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Nishida A, Sawada Y, Arai R, Ishibashi N, Suzuo M, Ohno A, Ashikaga T, Iijima K. Evaluation of the immunotoxicity potential of nanomaterials using THP-1 cells. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1293147. [PMID: 39011060 PMCID: PMC11247007 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1293147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
With the expansion of nanomaterials (NMs) usage, concerns about their toxicity are increasing, and the wide variety of NMs makes it difficult to assess their toxicity. Therefore, the development of a high-throughput, accurate, and certified method to evaluate the immunotoxicity of NMs is required. In this study, we assessed the immunotoxicity potential of various NMs, such as nanoparticles of silver, silica, and titanium dioxide, using the human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) at the cellular level. After exposure to silver nanoparticle dispersions, the expression levels of CD86 and CD54 increased, suggesting the activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by silver nanoparticles. Quantification of silver ions eluted from silver nanoparticles and the activation of APCs by silver ions suggested that it was due to the release of silver ions. Silica nanoparticles also increased the expression of CD86 and/or CD54, and their activation ability correlated with the synthesis methods and hydrodynamic diameters. The ability of titanium dioxide to activate APCs differed depending on the crystal type and hydrodynamic diameter. These results suggest a potential method to evaluate the immunotoxicity potential of various NMs based on their ability to activate APCs using human monocytic THP-1 cells. This method will be valuable in assessing the immunotoxicity potential and elucidating the immunotoxic mechanisms of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuka Sawada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rion Arai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishibashi
- College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuo
- College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohno
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takao Ashikaga
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Iijima
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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2
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Ji Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Lv C, Zhou Q, Jiang G, Yan B, Chen L. Beyond the promise: Exploring the complex interactions of nanoparticles within biological systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133800. [PMID: 38368688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of nanoparticle applications is filled with promise, but their impact on the environment and human health raises growing concerns. These tiny environmental particles can enter the human body through various routes, such as the respiratory system, digestive tract, skin absorption, intravenous injection, and implantation. Once inside, they can travel to distant organs via the bloodstream and lymphatic system. This journey often results in nanoparticles adhering to cell surfaces and being internalized. Upon entering cells, nanoparticles can provoke significant structural and functional changes. They can potentially disrupt critical cellular processes, including damaging cell membranes and cytoskeletons, impairing mitochondrial function, altering nuclear structures, and inhibiting ion channels. These disruptions can lead to widespread alterations by interfering with complex cellular signaling pathways, potentially causing cellular, organ, and systemic impairments. This article delves into the factors influencing how nanoparticles behave in biological systems. These factors include the nanoparticles' size, shape, charge, and chemical composition, as well as the characteristics of the cells and their surrounding environment. It also provides an overview of the impact of nanoparticles on cells, organs, and physiological systems and discusses possible mechanisms behind these adverse effects. Understanding the toxic effects of nanoparticles on physiological systems is crucial for developing safer, more effective nanoparticle-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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Vermeire TG, Hoet P, Ion RM, Krätke R, Proykova A, Scott M, de Jong WH. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on health, environmental and emerging risks on the safety of titanium dioxide in toys. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 146:105527. [PMID: 38056706 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks advises the European Commission on whether the uses of titanium dioxide in toys and toy materials can be considered to be safe in light of the identified exposure, and the classification of titanium dioxide as carcinogenic category 2 after inhalation. Four toy products including casting kits, chalk, powder paints and white colour pencils containing various amounts of TiO2 as colouring agent were evaluated for inhalation risks. For the oral route, childrens' lip gloss/lipstick, finger paint and white colour pencils were evaluated. When it can be demonstrated with high certainty that no ultrafine fraction is present in pigmentary TiO2 preparations used in toys and toy materials, safe use with no or negligible risk for all products considered is indicated based on the exposure estimations of this Opinion. However, if an ultrafine fraction is assumed to be present, safe use is not indicated, except for white colour pencils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G Vermeire
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Hoet
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- National Institute of R&D for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Renate Krätke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Wim H de Jong
- National Institute for Public Health (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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4
