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Lasa-Aranzasti A, Larasati YA, da Silva Cardoso J, Solis GP, Koval A, Cazurro-Gutiérrez A, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Miranda MC, De la Casa-Fages B, Moreno-Galdó A, Tizzano EF, Gómez-Andrés D, Verdura E, Katanaev VL, Pérez-Dueñas B. Clinical and Molecular Profiling in GNAO1 Permits Phenotype-Genotype Correlation. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38881224 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in GNAO1, the gene encoding the major neuronal G-protein Gαo, are related to neurodevelopmental disorders, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of how molecular mechanisms explain the different phenotypes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the clinical phenotype and the molecular characterization of GNAO1-related disorders. METHODS Patients were recruited in collaboration with the Spanish GNAO1 Association. For patient phenotyping, direct clinical evaluation, analysis of homemade-videos, and an online questionnaire completed by families were analyzed. We studied Gαo cellular expression, the interactions of the partner proteins, and binding to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RESULTS Eighteen patients with GNAO1 genetic defects had a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, epilepsy, central hypotonia, and movement disorders. Eleven patients showed neurological deterioration, recurrent hyperkinetic crisis with partial recovery, and secondary complications leading to death in three cases. Deep brain stimulation improved hyperkinetic crisis, but had inconsistent benefits in dystonia. The molecular defects caused by pathogenic Gαo were aberrant GTP binding and hydrolysis activities, an inability to interact with cellular binding partners, and reduced coupling to GPCRs. Decreased localization of Gαo in the plasma membrane was correlated with the phenotype of "developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17." We observed a genotype-phenotype correlation, pathogenic variants in position 203 were related to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, whereas those in position 209 were related to neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements. Milder phenotypes were associated with other molecular defects such as del.16q12.2q21 and I344del. CONCLUSION We highlight the complexity of the motor phenotype, which is characterized by fluctuations throughout the day, and hyperkinetic crisis with a distinct post-hyperkinetic crisis state. We confirm a molecular-based genotype-phenotype correlation for specific variants. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Paris, France
| | - Yonika A Larasati
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliana da Silva Cardoso
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Serviço de Pediatria do Centro Materno infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Koval
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cazurro-Gutiérrez
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- U-703 Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Concepción Miranda
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz De la Casa-Fages
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno-Galdó
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Rare diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo F Tizzano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Paris, France
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Vall Hebron University Hospital Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Rare diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Bae HG, Wu WC, Nip K, Gould E, Kim JH. Scn2a deletion disrupts oligodendroglia function: Implication for myelination, neural circuitry, and auditory hypersensitivity in ASD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589242. [PMID: 38659965 PMCID: PMC11042360 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a complex etiology, with genetic determinants significantly influencing its manifestation. Among these, the Scn2a gene emerges as a pivotal player, crucially involved in both glial and neuronal functionality. This study elucidates the underexplored roles of Scn2a in oligodendrocytes, and its subsequent impact on myelination and auditory neural processes. The results reveal a nuanced interplay between oligodendrocytes and axons, where Scn2a deletion causes alterations in the intricate process of myelination. This disruption, in turn, instigates changes in axonal properties and neuronal activities at the single cell level. Furthermore, oligodendrocyte-specific Scn2a deletion compromises the integrity of neural circuitry within auditory pathways, leading to auditory hypersensitivity-a common sensory abnormality observed in ASD. Through transcriptional profiling, we identified alterations in the expression of myelin-associated genes, highlighting the cellular consequences engendered by Scn2a deletion. In summary, the findings provide unprecedented insights into the pathway from Scn2a deletion in oligodendrocytes to sensory abnormalities in ASD, underscoring the integral role of Scn2a -mediated myelination in auditory responses. This research thereby provides novel insights into the intricate tapestry of genetic and cellular interactions inherent in ASD.
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Decraene B, Smeets S, Remans D, Ortibus E, Vandenberghe W, Nuttin B, Theys T, De Vloo P. Deep Brain Stimulation for GNAO1-Associated Dystonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:440-446. [PMID: 37999699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.10.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha-activating activity polypeptide O (GNAO1) syndrome, a rare congenital monogenetic disorder, is characterized by a neurodevelopmental syndrome and the presence of dystonia. Dystonia can be very pronounced and even lead to a life-threatening status dystonicus. In a small number of pharmaco-refractory cases, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been attempted to reduce dystonia. In this study, we summarize the current literature on outcome, safety, and outcome predictors of DBS for GNAO1-associated dystonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on individual patient data. We included 18 studies describing 28 unique patients. RESULTS The mean age of onset of symptoms was 2.4 years (SD 3.8); 16 of 28 patients were male, and dystonia was nearly always generalized (20/22 patients). Symptoms were present before DBS for a median duration of 19.5 months, although highly variable, occurring between 3 and 168 months. The exact phenotype, genotype, and radiologic abnormalities varied and seemed to be of little importance in terms of DBS outcome. All studies described an improvement in dystonia. Our meta-analysis focused on pallidal DBS and found an absolute and relative improvement in Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) of 32.5 points (37.9%; motor part; p = 0.001) and 5.8 points (21.5%; disability part; p = 0.043) at last follow-up compared with preoperative state; 80% of patients were considered responders (BFMDRS-M reduction by ≥25%). Although worsening over time does occur, an improvement was still observed in patients after >10 years. All reported cases of status dystonicus resolved after DBS surgery. Skin erosion and infection were observed in 18% of patients. CONCLUSION Pallidal DBS can be efficacious and safe in GNAO1-associated dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Decraene
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sara Smeets
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Remans
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Child Youth Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Parkinson Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nuttin
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Theys
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Vloo
