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Lee K, Yoon H, Seo PJ. The AGL6-ELF3-FT circuit controls flowering time in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2358684. [PMID: 38805453 PMCID: PMC11135843 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2358684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the timing of floral transition is essential for reproductive success in plants. A number of flowering regulators integrate internal and external signals to precisely determine the time to flower. We here report that the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6) - EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) module regulates flowering in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis. The AGL6 transcriptional repressor promotes floral transition by directly suppressing ELF3, which in turn directly represses FT expression that acts as a floral integrator. Indeed, ELF3 is epistatic to AGL6 in the control of floral transition. Overall, our findings propose that the AGL6-ELF3 module contributes to fine-tuning flowering time in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobin Yoon
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lee HS, Han JE, Bae EK, Jie EY, Kim SW, Kwon HJ, Lee HS, Yeon SH, Murthy HN, Park SY. Response surface methodology mediated optimization of phytosulfokine and plant growth regulators for enhanced protoplast division, callus induction, and somatic embryogenesis in Angelica Gigas Nakai. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:527. [PMID: 38858674 PMCID: PMC11165744 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelica Gigas (Purple parsnip) is an important medicinal plant that is cultivated and utilized in Korea, Japan, and China. It contains bioactive substances especially coumarins with anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. This medicinal crop can be genetically improved, and the metabolites can be obtained by embryonic stem cells. In this context, we established the protoplast-to-plant regeneration methodology in Angelica gigas. RESULTS In the present investigation, we isolated the protoplast from the embryogenic callus by applying methods that we have developed earlier and established protoplast cultures using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium and by embedding the protoplast in thin alginate layer (TAL) methods. We supplemented the culture medium with growth regulators namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D, 0, 0.75, 1.5 mg L- 1), kinetin (KN, 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L- 1) and phytosulfokine (PSK, 0, 50, 100 nM) to induce protoplast division, microcolony formation, and embryogenic callus regeneration. We applied central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of 2,4-D, KN, and PSK levels during protoplast division, micro-callus formation, and induction of embryogenic callus stages. The results revealed that 0.04 mg L- 1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L- 1 KN + 2 nM PSK, 0.5 mg L- 1 2,4-D + 0.9 mg L- 1 KN and 90 nM PSK, and 1.5 mg L- 1 2,4-D and 1 mg L- 1 KN were optimum for protoplast division, micro-callus formation and induction embryogenic callus. MS basal semi-solid medium without growth regulators was good for the development of embryos and plant regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated successful protoplast culture, protoplast division, micro-callus formation, induction embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration in A. gigas. The methodologies developed here are quite useful for the genetic improvement of this important medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sol Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Han
- Department of Horticultural Science, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, 39 Onjeong-ro, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yee Jie
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Joon Kwon
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Seocho-gu, Seoul, 30003, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sung Lee
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Seocho-gu, Seoul, 30003, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Yeon
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Seocho-gu, Seoul, 30003, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Horticultural Science, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580039, India
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zhang L, Meng S, Liu Y, Han F, Xu T, Zhao Z, Li Z. Advances in and Perspectives on Transgenic Technology and CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in Broccoli. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:668. [PMID: 38927604 PMCID: PMC11203320 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli, a popular international Brassica oleracea crop, is an important export vegetable in China. Broccoli is not only rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals but also has anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system has been established and optimized in broccoli, and transgenic transformation and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing techniques have been applied to improve broccoli quality, postharvest shelf life, glucoraphanin accumulation, and disease and stress resistance, among other factors. The construction and application of genetic transformation technology systems have led to rapid development in broccoli worldwide, which is also good for functional gene identification of some potential traits in broccoli. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress in transgenic technology and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for broccoli over the past four decades. Moreover, it explores the potential for future integration of digital and smart technologies into genetic transformation processes, thus demonstrating the promise of even more sophisticated and targeted crop improvements. As the field continues to evolve, these innovations are expected to play a pivotal role in the sustainable production of broccoli and the enhancement of its nutritional and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Sufang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Yumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Fengqing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
| | - Tiemin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
| | - Zhansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (S.M.); (Y.L.); (F.H.); (T.X.)
