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Li W, Lv R, Zou T, Chen M. Tricetin protects against liver fibrosis through promoting autophagy and Nrf2 signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci 2024; 351:122798. [PMID: 38852802 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of tricetin in regulating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. MAIN METHODS We treated human hepatic stellate cells line LX-2 and freshly isolated primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (mHSCs) with tricetin, pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs, western blot, immunofluorescence, quantitative PCR were used to evaluate the expression of fibrotic markers, autophagy levels and Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) signaling. KEY FINDINGS Herein, we demonstrated that tricetin strongly attenuated the proliferation, migration, lipid droplets (LDs) loss and fibrotic markers Col 1a1 (type I α 1 collagen) and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) expression in LX-2 cells. Moreover, tricetin time- and dose-dependently provoked autophagic formation in LX-2 cells. Autophagy inhibition by pharmacological intervention or genetic ATG5 (autophagy related 5) silencing facilitated tricetin-induced downregulation of profibrotic markers in LX-2 cells. Additionally, tricetin treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, promoted Nrf2 signaling in LX-2 cells and pretreatment with ROS scavenger NAC partially reversed tricetin-induced autophagy and enhanced tricetin-mediated HSCs inactivation. Nrf2 silencing partially reversed tricetin-mediated inhibition of α-SMA expression. Finally, utilizing primary mouse hepatic stellate cells (mHSCs), we demonstrated that tricetin also induced autophagy activation, repressed TGF-β1-induced LDs loss and fibrotic marker expression and pretreatment with CQ further sensitized these effects. SIGNIFICANCE Our study indicates that tricetin's actions may represent an effective strategy to treat liver fibrosis and help identify novel therapeutic targets, especially in combination with autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Avenue, Songshan Lake Science & Technologic Industry Park, Dongguan, China
| | - Ruyue Lv
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Avenue, Songshan Lake Science & Technologic Industry Park, Dongguan, China
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Avenue, Songshan Lake Science & Technologic Industry Park, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, No. 42 Jiaoping Road, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Avenue, Songshan Lake Science & Technologic Industry Park, Dongguan, China.
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Zhou P, Wang X, Sun M, Yan S. Effects of natural products on functional constipation: analysis of active ingredient and mechanism. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2083-2103. [PMID: 37870581 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Constipation is a prevalent clinical ailment of the gastrointestinal system, yet its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Despite the availability of numerous treatment modalities, they are insufficient in resolving the issue for patients. This work conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to the utilization of natural products for the treatment of constipation, with a focus on the efficacy of natural products in treating constipation, and to provide a comprehensive summary of their underlying mechanisms of action. Upon conducting a thorough review of the extant literature, we found that natural products can effectively treat constipation as modern synthetic drugs and compounded drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effects, rich in fiber and mucus, and the effects of increasing the tension of the ileum and gastrointestinal tract muscle, mediating signaling pathways, cytokine, excitability of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, and regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora. However, there is a wide variety of natural products, and there are still relatively few studies; the composition of natural products is complex, and the mechanism of action of natural products cannot be clarified. In the future, we need to further improve the detailed mechanism of natural products for the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Anorectal surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China.
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Qin X, Wang X, Tian M, Dong Z, Wang J, Wang C, Huang Q. The role of Andrographolide in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154537. [PMID: 36610122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence or absence of damage to the liver organ is crucial to a person's health. Nutritional disorders, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse are the main causes of liver disease. Liver transplantation is the last irrevocable option for liver disease and has become a serious economic burden worldwide. Andrographolide (AP) is one of the main active ingredients of Herba Andrographitis. It has several biological activities and has been reported to have protective and therapeutic effects against liver diseases. Earlier literature has been written on AP's role in treating inflammation and other diseases, and there has not been a systematic review on liver diseases. This review is dedicated to sorting out the research results of AP against liver diseases. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and nanotechnology to improve bioavailability are discussed. Finally, an outlook and assessment of its future are provided. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed and web of Science databases were used to search all relevant literature on AP for liver disease up to 2022. RESULTS Studies have shown that AP plays an important role in different liver disease phenotypes, mainly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AP regulates HO-1 and inhibits hepatitis virus replication. It affects the NF-κB pathway, downregulates inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and reduces liver damage. In preventing liver fibrosis, AP inhibits angiogenesis and activation of hepatic stellate cells and reduces oxidative stress involved in the Nrf2 and TGF-β1/Smad pathways. In addition, AP impedes the development of liver cancer by promoting apoptosis and autonomous phagocytosis in a cell-dependent way. Interestingly, miRNAs are involved in the therapeutic process of liver cancer and hepatic fibrosis. The poor solubility of AP limits the development of dosage forms. Therefore, the advent of nanoformulations has improved bioavailability. Although the effect of AP is dose- and time-dependent, the magnitude of its toxicity is not negligible. Some clinical trials have shown that AP has mild side effects. CONCLUSIONS AP, as an effective natural product, has a good effect on the liver disease through multiple pathways and targets. However, the dose reaches a certain level, leading to its toxicity and side effects. For better clinical application of AP, high-quality clinical and toxic intervention mechanisms are needed to validate current studies. In addition, modulation of miRNA-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma and liver fibrosis and synergistic action with drugs may be the future focus of AP. In conclusion, AP can be regarded as an important candidate for treating different liver diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Maoying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Zhaowei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sichuan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.51, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610042, PR. China.
| | - Qinwan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, PR. China.
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Co-Treatments of Gardeniae Fructus and Silymarin Ameliorates Excessive Oxidative Stress-Driven Liver Fibrosis by Regulation of Hepatic Sirtuin1 Activities Using Thioacetamide-Induced Mice Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010097. [PMID: 36670959 PMCID: PMC9854785 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus (GF, the dried ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) has traditionally been used to treat various diseases in East Asian countries, such as liver disease. Silymarin is a well-known medicine used to treat numerous liver diseases globally. The present study was purposed to evaluate the synergistic effects of GF and silymarin on the thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis of a mouse model. Mice were orally administered with distilled water, GF (100 mg/kg, GF 100), silymarin (100 mg/kg, Sily 100), and GF and silymarin mixtures (50 and 100 mg/kg, GS 50 and 100). The GS group showed remarkable amelioration of liver injury in the serum levels and histopathology by observing the inflamed cell infiltrations and decreases in necrotic bodies through the liver tissue. TAA caused liver tissue oxidation, which was evidenced by the abnormal statuses of lipid peroxidation and deteriorations in the total glutathione in the hepatic protein levels; moreover, the immunohistochemistry supported the increases in the positive signals against 4-hydroxyneal and 8-OHdG through the liver tissue. These alterations corresponded well to hepatic inflammation by an increase in F4/80 positive cells and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hepatic protein levels; however, administration with GS, especially the high dose group, not only remarkably reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver cells but also considerably diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines, which were driven by Kupffer cell activations, as compared with each of the single treatment groups. The pharmacological properties of GS prolonged liver fibrosis by the amelioration of hepatic stellate cells’ (HSCs’) activation that is dominantly expressed by huge extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1 and 3, respectively. We further figured out that GS ameliorated HSCs activated by the regulation of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activities in the hepatic protein levels, and this finding excellently reenacted the transforming growth factor-β-treated LX-2-cells-induced cell death signals depending on the Sirt1 activities. Future studies need to reveal the pharmacological roles of GS on the specific cell types during the liver fibrosis condition.
