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Patra SS, Jiang J, Ding X, Huang C, Reidy EK, Kumar V, Price P, Keech C, Steiner G, Stevens P, Jung N, Boor BE. Dynamics of nanocluster aerosol in the indoor atmosphere during gas cooking. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae044. [PMID: 39015346 PMCID: PMC11250196 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanocluster aerosol (NCA: particles in the size range of 1-3 nm) are a critically important, yet understudied, class of atmospheric aerosol particles. NCA efficiently deposit in the human respiratory system and can translocate to vital organs. Due to their high surface area-to-mass ratios, NCA are associated with a heightened propensity for bioactivity and toxicity. Despite the human health relevance of NCA, little is known regarding the prevalence of NCA in indoor environments where people spend the majority of their time. In this study, we quantify the formation and transformation of indoor atmospheric NCA down to 1 nm via high-resolution online nanoparticle measurements during propane gas cooking in a residential building. We observed a substantial pool of sub-1.5 nm NCA in the indoor atmosphere during cooking periods, with aerosol number concentrations often dominated by the newly formed NCA. Indoor atmospheric NCA emission factors can reach up to ∼1016 NCA/kg-fuel during propane gas cooking and can exceed those for vehicles with gasoline and diesel engines. Such high emissions of combustion-derived indoor NCA can result in substantial NCA respiratory exposures and dose rates for children and adults, significantly exceeding that for outdoor traffic-associated NCA. Combustion-derived indoor NCA undergo unique size-dependent physical transformations, strongly influenced by particle coagulation and condensation of low-volatility cooking vapors. We show that indoor atmospheric NCA need to be measured directly and cannot be predicted using conventional indoor air pollution markers such as PM2.5 mass concentrations and NO x (NO + NO2) mixing ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya S Patra
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jinglin Jiang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiaosu Ding
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chunxu Huang
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emily K Reidy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Paige Price
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Gerhard Steiner
- GRIMM Aerosol Technik Ainring GmbH & Co. KG, Ainring 83404, Germany
| | - Philip Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Nusrat Jung
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brandon E Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Air Pollution: Toxicity and Detection in Biological Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223948. [PMID: 36432235 PMCID: PMC9698098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. Carbonaceous particles (CPs) constitute a major fraction of ultrafine PM and have the most harmful effects. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the main components of CPs, e.g., carbon black (CB), black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), from natural and anthropogenic sources. The emission sources and the adverse effects of CPs on the environment and human health are discussed. Particularly, we provide a detailed overview of the reported toxic effects of CPs in the human body, such as respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, neurodegenerative effects, carcinogenic effects, etc. In addition, we also discuss the challenges faced by and limitations of the available analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of CPs in atmospheric and biological samples. Considering the heterogeneous nature of CPs and biological samples, a detailed overview of different analytical techniques for the detection of CPs in (real-exposure) biological samples is also provided. This review provides useful insights into the classification, toxicity, and detection of CPs in biological samples.