- Shouguang R&D Center of Vegetables, CAAS, Shouguang 262700, China;
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Jeong YY, Noh YS, Kim SW, Seo PJ. Efficient regeneration of protoplasts from Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae008. [PMID: 38414647 PMCID: PMC10898868 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Protoplast regeneration has become a key platform for genetic and genome engineering. However, we lack reliable and reproducible methods for efficient protoplast regeneration for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. Here, we optimized cell and tissue culture methods for protoplast isolation, microcallus proliferation, shoot regeneration, and plantlet establishment of the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom. A thin layer of alginate was applied to protoplasts isolated from third to fourth true leaves and cultured at an optimal density of 1 × 105 protoplasts/ml. We determined the optimal culture media for protoplast proliferation, callus formation, de novo shoot regeneration, and root regeneration. Regenerated plantlets exhibited morphologically normal growth and sexual reproduction. The entire regeneration process, from protoplasts to flowering plants, was accomplished within 5 months. The optimized protoplast regeneration platform enables biotechnological applications, such as genome engineering, as well as basic research on plant regeneration in Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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5
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Hong C, Han JH, Hwang GH, Bae S, Seo PJ. Genome-wide in-locus epitope tagging of Arabidopsis proteins using prime editors. BMB Rep 2024; 57:66-70. [PMID: 38053291 PMCID: PMC10828436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prime editors (PEs), which are CRISPR-Cas9 nickase (H840A)-reverse transcriptase fusion proteins programmed with prime editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs), can not only edit bases but also install transversions, insertions, or deletions without both donor DNA and double-strand breaks at the target DNA. As the demand for in-locus tagging is increasing, to reflect gene expression dynamics influenced by endogenous genomic contexts, we demonstrated that PEs can be used to introduce the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag to a target gene locus, enabling molecular and biochemical studies using in-locus tagged plants. To promote genome-wide in-locus tagging, we also implemented a publicly available database that designs pegRNAs for in-locus tagging of all the Arabidopsis genes. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(1): 66-70].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheljong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea
| | - Gue-Ho Hwang
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Xue Y, Hiti-Bandaralage JCA, Hu Z, Zhao Z, Mitter N. First Report on Mesophyll Protoplast Isolation and Regeneration System for the Duboisia Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:40. [PMID: 38202348 PMCID: PMC10780843 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The Duboisia species, a group of plants native to Australia, have been historically valued for their pharmacological properties and have played a significant role in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical research. Persistent efforts are underway to enhance the efficacy of the active ingredient scopolamine, employing both conventional breeding methods and advanced biotechnology tools. The primary objective of this research was to establish a highly efficient method for isolating mesophyll protoplasts and facilitating their regeneration, thereby laying a robust foundation for the application of various advanced plant biotechnology tools in the pursuit of genetic enhancement. The mesophyll protoplast isolation process was developed for hybrid D. myoporoides × D. hopwoodii with careful optimisation of the following parameters: leaf strip size; incubation conditions; physical treatment; and enzyme concentration. The optimal parameters were combined in each individual step; the best enzyme concentration was determined to be 2% (w/v) cellulysin and 0.5% (w/v) macerase. Protoplast yield was found to be greatly affected by the enzyme concentrations. The isolated protoplasts were cultured at a density of 0.5 × 105 to best sustain the highest cell division (33.2%) and a microcalli induction frequency of 17.9%. After 40 days of culture in a modified KM8P medium at 25 °C in darkness, visible microcalli were transferred to a solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction under a 16 h photoperiod. After 30 days of culture, compact organogenic calli were transferred into a solid MS medium with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) alone or thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with BA or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for shoot regeneration. The maximum shoot regeneration frequency (63.3%) was observed in the medium with 1.5 mg L-1 TDZ alone. For the first time, a reliable protoplast isolation and regeneration system from mesophyll cells was established for Duboisia with high protoplast viability, successful microcalli formation, and intact plant regeneration. This innovation will significantly contribute towards the genetic enhancement of the Duboisia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xue
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4068, Australia; (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
| | | | - Zhangpan Hu
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4068, Australia; (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zizhu Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Neena Mitter
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4068, Australia; (Y.X.); (Z.H.)
