1
|
Loo RL, Chan Q, Nicholson JK, Holmes E. Balancing the Equation: A Natural History of Trimethylamine and Trimethylamine- N-oxide. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:560-589. [PMID: 35142516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in evolutionary biology, and their diverse biochemical functions. Both metabolites have multiple biological roles including cell-signaling. Much attention has focused on the significance of serum and urinary TMAO in cardiovascular disease risk, yet this is only one of the many facets of a deeper TMA-TMAO partnership that reflects the significance of these metabolites in multiple biological processes spanning animals, plants, bacteria, and fungi. We report on analytical methods for measuring TMA and TMAO and attempt to critically synthesize and map the global functions of TMA and TMAO in a systems biology framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey Leng Loo
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,The Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 5 Robin Warren Drive, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.,Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Nutrition and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wasilewski T, Brito NF, Szulczyński B, Wojciechowski M, Buda N, Melo ACA, Kamysz W, Gębicki J. Olfactory Receptor-based Biosensors as Potential Future Tools in Medical Diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
Ferrell M, Bazeley P, Wang Z, Levison BS, Li XS, Jia X, Krauss RM, Knight R, Lusis AJ, Garcia‐Garcia JC, Hazen SL, Tang WHW. Fecal Microbiome Composition Does Not Predict Diet-Induced TMAO Production in Healthy Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021934. [PMID: 34713713 PMCID: PMC8751816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a small molecule derived from the metabolism of dietary nutrients by gut microbes and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Plasma TMAO increases following consumption of red meat. This metabolic change is thought to be partly because of the expansion of gut microbes able to use nutrients abundant in red meat. Methods and Results We used data from a randomized crossover study to estimate the degree to which TMAO can be estimated from fecal microbial composition. Healthy participants received a series of 3 diets that differed in protein source (red meat, white meat, and non-meat), and fecal, plasma, and urine samples were collected following 4 weeks of exposure to each diet. TMAO was quantitated in plasma and urine, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal DNA. While the cai gene cluster was weakly correlated with plasma TMAO (rho=0.17, P=0.0007), elastic net models of TMAO were not improved by abundances of bacterial genes known to contribute to TMAO synthesis. A global analysis of all taxonomic groups, genes, and gene families found no meaningful predictors of TMAO. We postulated that abundances of known genes related to TMAO production do not predict bacterial metabolism, and we measured choline- and carnitine-trimethylamine lyase activity during fecal culture. Trimethylamine lyase genes were only weakly correlated with the activity of the enzymes they encode. Conclusions Fecal microbiome composition does not predict systemic TMAO because, in this case, gene copy number does not predict bacterial metabolic activity. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01427855.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ferrell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Department of Quantitative Health SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xinmin S. Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | | | - Rob Knight
- Department of PediatricsDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringDepartment of Bioengineering, and The Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Departments of Human Genetics and MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA
| | - J. C. Garcia‐Garcia
- Life Sciences Transformative Platform TechnologiesProcter & GambleCincinnatiOH
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic SciencesLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shimizu M, Mizugaki A, Koibuchi N, Sango H, Uenuma Y, Yamazaki H. A series of simple detection systems for genetic variants of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) with impaired function in Japanese subjects. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 41:100420. [PMID: 34634752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of single-nucleotide substitutions of the human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene are being recorded in mega-databases. Phenotype-gene analyses revealed impaired FMO3 variants associated with the metabolic disorder trimethylaminuria. Here, a series of reliable FMO3 genotyping confirmation methods was assembled and developed for 45 impaired FMO3 variants, mainly found in Japanese populations, using singleplex or duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and singleplex, duplex, or tetraplex allele-specific PCR methods. Nine PCR-RFLP procedures with single restriction enzymes and fourteen duplex PCR-RFLP procedures (for p.Trp41Ter and p.Thr329Ala, p.Met66Val and p.Leu163Pro, p.Pro70Leu and p.Glu308Gly, p.Asn114Ser and p.Ser195Leu, p.Glu158Lys and p.Ile441Thr, p.Cys197Ter and p.Trp388Ter, p.Arg205Cys and p.Val257Met, p.Arg205His and p.Cys397Ser, p.Met211ArgfsTer10 and p.Arg492Trp, p.Arg223Gln and p.Leu473Pro, p.Met260Val and p.Thr488Ala, p.Tyr269His and p.Ala311Pro, p.Ser310Leu and p.Gly376Glu, and p.Gln470Ter and p.Arg500Ter) were newly established along with eight singleplex (for p.Pro153GlnfsTer14, p.Gly191Cys, p.Pro248Thr, p.Ile486Met, and p.Pro496Ser, among others), one duplex (p.Ile199Ser and p.Asp286Tyr), and one tetraplex (p.Ile7Thr, p.Val58Ile, p.Thr201Lys, and p.Gly421Val) allele-specific PCR systems. This series of systems should facilitate the easy detection in a clinical setting of FMO3 variants in Japanese subjects susceptible to low drug clearances or drug reactions possibly caused by impaired FMO3 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Mizugaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Koibuchi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Sango
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Uenuma
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Veyrat-Durebex C, Benz-de-Bretagne I, Clavier V, Bruno C, Andres CR, Antar C, Hennart B, Maillot F, Nadal-Desbarats L, Blasco H. Quality consideration for the validation of urine TMA and TMAO measurement by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Fish Odor Syndrome. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114330. [PMID: 34364856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trimethylaminuria, also known as Fish Odor Syndrome (FOS), is a condition characterized by the presence of high concentrations of trimethylamine (TMA) in urine, sweat and expired air of affected patients. Diagnosis of this benign but unpleasant disease is mainly based on clinical presentation and assessment of TMA and its metabolite, TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide), concentrations in urine of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We here described the validation of an analytical method for measurement of TMA and TMAO in urine using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) according to the specifications of the ISO 15189 norm. We used a fast validation protocol, based exactitude profile method, enabling to determine accuracy, intra and inter-day precision from a limited number of samples. RESULTS The linearity was established from 2.5 to 100 mg/L for TMA measurement and from 10 to 1000 mg/L for TMAO measurement, with good analytical performances i.e. accuracy, intra and inter-day precision. We also report a case diagnose for FOS from this method. CONCLUSIONS This method validation ensures the robustness of NMR in routine use for diagnosis of trimethylaminuria, as part of the reference center for inherited metabolic diseases at the Tours hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Veyrat-Durebex
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Isabelle Benz-de-Bretagne
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Victoria Clavier
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Clément Bruno
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Catherine Antar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Unité INSERM U 1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roddy D, McCarthy P, Nerney D, Mulligan‐Rabbitt J, Smith E, Treacy EP. Impact of trimethylaminuria on daily psychosocial functioning. JIMD Rep 2021; 57:67-75. [PMID: 33473342 PMCID: PMC7802621 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) (OMIM #602079) is a rare inherited metabolic condition. TMAU is associated with decreased hepatic trimethylamine N-oxidation, which leads to an excess of the volatile trimethylamine (TMA) instead of substrate conversion to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). TMA is a tertiary amine derived from the enterobacterial metabolism of precursors such as choline and phosphatidylcholine present in the diet, and is also a bacterial metabolite of TMAO, a normal constituent of saltwater fish. When the involved enzyme flavin mono-oxygenase 3 is deficient, TMA builds up and is released in the person's sweat, urine, and breath, giving off a strong body odor. We have recently reported the biochemical and genetic characteristics of 13 Irish adult patients with TMAU attending the main Irish Reference Center. Research on the behavioral and psychosocial aspects of this condition is limited. This study explores the patients' perspectives of living with TMAU in Ireland. METHODS A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Six adults participated in this study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed. RESULTS The results suggest that the participants experienced a negative journey to diagnosis. Fear, anxiety, paranoia, and dysfunctional thinking are a constant struggle. Participants reported using avoidant coping mechanisms and strategic planning to navigate daily life. CONCLUSION It is considered that the results from this study will inform future interventions with this unique patient cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roddy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic DisordersThe Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Philomena McCarthy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic DisordersThe Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | - Darragh Nerney