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kožić M, Bertoša B. Trajectory maps: molecular dynamics visualization and analysis. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqad114. [PMID: 38226394 PMCID: PMC10789246 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations generate trajectories that depict system's evolution in time and are analyzed visually and quantitatively. Commonly conducted analyses include RMSD, Rgyr, RMSF, and more. However, those methods are all limited by their strictly statistical nature. Here we present trajectory maps, a novel method to analyze and visualize protein simulation courses intuitively and conclusively. By plotting protein's backbone movements during the simulation as a heatmap, trajectory maps provide new tools to directly visualize protein behavior over time, compare multiple simulations, and complement established methods. A user-friendly Python application developed for this purpose is presented, alongside detailed documentation for easy usage and implementation. The method's validation is demonstrated on three case studies. Considering its benefits, trajectory maps are expected to adopt broad application in obtaining and communicating meaningful results of protein molecular dynamics simulations in many associated fields such as biochemistry, structural biology, pharmaceutical research etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Kožić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Bertoša
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Baris RO, Sahin N, Bilgic AD, Ozdemir C, Edgunlu TG. Molecular and in silico analyses of SYN III gene variants in autism spectrum disorder. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2887-2895. [PMID: 37166614 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defects in neurotransmission and synaptogenesis are noteworthy in the pathogenesis of ASD. Synapsin III (SYN III) is defined as a synaptic vesicle protein that plays an important role in synaptogenesis and regulation of neurotransmitter release and neurite outgrowth. Therefore, SYN III may associate with many neurodevelopmental diseases, including ASD. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SYN III gene -631 C > G (rs133946) and -196 G > A (rs133945) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to ASD. METHODS SYN III variants and the risk of ASD were investigated in 26 healthy children and 24 ASD children. SYN III gene variants were genotyped by PCR-RFLP methods. The differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the ASD and control groups were calculated using the chi-square (χ2). We analysed the SYN III gene using web-based tools. RESULTS Our results suggest that the presence of the AA genotype of the SYN III -196 G > A (rs133945) polymorphism affects the characteristics and development of ASD in children (p = 0.012). SYN III -631 C > G (rs133946) polymorphism was not associated with ASD (p = 0.524). We have shown the prediction of gene-gene interaction that SYN III is co-expressed with 17 genes, physical interaction with 3 genes, and co-localization with 12 genes. The importance of different genes (SYN I, II, III, GABRD, NOS1AP, GNAO1) for ASD pathogenesis was revealed by GO analysis. CONCLUSION Considering the role of SYN III and related genes, especially in the synaptic vesicle pathway and neurotransmission, its effect on ASD can be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remzi Oguz Baris
- Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Diseases School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Demirtas Bilgic
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences Institution, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Cilem Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences Institution, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Gokdogan Edgunlu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, 48000, Turkey
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Domínguez-Carral J, Ludlam WG, Segarra MJ, Marti MF, Balsells S, Muchart J, Petrović DČ, Espinoza I, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Martemyanov KA. Severity of GNAO1-Related Disorder Correlates with Changes in G-Protein Function. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:987-1004. [PMID: 37548038 PMCID: PMC10681096 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GNAO1-related disorders (OMIM #615473 and #617493), caused by variants in the GNAO1 gene, are characterized by developmental delay or intellectual disability, hypotonia, movement disorders, and epilepsy. Neither a genotype-phenotype correlation nor a clear severity score have been established for this disorder. The objective of this prospective and retrospective observational study was to develop a severity score for GNAO1-related disorders, and to delineate the correlation between the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical severity. METHODS A total of 16 individuals with GNAO1-related disorders harboring 12 distinct missense variants, including four novel variants (p.K46R, p.T48I, p.R209P, and p.L235P), were examined with repeated clinical assessments, video-electroencephalogram monitoring, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular pathology of each variant was delineated using a molecular deconvoluting platform. RESULTS The patients displayed a wide variability in the severity of their symptoms. This heterogeneity was well represented in the GNAO1-related disorders severity score, with a broad range of results. Patients with the same variant had comparable severity scores, indicating that differences in disease profiles are not due to interpatient variability, but rather, to unique disease mechanisms. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between clinical severity scores and molecular mechanisms. INTERPRETATION The clinical score proposed here provides further insight into the correlation between pathophysiology and phenotypic severity in GNAO1-related disorders. We found that each variant has a unique profile of clinical phenotypes and pathological molecular mechanisms. These findings will contribute to better understanding GNAO1-related disorders. Additionally, the severity score will facilitate standardization of patients categorization and assessment of response to therapies in development. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:987-1004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Domínguez-Carral
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Child Neurology, Institut de
Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Grant Ludlam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF
Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida,
Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Sol Balsells
- Department of Statistics Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de
Déu Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hospital Sant Joan de
Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Iván Espinoza
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Nacional Cayetano
Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Juan Dario Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Child Neurology,
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases
(CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological
Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kirill A. Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF
Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida,
Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Gambardella ML, Pede E, Orazi L, Leone S, Quintiliani M, Amorelli GM, Petrianni M, Galanti M, Amore F, Musto E, Perulli M, Contaldo I, Veredice C, Mercuri EM, Battaglia DI, Ricci D. Visual Function in Children with GNAO1-Related Encephalopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030544. [PMID: 36980817 PMCID: PMC10047968 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: GNAO1-related encephalopathies include a broad spectrum of developmental disorders caused by de novo heterozygous mutations in the GNAO1 gene, encoding the G (o) subunit α of G-proteins. These conditions are characterized by epilepsy, movement disorders and developmental impairment, in combination or as isolated features. Objective: This study aimed at describing the profile of neurovisual competences in children with GNAO1 deficiency to better characterize the phenotype of the disease spectrum. Methods: Four male and three female patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis underwent neurological examination, visual function assessment, and neurovisual and ophthalmological evaluation. Present clinical history of epilepsy and movement disorders, and neuroimaging findings were also evaluated. Results: The assessment revealed two trends in visual development. Some aspects of visual function, such as discrimination and perception of distance, depth and volume, appeared to be impaired at all ages, with no sign of improvement. Other aspects, reliant on temporal lobe competences (ventral stream) and more related to object–face exploration, recognition and environmental control, appeared to be preserved and improved with age. Significance: Visual function is often impaired, with patterns of visual impairment affecting the ventral stream less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Gambardella