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7
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Li Y, Huang C, Liu Y, Zeng J, Yu H, Tong Z, Yuan X, Sui X, Fang D, Xiao B, Zhao S, Yuan C. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated seamless gene replacement in protoplasts expands the resistance spectrum to TMV-U1 strain in regenerated Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2641-2653. [PMID: 37610064 PMCID: PMC10651143 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing is now extensively used in plant breeding and continues to evolve. Most CRISPR/Cas current applications in plants focus on gene knock-outs; however, there is a pressing need for new methods to achieve more efficient delivery of CRISPR components and gene knock-ins to improve agronomic traits of crop cultivars. We report here a genome editing system that combines the advantages of protoplast technologies with recent CRISPR/Cas advances to achieve seamless large fragment insertions in the model Solanaceae plant Nicotiana tabacum. With this system, two resistance-related regions of the N' gene were replaced with homologous fragments from the N'alata gene to confer TMV-U1 resistance in the T0 generation of GMO-free plants. Our study establishes a reliable genome-editing tool for efficient gene modifications and provides a detailed description of the optimization process to assist other researchers adapt this system for their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Changjun Huang
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yong Liu
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Haiqin Yu
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Zhijun Tong
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xinjie Yuan
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersJiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchangChina
| | - Xueyi Sui
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Dunhuang Fang
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
| | | | - Cheng Yuan
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research CenterYunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnanChina
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8
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Chen K, Chen J, Pi X, Huang LJ, Li N. Isolation, Purification, and Application of Protoplasts and Transient Expression Systems in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16892. [PMID: 38069215 PMCID: PMC10706244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts, derived from plant cells, exhibit remarkable totipotency and hold significant value across a wide spectrum of biological and biotechnological applications. These versatile applications encompass protein subcellular localization and interaction analysis, gene expression regulation, functional characterization, gene editing techniques, and single-cell sequencing. Protoplasts' usability stems from their inherent accessibility and their ability to efficiently incorporate exogenous genes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview, including details on isolation procedures and influencing factors, purification and viability assessment methodologies, and the utilization of the protoplast transient expression system. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of current applications and offer valuable insights into protoplast isolation and the establishment of transient expression systems in a diverse range of plant species, thereby serving as a valuable resource for the plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xin Pi
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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9
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Mackowska K, Stelmach-Wityk K, Grzebelus E. Early selection of carrot somatic hybrids: a promising tool for species with high regenerative ability. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:104. [PMID: 37805561 PMCID: PMC10559629 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its discovery, somatic hybridization has been used to overcome the sexual barriers between cultivated and wild species. A combination of two somatic cells might provide a novel set of features, often of agronomical importance. Here, we report a successful approach for production and selection of interspecific somatic hybrid plants between cultivated and wild carrot using dual-labelling of protoplasts and an early selection of fused cells via micromanipulator. Both subspecies used in this study are characterised by a very high regenerative ability in protoplast cultures. Thus, a precise and effective method of hybrid selection is essential to assure the development and regeneration of much less numerous heterokaryons in the post-fusion cell mixture. RESULTS Electrofusion parameters, such as alternating current and direct current, were optimised for an efficient alignment of protoplasts and reversible membrane breakdown followed by a cell fusion. Four hundred twenty-nine cells emitting green-red fluorescence, identified as hybrids, were obtained. Co-culture with donor-derived protoplasts in the alginate feeder layer system stimulated re-synthesis of the cell wall and promoted cell divisions of fusants. Somatic embryogenesis occurred in hybrid-derived microcalli cultures, followed by plant regeneration. Regenerated hybrids produced yellowish storage roots and leaves of an intermediate shape between cultivated and wild subspecies. The intron length polymorphism analysis revealed that 123 of 124 regenerated plants were hybrids. CONCLUSIONS The developed protocol for protoplast fusion and an early selection of hybrids may serve as an alternative to combining genomes and transferring nuclear or cytoplasmatic traits from wild Daucus species to cultivated carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mackowska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stelmach-Wityk
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Grzebelus
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
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10