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Thennakoon CA, Rajapakshe RBSD, Malikaramage AU, Gamini Rajapakse RM. Factors Affecting the Hydrophobic Property of Stearic Acid Self-Assembled on the TiO 2 Substrate. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48184-48191. [PMID: 36591204 PMCID: PMC9798506 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on inorganic metal oxides is highly applicable in making different kinds of surface phenomena such as superhydrophobicity, functional group-modified surfaces, corrosion resistance, and so on. The formation of stearic acid SAMs on the TiO2 substrate depends on a few factors, and the cleanability of the substrate surface can be considered as the critical criterion for the formation of the SAM layer. The solvent, concentration of the adsorbate, immersion time, and temperature can be identified as other factors that are crucial for growing a uniform and highly dense monolayer. SAM layers always build up spontaneously on a suitable substrate, but the growth rate and arrangement can be changed by varying the external factors. These factors highly affect the chemisorption of stearic acid molecules onto the TiO2 substrate and building a well-ordered pattern on the surface without defects. This study mainly focuses on identifying the critical conditions of the external factors in obtaining a high-performance superhydrophobic surface. The crystal structure and surface morphologies of the substrate materials are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and the surface wettability is characterized by contact angle measurements. High superhydrophobicity is observed at the optimum conditions of the factors. Ethanol is used as the solvent; the temperature is about 40 °C; and 600 ppm of stearic acid is the critical concentration in obtaining a superhydrophobic surface with 100 min of immersion time, while the contact angle is 151.38°. Simultaneously, if the concentration is 1000 ppm and the immersion time is 120 min, the surface shows high superhydrophobicity with a contact angle of 162.06°. These critical conditions are found to be adequate for building well-ordered stearic acid SAMs on the TiO2 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charith Anuruddha Thennakoon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate
Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - R. B. S. Dilan Rajapakshe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate
Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Asitha Udayanga Malikaramage
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate
Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajapakse Mudiyanselage Gamini Rajapakse
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate
Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
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5
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Zhang N, Xiong G, Liu Z. Toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles: Challenges in the nano era. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1001572. [PMID: 36619393 PMCID: PMC9822575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1001572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid progress of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been applicated in our daily life. In the field of nanotechnology, metal-based NPs are an important component of engineered NPs, including metal and metal oxide NPs, with a variety of biomedical applications. However, the unique physicochemical properties of metal-based NPs confer not only promising biological effects but also pose unexpected toxic threats to human body at the same time. For safer application of metal-based NPs in humans, we should have a comprehensive understanding of NP toxicity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about metal-based NPs, including the physicochemical properties affecting their toxicity, mechanisms of their toxicity, their toxicological assessment, the potential strategies to mitigate their toxicity and current status of regulatory movement on their toxicity. Hopefully, in the near future, through the convergence of related disciplines, the development of nanotoxicity research will be significantly promoted, thereby making the application of metal-based NPs in humans much safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiding Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiya Xiong
- Department of Science and Research, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Zhenjie Liu,
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Evans SJ, Lawrence RL, Ilett M, Burgum MJ, Meldrum K, Hondow N, Jenkins GJ, Clift MJD, Doak SH. Industrial-relevant TiO 2 types do not promote cytotoxicity in the A549 or TK6 cell lines regardless of cell specific interaction. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105415. [PMID: 35752104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the expansive application of TiO2 and its variance in physico-chemical characteristics, the toxicological profile of TiO2, in all its various forms, requires evaluation. This study aimed to assess the hazard of five TiO2 particle-types in relation to their cytotoxic profile correlated to their cellular interaction, specifically in human lymphoblast (TK6) and type-II alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. Treatment with the test materials was undertaken at a concentration range of 1-100 μg/cm2 over 24 and 72 h exposure. TiO2 interaction with both cell types was visualised by transmission electron microscopy, supported by energy-dispersive X-ray. None of the TiO2 materials tested promoted cytotoxicity in either cell type over the concentration and time range studied. All materials were observed to interact with the A549 cells and were further noted to be internalised following 24 h exposure. In contrast, only the pigmentary rutile was internalised by TK6 lymphoblasts after 24 h exposure. Where uptake was observed there was no evidence, as determined by 2D microscopy techniques, of particle localisation within the nucleus of either cell type. This study indicates that industrially relevant TiO2 particles demonstrate cell interactions that are cell-type dependent and do not induce cytotoxicity at the applied dose range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Rachel L Lawrence
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Martha Ilett
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth J Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea Univeristy Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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7
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De Jong WH, Geertsma RE, Borchard G. Regulatory safety evaluation of nanomedical products: key issues to refine. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2042-2047. [PMID: 35908133 PMCID: PMC9358921 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies enable great opportunities for the development and use of innovative (nano)medicines. As is common for scientific and technical developments, recognized safety evaluation methods for regulatory purposes are lagging behind. The specific properties responsible for the desired functioning also hamper the safety evaluation of such products. Pharmacokinetics determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredient as well as the nanomaterial component is crucial. Due to their particulate nature, nanomedicines, similar to all nanomaterials, are primarily removed from the circulation by phagocytizing cells that are part of the immune system. Therefore, the immune system can be potentially a specific target for adverse effects of nanomedicines, and thus needs special attention during the safety evaluation. This DDTR special issue on the results of the REFINE project on a regulatory science framework for nanomedical products presents a highly valuable body of knowledge needed to address regulatory challenges and gaps in currently available testing methods for the safety evaluation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H De Jong