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Meng X, Pan Z, Zhao J, Feng Q. Efficacy and safety of Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets as an adjuvant treatment for chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31664. [PMID: 36401442 PMCID: PMC9678545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) liver fibrosis. METHODS Databases, including PubMed, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (CBM), Wan Fang, VIP database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. The time was searched up to May 2022. The participant intervention comparator outcomes of this study were as follows: P, patients with CHB liver fibrosis; I, Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets; C, pharmacological placebo; O, the efficacy rate, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), procollagen III protein (PIIIP), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagen C type IV (IV-C), portal vein diameter, spleen thickness and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, Begg's test and Egger's test were used to evaluate the methodological quality of eligible studies. A randomized controlled trial of Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets was used to treat CHB liver fibrosis. Three reviewers independently selected trials, extracted data, cross-checked, and performed methodological quality assessments. Data analysis was completed by Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with 2717 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets was effective by increasing the efficacy. Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets was more efficient in improving ALT, AST, TBIL, ALB, PIIIP, HA, LN, IV-C, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate with no serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSION It was shown that Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets can effectively improve liver function and relieve liver fibrosis, but future research should focus on rigorously designed, multicenter, and large randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhengqi Pan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- *Correspondence: Quansheng Feng, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China (e-mail: )
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Wang Q, Duan X, Li S, Lai H, Cheng W, Ao J, Zhang J, Duan C. Active Compounds Screening and Hepatoprotective Mechanism of Shuganning Injection Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221124756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to analyze the core active compounds and the potential mechanism of Shuganning injection (SGNI) through network pharmacology with biological experiments. Methods: Active compounds and targets of SGNI were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Targetnet database, whereas the liver disease-related targets were identified through the Genecards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases. The “compound-target” and “protein-protein interaction” networks construction, core target identification, and pathway enrichment were then performed. Finally, the exploration of the mechanism of action for SGNI against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in the HepaRG cells and validation of three identified protein targets was also carried out through western blot assay, including tumor protein p53 (p53, TP53), transcription factor Jun (Jun), and Caspase 3 (CASP3). Results: The result showed that a total of 312 active compounds of SGNI and 408 liver disease-related targets, as well as 131 core targets were revealed through databases, such as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, and nuclear factor NF-kappa B (NF-kB) p65 subunit (RELA). The core targets of SGNI were involved in regulating hepatitis B signaling pathway, NF-kB signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway. Moreover, results of molecular docking in this study indicated that chlorogenic acid, geniposide, baicalin, indirubin, and ganoderic acid A could act on RELA, JUN, TP53, TNF, CASP3, Caspase 8 (CASP8) and nuclear factor NF-kB p105 subunit (NFKB1). Similarly, results of western blot revealed that SGNI reduced the expression of p53, Jun, and Caspase 3 proteins in HepaRG cells as compared with the APAP group ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study verified the therapeutic effects and mechanism of SGNI on liver diseases and pointed out new directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaqing Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Weina Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cancan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Li WQ, Liu WH, Qian D, Liu J, Zhou SQ, Zhang L, Peng W, Su L, Zhang H. Traditional Chinese medicine: An important source for discovering candidate agents against hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962525. [PMID: 36081936 PMCID: PMC9445813 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) refers to the pathophysiological process of connective tissue dysplasia in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Nowadays, HF is becoming a severe threat to the health of human being. However, the drugs available for treating HF are limited. Currently, increasing natural agents derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been found to be beneficial for HF. A systemic literature search was conducted from PubMed, GeenMedical, Sci-Hub, CNKI, Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, with the keywords of “traditional Chinese medicine,” “herbal medicine,” “natural agents,” “liver diseases,” and “hepatic fibrosis.” So far, more than 76 natural monomers have been isolated and identified from the TCMs with inhibitory effect on HF, including alkaloids, flavones, quinones, terpenoids, saponins, phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides, etc. The anti-hepatic fibrosis effects of these compounds include hepatoprotection, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation, regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis & secretion, regulation of autophagy, and antioxidant & anti-inflammation, etc. Natural compounds and extracts from TCMs are promising agents for the prevention and treatment of HF, and this review would be of great significance to development of novel drugs for treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Zhou
- Hospital of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng, ; Li Su, ; Hong Zhang,
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Exploring mechanisms of Chaihu-Shugan-San against liver fibrosis by integrated multi-omics and network pharmacology approach. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231546. [PMID: 35791909 PMCID: PMC9301292 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaihu-Shugan-San (CHSGS), a noted traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used as a complementary and alternative therapy for liver fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic mechanisms of CHSGS still remain unclear. Thus, we used network pharmacology approach in combination with single cell and bulk transcriptomics to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanisms of CHSGS. We first screened out 134 bioactive ingredients of CHSGS through the defined criteria. Then, 1,150 genes were predicted to be targets for CHSGS, while 625 liver fibrosis-associated genes were identified by single cell transcriptomics analysis. Next, 71 intersecting genes of CHSGS and liver fibrosis were defined as the therapeutic targets in CHSGS against liver fibrosis. Further, 21 core targets and 12 core ingredients of CHSGS against liver fibrosis were also identified. Meanwhile, enrichment analyses of core targets highlighted that the key mechanisms of CHSGS against liver fibrosis include modulation of inflammation responses, inhibition of angiogenesis, and regulation of ECM remodeling, of which the most important mechanism was the regulation of ECM remodeling. The molecular docking simulation validated strong binding affinity between the core targets and core ingredients. Furthermore, 62-gene signature may be used for determining the prognosis in cirrhotic patients based on the results of ssGSEA-Cox analysis. In conclusion, this study revealed the multiple pharmacological targets and therapeutic mechanisms of CHSGS against liver fibrosis, which may thus serve as an effective antifibrotic therapy. Meanwhile, CHSGS may improve survival of patients with liver cirrhosis by the interaction of 62-gene signature.