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Pede
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orazi
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Leone
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Quintiliani
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Amorelli
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Petrianni
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Galanti
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Amore
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Musto
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Perulli
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Veredice
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maria Mercuri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Ricci
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia ONLUS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Bobylova MY, Volkov IV, Gumennik EV, Rachmanina OA, Abramov MO, Volkova OK, Bayborina TS, Petrukhin AS. [Encephalopathy GNAO1]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:122-130. [PMID: 36719128 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical picture of all patients with GNAO1 encephalopathy detected in the Russian Federation. This publication is a multicenter study combining data from epileptological centers in Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nine patients were included, aged 2 to 19 years, with 4 mutations. Male to female sex ratio = 5:4. RESULTS 8 patients (5 with mutation c.607G>A (p.Gly203Arg), 1 - c.155A>G (Gln52Arg), 1 - c.485G>A (p.Arg162Gln)) had a variant of epileptic encephalopathy, developmental encephalopathy, 1 patient had torsion dystonia without epilepsy (mutation c.713A>G (p.Asp238Gly)). Epileptic seizures in 8 children with epileptic encephalopathy GNAO1 in 100% debuted at 1 month of life, becoming the earliest symptom of the disease. Motor development delayed in 100% of cases. Mental development was not affected only in the case of the dystonic variant. Hyperkinesis (dystonia, choreoathetosis, ballism) followed later, from 2 to 8 months. They were more severe than epilepsy. 4 patients with the c.607G>A (p.Gly203Arg) mutation developed repeated dystonic storms that were resistant to most drugs. CONCLUSION Epilepsy in GNAO1 is difficult to treat, but temporary or complete remission is possible. Effective drug strategies for the treatment of hyperkinesis have not yet been developed. Expansion of indications for surgical therapy (DBS) of hyperkinesis in this syndrome is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu Bobylova
- LLC «Svt.Luca's Institute of Child and Adult Neurology and Epilepsy», Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E V Gumennik
- Clinic of Pediatric Neurology and Epileptology EpiJay, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - M O Abramov
- LLC «Svt.Luca's Institute of Child and Adult Neurology and Epilepsy», Moscow, Russia
| | | | - T S Bayborina
- Children's City Clinical Hospital of emergency medical care, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Petrukhin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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JoJo Yang QZ, Porter BE, Axeen ET. GNAO1-related neurodevelopmental disorder: Literature review and caregiver survey. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2022; 21:100582. [PMID: 36654732 PMCID: PMC9841045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2022.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GNAO1-related neurodevelopmental disorder is a heterogeneous condition characterized by hypotonia, developmental delay, epilepsy, and movement disorder. This study aims to better understand the spectrum of epilepsy associated with GNAO1 variants and experience with anti-seizure medications, and to review published epilepsy phenotypes in GNAO1. Methods An online survey was distributed to caregivers of individuals diagnosed with GNAO1 pathogenic variants, and a literature review was conducted. Results Fifteen respondents completed the survey with the median age of 39 months, including a novel variant p.Q52P. Nine had epilepsy - six had onset in the first week of life, three in the first year of life - but two reported no ongoing seizures. Seizure types varied. Individuals were taking a median of 3 seizure medications without a single best treatment. Our cohort was compared to a literature review of epilepsy in GNAO1. In 86 cases, 38 discrete variants were described; epilepsy is reported in 53 % cases, and a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in 36 %. Conclusions While GNAO1-related epilepsy is most often early-onset and severe, seizures may not always be drug resistant or lifelong. Experience with anti-seizure medications is varied. Certain variant "hotspots" may correlate with epilepsy phenotype though genotype-phenotype correlation is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Zhou JoJo Yang
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Corresponding author at: 170 Manning Dr, Campus Box 7025, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Erika T Axeen
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, United States
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10
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Silachev D, Koval A, Savitsky M, Padmasola G, Quairiaux C, Thorel F, Katanaev VL. Mouse models characterize GNAO1 encephalopathy as a neurodevelopmental disorder leading to motor anomalies: from a severe G203R to a milder C215Y mutation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35090564 PMCID: PMC8796625 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 encephalopathy characterized by a wide spectrum of neurological deficiencies in pediatric patients originates from de novo heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding Gαo, the major neuronal G protein. Efficient treatments and even the proper understanding of the underlying etiology are currently lacking for this dominant disease. Adequate animal models of GNAO1 encephalopathy are urgently needed. Here we describe establishment and characterization of mouse models of the disease based on two point mutations in GNAO1 with different clinical manifestations. One of them is G203R leading to the early-onset epileptic seizures, motor dysfunction, developmental delay and intellectual disability. The other is C215Y producing much milder clinical outcomes, mostly-late-onset hyperkinetic movement disorder. The resultant mouse models show distinct phenotypes: severe neonatal lethality in GNAO1[G203R]/ + mice vs. normal vitality in GNAO1[C215Y]/ + . The latter model further revealed strong hyperactivity and hyperlocomotion in a panel of behavioral assays, without signs of epilepsy, recapitulating the patients' manifestations. Importantly, despite these differences the two models similarly revealed prenatal brain developmental anomalies, such as enlarged lateral ventricles and decreased numbers of neuronal precursor cells in the cortex. Thus, our work unveils GNAO1 encephalopathy as to a large extent neurodevelopmental malady. We expect that this understanding and the tools we established will be instrumental for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Savitsky
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guru Padmasola
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles Quairiaux
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Transgenesis Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690090, Vladivostok, Russia.