- Formerly (retired) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert E Geertsma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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8
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Yang YS, Cao MD, Wang A, Liu QM, Zhu DX, Zou Y, Ma LL, Luo M, Shao Y, Xu DD, Wei JF, Sun JL. Nano-silica particles synergistically IgE-mediated mast cell activation exacerbating allergic inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911300. [PMID: 35936002 PMCID: PMC9355306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic respiratory diseases have increased dramatically due to air pollution over the past few decades. However, studies are limited on the effects of inorganic components and particulate matter with different particle sizes in smog on allergic diseases, and the possible molecular mechanism of inducing allergies has not been thoroughly studied. Methods Four common mineral elements with different particle sizes in smog particles were selected, including Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and SiO2. We studied the relationship and molecular mechanism of smog particle composition, particle size, and allergic reactions using mast cells, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model, and an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mouse model in vitro and in vivo, combined with transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analysis, and transcriptome sequencing. Results Only 20 nm SiO2 particles significantly increased β-hexosaminidase release, based on dinitrophenol (DNP)-human serum albumin (HSA) stimulation, from IgE-sensitized mast cells, while other particles did not. Meanwhile, the PCA model showed that Evan’s blue extravasation in mice was increased after treatment with nano-SiO2 particles. Nano-SiO2 particles exposure in the asthmatic mouse model caused an enhancement of allergic airway inflammation as manifested by OVA-specific serum IgE, airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation injury, mucous cell metaplasia, cytokine expression, mast cell activation, and histamine secretion, which were significantly increased. Nano-SiO2 particles exposure did not affect the expression of FcϵRI or the ability of mast cells to bind IgE but synergistically activated mast cells by enhancing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, especially the phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. The ERK inhibitors showed a significant inhibitory effect in reducing β-hexosaminidase release. Conclusion Our results indicated that nano-SiO2 particles stimulation might synergistically activate IgE-sensitized mast cells by enhancing the MAPK signaling pathway and that nano-SiO2 particles exposure could exacerbate allergic inflammation. Our experimental results provide useful information for preventing and treating allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Shi Yang
- Department of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Da Cao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- Department of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Xuan Zhu
- Women and Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Luo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dian-Dou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Lyu Sun, ; Ji-Fu Wei, ; Dian-Dou Xu,
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Lyu Sun, ; Ji-Fu Wei, ; Dian-Dou Xu,
| | - Jin-Lyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Lyu Sun, ; Ji-Fu Wei, ; Dian-Dou Xu,
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An inter-laboratory comparison of an NLRP3 inflammasome activation assay and dendritic cell maturation assay using a nanostructured lipid carrier and a polymeric nanomedicine, as exemplars. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2225-2242. [PMID: 35838879 PMCID: PMC9360168 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles including nanomedicines are known to be recognised by and interact with the immune system. As these interactions may result in adverse effects, for safety evaluation, the presence of such interactions needs to be investigated. Nanomedicines in particular should not unintendedly interact with the immune system, since patient’s exposure is not minimised as in the case of ‘environmental’ nanoparticles, and repeated exposure may be required. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dendritic cell (DC) maturation are two types of immune mechanisms known to be affected by nanoparticles including nanomedicines. NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as a specific type of cell death, pyroptosis. Moreover, chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been related to several chronic diseases. Upon maturation, DC activate primary T cells; interference with this process may result in inappropriate activation and skewing of the adaptive immune response. Here, we evaluated the effect of two nanomedicines, representing nanostructured lipid carriers and polymers, on these two assays. Moreover, with a view to possible future standardisation and regulatory application, these assays were subject to an inter-laboratory comparison study using common SOPs. One laboratory performed three independent NLRP3 inflammasome activation experiments, while the other performed a single experiment. Two laboratories each performed three independent DC maturation experiments. While the nanostructured lipid carrier only showed marginal effects, the polymers showed major cytotoxicity. No evidence for inflammasome activation or DC maturation was demonstrated. Intra- and inter-laboratory comparison showed clearly reproducible results.
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Brassolatti P, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, Franco de Godoy K, de Castro CA, Flores Luna GL, Dias de Lima Fragelli B, Pedrino M, Assis M, Nani Leite M, Cancino-Bernardi J, Speglich C, Frade MA, de Freitas Anibal F. Functionalized Titanium Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Cell Death in Human Skin Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1495-1509. [PMID: 35388270 PMCID: PMC8978907 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Brassolatti
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: Patricia Brassolatti, Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia UFSCar, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235 Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos, CEP. 13565-905, SP, Brazil, Tel +551633518325, Fax +551633518326, Email
| | - Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Krissia Franco de Godoy
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Genoveva Lourdes Flores Luna
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pedrino
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Assis
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nani Leite
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen’s Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cancino-Bernardi
- Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Speglich
- Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello CENPES/Petrobras Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Andrey Frade
- Division of Dermatology - Wound Healing & Hansen’s Disease Lab, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Naegeli H, Gsell C. "Nano-ghosts": Risk assessment of submicron-sized particles in food biased towards fictional "nano". EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:279-299. [PMID: 35391919 PMCID: PMC8983856 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Much confusion has been generated in the safety assessment of food-grade TiO2 (E171) by the comingling of studies conducted on submicron-sized particles with those examining the toxicity of more minuscule counterparts. As E171 displays a nano-sized tail in its particle distribution (up to 36 % of particles with a diameter < 100 nm), it was thought that potential hazards of this food additive can be extrapolated from studies on thoroughly nanoscale formulations. This simplistic procedure may, however, overestimate the effects of the nano-sized tail of E171 because TiO2 particles readily aggregate or agglomerate in aqueous suspensions and biological matrices. The resulting larger clusters display a reduced oral bioavailability in comparison to the same material in nano-sized dimensions. Also, even if taken up in trace amounts, the smaller particles likely remain appended to larger particles or clusters and these aggregates or conglomerates may nullify to a great extent their "nano" characteristics. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to reevaluate the literature on the toxicity of TiO2 particles focusing on studies that are directly relevant for the assessment of E171. The purpose is not to avert a ban on the use of E171 in food, which might well be justified in light of the uncertainties associated with this additive employed solely for its colorant properties. Instead, it will be important to avoid in the future this same bias towards a fictional "nano" hazard, especially when evaluating more innovative engineered particles that confer true benefits for example by enhancing nutritional properties, quality, freshness, traceability or sustainability of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Hanspeter Naegeli, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Phone: +41 44 635 87 63, E-mail:
| | - Corina Gsell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Feray A, Guillet E, Szely N, Hullo M, Legrand FX, Brun E, Rabilloud T, Pallardy M, Biola-Vidamment A. Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles promote human dendritic cell maturation and CD4 + T-lymphocyte activation. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:105-116. [PMID: 34633463 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) sense and engulf nanomaterials potentially leading to an adverse immune response. Indeed, as described for combustion-derived particles, nanomaterials could be sensed as danger signals, enabling DCs to undergo a maturation process, migrate to regional lymph nodes and activate naive T-lymphocytes. Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles (SAS-NPs) are widely used as food additives, cosmetics, and construction materials. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of manufactured SAS-NPs, produced by thermal or wet routes, on human DCs functions and T-cell activation. Human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were exposed for 16 hours to three endotoxin-free test materials: fumed silica NPs from Sigma-Aldrich (#S5505) or the JRC Nanomaterial Repository (NM-202) and colloidal Ludox®TMA NPs. Cell viability, phenotypical changes, cytokines production, internalization, and allogeneic CD4+ T-cells proliferation were evaluated. Our results showed that all SAS-NPs significantly upregulated the surface expression of CD86 and CD83 activation markers. Secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL-8 and CXCL-12) were significantly enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in the moDCs culture supernatants by all SAS-NPs tested. In an allogeneic co-culture, fumed silica-activated moDCs significantly increased T-lymphocyte proliferation at all T-cell:DC ratios compared to unloaded moDCs. Moreover, analysis of co-culture supernatants regarding the production of T-cell-derived cytokines showed a significant increase of IL-9 and IL-17A and F, as well as an upregulation of IL-5, consistent with the pro-inflammatory phenotype of treated-moDCs. Taken together, these results suggest that SAS-NPs could induce functional moDCs maturation and play a role in the immunization process against environmental antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Feray
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eléonore Guillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Natacha Szely
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marie Hullo
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - François-Xavier Legrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Emilie Brun
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- UMR CNRS 5249, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38 054 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Armelle Biola-Vidamment
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Assessment of the Influence of Crystalline Form on Cyto-Genotoxic and Inflammatory Effects Induced by TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Human Bronchial and Alveolar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010253. [PMID: 33478013 PMCID: PMC7835860 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are increasingly used in consumer products, industrial and medical applications, raising concerns on their potential toxicity. The available in vitro and in vivo studies on these NPs show controversial results. Crystalline structure is the physicochemical characteristic that seems to influence mainly TiO2NPs toxicity, so its effect needs to be further studied. We aimed to study whether and how crystalline form influences potential cyto-genotoxic and inflammatory effects induced by two commercial TiO2NPs (TiO2-A, mainly anatase; TiO2-B, mainly rutile) in human alveolar A549 and bronchial BEAS-2B cells exposed to 1–40 µg/mL. Cell viability (WST-1), membrane damage (LDH release), IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α release (ELISA) and direct/oxidative DNA damage (fpg-comet assay) were evaluated. Physicochemical characterization included analysis of crystalline form (TEM and XRD), specific surface area (BET), agglomeration (DLS) and Z-potential (ELS). Our results show that TiO2-A NPs induce in BEAS-2B cytotoxicity and a slight inflammation and in A549 slight oxidative effects, whereas TiO2-B NPs induce genotoxic/oxidative effects in both cell lines, revealing different toxicity mechanisms for the two tested NPs. In conclusion, our study confirms the influence of crystalline form on cellular response, also demonstrating the suitability of our in vitro model to screen early TiO2NPs effects.