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Li ZH, Xu R, Shi J, Yu MS, Zhong Y, He WM, Cao LP, Sheng MX. Astragalus Total Saponins Ameliorate Peritoneal Fibrosis by Promoting Mitochondrial Synthesis and Inhibiting Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:261-274. [PMID: 34983328 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a disease caused by prolonged exposure of the peritoneum to high levels of dialysis fluid. Astragalus total saponins (ATS) is a phytochemical naturally occurring in Radix Astragali that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, we constructed an in vivo model of PF using 4.25% glucose-containing administered intraperitoneally to rats and incubated peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) with 4.25% glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluid to construct an in vitro model of PF. Furthermore, siRNA of PGC-1[Formula: see text] was used to inhibit the expression of PGC-1[Formula: see text] to further investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of ATS on PF. In both in vivo and in vitro models, ATS treatment showed a protective effect against PF, with ATS reducing the thickness of peritoneal tissues in PF rats, increasing the viability of PMCs, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing apoptosis ratio. ATS treatment also reduced the expressions of peritoneal fibrosis markers (Smad2, p-Smad2 and [Formula: see text]-SMA) and apoptosis markers (Caspase3, cleaved-Caspase3 and Bax) and restored the expressions of mitochondrial synthesis proteins (PGC-1[Formula: see text], NRF1 and TFAM) in ATS-treated peritoneal tissues or PMCs. Furthermore, in the presence of PGC-1[Formula: see text] inhibition, the protective effect of ATS on PF was blocked. In conclusion, ATS treatment may be an effective therapeutic agent to inhibit high glucose-induced in peritoneal fibrosis through PGC-1[Formula: see text]-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Man-Shu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming He
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Xiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P. R. China
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Wang FD, Zhou J, Chen EQ. Molecular Mechanisms and Potential New Therapeutic Drugs for Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:787748. [PMID: 35222022 PMCID: PMC8874120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.787748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the pathological process of excessive extracellular matrix deposition after liver injury and is a precursor to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is essentially a wound healing response to liver tissue damage. Numerous studies have shown that hepatic stellate cells play a critical role in this process, with various cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways engaged. Currently, the treatment targeting etiology is considered the most effective measure to prevent and treat liver fibrosis, but reversal fibrosis by elimination of the causative agent often occurs too slowly or too rarely to avoid life-threatening complications, especially in advanced fibrosis. Liver transplantation is the only treatment option in the end-stage, leaving us with an urgent need for new therapies. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis could identify new targets for the treatment. Most of the drugs targeting critical cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis are still in pre-clinical trials and there are hardly any definitive anti-fibrotic chemical or biological drugs available for clinical use. In this review, we will summarize the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, focusing on the role of key cells, associated mechanisms, and signaling pathways, and summarize various therapeutic measures or drugs that have been trialed in clinical practice or are in the research stage.
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao X, Xie H, Du L, Gao H, Xie C. Mechanisms of Kaempferol in the treatment of diabetes: A comprehensive and latest review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:990299. [PMID: 36157449 PMCID: PMC9490412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.990299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-insulin resistance-β-cells apoptosis" is an important trilogy of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. With the global pandemic of obesity and diabetes, continuous research and development of new drugs focuses on the prevention of the pathological progress of these diseases. According to a recent study, the natural product kaempferol has excellent antidiabetic effects. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarized the frontier studies and pharmacological mechanisms of kaempferol in the treatment of diabetes. The successful research and development of kaempferol may yield a significant leap in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Gao, ; Chunguang Xie,
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Gao, ; Chunguang Xie,
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12
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Ghanim AMH, Younis NS, Metwaly HA. Vanillin augments liver regeneration effectively in Thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis rat model. Life Sci 2021; 286:120036. [PMID: 34637793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study has been designed to investigate the role of vanillin either as prophylaxis or treatment in liver regeneration augmentation and liver fibrosis regression in thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were injected with TAA to induce liver injury (200mg/kg twice weekly) for 8 weeks. In vanillin prophylaxis group; rats were administered vanillin (100 mg/Kg; IP, daily) from day 1 of TAA injection for 8 weeks. In vanillin treatment group; rats were confronted with the same dose of TAA injection for 8 weeks then treated with vanillin (100 mg/Kg, IP, daily) for 4 weeks. ALT, AST activities, serum albumin, hepatic GSH, MDA, HGF, VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured and also, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and cyclin D gene expression were determined. Liver sections were stained with H&E and Sirius red and immunostained for Ki-67 and α-SMA for histological and immunohistological changes analysis. KEY FINDINGS Vanillin improved liver function and histology. Also, showed a remarkable increase in hepatic HGF and VEGF level, and up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression accompanied by a significant up-regulation of MMP-2 and down- regulation of TIMP-1. All these effects were accompanied by TNF-α, IL-6 and oxidative stress significant attenuation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, vanillin enhanced liver regeneration in TAA induced liver damage model; targeting growth factors (HGF, VEGF) and cellular proliferation marker cyclin D1. As well as stimulating fibrosis regression by inhibition of ECM accumulation and enhancing its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M H Ghanim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Metwaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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Xiao X, Hu Q, Deng X, Shi K, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Ma X, Zeng J, Wang X. Old wine in new bottles: Kaempferol is a promising agent for treating the trilogy of liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106005. [PMID: 34843960 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a source of various compounds, natural products have long been important and valuable for drug development. Kaempferol (KP) is the most common flavonol with bioactive activity and has been extracted from many edible plants and traditional Chinese medicines. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects on inflammation, oxidation, and tumour and virus regulation. The liver is an important organ and is involved in metabolism and activity. Because the pathological process of liver diseases is extremely complicated, liver diseases involving ALD, NASH, liver fibrosis, and HCC are often complicated and difficult to treat. Fortunately, there have been many reports that KP has a good pharmacological effect on a series of complex liver diseases. To fully understand the mechanism of KP and provide new ideas for its clinical application in the treatment of liver diseases, this article reviews the pharmacological mechanism and potential value of KP in different studies involving various liver diseases. In the trilogy of liver disease, high concentrations of ROS stimulate peroxidation and activate the inflammatory signal cascade, which involves signalling pathways such as MAPK/JAK-STAT/PERK/Wnt/Hipp, leading to varying degrees of cell degradation and liver damage. The development of liver disease is promoted in an inflammatory environment, which is conducive to the activation of TGF-β1, leading to increased expression of pro-fibrosis and pro-inflammatory genes. Inflammation and oxidative stress promote the formation of tumour microenvironments, and uncontrolled autophagy of cancer cells further leads to the development of liver cancer. The main pathway in this process is AMPK/PTEN/PI3K-Akt/TOR. KP can not only protect liver parenchymal cells through a variety of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms but also reduces the immune inflammatory response in the liver microenvironment, thereby preventing cell apoptosis; it can also inhibit the ER stress response, prevent inflammation and inhibit tumour growth. KP exerts multiple therapeutic effects on liver disease by regulating precise signalling targets and is expected to become an emerging therapeutic opportunity to treat liver disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaiyun Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Yue H, Cai W, Li Y, Feng X, Dong P, Xue C, Wang J. A Novel Sialoglycopeptide from Gadus morhua Eggs Prevents Liver Fibrosis Induced by CCl 4 via Downregulating FXR/FGF15 and TLR4/TGF-β/Smad Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13093-13101. [PMID: 34714650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis plays a critical role in liver disease progression. A sialoglycopeptide from the Gadus morhua eggs (Gm-SGPP) was identified having a 7000 Da molecular weight with a core pentasaccharide structure and osteogenesis activity. However, whether Gm-SGPP is beneficial to liver fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, mice with liver fibrosis were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5% CCl4 (10 mL/kg) and orally administered with Gm-SGPP (500 mg/kg) for 30 days. Results showed that Gm-SGPP alleviated oxidative liver damage and lipid metabolism disorder and reduced hepatocyte necrosis and lipid droplet accumulation. Notably, we found that Gm-SGPP increased the number and changed the composition of bile acids via increasing cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) expression, which caused inhibition of ileum farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression and accelerated the cholesterol conversion. Cholesterol accumulation is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Masson staining showed that Gm-SGPP significantly reduced the degree of collagen deposition. Western blotting further suggested that Gm-SGPP downregulated the key gene of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that Gm-SGPP prevented liver fibrosis via attenuating cholesterol accumulation. Our present results provide new ideas for the Gadus morhua egg's high-value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P.R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong 266003, China