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11
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Da Silva JD, Costa MD, Almeida B, Lopes F, Maciel P, Teixeira-Castro A. Case Report: A Novel GNB1 Mutation Causes Global Developmental Delay With Intellectual Disability and Behavioral Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:735549. [PMID: 34646230 PMCID: PMC8504539 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.735549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of neurodevelopment mostly exhibit neurological and psychiatric symptoms that go from very mild to extremely severe. While the etiology of most cases of neurodevelopmental disease is still unknown, the discovery of underlying genetic causes is rapidly increasing, with hundreds of genes being currently implicated as disease-causing. Here, we report a clinical case of a patient with a previously undiagnosed syndrome comprising severe global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral disorders (such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and recurrent bouts of aggressive behavior). After genetic testing, a pathogenic variant was detected in the GNB1 gene, which codes for the G-protein subunit β1. The detected variant (c.217G>A, p.A73T) has not been previously reported in any of the 58 published cases of GNB1 encephalopathy. However, it localizes to the mutational hotspot in exons 6 and 7 in which 88% of all missense mutations occur. An in silico model predicts that this mutation is likely to disrupt the WD40 domain of the GNB1 protein, which is required for its interaction with other G-proteins and, consequently, for downstream signal transduction. In conclusion, we reported an additional GNB1 encephalopathy patient, bearing a novel mutation, taking another step toward a better understanding of its clinical presentation and prospective development of treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Diogo Da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Pediatrics Department, Hospital of Santa Maria Maior, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Marta Daniela Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fátima Lopes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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12
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Wang D, Dao M, Muntean BS, Giles AC, Martemyanov KA, Grill B. Genetic modeling of GNAO1 disorder delineates mechanisms of Gαo dysfunction. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:510-522. [PMID: 34508586 PMCID: PMC8863422 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 encephalopathy is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a spectrum of symptoms that include dystonic movements, seizures and developmental delay. While numerous GNAO1 mutations are associated with this disorder, the functional consequences of pathological variants are not completely understood. Here, we deployed the invertebrate C. elegans as a whole-animal behavioral model to study the functional effects of GNAO1 disorder-associated mutations. We tested several pathological GNAO1 mutations for effects on locomotor behaviors using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and transgenic overexpression in vivo. We report that all three mutations tested (G42R, G203R and R209C) result in strong loss of function defects when evaluated as homozygous CRISPR alleles. In addition, mutations produced dominant negative effects assessed using both heterozygous CRISPR alleles and transgenic overexpression. Experiments in mice confirmed dominant negative effects of GNAO1 G42R, which impaired numerous motor behaviors. Thus, GNAO1 pathological mutations result in conserved functional outcomes across animal models. Our study further establishes the molecular genetic basis of GNAO1 encephalopathy, and develops a CRISPR-based pipeline for functionally evaluating mutations associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Maria Dao
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Andrew C Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brock Grill
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Yang X, Niu X, Yang Y, Cheng M, Zhang J, Chen J, Yang Z, Zhang Y. Phenotypes of GNAO1 Variants in a Chinese Cohort. Front Neurol 2021; 12:662162. [PMID: 34122306 PMCID: PMC8193119 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.662162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the genotypes and phenotypes of GNAO1 variants in a Chinese cohort. Seven male and four female patients with GNAO1 variants were enrolled, including siblings of brothers. Ten different GNAO1 variants (nine missense and one splicing site) were identified, among which six were novel. All the variants were confirmed to be de novo in peripheral blood DNA. Eight (73%, 8/11) patients had epilepsy; the seizure onset age ranged from 6 h after birth to 4 months (median age, 2.5 months). Focal seizures were observed in all eight patients, epileptic spasms occurred in six (75%, 6/8), tonic spasm in four (50%, 4/8), tonic seizures in two, atypical absence in one, and generalized tonic–clonic seizures in one. Seven patients had multiple seizure types. Eight (73%, 8/11) patients had movement disorders, seven of them having only dystonia, and one having dystonia with choreoathetosis. Varying degrees of developmental delay (DD) were present in all 11 patients. The phenotypes were diagnosed as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) in two (18%) patients, which were further diagnosed as West syndrome. Movement disorders (MD) with developmental delay were diagnosed in two (18%) brothers. EIEE and MD were overlapped in six (55%) patients, among which two were diagnosed with West syndrome, one with Ohtahara syndrome, and the other three with non-specific EIEE. One (9%) patient was diagnosed as DD alone. The onset age of GNAO1-related disorders was early infancy. The phenotypic spectrum of GNAO1 included EIEE, MD with DD, and DD alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Genetic Neonatal-Onset Epilepsies and Developmental/Epileptic Encephalopathies with Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084202. [PMID: 33919646 PMCID: PMC8072943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite expanding next generation sequencing technologies and increasing clinical interest into complex neurologic phenotypes associating epilepsies and developmental/epileptic encephalopathies (DE/EE) with movement disorders (MD), these monogenic conditions have been less extensively investigated in the neonatal period compared to infancy. We reviewed the medical literature in the study period 2000–2020 to report on monogenic conditions characterized by neonatal onset epilepsy and/or DE/EE and development of an MD, and described their electroclinical, genetic and neuroimaging spectra. In accordance with a PRISMA statement, we created a data collection sheet and a protocol specifying inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 28 different genes (from 49 papers) leading to neonatal-onset DE/EE with multiple seizure types, mainly featuring tonic and myoclonic, but also focal motor seizures and a hyperkinetic MD in 89% of conditions, with neonatal onset in 22%, were identified. Neonatal seizure semiology, or MD age of onset, were not always available. The rate of hypokinetic MD was low, and was described from the neonatal period only, with WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) pathogenic variants. The outcome is characterized by high rates of associated neurodevelopmental disorders and microcephaly. Brain MRI findings are either normal or nonspecific in most conditions, but serial imaging can be necessary in order to detect progressive abnormalities. We found high genetic heterogeneity and low numbers of described patients. Neurological phenotypes are complex, reflecting the involvement of genes necessary for early brain development. Future studies should focus on accurate neonatal epileptic phenotyping, and detailed description of semiology and time-course, of the associated MD, especially for the rarest conditions.