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Andreani T, Nogueira V, Gavina A, Fernandes S, Rodrigues JL, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Silva AM, Pereira CM, Pereira R. Ecotoxicity to Freshwater Organisms and Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Are We Generating Sufficient Data for Their Risk Assessment? NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010066. [PMID: 33396620 PMCID: PMC7824120 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the eco-cytotoxicity of several forms of nanomaterials (NM), such as nano-CuO, nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO, on different aquatic species (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor) following standard protocols and on human cell lines (Caco-2, SV-80, HepG2 and HaCaT). Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) or hazard concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) were also estimated based on the compilation of data available in the literature. Most of the NM agglomerated strongly in the selected culture media. For the ecotoxicity assays, nano-CuO and nano-ZnO even in particle agglomeration state were the most toxic NM to the freshwater organisms compared to nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2. Nano-ZnO was the most toxic NM to R. subcapitata and D. magna, while nano-CuO was found to be very toxic to L. minor. Nano-CuO was very toxic to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, particularly at the highest tested concentrations, while the other NM showed no toxicity to the different cell lines. The HC5 and PNEC values are still highly protective, due to data limitations. However, the present study provides consistent evidence of the potential risks of both nano-CuO and nano-ZnO against aquatic organisms and also their effects on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Ana Gavina
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Saul Fernandes
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - José Luís Rodrigues
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Vera V. Pinto
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
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Abdulnasser Harfoush S, Hannig M, Le DD, Heck S, Leitner M, Omlor AJ, Tavernaro I, Kraegeloh A, Kautenburger R, Kickelbick G, Beilhack A, Bischoff M, Nguyen J, Sester M, Bals R, Dinh QT. High-dose intranasal application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles induces the systemic uptakes and allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Respir Res 2020; 21:168. [PMID: 32616045 PMCID: PMC7331175 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a wide range of applications in several industrial and biomedical domains. Based on the evidence, the workers exposed to inhaled nanosized TiO2 powder are more susceptible to the risks of developing respiratory diseases. Accordingly, this issue has increasingly attracted the researchers' interest in understanding the consequences of TiO2 NPs exposure. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to analyze the local effects of TiO2 NPs on allergic airway inflammation and their uptake in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS For the purpose of the study, female BALB/c mice with or without asthma were intranasally administered with TiO2 NPs. The mice were subjected to histological assessment, lung function testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and NP uptake measurement. In addition, T helper (Th) 1/Th2 cytokines were evaluated in the lung homogenate using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS According to the results, the mice receiving OVA alone or OVA plus TiO2 NPs showed eosinophilic infiltrates and mucus overproduction in the lung tissues, compared to the controls. Furthermore, a significant elevation was observed in the circulating Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 after NP exposure. The TiO2 NPs were taken up by alveolar macrophages at different time points. As the results of the SEM and ICP-MS indicated, TiO2 NPs were present in most of the organs in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the current study, intranasally or inhalation exposure to high-dose nanosized TiO2 particles appears to exacerbate the allergic airway inflammation and lead to systemic uptake in extrapulmonary organs. These results indicate the very important need to investigate the upper limit of intranasally or inhalation exposure to nanosized TiO2 particles in occupational and environmental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Abdulnasser Harfoush
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Duc Dung Le
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heck
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Leitner
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Albert Joachim Omlor
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Kautenburger
- Institute of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Campus Dudweiler, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Institute of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Campus Dudweiler, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Martina Sester
- Transplant and Infection Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Quoc Thai Dinh
- Department of Experimental Pneumology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Allergology, and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Lamas B, Martins Breyner N, Houdeau E. Impacts of foodborne inorganic nanoparticles on the gut microbiota-immune axis: potential consequences for host health. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32487227 PMCID: PMC7268708 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In food toxicology, there is growing interest in studying the impacts of foodborne nanoparticles (NPs, originating from food additives, food supplements or food packaging) on the intestinal microbiome due to the important and complex physiological roles of these microbial communities in host health. Biocidal activities, as described over recent years for most inorganic and metal NPs, could favour chronic changes in the composition and/or metabolic activities of commensal bacteria (namely, intestinal dysbiosis) with consequences on immune functions. Reciprocally, direct interactions of NPs with the immune system (e.g., inflammatory responses, adjuvant or immunosuppressive properties) may in turn have effects on the gut microbiota. Many chronic diseases in humans are associated with alterations along the microbiota-immune system axis, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity) or colorectal cancer (CRC). This raises the question of whether chronic dietary exposure to inorganic NPs may be viewed as a risk factor facilitating disease onset and/or progression. Deciphering the variety of effects along the microbiota-immune axis may aid the understanding of how daily exposure to inorganic NPs through various foodstuffs may potentially disturb the intricate dialogue between gut commensals and immunity, hence increasing the vulnerability of the host. In animal studies, dose levels and durations of oral treatment are key factors for mimicking exposure conditions to which humans are or may be exposed through the diet on a daily basis, and are needed for hazard identification and risk assessment of foodborne NPs. This review summarizes relevant studies to support the development of predictive toxicological models that account for the gut microbiota-immune axis. CONCLUSIONS The literature indicates that, in addition to evoking immune dysfunctions in the gut, inorganic NPs exhibit a moderate to extensive impact on intestinal microbiota composition and activity, highlighting a recurrent signature that favours colonization of the intestine by pathobionts at the expense of beneficial bacterial strains, as observed in IBD, CRC and obesity. Considering the long-term exposure via food, the effects of NPs on the gut microbiome should be considered in human health risk assessment, especially when a nanomaterial exhibits antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lamas
- INRAE Toxalim UMR 1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of the Intestinal Barrier, INRAE, Toulouse University, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027, Toulouse cedex 3, France.
| | - Natalia Martins Breyner
- INRAE Toxalim UMR 1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of the Intestinal Barrier, INRAE, Toulouse University, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027, Toulouse cedex 3, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- INRAE Toxalim UMR 1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Team Endocrinology and Toxicology of the Intestinal Barrier, INRAE, Toulouse University, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027, Toulouse cedex 3, France.