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15
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He L, Guo C, Peng C, Li Y. Advances of natural activators for Nrf2 signaling pathway on cholestatic liver injury protection: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174447. [PMID: 34461126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common manifestation of obstruction of bile flow in various liver diseases. If the bile acid accumulation is not treated in time, it will further lead to hepatocyte damage, liver fibrosis and ultimately to cirrhosis, which seriously affects human life. The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury is very complicated, mainly including oxidative stress and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor responsible for upregulating expression of various genes with cytoprotective functions. Nrf2 activation has been proved to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, modulate bile acid homeostasis, and alleviate fibrosis during cholestasis. Therefore, Nrf2 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for cholestatic liver injury. In recent years, natural products with various biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic effects have received growing attention for being hepatoprotective agents. Natural products like asiatic acid, diosmin, rutin, and so forth have shown significant potential in activating Nrf2 pathway which can lead to attenuate cholestatic liver injury. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the effect of Nrf2 signaling pathway on alleviating cholestasis, and summarizes recent evidence about natural Nrf2 activators with hepatoprotective effect in various models of cholestatic liver injury, thus providing theoretical reference for the development of anti-cholestatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng He
- National Key Laboratory of Southwest Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Southwest Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Southwest Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Southwest Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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16
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Development of the Flow Chart for Obtaining and Studying the Antihypoxic Activity of Dry Extracts from the Aerial Part of Scutellaria Adenostegia Herbs. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Bi YM, Pan T, Zeng T, Mo C, Sun B, Gao L, Lyu ZP. Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Inducing Autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:60-68. [PMID: 34105096 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of ethyl acetate fraction Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss. (EDC) in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model in vivo. METHODS For in vitro study, HSCs were pre-treated with platelet-derived growth factor (10 ng/mL) for 2 h to ensure activation and treated with EDC for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The effect of EDC on HSCs was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay, EdU staining, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot, respectively. For in vivo experiments, mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (2 ° L/g, adjusted to a 25% concentration in olive oil), 3 times per week for 6 weeks, to develop a hepatic fibrosis model. Forty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups using a random number table (n=10), including control, model, positive control and EDC treatment groups. Mice in the EDC and colchicine groups were intragastrically administered EDC (0.5 g/kg) or colchicine (0.2 mg/kg) once per day for 6 weeks. Mice in the control and model groups received an equal volume of saline. Biochemical assays and histological examinations were used to assess liver damage. Protein expression levels of α -smooth muscle actin (α -SMA) and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS EDC reduced pathological damage associated with liver fibrosis, downregulated the expression of α -SMA and upregulated the expression of LC3B (P<0.05), both in HSCs and the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. The intervention of bafilomycin A1 and rapamycin in HSCs strongly supported the notion that inhibition of autophagy enhanced α -SMA protein expression levels (P<0.01). The results also found that the levels of phosphoinositide (PI3K), p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K all decreased after EDC treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EDC has anti-hepatic fibrosis activity by inducing autophagy and might be a potential drug to be further developed for human liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Meng Bi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Ting Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bing Sun
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Lyu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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18
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Huang X, Wu Y, Huang Y, Liu Q, Chen H, Dai F, Liang F, Gan C. Studies on apoptosis induced by B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds in HeLa cells. Steroids 2021; 168:108802. [PMID: 33587927 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Certain B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds were found to mediate marked anti-tumor proliferative effects in vitro in our earlier study. Here, the mechanism of action of these anti-tumor effects was evaluated using HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Methods for detecting cell invasion and migration, Annexin V-PI double staining, cell cycle status, and mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm were employed. These compounds were confirmed to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro. Compound 1 induced apoptosis in S phase, compound 2induced apoptosis in the G0/G1 phase and compound 3 induced late apoptosis in the G2/M phase. These compounds induced HeLa cell apoptosis through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψm in a dose-dependent manner. B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole compounds induced morphological changes in HeLa cells and inhibited proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Apoptosis was promoted by mechanisms involving p21 and p53 in this cervical cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Qinzhou Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Feng Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Fengyan Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China
| | - Chunfang Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, PR China.
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Tao XM, Li D, Zhang C, Wen GH, Wu C, Xu YY, Kan Y, Lu WP, Ding HY, Yang Y. Salvianolic acid B protects against acute and chronic liver injury by inhibiting Smad2C/L phosphorylation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:341. [PMID: 33732314 PMCID: PMC7903446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) has strong antioxidant and anti-fibrosis effects, which are related to the transforming growth factor β/Smad signaling pathway. However, how Sal B affects this antioxidant pathway and the phosphorylation (p-) of Smad2 at both the COOH-terminal (pSmad2C) and linker region (pSmad2L) are unknown. The aims of the present study were to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Sal B on acute and chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 and H2O2, and its effects on p-Smad2C/L. In in vivo experiments, acute and chronic liver injury models were induced by CCl4, and the oxidative damage cell model was established in vitro with H2O2. Liver histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson's staining. Moreover, serum biochemical indicators were analyzed using specific assay kits. Furthermore, the present study evaluated the oxidant/antioxidant status in acute and chronic liver injury models by oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. In addition, western blot analysis was performed to analyze the protein expression levels of pSmad2C, pSmad2L, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). It was found that Sal B improved liver histology, decreased the levels of aminotransferase and attenuated oxidative stress in acute and chronic liver injury models. Additionally, the protein expression levels of pSmad2C and pSmad2L were decreased, but Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels were increased both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the present results suggested that Sal B may protect against acute and chronic liver injury via inhibition of Smad2C/L phosphorylation, and the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ming Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hua Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Peng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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20
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Song M, Chae YJ, Koppula S, Kim MK, Yoon T. Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol extract attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro and thioacetamide-induced hepatofibrosis in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.328057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Complexation with Random Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin and (2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-Cyclodextrin Promotes Chrysin Effect and Potential for Liver Fibrosis Therapy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13215003. [PMID: 33171970 PMCID: PMC7664245 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury and is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in excess driven by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Chrysin (CHR) is a natural flavonoid that is limited by its low solubility to exert its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility of CHR complexes with two cyclodextrins (CDs)-(2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and random methyl-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB), and their potential to induce anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects. Biocompatibility of the complexes was evaluated on Huh7 and LX2 cell lines: MTT and Live/Dead tests indicated the cell viability and an LDH test showed the cytotoxicity. Immunohistochemical staining of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the complexes. Oxygen Radical Absorbance assay, Superoxide Dismutase activity and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) assays indicated the antioxidant properties of the chrysin complexes. Finally, the complexes’ anti-fibrotic potential was evaluated at the protein and gene level of α-sma. In HSCs, CDs induced higher cytotoxicity correlated with lower cell viability than CHR–CD. The 1:1 CHR–RAMEB pretreatment avoided p65 translocation. The 1:2 CHR–RAMEB complex increased ORAC values, improved SOD activity and produced the highest stimulation of GPx activity. CHR–RAMEB reduced α-sma expression at lower concentration than CHR–HPBCD, proving to be more efficient. In conclusion, both CHR–CD complexes proved to be biocompatible, but CHR–RAMEB showed improved anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects that could recommend its further use in liver fibrosis treatment.