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15
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Morrison-Levy N, Borlot F, Jain P, Whitney R. Early-Onset Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies of Infancy: An Overview of the Genetic Basis and Clinical Features. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 116:85-94. [PMID: 33515866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of genetically determined forms of epilepsy has shortened the diagnostic pathway usually experienced by the families of infants diagnosed with early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Genetic causes can be found in up to 80% of infants presenting with early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, often in the context of an uneventful perinatal history and with no clear underlying brain abnormalities. Although current disease-specific therapies remain limited and patient outcomes are often guarded, a genetic diagnosis may lead to early therapeutic intervention using new and/or repurposed therapies. In this review, an overview of epilepsy genetics, the indications for genetic testing in infants, the advantages and limitations of each test, and the challenges and ethical implications of genetic testing are discussed. In addition, the following causative genes associated with early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are discussed in detail: KCNT1, KCNQ2, KCNA2, SCN2A, SCN8A, STXBP1, CDKL5, PIGA, SPTAN1, and GNAO1. The epilepsy phenotypes, comorbidities, electroencephalgraphic findings, neuroimaging findings, and potential targeted therapies for each gene are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felippe Borlot
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Puneet Jain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Whitney
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Ibrahim C, Le Foll B, French L. Transcriptomic Characterization of the Human Insular Cortex and Claustrum. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 31827426 PMCID: PMC6890825 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex has been linked to a multitude of functions. In contrast, the nearby claustrum is a densely connected subcortical region with unclear function. To view the insula-claustrum region from the molecular perspective we analyzed the transcriptomic profile of these areas in six adult and four fetal human brains. We identified marker genes with specific expression and performed transcriptome-wide tests for enrichment of biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. In addition, specific insular and claustral expression of genes pertaining to diseases, addiction, and depression was tested. At the anatomical level, we used brain-wide analyses to determine the specificity of our results and to determine the transcriptomic similarity of the insula-claustrum region. We found UCMA to be the most significantly enriched gene in the insular cortex and confirmed specific expression of NR4A2, NTNG2, and LXN in the claustrum. Furthermore, the insula was found to have enriched expression of genes associated with mood disorders, learning, cardiac muscle contraction, oxygen transport, glutamate and dopamine signaling. Specific expression in the claustrum was enriched for genes pertaining to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe intellectual disability, epileptic encephalopathy, intracellular transport, spine development, and macroautophagy. We tested for enrichment of genes related to addiction and depression, but they were generally not highly specific to the insula-claustrum region. Exceptions include high insular expression of genes linked to cocaine abuse and genes associated with ever smoking in the claustrum. Brain-wide, we find that markers of the adult claustrum are most specifically expressed in the fetal and adult insula. Altogether, our results provide a novel molecular perspective on the unique properties of the insula and claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ibrahim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leon French
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Kelly M, Park M, Mihalek I, Rochtus A, Gramm M, Pérez-Palma E, Axeen ET, Hung CY, Olson H, Swanson L, Anselm I, Briere LC, High FA, Sweetser DA, Kayani S, Snyder M, Calvert S, Scheffer IE, Yang E, Waugh JL, Lal D, Bodamer O, Poduri A. Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate-binding region. Epilepsia 2019; 60:406-418. [PMID: 30682224 PMCID: PMC6452443 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the phenotypic spectrum associated with GNAO1 variants and establish genotype-protein structure-phenotype relationships. METHODS We evaluated the phenotypes of 14 patients with GNAO1 variants, analyzed their variants for potential pathogenicity, and mapped them, along with those in the literature, on a three-dimensional structural protein model. RESULTS The 14 patients in our cohort, including one sibling pair, had 13 distinct, heterozygous GNAO1 variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. We attributed the same variant in two siblings to parental mosaicism. Patients initially presented with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life (8/14), developmental delay (4/14), hypotonia (1/14), or movement disorder (1/14). All patients had hypotonia and developmental delay ranging from mild to severe. Nine had epilepsy, and nine had movement disorders, including dystonia, ataxia, chorea, and dyskinesia. The 13 GNAO1 variants in our patients are predicted to result in amino acid substitutions or deletions in the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding region, analogous to those in previous publications. Patients with variants affecting amino acids 207-221 had only movement disorder and hypotonia. Patients with variants affecting the C-terminal region had the mildest phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE GNAO1 encephalopathy most frequently presents with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life. Concurrent movement disorders are also a prominent feature in the spectrum of GNAO1 encephalopathy. All variants affected the GTP-binding domain of GNAO1, highlighting the importance of this region for G-protein signaling and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna Kelly
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Meredith Park
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
| | - Ivana Mihalek
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
| | - Marie Gramm
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Erika Takle Axeen
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christina Y. Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Olson
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Irina Anselm
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren C. Briere
- Department of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frances A. High
- Department of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A. Sweetser
- Department of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Saima Kayani
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Molly Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Health, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sophie Calvert
- Neuroscience Department, Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Florey and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Austin Health and Royal Children’s
Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeff L. Waugh
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