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Liu D, Wagner JG, Harkema JR, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Pinelli E, Folkerts G, Vandebriel RJ, Cassee FR. Livestock farm particulate matter enhances airway inflammation in mice with or without allergic airway disease. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100114. [PMID: 32256941 PMCID: PMC7132261 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of airborne biological particulate matter (BioPM; from livestock farms) on the pulmonary airways are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether fine (<2.5 μm) BioPM derived from indoor animal stables (two chicken and two pig farms) could modify airway allergic responses by using a mouse model of allergic airway disease (allergic asthma). After intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization mice were either intranasally challenged with OVA (allergic mice) or saline (non-allergic controls). Mice were also intranasally treated with farm-derived BioPM. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood and lung tissues were collected one day after intranasal exposure. BioPM from all the farms caused an acute neutrophilic inflammatory response in non-allergic mice. In allergic mice, BioPM derived from pig farm 2 induced a larger cellular inflammatory response than other farm-derived BioPM. All farm BioPM elicited Th17 cytokine (Interleukin (IL)-23) production except chicken farm 2, whereas Th2 cytokine (IL-5) increase was only induced by BioPM collected from chicken farm 2. These results indicate the exposure of BioPM from chicken and pig farms may cause the enhancement of airway allergic response in mice following exposure to OVA. More variation in the responses between farms was observed in allergic than non-allergic mice. Understanding the source and doses of BioPM that may affect the airway allergic response could help susceptible individuals to avoid worsening their respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Liu
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC, the Netherlands
| | - James G Wagner
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Elena Pinelli
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC, the Netherlands
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Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Prospects and Applications in Medicine. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020387. [PMID: 32102185 PMCID: PMC7075317 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), including titanium dioxide NPs, among polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming more and more important due to their potential use in novel medical therapies. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide, titania, TiO2) is an inorganic compound that owes its recent rise in scientific interest to photoactivity. After the illumination in aqueous media with UV light, TiO2 produces an array of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability to produce ROS and thus induce cell death has found application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a wide range of maladies, from psoriasis to cancer. Titanium dioxide NPs were studied as photosensitizing agents in the treatment of malignant tumors as well as in photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Both TiO2 NPs themselves, as well as their composites and combinations with other molecules or biomolecules, can be successfully used as photosensitizers in PDT. Moreover, various organic compounds can be grafted on TiO2 nanoparticles, leading to hybrid materials. These nanostructures can reveal increased light absorption, allowing their further use in targeted therapy in medicine. In order to improve efficient anticancer and antimicrobial therapies, many approaches utilizing titanium dioxide were tested. Results of selected studies presenting the scope of potential uses are discussed in this review.
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Mitarotonda R, Giorgi E, Desimone MF, De Marzi MC. Nanoparticles and Immune Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3960-3982. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190926161209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have gained ground in several fields. However, it is important to consider their potentially
hazardous effects on humans, flora, and fauna. Human exposure to nanomaterials can occur unintentionally
in daily life or in industrial settings, and the continuous exposure of the biological components (cells, receptors,
proteins, etc.) of the immune system to these particles can trigger an unwanted immune response (activation or
suppression). Here, we present different studies that have been carried out to evaluate the response of immune
cells in the presence of nanoparticles and their possible applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mitarotonda
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Exequiel Giorgi
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín F. Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Quimica y Metabolismo del Farmaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C. De Marzi
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Roach KA, Stefaniak AB, Roberts JR. Metal nanomaterials: Immune effects and implications of physicochemical properties on sensitization, elicitation, and exacerbation of allergic disease. J Immunotoxicol 2019; 16:87-124. [PMID: 31195861 PMCID: PMC6649684 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1605553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent surge in incorporation of metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials into consumer products and their corresponding use in occupational settings have raised concerns over the potential for metals to induce size-specific adverse toxicological effects. Although nano-metals have been shown to induce greater lung injury and inflammation than their larger metal counterparts, their size-related effects on the immune system and allergic disease remain largely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning since metals are historically recognized as common inducers of allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, and allergic adjuvancy. The investigation into the potential for adverse immune effects following exposure to metal nanomaterials is becoming an area of scientific interest since these characteristically lightweight materials are easily aerosolized and inhaled, and their small size may allow for penetration of the skin, which may promote unique size-specific immune effects with implications for allergic disease. Additionally, alterations in physicochemical properties of metals in the nano-scale greatly influence their interactions with components of biological systems, potentially leading to implications for inducing or exacerbating allergic disease. Although some research has been directed toward addressing these concerns, many aspects of metal nanomaterial-induced immune effects remain unclear. Overall, more scientific knowledge exists in regards to the potential for metal nanomaterials to exacerbate allergic disease than to their potential to induce allergic disease. Furthermore, effects of metal nanomaterial exposure on respiratory allergy have been more thoroughly-characterized than their potential influence on dermal allergy. Current knowledge regarding metal nanomaterials and their potential to induce/exacerbate dermal and respiratory allergy are summarized in this review. In addition, an examination of several remaining knowledge gaps and considerations for future studies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Roach
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB) , National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
