID: 30007304 PMCID: PMC6299165 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy has emerged about the benefits compared with harms of dairy fat, including concerns over long-term effects. Previous observational studies have assessed self-reported estimates of consumption or a single biomarker measure at baseline, which may lead to suboptimal estimation of true risk. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate prospective associations of serial measures of plasma phospholipid fatty acids pentadecanoic (15:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), and trans-palmitoleic (trans-16:1n-7) acids with total mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults. Design Among 2907 US adults aged ≥65 y and free of CVD at baseline, circulating fatty acid concentrations were measured serially at baseline, 6 y, and 13 y. Deaths and CVD events were assessed and adjudicated centrally. Prospective associations were assessed by multivariate-adjusted Cox models incorporating time-dependent exposures and covariates. Results During 22 y of follow-up, 2428 deaths occurred, including 833 from CVD, 1595 from non-CVD causes, and 1301 incident CVD events. In multivariable models, circulating pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, and trans-palmitoleic acids were not significantly associated with total mortality, with extreme-quintile HRs of 1.05 for pentadecanoic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.22), 1.07 for heptadecanoic (95% CI: 0.93, 1.23), and 1.05 for trans-palmitoleic (95% CI: 0.91, 1.20) acids. Circulating heptadecanoic acid was associated with lower CVD mortality (extreme-quintile HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98), especially stroke mortality, with a 42% lower risk when comparing extreme quintiles of heptadecanoic acid concentrations (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.97). In contrast, heptadecanoic acid was associated with a higher risk of non-CVD mortality (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.52), which was not clearly related to any single subtype of non-CVD death. No significant associations of pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids were seen for total incident CVD, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Conclusions Long-term exposure to circulating phospholipid pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic, or trans-palmitoleic acids was not significantly associated with total mortality or incident CVD among older adults. High circulating heptadecanoic acid was inversely associated with CVD and stroke mortality and potentially associated with higher risk of non-CVD death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C de Oliveira Otto
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX,Address correspondence to MCdOO (e-mail: )
| | | | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dietary and Endogenous Sphingolipid Metabolism in Chronic Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111180. [PMID: 29143791 PMCID: PMC5707652 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underlying factor in many major metabolic diseases afflicting Western societies. Sphingolipid metabolism is pivotal in the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is in turn influenced by inflammatory pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of sphingolipid metabolism in mammalian cells, including a description of sphingolipid structure, biosynthesis, turnover, and role in inflammatory signaling. Sphingolipid metabolites play distinct and complex roles in inflammatory signaling and will be discussed. We also review studies examining dietary sphingolipids and inflammation, derived from in vitro and rodent models, as well as human clinical trials. Dietary sphingolipids appear to influence inflammation-related chronic diseases through inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption, altering gut microbiota, activation of anti-inflammatory nuclear receptors, and neutralizing responses to inflammatory stimuli. The anti-inflammatory effects observed with consuming dietary sphingolipids are in contrast to the observation that most cellular sphingolipids play roles in augmenting inflammatory signaling. The relationship between dietary sphingolipids and low-grade chronic inflammation in metabolic disorders is complex and appears to depend on sphingolipid structure, digestion, and metabolic state of the organism. Further research is necessary to confirm the reported anti-inflammatory effects of dietary sphingolipids and delineate their impacts on endogenous sphingolipid metabolism.
Collapse
|