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22
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Dong P, Gao Z, Yin X, Li Z, Han H. Hepatoprotective activity assessment of amino acids derivatives of picroside I and II. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:341-348. [PMID: 32931135 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Picrorhiza kurroa has a long medicinal history as a traditional medicinal plant in China and India that is widely used in clinical treatments. It is a common treatment for liver diseases, fever, diarrhoea, indigestion, and some other diseases. Modern pharmacological studies proved that P. kurroa rhizomes have high levels of picroside I and II, which were identified as main constituents with anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. In our study, we used picroside I and II as the lead compounds to generate derivatives by reactions with Boc-valine or Boc-proline, which underwent dehydration and condensation with the hydroxyl groups in the lead compounds in the presence of coupling reagent N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. We synthesized 11 derivatives and examined their hepatoprotective effects in vitro by assessing the proliferation rates of H2 O2 -exposed HepG2 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. We found that some derivatives promoted higher proliferation rates in HepG2 cells than the natural compounds before derivatization, suggesting that those derivatives possessed an improved hepatoprotective capacity. The novel derivatization strategy for picrosides had the additional benefit that the esterification of their hydroxyl groups created derivatives not only with increased stability but also with improved pharmacokinetic properties and potentially prolonged half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- PeiLiang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - ZhenLei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - ZhengQing Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hua Han
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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23
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zeng J, Guo Y. A comprehensive review of natural products to fight liver fibrosis: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and other compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173578. [PMID: 32976828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of drugs to treat liver fibrosis has long been a challenge over the past decades due to its complicated pathogenesis. As a primary approach for drug development, natural products account for 30% of clinical drugs used for disease treatment. Therefore, natural products are increasingly important for their medicinal value in liver fibrosis therapy. In this part of the review, special focus is placed on the effect and mechanism of natural compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and others. A total of 36 kinds of natural compounds demonstrate significant antifibrotic effects in various liver fibrosis models in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. Revealing the mechanism will provide further basis for clinical conversion, as well as accelerate drug discovery. The mechanism was further summarized with the finding of network regulation by several natural products, such as oxymatrine, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1 and taurine. Moreover, there are still improvements needed in investigating clinical efficacy, determining mechanisms, and combining applications, as well as semisynthesis and modification. Therefore, natural products area promising resource for agents that protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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24
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Luan F, He X, Zeng N. Tetrandrine: a review of its anticancer potentials, clinical settings, pharmacokinetics and drug delivery systems. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1491-1512. [PMID: 32696989 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tetrandrine, a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, possesses promising anticancer activities on diverse tumours. This review provides systematically organized information on cancers of tetrandrine in vivo and in vitro, discuss the related molecular mechanisms and put forward some new insights for the future investigations. KEY FINDINGS Anticancer activities of tetrandrine have been reported comprehensively, including lung cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer and liver cancer. The potential molecular mechanisms corresponding to the anticancer activities of tetrandrine might be related to induce cancer cell apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, ameliorate metastasis and suppress tumour cell growth. Pharmaceutical applications of tetrandrine combined with nanoparticle delivery system including liposomes, microspheres and nanoparticles with better therapeutic efficiency have been designed and applied encapsulate tetrandrine to enhance its stability and efficacy in cancer treatment. SUMMARY Tetrandrine was proven to have definite antitumour activities. However, the safety, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameter studies on tetrandrine are very limited in animal models, especially in clinical settings. Our present review on anticancer potentials of tetrandrine would be necessary and highly beneficial for providing guidelines and directions for further research of tetrandrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Silva CM, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Malaspina O, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of silymarin on the transdifferentiation processes of LX-2 cells and its connection with lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:129-142. [PMID: 32185674 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis process in the liver is a clinical condition established in response to chronic lesions and may be reversible in many situations. In this process, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activate and produce extracellular matrix compounds. During fibrosis, the lipid metabolism is also altered and contributes to the transdifferentiation of the HSCs. Thus, controlling lipid metabolism in HSCs is suggested as a method to control or reverse the fibrotic condition. In the search for therapies that modulate lipid metabolism and treat liver diseases, silymarin has been identified as a relevant natural compound to treat liver pathologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of silymarin in the transdifferentiation process of HSCs (LX-2) from activated phenotype to a more quiesced-like cells , also focusing on understanding the modulatory effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism of HSCs. In our analyses, 100 µM of silymarin reduced the synthesis of actin filaments in activated cells, the synthesis of the protein level of α-SMA, and other pro-fibrotic factors such as CTGF and PFGF. The concentration of 150 µM silymarin did not reverse the activation aspects of LX-2 cells. However, both evaluated concentrations of the natural compound protected the cells from the negative effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, we evaluated lipid-related molecules correlated to the transdifferentiation process of LX-2, and 100 µM of silymarin demonstrated to control molecules associated with lipid metabolism such as FASN, MLYCD, ACSL4, CPTs, among others. In contrast, cellular incubation with 150 µM of silymarin increased the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides, regarding the higher presence of DMSO (v/v) in the solvent. In conclusion, silymarin acts as a hepatoprotective agent and modulates the pro-fibrogenic stimuli of LX-2 cells, whose effects depend on stress levels in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mateus Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioquímica E Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Departamento de Física E Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
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26
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Bai J, Kwok WC, Thiery JP. Traditional Chinese Medicine and regulatory roles on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Chin Med 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31558913 PMCID: PMC6755703 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical biological process allowing epithelial cells to de-differentiate into mesenchymal cells. Orchestrated signaling pathways cooperatively induce EMT and effect physiological, sometimes pathological outcomes. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been clinically prescribed for thousands of years and recent studies have found that TCM therapies can participate in EMT regulation. In this review, the historical discovery of EMT will be introduced, followed by a brief overview of its major roles in development and diseases. The second section will focus on EMT in organ fibrosis and tissue regeneration. The third section discusses EMT-induced cancer metastasis, and details how EMT contribute to distant dissemination. Finally, new EMT players are described, namely microRNA, epigenetic modifications, and alternative splicing. TCM drugs that affect EMT proven through an evidence-based research approach will be presented in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Wee Chiew Kwok
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health, Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Shan L, Liu Z, Ci L, Shuai C, Lv X, Li J. Research progress on the anti-hepatic fibrosis action and mechanism of natural products. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105765. [PMID: 31336335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the most common pathological feature of most chronic liver diseases, and its continuous deterioration gradually develops into liver cirrhosis and eventually leads to liver cancer. At present, there are many kinds of drugs used to treat liver fibrosis. However, Western drugs tend to only target single genes/proteins and induce many adverse reactions. Most of the mechanisms and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are not clear, and there is a lack of unified diagnosis and treatment standards. Natural products, which are characterized by structural diversity, low toxicity, and origination from a wide range of sources, have unique advantages and great potential in anti-liver fibrosis. This article summarizes the work done over the previous decade, on the active ingredients in natural products that are reported to have anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. The effective anti-hepatic fibrosis ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides and alkaloids. Mechanisms of anti-liver fibrosis include inhibition of liver inflammation, anti-lipid peroxidation injury, inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), modulation of the synthesis and secretion of pro-fibrosis factors, and regulation of the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review provides suggestions for the development of anti-hepatic fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenni Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Leilei Ci