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Tian YH, Liu M, Tang L, Zhang YJ, Hang Y, Shangguan LY, Zhang YQ, Zhang MS. Establishment of protoplasts transient expression system in Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1381-1391. [PMID: 37589824 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we established an efficient and rapid transient expression system in the protoplasts of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (P. ternata). RESULTS The protoplasts of P. ternata were prepared from plant leaves as the source material by digesting them with the combination of 20 g·l-1 cellulase and 15 g·l-1 macerozyme for 6 h. Based on the screening of PEG concentration, the conditions for PEG-mediated protoplast transformation were improved, and the highest transformation efficiency was found for 40% PEG 4000. Furthermore, we used the subcellular protein localization technique in P. ternata protoplasts to allow further validation of transient expression system. CONCLUSIONS We present the method that can be applicable for studying both gene verification and expression in P. ternata protoplasts, thus allowing for engineering the improved varieties of P. ternata through molecular plant breeding techniques. This method can also be widely applicable for analyzing protein interactions, detecting promoter activity, for somatic cell fusion in plant breeding, as well as for other related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liu Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ye Hang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li-Yang Shangguan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yin-Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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11
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Liu C, Mentzelopoulou A, Papagavriil F, Ramachandran P, Perraki A, Claus L, Barg S, Dörmann P, Jaillais Y, Johnen P, Russinova E, Gizeli E, Schaaf G, Moschou PN. SEC14-like condensate phase transitions at plasma membranes regulate root growth in Arabidopsis. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002305. [PMID: 37721949 PMCID: PMC10538751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein function can be modulated by phase transitions in their material properties, which can range from liquid- to solid-like; yet, the mechanisms that drive these transitions and whether they are important for physiology are still unknown. In the model plant Arabidopsis, we show that developmental robustness is reinforced by phase transitions of the plasma membrane-bound lipid-binding protein SEC14-like. Using imaging, genetics, and in vitro reconstitution experiments, we show that SEC14-like undergoes liquid-like phase separation in the root stem cells. Outside the stem cell niche, SEC14-like associates with the caspase-like protease separase and conserved microtubule motors at unique polar plasma membrane interfaces. In these interfaces, SEC14-like undergoes processing by separase, which promotes its liquid-to-solid transition. This transition is important for root development, as lines expressing an uncleavable SEC14-like variant or mutants of separase and associated microtubule motors show similar developmental phenotypes. Furthermore, the processed and solidified but not the liquid form of SEC14-like interacts with and regulates the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PINFORMED2. This work demonstrates that robust development can involve liquid-to-solid transitions mediated by proteolysis at unique plasma membrane interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andriani Mentzelopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Fotini Papagavriil
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Prashanth Ramachandran
- Department of Organismal Biology, Physiological Botany, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lucas Claus
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Barg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Philipp Johnen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Nikolaou Moschou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Lee JS, Bae SJ, Kim JS, Kim C, Kang BC. A streamlined guide RNA screening system for genome editing in Sorghum bicolor. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:90. [PMID: 37633915 PMCID: PMC10463630 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome editing tools derived from clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have been developed for generating targeted mutations in plants. Although these tools hold promise for rapid crop improvement, target-specific guide RNAs exhibit variable activity. To improve genome editing, a rapid and precise method for evaluating their efficiency is necessary. RESULTS Here we report an efficient system for screening single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for genome editing in sorghum using a transient protoplast transfection assay. Protoplasts were isolated from leaves from sorghum plants cultivated under three different conditions. Cultivation for three days of continuous darkness following seven days with a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod resulted in the highest yield of viable protoplasts and the highest protoplast transfection efficiency. We tested both plasmid-mediated and ribonucleoprotein-based delivery to protoplasts, via polyethylene glycol-mediated transfection, of CRISPR components targeting the sorghum genome. The frequencies of small insertions and deletions induced by a set of sgRNAs targeting four endogenous sorghum genes were analyzed via targeted deep sequencing. Our screening system induced indels in sorghum protoplasts at frequencies of up to 77.8% (plasmid) and 18.5% (RNP). The entire screening system was completed within 16 days. CONCLUSIONS The screening system optimized in this study for predicting sgRNA activity for genome editing in sorghum is efficient and straightforward. This system will reduce the time and effort needed for sorghum genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sun Lee