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3
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Liu L, Huo X, Zhang Z, Jiang R, Liu W, Zhu Q, Ren H. Effect of Methanol Additives on Soot Inhibition during n-Decane Pyrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliu Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ziduan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rongpei Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing 100074, P. R. China
| | - Weixiong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
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4
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Dinger N, Panzetta V, Russo C, Netti PA, Sirignano M. In vitro effects of combustion generated carbon dots on cellular parameters in healthy and cancerous breast cells. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:733-756. [PMID: 36403151 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2144775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are an inventive class of materials with wide applications in state-of-the-art bioimaging and therapeutics. They allow a broad range of tunable and integrated advantages of structural flexibility, chemical and thermal stability, upright electrical conductivity, and the option of scale-up and mass production. In the context of nanomedicine, carbon nanomaterials have been used extensively to mitigate the serious side effects of conventional chemotherapy and also to enable early cancer diagnostics, given their wide range of tunable properties. A class of carbon nanomaterials, called carbon dots (CDs) are small carbon-based nanoparticles and have been a valued discovery due to their photoluminescence, low photobleaching, and high surface area to mass ratio. The process of producing these CDs had so far been a high energy demanding process involving wet chemistry for purification. A one-step tunable production of luminescent CDs from fuel rich combustion reactors was recently presented by our group. In this paper, we explore the effects of these yellow luminescent combustion-generated CDs in MCF7 adenocarcinoma and MCF10a normal breast epithelial cells. We observed that these CDs, also at nontoxic doses, can affect basic cellular functions, such as cell cycle and proliferation; induce substantial changes on the physical parameters of the plasma membrane; and change the overall appearance of a cell in terms of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Dinger
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Russo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili- CNR - P.le V. Tecchio, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials, CRIB, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care IIT@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Sirignano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Marcella S, Apicella B, Secondo A, Palestra F, Opromolla G, Ciardi R, Tedeschi V, Ferrara AL, Russo C, Rosaria Galdiero M, Cristinziano L, Modestino L, Spadaro G, Fiorelli A, Loffredo S. Size-based effects of anthropogenic ultrafine particles on activation of human lung macrophages. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107395. [PMID: 35839670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic particulate matter (PM), suspended air dust that can be inhaled by humans and deposited in the lungs, is one of the main pollutants in the industrialized cities atmosphere. Recent studies have shown that PM has adverse effects on respiratory diseases. These effects are mainly due to the ultrafine particles (PM0.1, PM < 100 nm), which, thanks to their PM size, are efficiently deposited in nasal, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. Pulmonary macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population distributed in different lung compartments, whose role in inflammatory response to injury is of particular relevance. In this study, we investigated the effect of PM0.1 on Human Lung Macrophages (HLMs) activation evaluated as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine release, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i). Furthermore, PM0.1, after removal of organic fraction, was fractionated in nanoparticles both smaller (NP20) and bigger (NP100) than 20 nm by a properlydeveloped analytical protocol, allowed isolating their individual contribution. Interestingly, while PM0.1 and NP20 induced stimulatory effects on HLM cytokines release, NP100 had not effect. In particular, PM0.1 induced IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, but not CXCL8, release from HLMs. Moreover, PM0.1, NP20 and NP100 did not induce β-glucuronidase release, a preformed mediator contained in HLMs. The long time necessary for cytokines release (18 h) suggested that PM0.1 and NP20 could induce ex-novo production of the tested mediators. Accordingly, after 6 h of incubation, PM0.1 and NP20 induced mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, NP20 induced ROS production and [Ca2+]i increase in a time-dependent manner, without producing cytotoxicity. Collectively, the present data highlight the main proinflammatory role of NP20 among PM fractions. This is particularly of concern because this fraction is not currently covered by legal limits as it is not easily measured at the exhausts by the available technical methodologies, suggesting that it is mandatory to search for new monitoring techniques and strategies for limiting NP20 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Barbara Apicella
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (STEMS)-CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Opromolla
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Renato Ciardi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmela Russo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili (STEMS)-CNR, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Cristinziano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Modestino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Translational Medical and Surgical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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6
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Indoor and Outdoor Nanoparticle Concentrations in an Urban Background Area in Northern Sweden: The NanoOffice Study. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention due to their very small size, high penetration capacity, and high toxicity. In urban environments, combustion-formed nanoparticles (CFNPs) dominate in particle number concentrations (PNCs), and exposure to those particles constitutes a risk to human health. Even though fine particles (<2.5 µm) are regularly monitored, information on NP concentrations, both indoors and outdoors, is still limited. In the NanoOffice study, concentrations of nanoparticles (10–300 nm) were measured both indoors and outdoors with a 5-min time resolution at twelve office buildings in Umeå. Measurements were taken during a one-week period in the heating season and a one-week period in the non-heating season. The measuring equipment SMPS 3938 was used for indoor measurements, and DISCmini was used for outdoor measurements. The NP concentrations were highest in offices close to a bus terminal and lowest in offices near a park. In addition, a temporal effect appeared, usually with higher concentrations of nanoparticles found during daytime in the urban background area, whereas considerably lower nanoparticle concentrations were often present during nighttime. Infiltration of nanoparticles from the outdoor air into the indoor air was also common. However, the indoor/outdoor ratios (I/O ratios) of NPs showed large variations between buildings, seasons, and time periods, with I/O ratios in the range of 0.06 to 0.59. The reasons for high indoor infiltration rates could be NP emissions from adjacent outdoor sources. We could also see particle growth since the indoor NPs were, on average, almost twice as large as the NPs measured outdoors. Despite relatively low concentrations of NPs in the urban background air during nighttime, they could rise to very high daytime concentrations due to local sources, and those particles also infiltrated the indoor air.