- b School of Pharmacy , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- c Respiratory Health Division (RHD) , National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jenny R Roberts
- a Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB) , National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) , Morgantown , WV , USA
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21
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Shanmugapriya K, Kang HW. Engineering pharmaceutical nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy on wound healing: Review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Roach KA, Anderson SE, Stefaniak AB, Shane HL, Kodali V, Kashon M, Roberts JR. Surface area- and mass-based comparison of fine and ultrafine nickel oxide lung toxicity and augmentation of allergic response in an ovalbumin asthma model. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:299-324. [PMID: 31707870 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1680775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: The correlation of physico-chemical properties with mechanisms of toxicity has been proposed as an approach to predict the toxic potential of the vast number of emerging nanomaterials. Although relationships have been established between properties and the acute pulmonary inflammation induced by nanomaterials, properties' effects on other responses, such as exacerbation of respiratory allergy, have been less frequently explored.Methods: In this study, the role of nickel oxide (NiO) physico-chemical properties in the modulation of ovalbumin (OVA) allergy was examined in a murine model. Results: 181 nm fine (NiO-F) and 42 nm ultrafine (NiO-UF) particles were characterized and incorporated into a time course study where measured markers of pulmonary injury and inflammation were associated with NiO particle surface area. In the OVA model, exposure to NiO, irrespective of any metric was associated with elevated circulating total IgE levels. Serum and lung cytokine levels were similar with respect to NiO surface area. The lower surface area was associated with an enhanced Th2 profile, whereas the higher surface area was associated with a Th1-dominant profile. Surface area-normalized groups also exhibited similar alterations in OVA-specific IgE levels and lung neutrophil number. However, lung eosinophil number and allergen challenge-induced alterations in lung function related more to particle size, wherein NiO-F was associated with an increased enhanced pause response and NiO-UF was associated with increased lung eosinophil burden.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that although NiO surface area correlates best with acute pulmonary injury and inflammation following respiratory exposure, other physico-chemical properties may contribute to the modulation of immune responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Roach
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stacey E Anderson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Hillary L Shane
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch (PPRB), NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Jenny R Roberts
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch (ACIB), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV, USA
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23
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Dekkers S, Wagner JG, Vandebriel RJ, Eldridge EA, Tang SVY, Miller MR, Römer I, de Jong WH, Harkema JR, Cassee FR. Role of chemical composition and redox modification of poorly soluble nanomaterials on their ability to enhance allergic airway sensitisation in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:39. [PMID: 31660999 PMCID: PMC6819391 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to enhance allergic airways disease in mice. However, the influence of the different physicochemical properties of these particles on their adjuvant properties is largely unknown. Here we investigate the effects of chemical composition and redox activity of poorly soluble NPs on their adjuvant potency in a mouse model of airway hypersensitivity. RESULTS NPs of roughly similar sizes with different chemical composition and redox activity, including CeO2, Zr-doped CeO2, Co3O4, Fe-doped Co3O4(using Fe2O3 or Fe3O4) and TiO2 NPs, all showed adjuvant activity. OVA induced immune responses following intranasal exposure of BALB/c mice to 0.02% OVA in combination with 200 μg NPs during sensitization (on day 1, 3, 6 and 8) and 0.5% OVA only during challenge (day 22, 23 and 24) were more pronounced compared to the same OVA treatment regime without NPs. Changes in OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 plasma levels, differential cell count and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histopathological detection of mucosa cell metaplasia and eosinophil density in the conducting airways were observed. Adjuvant activity of the CeO2 NPs was primarily mediated via the Th2 response, while that of the Co3O4 NPs was characterised by no or less marked increases in IgE plasma levels, BALF IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations and percentages of eosinophils in BALF and more pronounced increases in BALF IL-6 concentrations and percentages of lymphocytes in BALF. Co-exposure to Co3O4 NPs with OVA and subsequent OVA challenge also induced perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid cell accumulation and formation of ectopic lymphoid tissue in lungs. Responses to OVA combined with various NPs were not affected by the amount of doping or redox activity of the NPs. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that chemical composition of NPs influences both the relative potency of NPs to exacerbate allergic airway sensitization and the type of immune response. However, no relation between the acellular redox activity and the observed adjuvant activity of the different NPs was found. Further research is needed to pinpoint the precise physiological properties of NPs and biological mechanisms determining adjuvant activity in order to facilitate a safe-by-design approach to NP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - James G Wagner
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elyse A Eldridge
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabella Römer
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wim H de Jong
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jack R Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O.Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Holan V, Javorkova E, Vrbova K, Vecera Z, Mikuska P, Coufalik P, Kulich P, Skoupy R, Machala M, Zajicova A, Rossner P. A murine model of the effects of inhaled CuO nanoparticles on cells of innate and adaptive immunity - a kinetic study of a continuous three-month exposure. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:952-963. [PMID: 31012774 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1602679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation or application of nanoparticles (NPs) has serious impacts on immunological reactivity. However, the effects of NPs on the immune system are influenced by numerous factors, which cause a high variability in the results. Here, mice were exposed to a three month continuous inhalation of copper oxide (CuO) NPs, and at different time intervals (3, 14, 42 and 93 days), the composition of cell populations of innate and adaptive immunity was evaluated in the spleen by flow cytometry. The ability of spleen cells from exposed and control mice to respond to stimulation with T- or B-cell mitogens by proliferation and by production of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ was characterized. The results showed that the inhalation of CuO NPs predominantly affects the cells of innate immunity (changes in the proportion of eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages and antigen-presenting cells) with a minimal effect on the percentage of T and B lymphocytes. However, the proliferative and secretory activity of T cells was already significantly enhanced after 3 days from the start of inhalation, decreased on day 14 and normalized at the later time intervals. There was no correlation between the impacts of NPs on the cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The results have shown that the inhalation of CuO NPs significantly alters the composition of cell populations of innate immunity and modulates the proliferation and production of cytokines by cells of the adaptive immune system. However, the immunomodulatory effects of inhaled NPs strongly depend on the time of inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Holan