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- National Research Safety Headquarters, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ji Bae
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical & Technological Innovation (SynCTI) and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beum-Chang Kang
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Simon A, Mazhar S, Khokhlova E, Leeuwendaal N, Phipps C, Deaton J, Rea K, Colom J. Solarplast ®-An Enzymatically Treated Spinach Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2678. [PMID: 37514292 PMCID: PMC10384499 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world we are constantly bombarded by environmental and natural stimuli that can result in oxidative stress. Antioxidant molecules and enzymes help the human body scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent oxidative damage. Most organisms possess intrinsic antioxidant activity, but also benefit from the consumption of antioxidants from their diet. Leafy green vegetables such as spinach are a well-researched rich source of dietary antioxidant molecules. However, plant cell walls are difficult to digest for many individuals and the bio-accessibility of nutrients and antioxidants from these sources can be limited by the degree of digestion and assimilation. Through a specific enzymatic process, Solarplast® contains organic spinach protoplasts without the cell wall, which may facilitate higher yield and efficacy of beneficial antioxidant molecules. In this study, analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays were used to determine the potential antioxidant activity of Solarplast® and determine its antioxidant enzymatic capabilities. Solarplast® demonstrated superior antioxidant activity when compared to frozen spinach leaves in TOC, FRAP and TEAC antioxidant assays. Several antioxidant enzymes were also increased in Solarplast®, when compared to frozen spinach. As a functional readout, Solarplast® attenuated hydrogen peroxide-, ethanol- and acetaminophen-induced increases in oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in both intestinal (HT-29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines. These findings suggest that Solarplast® may represent a non-GMO, plant-based food supplement to help reduce oxidative stress in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Simon
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Shahneela Mazhar
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Khokhlova
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Leeuwendaal
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Christopher Phipps
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - John Deaton
- ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, 3800 Cobb International Boulevard, Kennesaw, GA 30152, USA
| | - Kieran Rea
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- ADM Cork H&W Limited, Food Science Building, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland
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14
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Cook TM, Isenegger D, Dutta S, Sahab S, Kay P, Aboobucker SI, Biswas E, Heerschap S, Nikolau BJ, Dong L, Lübberstedt T. Overcoming roadblocks for in vitro nurseries in plants: induction of meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204813. [PMID: 37332695 PMCID: PMC10272530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to increase genetic gains in breeding programs of flowering plants depend on making genetic crosses. Time to flowering, which can take months to decades depending on the species, can be a limiting factor in such breeding programs. It has been proposed that the rate of genetic gain can be increased by reducing the time between generations by circumventing flowering through the in vitro induction of meiosis. In this review, we assess technologies and approaches that may offer a path towards meiosis induction, the largest current bottleneck for in vitro plant breeding. Studies in non-plant, eukaryotic organisms indicate that the in vitro switch from mitotic cell division to meiosis is inefficient and occurs at very low rates. Yet, this has been achieved with mammalian cells by the manipulation of a limited number of genes. Therefore, to experimentally identify factors that switch mitosis to meiosis in plants, it is necessary to develop a high-throughput system to evaluate a large number of candidate genes and treatments, each using large numbers of cells, few of which may gain the ability to induce meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner M. Cook
- Iowa State University, Department of Agronomy, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel Isenegger
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Somak Dutta
- Iowa State University, Department of Statistics, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sareena Sahab
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pippa Kay
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Eva Biswas
- Iowa State University, Department of Statistics, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Seth Heerschap
- Iowa State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Basil J. Nikolau
- Iowa State University, Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Liang Dong
- Iowa State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ames, IA, United States
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15