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Shuai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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28
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Liu XJ, Zhang CE, Yu XH, Liu RX, Qin XM, Jia JD, Ma ZJ. Serum metabonomics characterization of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct-ligated in rats and the intervention effects of herb compound 861. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1574815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xia Liu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
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29
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Abd El-Aal NF, Abdelbary EH. Paeoniflorin in experimental BALB/c mansoniasis: A novel anti-angiogenic therapy. Exp Parasitol 2018; 197:85-92. [PMID: 30414842 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatic schistosomiasis causes portal hypertension, fibrosis and lethal hepatosplenic complications. Previous studies focused mainly on schistosomicidal drugs and neglected the therapeutic approaches against the vascular complications after portal hypertension. Investigating a novel anti-angiogenic therapy is an urgent. The current study is to evaluate the performance of Paeoniflorin (PAE) as an anti-angiogenic therapy, being a powerful anti-fibrotic, compared to artemether (ART) and praziqantel (PZQ) in schistosomiasis mansoni BALB/c mice. Thirty two laboratory bred male BALB/c Swiss albino mice. The mice were classified into four groups (8 mice each), control infected (CI), PZQ (300 mg/kg/12 h), ART (0.1 ml/mg/d) and PAE (50 mg/kg/d) treated groups for one month. All mice groups were sacrificed 15 weeks post infection for assessment of the drugs' efficacy by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Our results in PAE group showed marked reduction in the mean egg count/gram stool, worm burden, egg count/gram liver tissue, granuloma diameter and pro-angiogenic factors as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD34; conversely, there was an augmentation of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) as an anti-angiogenic expression that was exceeded ART and PZQ treated groups compared to CI group (p˂0.001). Conclusively, PAE has an anti-angiogenic impact with no vascular proliferative activity or recanalization, no micro-vessel density (MVD) changes, granuloma resolution and fibrosis regression. PAE is predicted to be a potential therapy for chronic hepatic diseases associated with fibrosis and angiogenesis, hopeful in protecting from advanced serious complications; cancer and metastasis.
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30
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Zhang Y, Sun Q, Li X, Ma X, Li Y, Jiao Z, Yang XD. Apigenin suppresses mouse peritoneal fibrosis by down-regulating miR34a expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:373-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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31
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Chen SR, Li F, Ding MY, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Zhou GC, Wang Y. Andrographolide derivative as STAT3 inhibitor that protects acute liver damage in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5053-5061. [PMID: 30228000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway contributed to the progression of cancer and liver diseases. STAT3 signaling inhibitor has been extensively investigated for pharmacological use. We synthesized a series of andrographolide derivatives, and characterized their activity against STAT3 signaling pathway both in vitro and in the CCl4-induced acute liver damage mice model. Among these derivatives, compound 24 effectively inhibited phosphorylation and dimerization of STAT3 but not its DNA binding activity. Compound 24 significantly ameliorated carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in vivo without changing mice body weight. Treatment with 24 attenuated hepatic pathologic damage and promoted hepatic proliferation and activation of STAT3. Compound 24 inhibited elevated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines downstream of STAT3 but not those factors that are regulated by NF-κB or SMADs. In summary, our results suggest that compound 24 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatic damage or a liver protection agent via regulating STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Mo-Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guo-Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China.
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32
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Peng J. The Pharmacological Targets and Clinical Evidence of Natural Products With Anti-hepatic Inflammatory Properties. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:455. [PMID: 29922155 PMCID: PMC5996099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes heavily to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation is probably a promising target for treatment of liver diseases. The natural products are considered as the potential source of new drug discovery and their pharmacological effects on hepatic inflammation have been widely reported. In this review, the natural products with anti-hepatic inflammatory properties are summarized based on their pharmacological effects and mechanisms, which are related to the suppression on the inflammation mediators including cytokines and chemokines, pattern recognition receptors, the activated transcriptional factors, and the potential regulatory factors. The clinical evidence is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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El-Lakkany NM, El-Maadawy WH, Seif El-Din SH, Saleh S, Safar MM, Ezzat SM, Mohamed SH, Botros SS, Demerdash Z, Hammam OA. Antifibrotic effects of gallic acid on hepatic stellate cells: In vitro and in vivo mechanistic study. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:45-53. [PMID: 30671365 PMCID: PMC6335492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies reported the antifibrotic effects of gallic acid (GA) despite its known hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities. Accordingly, this study investigated the antifibrotic effects of GA through clarifying its mechanisms on hepatic stellate cells' (HSCs) activation, proliferation and/or apoptosis. In vitro effects of GA on HSC-T6 activation/proliferation, morphology and safety on hepatocytes were assessed. In vivo, hepatic fibrosis was induced via chronic thioacetamide (TAA)-intoxication. TAA-intoxicated rats were treated with silyamrin or GA. At end of experiment, liver functions, hepatic MDA, GSH, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and hydroxyproline were determined. Histological analysis and Sirius red staining of hepatic sections, expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 were examined. In vitro, GA resulted in a concentration and time-dependent inhibition in HSCs activation, proliferation (IC50= 45 and 19 μg/mL at 24 and 48 h respectively); restored the quiescent morphology of some activated HSCs plus its safety on hepatocytes. In vivo, GA reduced ALT, AST, MDA, PDGF-BB levels, collagen deposition and fibrosis score (S1 vs S4); increased caspase-3 expression and restored GSH stores, TGF-β1 level, α-SMA and PCNA expressions. In conclusion, GA counteracted the progression of hepatic fibrosis through reduction of HSCs proliferation/activation mutually with their apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Walaa H El-Maadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed H Seif El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Samira Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Suez Desert Road, P.O. Box 43, ElSherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Salwa H Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S Botros
- Department of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Demerdash
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
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Anuja GI, Shine VJ, Latha PG, Suja SR. Protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Drynaria quercifolia against CCl 4 induced rat liver fibrosis via Nrf2/ARE and NFκB signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:79-88. [PMID: 29174446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Drynaria quercifolia rhizome is traditionally used as hepatoprotective drug especially in chronic jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the efficacy of D. quercifolia rhizome against liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS D. quercifolia rhizome crude extract (DQ) and its fractions of hexane (HDQ), ethyl acetate (EDQ), butanol (BDQ) were evaluated in vitro using primary hepatocytes and RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ was assessed using CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats and serum biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, SB, cholesterol), MDA, PT, INR, GSH, SOD, CAT, liver glycogen, serum albumin levels were monitored. qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS were performed. ELISA method was used to estimate TNF-α, COX-1 & 2. Histopathological studies like H & E, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry staining for α-SMA, TIMP-1, Nrf2 were conducted. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ was conducted. RESULTS In vitro activity guided fractionation of D. quercifolia revealed EDQ as active fraction when compared to other extracts. EDQ treatment significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA, TIMP-1, COX-2, TNF-α, iNOS and increased the levels of Nrf2 in rat liver fibrosis. LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of EDQ confirmed the presence of naringin and naringenin. CONCLUSION The anti-liver fibrotic activity of EDQ is via inhibition of NFκB signalling pathway, antioxidant response through Nrf2 activation and further inhibition of HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Anuja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India.