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Javorkova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Vecera
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufalik
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Analytic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Radim Skoupy
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zajicova
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
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25
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García-Rodríguez A, Vila L, Cortés C, Hernández A, Marcos R. Effects of differently shaped TiO 2NPs (nanospheres, nanorods and nanowires) on the in vitro model (Caco-2/HT29) of the intestinal barrier. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 30086772 PMCID: PMC6081908 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological effects of nanoparticles depend on several characteristics such as size and shape that must be taken into account in any type of assessment. The increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) for industrial applications, and specifically as a food additive, demands a deep assessment of their potential risk for humans, including their abilities to cross biological barriers. METHODS We have investigated the interaction of three differently shaped TiO2NPs (nanospheres, nanorods and nanowires) in an in vitro model of the intestinal barrier, where the coculture of Caco-2/HT29 cells confers inherent intestinal epithelium characteristics to the model (i.e. mucus secretion, brush border, tight junctions, etc.). RESULTS Adverse effects in the intestinal epithelium were detected by studying the barrier's integrity (TEER), permeability (LY) and changes in the gene expression of selected specific markers. Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy, we detected a different behaviour in the bio-adhesion and biodistribution of each of the TiO2NPs. Moreover, we were able to specifically localize each type of TiO2NPs inside the cells. Interestingly, general DNA damage, but not oxidative DNA damage effects, were detected by using the FPG version of the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate different interactions and cellular responses related to differently shaped TiO2NPs, nanowires showing the most harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Rodríguez
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Constanza Cortés
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Karimipour M, Zirak Javanmard M, Ahmadi A, Jafari A. Oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticle through ovarian tissue alterations impairs mice embryonic development. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018; 16:397-404. [PMID: 30123868 PMCID: PMC6079309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2NP) is commonly used in industrial products including food colorant, cosmetics, and drugs. Previous studies have shown that oral administration of TiO2NP can be toxic to the reproductive system, but little is known if TiO2NP could be able to affect the functions of the female reproductive system, in particular fertility. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of TiO2NP on histological changes in ovaries, pregnancy rate and in vitro fertility in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 54 adult female NMRI mice were randomly assigned to two groups: control group (received vehicle orally) and TiO2NP group (received 100 mg/kg/daily TiO2NP solution orally). After 5 wk, pregnancy and in vitro fertilization rates, histological changes in ovaries, malondyaldehyde and estrogen hormone levels in the blood serum were investigated and compared between groups. RESULTS Our results revealed that TiO2NP administration induced histological alterations in ovary including, degenerating and reduction of ovarian follicles, ovarian cyst formation and disturbance of follicular development. Compared to control, animals in TiO2NP group have shown significant reduction of pregnancy rates and number of giving birth (p=0.04). TiO2NP caused significant reduction in oocyte number, fertilization rate, and pre-implantation embryo development (p<0.001). Furthermore, malondyaldehyde and estrogen hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in mice received TiO2NP. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TiO2NP exposure induces alterations on mice ovary resulting in a decrease in the rate of embryo development and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Karimipour
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Zirak Javanmard
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Winkler HC, Notter T, Meyer U, Naegeli H. Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:51. [PMID: 29859103 PMCID: PMC5984422 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial engineering provides an important technological advance that offers substantial benefits for applications not only in the production and processing, but also in the packaging and storage of food. An expanding commercialization of nanomaterials as part of the modern diet will substantially increase their oral intake worldwide. While the risk of particle inhalation received much attention, gaps of knowledge exist regarding possible adverse health effects due to gastrointestinal exposure. This problem is highlighted by pigment-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2), which confers a white color and increased opacity with an optimal particle diameter of 200-300 nm. However, size distribution analyses showed that batches of food-grade TiO2 always comprise a nano-sized fraction as inevitable byproduct of the manufacturing processes. Submicron-sized TiO2 particles, in Europe listed as E 171, are widely used as a food additive although the relevant risk assessment has never been satisfactorily completed. For example, it is not possible to derive a safe daily intake of TiO2 from the available long-term feeding studies in rodents. Also, the use of TiO2 particles in the food sector leads to highest exposures in children, but only few studies address the vulnerability of this particular age group. Extrapolation of animal studies to humans is also problematic due to knowledge gaps as to local gastrointestinal effects of TiO2 particles, primarily on the mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid system. Tissue distributions after oral administration of TiO2 differ from other exposure routes, thus limiting the relevance of data obtained from inhalation or parenteral injections. Such difficulties and uncertainties emerging in the retrospective assessment of TiO2 particles exemplify the need for a fit-to-purpose data requirement for the future evaluation of novel nano-sized or submicron-sized particles added deliberately to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Winkler
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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