| | - Olaf Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Feng H, Larrivee CL, Demireva EY, Xie H, Leipprandt JR, Neubig RR. Mouse models of GNAO1-associated movement disorder: Allele- and sex-specific differences in phenotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211066. [PMID: 30682176 PMCID: PMC6347370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants and children with dominant de novo mutations in GNAO1 exhibit movement disorders, epilepsy, or both. Children with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations exhibit Epileptiform Encephalopathy 17 (EIEE17). Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations or those with normal function are found in patients with Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Involuntary Movements (NEDIM). There is no animal model with a human mutant GNAO1 allele. OBJECTIVES Here we develop a mouse model carrying a human GNAO1 mutation (G203R) and determine whether the clinical features of patients with this GNAO1 mutation, which includes both epilepsy and movement disorder, would be evident in the mouse model. METHODS A mouse Gnao1 knock-in GOF mutation (G203R) was created by CRISPR/Cas9 methods. The resulting offspring and littermate controls were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. A previously reported GOF mutant mouse knock-in (Gnao1+/G184S), which has not been found in patients, was also studied for comparison. RESULTS Gnao1+/G203R mutant mice are viable and gain weight comparably to controls. Homozygotes are non-viable. Grip strength was decreased in both males and females. Male Gnao1+/G203R mice were strongly affected in movement assays (RotaRod and DigiGait) while females were not. Male Gnao1+/G203R mice also showed enhanced seizure propensity in the pentylenetetrazole kindling test. Mice with a G184S GOF knock-in also showed movement-related behavioral phenotypes but females were more strongly affected than males. CONCLUSIONS Gnao1+/G203R mice phenocopy children with heterozygous GNAO1 G203R mutations, showing both movement disorder and a relatively mild epilepsy pattern. This mouse model should be useful in mechanistic and preclinical studies of GNAO1-related movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Casandra L. Larrivee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Elena Y. Demireva
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Huirong Xie
- Transgenic and Genome Editing Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Jeff R. Leipprandt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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19
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Phenomenology and clinical course of movement disorder in GNAO1 variants: Results from an analytical review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:19-25. [PMID: 30642806 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GNAO1 variants were recently discovered as causes of epileptic encephalopathies and heterogeneous syndromes presenting with movement disorders (MDs), whose phenomenology and clinical course are yet undefined. We herein focused on GNAO1-related MD, providing an analytical review of existing data to outline the main MD phenomenology and management, clinical evolution and genotype-phenotype correlations. Reviewing 41 previously published patients and assessing 5 novel cases, a comprehensive cohort of 46 patients was analyzed, reassuming knowledge about genotypes, phenotypes, disease course and treatment of this condition. GNAO1-related MD consisted of a severe early-onset hyperkinetic syndrome, with prominent chorea, dystonia and orofacial dyskinesia. Symptoms are poorly responsive to medical therapy and fluctuate, with critical and life-threatening exacerbations, such as status dystonicus. The presence of a choreiform MD appears to be predictive of a higher risk of movement disorder emergency. Surgical treatments are sometimes effective, although severe disabilities persist. Differently from the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy phenotype (associated with loss of function variants), no clear correlation between genotype and MD phenotype emerged, although some variants recurred more frequently, mainly affecting exons 6 and 7.
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Okumura A, Maruyama K, Shibata M, Kurahashi H, Ishii A, Numoto S, Hirose S, Kawai T, Iso M, Kataoka S, Okuno Y, Muramatsu H, Kojima S. A patient with a GNAO1 mutation with decreased spontaneous movements, hypotonia, and dystonic features. Brain Dev 2018; 40:926-930. [PMID: 29935962 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 4-year-old girl with a de novo GNAO1 mutation who had neurological findings, including decreased spontaneous movements, hypotonia, and dystonic features. She was referred to our hospital because of delayed psychomotor development. She showed hypotonia and decreased spontaneous movements. Voluntary movements of the limbs were more frequent in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities. Occasional dyskinetic features, such as awkward hand/foot posturing and grimacing, were seen during the voluntary movements. Serum metabolic screening, head magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography were unremarkable. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo mutation in the patient's GNAO1 gene, c.709 G > A (p.E237K). We calculated the free-energy change using the FoldX Suite to evaluate the impact of the E237K mutation. The FoldX calculations showed an increased free-energy change in the active state of the GNAO1 protein, indicating that the E237K mutation destabilizes the active state complexes. No seizures, chorea, tremor, or myoclonia, which are frequently reported in patients with GNAO1 mutations, were observed as of the last follow up. Our patient will improve the understanding of early neurological features in patients with GNAO1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Maruyama
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Mami Shibata
- Research Institute for the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Epilepsy, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kurahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Japan; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Aichi Prefectural Colony Central Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Shingo Numoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Kawai
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Manami Iso
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kataoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Abela L, Kurian MA. Postsynaptic movement disorders: clinical phenotypes, genotypes, and disease mechanisms. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1077-1091. [PMID: 29948482 PMCID: PMC6326993 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Movement disorders comprise a group of heterogeneous diseases with often complex clinical phenotypes. Overlapping symptoms and a lack of diagnostic biomarkers may hamper making a definitive diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing techniques have substantially contributed to unraveling genetic etiologies underlying movement disorders and thereby improved diagnoses. Defects in dopaminergic signaling in postsynaptic striatal medium spiny neurons are emerging as a pathogenic mechanism in a number of newly identified hyperkinetic movement disorders. Several of the causative genes encode components of the cAMP pathway, a critical postsynaptic signaling pathway in medium spiny neurons. Here, we review the clinical presentation, genetic findings, and disease mechanisms that characterize these genetic postsynaptic movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Abela
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL GOS - Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Koy A, Cirak S, Gonzalez V, Becker K, Roujeau T, Milesi C, Baleine J, Cambonie G, Boularan A, Greco F, Perrigault PF, Cances C, Dorison N, Doummar D, Roubertie A, Beroud C, Körber F, Stüve B, Waltz S, Mignot C, Nava C, Maarouf M, Coubes P, Cif L. Deep brain stimulation is effective in pediatric patients with GNAO1 associated severe hyperkinesia. J Neurol Sci 2018; 391:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Gerald B, Ramsey K, Belnap N, Szelinger S, Siniard AL, Balak C, Russell M, Richholt R, De Both M, Claasen AM, Schrauwen I, Huentelman MJ, Craig DW, Rangasamy S, Narayanan V. Neonatal epileptic encephalopathy caused by de novo GNAO1 mutation misdiagnosed as atypical Rett syndrome: Cautions in interpretation of genomic test results. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2018; 26:28-32. [PMID: 29961512 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathies are childhood brain disorders characterized by a variety of severe epilepsy syndromes that differ by the age of onset and seizure type. Until recently, the cause of many epileptic encephalopathies was unknown. Whole exome or whole genome sequencing has led to the identification of several causal genes in individuals with epileptic encephalopathy, and the list of genes has now expanded greatly. Genetic testing with epilepsy gene panels is now done quite early in the evaluation of children with epilepsy, following brain imaging, electroencephalogram, and metabolic profile. Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE1; OMIM #308350) is the earliest of these age-dependent encephalopathies, manifesting as tonic spasms, myoclonic seizures, or partial seizures, with severely abnormal electroencephalogram, often showing a suppression-burst pattern. In this case study, we describe a 33-month-old female child with severe, neonatal onset epileptic encephalopathy. An infantile epilepsy gene panel test revealed 2 novel heterozygous variants in the MECP2 gene; a 70-bp deletion resulting in a frameshift and truncation (p.Lys377ProfsX9) thought to be pathogenic, and a 6-bp in-frame deletion (p.His371_372del), designated as a variant of unknown significance. Based on this test result, the diagnosis of atypical Rett syndrome (RTT) was made. Family-based targeted testing and segregation analysis, however, raised questions about the pathogenicity of these specific MECP2 variants. Whole exome sequencing was performed in this family trio, leading to the discovery of a rare, de novo, missense mutation in GNAO1 (p. Leu284Ser). De novo, heterozygous mutations in GNAO1 have been reported to cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-17 (EIEE17; OMIM 615473). The child's severe phenotype, the family history and segregation analysis of variants and prior reports of GNAO1-linked disease allowed us to conclude that the GNAO1 mutation, and not the MECP2 variants, was the cause of this child's neurological disease. With the increased use of genetic panels and whole exome sequencing, we will be confronted with lists of gene variants suspected to be pathogenic or of unknown significance. It is important to integrate clinical information, genetic testing that includes family members and correlates this with the published clinical and scientific literature, to help one arrive at the correct genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Gerald
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Newell Belnap
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Megan Russell
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ryan Richholt
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Matt De Both
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Ana M Claasen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - David W Craig
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Sampathkumar Rangasamy
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ.
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
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Feng H, Khalil S, Neubig RR, Sidiropoulos C. A mechanistic review on GNAO1-associated movement disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 116:131-141. [PMID: 29758257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GNAO1 gene cause a complex constellation of neurological disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, and movement disorders. GNAO1 encodes Gαo, the α subunit of Go, a member of the Gi/o family of heterotrimeric G protein signal transducers. Go is the most abundant membrane protein in the mammalian central nervous system and plays major roles in synaptic neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. GNAO1 mutations were first reported in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 17 (EIEE17) but are also associated with a more common syndrome termed neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements (NEDIM). Here we review a mechanistic model in which loss-of-function (LOF) GNAO1 alleles cause epilepsy and gain-of-function (GOF) alleles are primarily associated with movement disorders. We also develop a signaling framework related to cyclic AMP (cAMP), synaptic vesicle release, and neural development and discuss gene mutations perturbing those mechanisms in a range of genetic movement disorders. Finally, we analyze clinical reports of patients carrying GNAO1 mutations with respect to their symptom onset and discuss pharmacological/surgical treatments in the context of our mechanistic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Suad Khalil
- Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Christos Sidiropoulos
- Department of Neurology & Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Brandi V, Di Lella V, Marino M, Ascenzi P, Polticelli F. A comprehensive in silico analysis of huntingtin and its interactome. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3155-3171. [PMID: 28920551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1381646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A polyglutamine expansion of the N-terminal region of huntingtin (Htt) causes Huntington's disease, a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Htt huge multidomain structure, the presence of disordered regions, and the lack of sequence homologs of known structure, so far prevented structural studies of Htt, making the study of its structure-function relationships very difficult. In this work, the presence and location of five Htt ordered domains (named from Hunt1 to Hunt5) has been detected and the structure of these domains has been predicted for the first time using a combined threading/ab initio modeling approach. This work has led to the identification of a previously undetected HEAT repeats region in the Hunt3 domain. Furthermore, a putative function has been assigned to four out of the five domains. Hunt1 and Hunt5, displaying structural similarity with the regulatory subunit A of protein phosphatase 2A, are predicted to play a role in regulating the phosphorylation status of cellular proteins. Hunt2 and Hunt3 are predicted to be homologs of two yeast importins and to mediate vescicles transport and protein trafficking. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the Htt interactome has been carried out and is discussed to provide a global picture of the Htt's structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Brandi
- a Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446 , Roma I-00146 , Italy
| | - Valentina Di Lella
- a Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446 , Roma I-00146 , Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- a Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446 , Roma I-00146 , Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- a Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446 , Roma I-00146 , Italy.,b Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy , Roma Tre University , Roma I-00146 , Italy
| | - Fabio Polticelli
- a Department of Sciences , Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446 , Roma I-00146 , Italy.,c National Institute of Nuclear Physics , Roma Tre University, Roma Tre Section , Roma I-00146 , Italy
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Prospective cohort study for identification of underlying genetic causes in neonatal encephalopathy using whole-exome sequencing. Genet Med 2017; 20:486-494. [PMID: 28817111 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeNeonatal encephalopathy, which is characterized by a decreased level of consciousness, occurs in 1-7/1,000 live-term births. In more than half of term newborns, there is no identifiable etiological factor. To identify underlying genetic defects, we applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) in term newborns with neonatal encephalopathy as a prospective cohort study.MethodsTerm newborns with neonatal encephalopathy and no history of perinatal asphyxia were included. WES was performed using patient and both parents' DNA.ResultsNineteen patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Five patients were excluded owing to withdrawal of consent, no parental DNA samples, or a genetic diagnosis prior to WES. Fourteen patients underwent WES. We confirmed a genetic diagnosis in five patients (36%): epileptic encephalopathy associated with autosomal dominant de novo variants in SCN2A (p.Met1545Val), KCNQ2 (p.Asp212Tyr), and GNAO1 (p.Gly40Arg); lipoic acid synthetase deficiency due to compound heterozygous variants in LIAS (p.Ala253Pro and p.His236Gln); and encephalopathy associated with an X-linked variant in CUL4B (p.Asn211Ser).ConclusionWES is helpful at arriving genetic diagnoses in neonatal encephalopathy and/or seizures and brain damage. It will increase our understanding and probably enable us to develop targeted neuroprotective treatment strategies.