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Choi SH, Ahn WS, Lee MH, Jin DM, Lee A, Jie EY, Ju SJ, Ahn SJ, Kim SW. Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279627. [PMID: 36827385 PMCID: PMC9956655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce. The used chemicals were histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacytidine (Aza). All three chemicals increased cell division, micro-callus formation and callus proliferation in lettuce protoplasts. Cell division increased by more than 20% with an optimal treatment of the three chemicals. In addition, substantial increase in the callus proliferation rates was observed. In addition, TSA enhances cell division and adventitious shoot formation in the protoplast culture of Nicotiana benthamiana. The regenerated tobacco plants from TSA-treated protoplasts did not show morphological changes similar to the control. TSA increased histone H3 acetylation levels and affected the expression of CDK, CYCD3-1, and WUS in tobacco protoplasts. Thus, we investigated the effect of TSA, NaB, and Aza on Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and the effect of TSA on cell division and callus formation in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts, which facilitates plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, these chemicals can be directly applied as media additives for efficient plant regeneration and crop improvement in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Ahn
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hui Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Mon Jin
- Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity, Sunchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yee Jie
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ji Ju
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ju Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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16
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Embryogenic Stem Cell Identity after Protoplast Isolation from Daucus carota and Recovery of Regeneration Ability through Protoplast Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911556. [PMID: 36232857 PMCID: PMC9570137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts are single cells isolated from tissues or organs and are considered a suitable system for cell studies in plants. Embryogenic cells are totipotent stem cells, but their regeneration ability decreases or becomes lost altogether with extension of the culture period. In this study, we isolated and cultured EC-derived protoplasts (EC-pts) from carrots and compared them with non-EC-derived protoplasts (NEC-pts) with respect to their totipotency. The protoplast isolation conditions were optimized, and the EC-pts and NEC-pts were characterized by their cell size and types. Both types of protoplasts were then embedded using the alginate layer (TAL) method, and the resulting EC-pt-TALs and NEC-pt-TALs were cultured for further regeneration. The expression of the EC-specific genes SERK1, WUS, BBM, LEC1, and DRN was analyzed to confirm whether EC identity was maintained after protoplast isolation. The protoplast isolation efficiency for EC-pts was 2.4-fold higher than for NEC-pts (3.5 × 106 protoplasts·g−1 FW). In the EC-pt group, protoplasts < 20 µm accounted for 58% of the total protoplasts, whereas in the NEC-pt group, small protoplasts accounted for only 26%. In protoplast culture, the number of protoplasts that divided was 2.6-fold higher for EC-pts than for NEC-pts (7.7 × 104 protoplasts·g−1 FW), with a high number of plants regenerated for EC-pt-TALs, whereas no plants were induced by NEC-pt-TAL. Five times more plants were regenerated from EC-pts than from ECs. Regarding the expression of EC-specific genes, WUS and SERK1 expression increased 12-fold, and LEC1 and BBM expression increased 3.6−6.4-fold in isolated protoplasts compared with ECs prior to protoplast isolation (control). These results reveal that the protoplast isolation process did not affect the embryogenic cell identity; rather, it increased the plant regeneration rate, confirming that EC-derived protoplast culture may be an efficient system for increasing the regeneration ability of old EC cultures through the elimination of old and inactivate cells. EC-derived protoplasts may also represent an efficient single-cell system for application in new breeding technologies such as genome editing.
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17
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Rather GA, Ayzenshtat D, Teper-Bamnolker P, Kumar M, Forotan Z, Eshel D, Bocobza S. Advances in protoplast transfection promote efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in tetraploid potato. PLANTA 2022; 256:14. [PMID: 35713718 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method of DNA-free gene-editing in potato protoplasts was developed using linearized DNA fragments, UBIQUITIN10 promoters of several plant species, kanamycin selection, and transient overexpression of the BABYBOOM transcription factor. Plant protoplasts represent a reliable experimental system for the genetic manipulation of desired traits using gene editing. Nevertheless, the selection and regeneration of mutated protoplasts are challenging and subsequent recovery of successfully edited plants is a significant bottleneck in advanced plant breeding technologies. In an effort to alleviate the obstacles related to protoplasts' transgene expression and protoplasts' regeneration, a new method was developed. In so doing, it was shown that linearized DNA could efficiently transfect potato protoplasts and that UBIQUITIN10 promoters from various plants could direct transgene expression in an effective manner. Also, the inhibitory concentration of kanamycin was standardized for transfected protoplasts, and the NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE2 (NPT2) gene could be used as a potent selection marker for the enrichment of transfected protoplasts. Furthermore, transient expression of the BABYBOOM (BBM) transcription factor promoted the regeneration of protoplast-derived calli. Together, these methods significantly increased the selection for protoplasts that displayed high transgene expression, and thereby significantly increased the rate of gene editing events in protoplast-derived calli to 95%. The method developed in this study facilitated gene-editing in tetraploid potato plants and opened the way to sophisticated genetic manipulation in polyploid organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Dana Ayzenshtat
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Zohar Forotan
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeTsiyon, Israel.