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Vis B, Hewitt RE, Faria N, Bastos C, Chappell H, Pele L, Jugdaohsingh R, Kinrade SD, Powell JJ. Non-Functionalized Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticles Directly and Size-Selectively Activate T Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10843-10854. [PMID: 30346692 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sub-micron-sized silica nanoparticles, even as small as 10-20 nm in diameter, are well-known for their activation of mononuclear phagocytes. In contrast, the cellular impact of those <10 nm [ i.e., ultrasmall silica nanoparticles (USSN)] is not well-established for any cell type despite anticipated human exposure. Here, we synthesized discrete populations of USSN with volume median diameters between 1.8 to 16 nm and investigated their impact on the mixed cell population of human primary peripheral mononuclear cells. USSN 1.8-7.6 nm in diameter, optimally 3.6-5.1 nm in diameter, induced dose-dependent CD4 and CD8 T-cell activation in terms of cell surface CD25 and CD69 up-regulation at concentrations above 150 μM Sitotal (∼500 nM particles). Induced activation with only ∼2.4 μM particles was (a) equivalent to that observed with typical positive control levels of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and (b) evident in antigen presenting cell-deplete cultures as well as in a pure T-cell line (Jurkat) culture. In the primary mixed-cell population, USSN induced IFN-γ secretion but failed to induce T-cell proliferation or the secretion of IL-2, IL-10, or IL-4. Collectively, these data indicate that USSN initiate activation, with Th1 polarization, of T cells via direct particle-cell interaction. Finally, similarly sized iron hydroxide particles did not induce the expression of T-cell activation markers, indicating some selectivity of the ultrasmall particle type. Given that humans may be exposed to ultrasmall particles and that these materials have emerging bioclinical applications, their off-target immunomodulatory effects via direct T-cell activation should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Vis
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario P7B 5E1 , Canada
| | - Rachel E Hewitt
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Faria
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Bastos
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Helen Chappell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
- School of Food Science and Nutrition , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | - Laetitia Pele
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Kinrade
- Department of Chemistry , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario P7B 5E1 , Canada
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge CB3 0ES , United Kingdom
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Mineral Science and Technology , MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Fulbourn Road , Cambridge CB1 9NL , United Kingdom
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Cognitive Effects of Air Pollution Exposures and Potential Mechanistic Underpinnings. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:180-191. [PMID: 28435996 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review sought to address the potential for air pollutants to impair cognition and mechanisms by which that might occur. RECENT FINDINGS Air pollution has been associated with deficits in cognitive functions across a wide range of epidemiological studies, both with developmental and adult exposures. Studies in animal models are significantly more limited in number, with somewhat inconsistent findings to date for measures of learning, but show more consistent impairments for short-term memory. Potential contributory mechanisms include oxidative stress/inflammation, altered levels of dopamine and/or glutamate, and changes in synaptic plasticity/structure. Epidemiological studies are consistent with adverse effects of air pollutants on cognition, but additional studies and better phenotypic characterization are needed for animal models, including more precise delineation of specific components of cognition that are affected, as well as definitions of critical exposure periods for such effects and the components of air pollution responsible. This would permit development of more circumscribed hypotheses as to potential behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms.