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic DisordersThe Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
| | | | - Edwin Smith
- Department of Clinical ChemistrySheffield Children's HospitalSheffieldUK
| | - Eileen P. Treacy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic DisordersThe Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
- University College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Donato L, Giofrè SV, Rao G, Sidoti A, D'Angelo R. Antiretroviral treatment leading to secondary trimethylaminuria: Genetic associations and successful management with riboflavin. J Clin Pharm Ther 2020; 46:304-309. [PMID: 33247860 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Trimethylaminuria is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive excretion of trimethylamine in body fluids following FMO3 gene mutations. Secondary forms of the disease may be due to consumption of trimethylamine precursor-rich foods or metabolism of some xenobiotics. CASE SUMMARY A HIV patient developed secondary trimethylaminuria following antiretroviral treatment. Riboflavin supplementation ameliorated his phenotype. 1 H-NMR confirmed increased urine level of TMA. Several genes involved in choline catabolism harboured missense mutations. Riboflavin supplement improved enzymatic activity of mutated enzymes promoting TMA clearance. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Antiretrovirals may increase the concentration of TMA precursors. The present study reports antiretroviral treatment as risk factor for such secondary trimethylaminuria. Riboflavin is an effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rao
- Prevention and Research division, INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Avant-Garde Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Andraos S, Lange K, Clifford SA, Jones B, Thorstensen EB, Kerr JA, Wake M, Saffery R, Burgner DP, O'Sullivan JM. Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursors: Population Epidemiology, Parent-Child Concordance, and Associations with Reported Dietary Intake in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children and Their Parents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa103. [PMID: 32666035 PMCID: PMC7335361 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbiome- and diet-derived metabolite implicated in adverse cardiovascular outcomes. To date, studies of plasma TMAO concentrations have largely focused on individuals with metabolic disease. As such, data on TMAO concentrations in population settings and parent-child dyads are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate parent-child concordance, age, and sex effects on plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors [l-carnitine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine (DMG)]. Associations between concentrations of TMAO and its precursors and self-reported dietary intakes of animal protein (i.e., red meat, meat products, chicken, fish, milk products, and cheese) and fast-food meals were also investigated. METHODS A total of 1166 children (mean ± SD age: 11 ± 0.5 y, 51% female) and 1324 parents (mean ± SD age: 44 ± 5.1 y, 87% female) had a biomedical assessment as part of Growing Up in Australia's Child Health Checkpoint. Plasma TMAO and precursor concentrations were quantified using ultra-high-pressure LC coupled with tandem MS. RESULTS Familial dyads significantly contributed to plasma TMAO and precursor concentrations (P < 0.0001), explaining 37% of variance for TMAO concentrations. Least-square mean ± SE plasma TMAO was lower in children (0.79 ± 0.02 µM on the log-scale) than in adults (1.22 ± 0.02 µM). By contrast, children's betaine (40.30 ± 0.34 µM) and DMG concentrations (1.02 ± 0.01 µM on the log-scale) were higher than adults' betaine (37.50 ± 0.32 µM) and DMG concentrations (0.80 ± 0.01 µM) (P < 0.0001). Mean values of all metabolites, except adult TMAO, were higher in males than in females (P < 0.001). Greater reported intake of red meat and fish was associated with higher TMAO concentrations in both children [estimates (95% CIs) for red meat: 0.06 (0.01, 0.10); fish: 0.11 (0.06, 0.17)] and adults [red meat: 0.13 (0.08, 0.17); meat products: 0.07 (0.03, 0.12); and fish: 0.09 (0.04, 0.14)]. CONCLUSIONS Age, sex, and shared family factors, including diet, contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of TMAO and its precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andraos
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Lange
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jessica A Kerr
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|