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18
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Han J, Ma K, Li H, Su J, Zhou L, Tang J, Zhang S, Hou Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhu Q. All-in-one: a robust fluorescent fusion protein vector toolbox for protein localization and BiFC analyses in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1098-1109. [PMID: 35179286 PMCID: PMC9129086 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent tagging protein localization (FTPL) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) are popular tools for in vivo analyses of the subcellular localizations of proteins and protein-protein interactions in plant cells. The efficiency of fluorescent fusion protein (FFP) expression analyses is typically impaired when the FFP genes are co-transformed on separate plasmids compared to when all are cloned and transformed in a single vector. Functional genomics applications using FFPs such as a gene family studies also often require the generation of multiple plasmids. Here, to address these needs, we developed an efficient, modular all-in-one (Aio) FFP (AioFFP) vector toolbox, including a set of fluorescently labelled organelle markers, FTPL and BiFC plasmids and associated binary vectors. This toolbox uses Gibson assembly (GA) and incorporates multiple unique nucleotide sequences (UNSs) to facilitate efficient gene cloning. In brief, this system enables convenient cloning of a target gene into various FFP vectors or the insertion of two or more target genes into the same FFP vector in a single-tube GA reaction. This system also enables integration of organelle marker genes or fluorescently fused target gene expression units into a single transient expression plasmid or binary vector. We validated the AioFFP system by testing genes encoding proteins known to be functional in FTPL and BiFC assays. In addition, we performed a high-throughput assessment of the accurate subcellular localizations of an uncharacterized rice CBSX protein subfamily. This modular UNS-guided GA-mediated AioFFP vector toolkit is cost-effective, easy to use and will promote functional genomics research in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingluan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Kun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huali Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant ProtectionPlant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Lian Zhou
- Rice Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jintao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuke Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao‐Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
- College of Life ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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19
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Lam E, Michael TP. Wolffia, a minimalist plant and synthetic biology chassis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:430-439. [PMID: 34920947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly simplified species for genome engineering would facilitate rational design of a synthetic plant. A candidate species is the aquatic, non-grass monocot wolffia (Wolffia australiana) in the Lemnaceae family. Commonly known as watermeal, wolffia is a rootless ball of several thousand cells the size of a pinhead and the fastest growing plant known on Earth. Its extreme morphological reduction is coupled to transposon-mediated streamlining of its transcriptome, which represents a core set of nonredundant protein coding genes. Despite its body plan and transcriptome being highly specialized for continuous growth, wolffia retains cell types relevant to higher plants. Systems level studies with this species could enable the creation of a defined biological chassis for synthetic plant construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lam
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Todd P Michael
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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20
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Krishnamoorthy S, Schwartz MF, Van den Broeck L, Hunt A, Horn TJ, Sozzani R. Tissue Regeneration with Hydrogel Encapsulation: A Review of Developments in Plants and Animals. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9890319. [PMID: 37849953 PMCID: PMC10521718 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9890319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel encapsulation has been widely utilized in the study of fundamental cellular mechanisms and has been shown to provide a better representation of the complex in vivo microenvironment in natural biological conditions of mammalian cells. In this review, we provide a background into the adoption of hydrogel encapsulation methods in the study of mammalian cells, highlight some key findings that may aid with the adoption of similar methods for the study of plant cells, including the potential challenges and considerations, and discuss key findings of studies that have utilized these methods in plant sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar Krishnamoorthy
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael F. Schwartz
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Aitch Hunt
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Timothy J. Horn
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Reed KM, Bargmann BOR. Protoplast Regeneration and Its Use in New Plant Breeding Technologies. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:734951. [PMID: 34713266 PMCID: PMC8525371 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.734951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of gene-editing technology holds tremendous potential for accelerating crop trait improvement to help us address the need to feed a growing global population. However, the delivery and access of gene-editing tools to the host genome and subsequent recovery of successfully edited plants form significant bottlenecks in the application of new plant breeding technologies. Moreover, the methods most suited to achieve a desired outcome vary substantially, depending on species' genotype and the targeted genetic changes. Hence, it is of importance to develop and improve multiple strategies for delivery and regeneration in order to be able to approach each application from various angles. The use of transient transformation and regeneration of plant protoplasts is one such strategy that carries unique advantages and challenges. Here, we will discuss the use of protoplast regeneration in the application of new plant breeding technologies and review pertinent literature on successful protoplast regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bastiaan O. R. Bargmann
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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