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Wang X, Jiang S, Liu Y, Du X, Zhang W, Zhang J, Shen H. Comprehensive pulmonary metabolome responses to intratracheal instillation of airborne fine particulate matter in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:41-50. [PMID: 28297636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been closely related with a variety of lung diseases. Although some modes of action (e.g. oxidative stress, inflammations) have been proposed, but the pulmonary toxicological mechanism remains obscure. In this paper, in order to understand the comprehensive pulmonary response to PM2.5 stress, a non-targeted high-throughput metabolomics strategy was adopted to characterize the overall metabolic changes and relevant toxicological pathways. PM2.5 samples were collected from Tangshan, one of the most polluted cities in China. Adult male rats were treated with PM2.5 suspension once a week at the dose of 1mg/kg/week through intratracheal instillation in three months. Aqueous and organic metabolite extracts of the lung tissues were subjected to metabolomics analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometry. Along with a significant increase of oxidative stress, significant metabolome alterations were observed in the lung tissues of the treated rats. Nineteen metabolites were found decreased and 31 metabolites increased, which are mainly involved in lipid and nucleotide metabolism. Integrated pathway analysis suggests that PM2.5 can induce pulmonary toxicity through disturbing pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, which may further correlate with metabolism changes of phospholipid, glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and purine. These findings improve our understanding of the toxicological pathways of PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Malorni L, Guida V, Sirignano M, Genovese G, Petrarca C, Pedata P. Exposure to sub-10 nm particles emitted from a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine: In vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Exploring Soot Particle Concentration and Emissivity by Transient Thermocouples Measurements in Laminar Partially Premixed Coflow Flames. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Karjalainen P, Ntziachristos L, Murtonen T, Wihersaari H, Simonen P, Mylläri F, Nylund NO, Keskinen J, Rönkkö T. Heavy Duty Diesel Exhaust Particles during Engine Motoring Formed by Lube Oil Consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12504-12511. [PMID: 27734664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports high numbers of exhaust emissions particles during engine motoring. Such particles were observed in the exhaust of two heavy duty vehicles with no diesel particle filter (DPF), driven on speed ramp tests and transient cycles. A significant fraction of these particles was nonvolatile in nature. The number-weighted size distribution peak was below 10 nm when a thermodenuder was used to remove semivolatile material, growing up to 40 nm after semivolatile species condensation. These particles were found to contribute to 9-13% of total particle number emitted over a complete driving cycle. Engine motoring particles originated from lube oil and evidence suggests that these are of heavy organic or organometallic material. Particles of similar characteristics have been observed in the core particle mode during normal fired engine operation. Their size and chemical character has implications primarily on the environmental toxicity of non-DPF diesel and, secondarily, on the performance of catalytic devices and DPFs. Lube oil formulation measures can be taken to reduce the emission of such particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu Karjalainen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Leonidas Ntziachristos
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Murtonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hugo Wihersaari
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauli Simonen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Fanni Mylläri
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nils-Olof Nylund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jorma Keskinen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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Developmental neurotoxicity of inhaled ambient ultrafine particle air pollution: Parallels with neuropathological and behavioral features of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotoxicology 2015; 59:140-154. [PMID: 26721665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from both human and animal studies show that brain is a target of air pollution. Multiple epidemiological studies have now linked components of air pollution to diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a linkage with plausibility based on the shared mechanisms of inflammation. Additional plausibility appears to be provided by findings from our studies in mice of exposures from postnatal day (PND) 4-7 and 10-13 (human 3rd trimester equivalent), to concentrated ambient ultrafine (UFP) particles, considered the most reactive component of air pollution, at levels consistent with high traffic areas of major U.S. cities and thus highly relevant to human exposures. These exposures, occurring during a period of marked neuro- and gliogenesis, unexpectedly produced a pattern of developmental neurotoxicity notably similar to multiple hypothesized mechanistic underpinnings of ASD, including its greater impact in males. UFP exposures induced inflammation/microglial activation, reductions in size of the corpus callosum (CC) and associated hypomyelination, aberrant white matter development and/or structural integrity with ventriculomegaly (VM), elevated glutamate and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, increased amygdala astrocytic activation, and repetitive and impulsive behaviors. Collectively, these findings suggest the human 3rd trimester equivalent as a period of potential vulnerability to neurodevelopmental toxicity to UFP, particularly in males, and point to the possibility that UFP air pollution exposure during periods of rapid neuro- and gliogenesis may be a risk factor not only for ASD, but also for other neurodevelopmental disorders that share features with ASD, such as schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, and periventricular leukomalacia.
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