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Feng H, Sjögren B, Karaj B, Shaw V, Gezer A, Neubig RR. Movement disorder in GNAO1 encephalopathy associated with gain-of-function mutations. Neurology 2017; 89:762-770. [PMID: 28747448 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical spectrum of epilepsy and movement disorder in individuals with de novo mutations in the GNAO1 gene. METHODS We identified all GNAO1 mutations reported in individuals with epilepsy (early infantile epileptiform encephalopathy 17) or movement disorders through April 2016; 15 de novo mutant alleles from 25 individuals were introduced into the Gαo subunit by site-directed mutagenesis in a mammalian expression plasmid. We assessed protein expression and function in vitro in HEK-293T cells by Western blot and determined functional Gαo-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) inhibition with a coexpressed α2A adrenergic receptor. RESULTS Of the 15 clinical GNAO1 mutations studied, 9 show reduced expression and loss of function (LOF; <90% maximal inhibition). Six other mutations show variable levels of expression but exhibit normal or even gain-of-function (GOF) behavior, as demonstrated by significantly lower EC50 values for α2A adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP. The GNAO1 LOF mutations are associated with epileptic encephalopathy while GOF mutants (such as G42R, G203R, and E246K) or normally functioning mutants (R209) were found in patients with movement disorders with or without seizures. CONCLUSIONS Both LOF and GOF mutations in Gαo (encoded by GNAO1) are associated with neurologic pathophysiology. There appears to be a strong predictive correlation between the in vitro biochemical phenotype and the clinical pattern of epilepsy vs movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Feng
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Benita Sjögren
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Behirda Karaj
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Vincent Shaw
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Aysegul Gezer
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Richard R Neubig
- From the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
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Danti FR, Galosi S, Romani M, Montomoli M, Carss KJ, Raymond FL, Parrini E, Bianchini C, McShane T, Dale RC, Mohammad SS, Shah U, Mahant N, Ng J, McTague A, Samanta R, Vadlamani G, Valente EM, Leuzzi V, Kurian MA, Guerrini R. GNAO1 encephalopathy: Broadening the phenotype and evaluating treatment and outcome. Neurol Genet 2017; 3:e143. [PMID: 28357411 PMCID: PMC5362187 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe better the motor phenotype, molecular genetic features, and clinical course of GNAO1-related disease. METHODS We reviewed clinical information, video recordings, and neuroimaging of a newly identified cohort of 7 patients with de novo missense and splice site GNAO1 mutations, detected by next-generation sequencing techniques. RESULTS Patients first presented in early childhood (median age of presentation 10 months, range 0-48 months), with a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from severe motor and cognitive impairment with marked choreoathetosis, self-injurious behavior, and epileptic encephalopathy to a milder phenotype, featuring moderate developmental delay associated with complex stereotypies, mainly facial dyskinesia and mild epilepsy. Hyperkinetic movements were often exacerbated by specific triggers, such as voluntary movement, intercurrent illnesses, emotion, and high ambient temperature, leading to hospital admissions. Most patients were resistant to drug intervention, although tetrabenazine was effective in partially controlling dyskinesia for 2/7 patients. Emergency deep brain stimulation (DBS) was life saving in 1 patient, resulting in immediate clinical benefit with complete cessation of violent hyperkinetic movements. Five patients had well-controlled epilepsy and 1 had drug-resistant seizures. Structural brain abnormalities, including mild cerebral atrophy and corpus callosum dysgenesis, were evident in 5 patients. One patient had a diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II), surgically removed at age 16. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the causative role of GNAO1 mutations in an expanded spectrum of early-onset epilepsy and movement disorders, frequently exacerbated by specific triggers and at times associated with self-injurious behavior. Tetrabenazine and DBS were the most useful treatments for dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rachele Danti
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Romani
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Montomoli
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Keren J Carss
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bianchini
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tony McShane
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Russell C Dale
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ubaid Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Neil Mahant
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Joanne Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Amy McTague
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Rajib Samanta
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gayatri Vadlamani
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry (F.R.D., S.G., V.L.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), University College London Institute of Child Health, UK; Department of Neurology (F.R.D., J.N., A.M., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; GENOMA Group (M.R.), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rome, Italy; Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories (M.M., E.P., C.B., R.G.), Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Haematology (K.J.C.), University of Cambridge, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, UK; NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases (K.J.C., F.L.R.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (N.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Childrens Hospital Oxford (T.M.), John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (R.C.D., S.S.M., U.S.), the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Genetics (F.L.R.), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (R.S.), University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology (G.V.), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Section of Neurosciences (E.M.V.), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Italy; and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Menke LA, Engelen M, Alders M, Odekerken VJJ, Baas F, Cobben JM. Recurrent GNAO1 Mutations Associated With Developmental Delay and a Movement Disorder. J Child Neurol 2016; 31:1598-1601. [PMID: 27625011 DOI: 10.1177/0883073816666474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2 unrelated patients with axial hypotonia, developmental delay and a hyperkinetic movement disorder, a missense mutation was found in codon 209 of the GNAO1 gene. From the still scarce literature on GNAO1 mutations, a clear genotype-phenotype correlation emerged. From the 26 patients reported thus far, 12 patients had epileptic encephalopathy, and 14 had a developmental delay and a hyperkinetic movement disorder. All but 1 of the latter patients had missense mutations in GNAO1 codon 209 or 246, which thus appear to be mutation hotspots. At least 2 sibling pairs showed that the recurrence risk after 1 affected child with a GNAO1 mutation might be relatively high (5-15%), due to apparent gonadal mosaicism in the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie A Menke
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariel Alders
- Department of Medical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Baas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan M Cobben
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
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