| | - V J Shine
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - P G Latha
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
| | - S R Suja
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695562, Kerela, India
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Chen YY, Tsai CF, Tsai MC, Chen WK, Hsu YW, Lu FJ. Anti-fibrotic effect of rosmarinic acid on inhibition of pterygium epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:189-195. [PMID: 29487805 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-fibrosis effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) to determine if RA is a potent agent for treating pterygium. METHODS The PECs (1×104 cells/mL) were treated with 100 µmol/L of RA for 1, 3 and 6h. After RA treatment, the cell viability was determined by staining with acridine orange/DAPI and analysis via a NucleoCounter NC-3000. The protein expression levels of type I collagen, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII), p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 of the cell lysates were measured by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The cell viability of PECs was significantly decreased after RA treatment (P<0.01). As the result, RA reduced the protein expression of type I collagen and TGF-β1 of PECs. Additionally, RA also inhibited TGF-β1/Smad signaling by decreasing the protein expressions of TGF-βRII, p-Smad1/5, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4. CONCLUSION This study demonstrate that RA could inhibit fibrosis of PECs by down-regulating type I collagen expression and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Therefore, RA is a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, China.,Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, TransWorld University, Douliu City 64063, Taiwan, China
| | - Ming-Chu Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, TransWorld University, Douliu City 64063, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Kang Chen
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan City 70043, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Wen Hsu
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, China
| | - Fung-Jou Lu
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan, China
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Wu X, Zhi F, Lun W, Deng Q, Zhang W. Baicalin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced hepatic stellate cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and activation via the miR-3595/ACSL4 axis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1992-2002. [PMID: 29393361 PMCID: PMC5810201 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a physiological response to liver injury that includes a range of cell types. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis currently focuses on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation into muscle fiber cells and fibroblasts. Baicalin is a flavone glycoside. It is the glucuronide of baicalein, which is extracted from the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Previous work focused on the anti-viral, -inflammatory and -tumor properties of baicalin. However, the potential anti-fibrotic effects and mechanisms of baicalin are not known. The present study demonstrated that baicalin influenced the activation, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced activated HSC-T6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of baicalin, a one-color micro (mi)RNA array and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were used. Results demonstrated that baicalin increased the expression of the miRNA, miR-3595. In addition, the inhibition of miR-3595 substantially reversed the anti-fibrotic effect of baicalin. The present data also suggested that miR-3595 negatively regulates the long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4). Furthermore, ACSL4 acted in a baicalin-dependent manner to exhibit anti-fibrotic effects. Taken together, it was concluded that baicalin induces miR-3595 expression that modulates the expression levels of ACSL4. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that baicalin induces overexpression of human miR-3595, and subsequently decreases the expression of ACSL4, resulting in an anti-fibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Weijian Lun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Zeng JK, Li YY, Wang TM, Zhong J, Wu JS, Liu P, Zhang H, Ma YM. Simultaneous quantification of multiple components in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Huangqi decoction. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4178. [PMID: 29243282 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and accurate UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of components of Huangqi decoction (HQD), such as calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, calycosin-glucuronide, liquiritin, formononetin-glucuronide, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, ononin, calycosin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin, glycyrrhizic acid, astragaloside IV, cycloastragenol, and glycyrrhetinic acid, in rat plasma. After plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was performed with a C18 column, using a gradient of methanol and 0.05% acetic acid containing 4mm ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring scanning was performed to quantify the analytes, and the electrospray ion source polarity was switched between positive and negative modes in a single run of 10 min. Method validation showed that specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability for 14 components met the requirements for their quantitation in biological samples. The established method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of multiple components in rats after intragastric administration of HQD. The results clarified the pharmacokinetic characteristics of multiple components found in HQD. This research provides useful information for understanding the relation between the chemical components of HQD and their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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38
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Abd El-Aal NF, Hamza RS, Harb O. Paeoniflorin targets apoptosis and ameliorates fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis mansoni : A novel insight. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Dalal KK, Holdbrook T, Peikin SR. Ayurvedic drug induced liver injury. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1205-1209. [PMID: 29152040 PMCID: PMC5680208 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i31.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug induced liver injury is responsible for 50% of acute liver failure in developed countries. Ayurvedic and homeopathic medicine have been linked to liver injury. This case describes the first documented case of Punarnava mandur and Kanchnar guggulu causing drug induced liver injury. Drug induced liver injury may be difficult to diagnosis, but use of multi-modalities tools including the ACG algorithms, causative assessment scales, histological findings, and imaging, is recommended. Advanced imaging, such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, may possibly have a greater role than previously reported in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal K Dalal
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - Thomas Holdbrook
- Department of Pathology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - Steven R Peikin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Ramos LF, Moraes KCM. Molecular interplays in hepatic stellate cells: apoptosis, senescence, and phenotype reversion as cellular connections that modulate liver fibrosis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:946-959. [PMID: 28498509 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathophysiological process correlated with intense repair and cicatrization mechanisms in injured liver, and over the past few years, the characterization of the fine-tuning of molecular interconnections that support the development of liver fibrosis has been investigated. In this cellular process, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) support the organ fibrogenesis. The HSCs are found in two distinct morpho-physiological states: quiescent and activated. In normal liver, most HSCs are found in quiescent state, presenting a considerable amount of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, while in injured liver, the activated phenotype of HSCs is a myofibroblast, that secrete extracellular matrix elements and contribute to the establishment of the fibrotic process. Studies on the molecular mechanisms by which HSCs try to restore their quiescent state have been performed; however, no effective treatment to reverse fibrosis has been so far prescribed. Therefore, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, senescence, and the cell reversion phenotype process from activate to quiescent state will certainly contribute to the development of effective therapies to treat hepatic fibrosis. In this context, this review aimed to address central elements of apoptosis, senescence, and reversal of HSC phenotype in the control of hepatic fibrogenesis, as a guide to future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferrreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-Campus Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Hussein J, El-Banna M, Mahmoud KF, Morsy S, Abdel Latif Y, Medhat D, Refaat E, Farrag AR, El-Daly SM. The therapeutic effect of nano-encapsulated and nano-emulsion forms of carvacrol on experimental liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:880-887. [PMID: 28437891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficiency of nano-encapsulated and nano-emulsion carvacrol administration on liver injury in thioacetamide (TAA) treated rats. METHODS To fulfill our target, we used sixty male albino rats classified into six groups as follow: control, nano-encapsulated carvacrol, nano-emulsion carvacrol, thioacetamide, treated nano-encapsulated carvacrol and treated nano-emulsion carvacrol groups. Blood samples were collected from all groups and the separated serum was used for analysis of the following biochemical parameters; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), S100 B protein, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and caspase-3. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and hydroxyproline content were all evaluated in liver tissue homogenate. Histopathological examinations for liver tissues were also performed. RESULTS Thioacetamide induced hepatic damage in rats as revealed by the significant increase in the levels of serum ALT, AST and produced oxidative stress as displayed by the significant elevation in the levels of hepatic MDA and NO concomitant with a significant decrease in GSH. In addition, thioacetamide significantly increased serum S100B protein, alpha fetoprotein and caspase-3 along with hepatic MCP-1 and hydroxyproline; these results were confirmed by the histopathological investigation. In contrast, nano-encapsulated and nano-emulsion carvacrol were able to ameliorate these negative changes in the thioacetamide injected rats. However, the effect of the nano-encapsulated form of carvacrol was more prominent than the nano-emulsion form. CONCLUSION Nano-encapsulated and nano-emulsion carvacrol can ameliorate thioacetamide induced liver injury. These results could be attributed to the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities of carvacrol in addition to the effectiveness of the encapsulation technique that can protect carvacrol structure and increase its efficiency and stability. Moreover, nano-encapsulation of carvacrol is more efficient than nano-emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Mona El-Banna
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Khaled F Mahmoud
- Technology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa Morsy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Yasmin Abdel Latif
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | - Eman Refaat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1)
| | | | - Sherien M El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt(1).
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Xi S, Shi M, Jiang X, Minuk GY, Cheng Y, Peng Y, Gong Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang J, Yue L, Wang Y. The effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu on hepatic necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis in a murine model of chronic liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:28-36. [PMID: 26802785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for centuries in the treatment of Chinese patients with chronic liver disease. Recently, THSWD has been reported to alter vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induced angiogenesis, raising the possibility that in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties; THSWD might also inhibit hepatic blood flow associated fibrosis. AIM To document the effects of THSWD on hepatic necroinflammatory disease activity, fibrosis and VEGF signaling in a murine model of chronic liver disease. METHODS Sixty adult mice were equally divided into six study groups. Five groups were exposed to subcutaneous carbon tetrachloride (0.1 ml/10 g BW) for six weeks. Three of the five groups were treated with different concentrations of THSWD (4.25, 8.50, 17.00 g/kg), one with 0.1mg/kg of Colchicine (positive control), and one with physiologic saline (negative control). Mice in the sixth group were not exposed to CCl4 and remained untreated (healthy controls). Liver enzymes/function tests, hyaluronic acid and laminin levels were measured in serum, and hepatic histology, VEGF, Flt-1 and kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR), Akt and phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) expression were documented in liver tissue at the end of treatment. RESULTS Hepatic necroinflammatory disease activity and fibrosis were significantly attenuated in THSWD treated mice in a dose dependent manner. These beneficial results were similar and often exceeded those achieved with Colchicine. In addition, VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, Akt and pAkt mRNA and protein expression were reduced in TSHWD treated mice. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model of chronic liver disease, THSWD decreased hepatic necroinflammatory disease and fibrosis. Inhibition of VEGF expression and downstream signaling were associated with these findings. Further studies with this and other TCMs as treatment for chronic liver disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Jiang
- Department of Infection, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerald Y Minuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Yangxinzi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Xinrong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Lifeng Yue
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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Xue X, Chen Q, Zhao G, Zhao JY, Duan Z, Zheng PS. The Overexpression of TGF-β and CCN2 in Intrauterine Adhesions Involves the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146159. [PMID: 26719893 PMCID: PMC4697802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are a significant cause of menstrual disturbance and infertility, but their pathogenesis still remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of TGF-β and CCN2 in IUA endometrial tissue by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and qRT-PCR assays, and found the expression of TGF-β and CCN2 in the endometrial tissue of IUA was significantly increased compared to normal endometrium and uterine septum (P<0.01), suggesting that TGF-β and CCN2 may play an important role in the formation of IUA. Moreover, the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway in endometrial tissue of IUA was also significantly enhanced compared to normal endometrial and uterine septum (P<0.01) and positively correlated with the expression of TGF-β and CCN2, which suggested that TGF-β and CCN2 expression may be involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway using SN50 resulted in the reduced expression of TGF-β in RL95-2 cells, which confirmed the association of the NF-κB signaling pathway and TGF-β in endometrial cells. Additionally, the expression of TGF-β and CCN2 was associated with IUA recurrence, which provides a potential prognostic indictor for IUA. Together, these results demonstrated that TGF-β and CCN2 play an important role in IUA formation, whose mechanism was associated with the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Duan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi’an, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Solid-State Characterization and Biological Activity of Betulonic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219876 and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ledeţi I, Avram Ş, Bercean V, Vlase G, Vlase T, Ledeţi A, Zupko I, Mioc M, Şuta LM, Şoica C, Dehelean C. Solid-State Characterization and Biological Activity of Betulonic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2015; 20:22691-702. [PMID: 26694347 PMCID: PMC6332361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulonic acid belongs to the pentacyclic triterpenic derivative class and can be obtained through the selective oxidation of betulin. In this study we set obtaining several functionalized derivatives of this compound by its condensation with several amino compounds such as aminoguanidine, hydroxylamine, n-butylamine and thiosemicarbazide as our goal. The functionalization of the parent compound led to several molecules with antiproliferative potential, the most promising being 3-2-carbamothioylhydrazonolup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuţ Ledeţi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Ştefana Avram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Vasile Bercean
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timişoara, 6 Carol Telbisz, 300001 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Gabriela Vlase
- Research Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 300115 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Titus Vlase
- Research Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems, West University of Timişoara, 300115 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Adriana Ledeţi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Istvan Zupko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6 Eotvos Str., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Lenuţa-Maria Şuta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Codruţa Şoica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
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Chrysin attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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