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Cao ZM, Fu S, Dong C, Yang TY, Liu XK, Zhang CL, Li DZ. DSCR1-1 attenuates osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte injury by regulating the CREB1/ALDH2/Wnt/β-catenin axis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111287. [PMID: 38969191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of osteoarthritis (OA) includes the initial inflammation, subsequent degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and chondrocyte apoptosis. Down syndrome candidate region 1 (DSCR1) is a stress-responsive gene and expresses in varied types of cells, including chondrocytes. Bioinformatics analysis of GSE103416 and GSE104739 datasets showed higher DSCR1 expression in the inflamed cartilage tissues and chondrocytes of OA. DSCR1 had two major isoforms, isoform 1 (DSCR1-1) and isoform 4 (DSCR1-4). We found that DSCR1-1 had a faster (in vitro) and higher expression (in vivo) response to OA compared to DSCR1-4. IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM degradation in chondrocytes were attenuated by DSCR1-1 overexpression. DSCR1-1 triggered the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding 1 (CREB1) at 133 serine sites by decreasing calcineurin activity. Moreover, activated CREB1 moved into the cell nucleus and combined in the promoter regions of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), thus enhancing its gene transcription. ALDH2 could recover Wnt/β-catenin signaling transduction by enhancing phosphorylation of β-catenin at 33/37 serine sites and inhibiting the migration of β-catenin protein from the cellular matrix to the nucleus. In vivo, adenoviruses (1 × 108 PFU) overexpressing DSCR1-1 were injected into the articular cavity of C57BL/6 mice with medial meniscus surgery-induced OA, and it showed that DSCR1-1 overexpression ameliorated cartilage injury. Collectively, our study demonstrates that DSCR1-1 may be a potential therapeutic target of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Teng-Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong-Zhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
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2
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Wei Y, Gao S, Li C, Huang X, Xie B, Geng J, Dai H, Wang C. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency Aggravates Lung Fibrosis through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging in Fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1458-1477. [PMID: 38777148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a fatal interstitial lung disease, is characterized by fibroblast activation and aberrant extracellular matrix accumulation. Effective therapeutic development is limited because of incomplete understanding of the mechanisms by which fibroblasts become aberrantly activated. Here, we show aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis. A decrease in ALDH2 expression was observed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and bleomycin-treated mice. ALDH2 deficiency spontaneously induces collagen accumulation in the lungs of aged mice. Furthermore, young ALDH2 knockout mice exhibited exacerbated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and increased mortality compared with that in control mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 induction and ALDH2 depletion constituted a positive feedback loop that exacerbates fibroblast activation. TGF-β1 down-regulated ALDH2 through a TGF-β receptor 1/Smad3-dependent mechanism. The subsequent deficiency in ALDH2 resulted in fibroblast dysfunction that manifested as impaired mitochondrial autophagy and senescence, leading to fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix production. ALDH2 overexpression markedly suppressed fibroblast activation, and this effect was abrogated by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) knockdown, indicating that the profibrotic effects of ALDH2 are PINK1- dependent. Furthermore, ALDH2 activated by N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide (Alda-1) reversed the established pulmonary fibrosis in both young and aged mice. In conclusion, ALDH2 expression inhibited the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Strategies to up-regulate or activate ALDH2 expression could be potential therapies for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wei
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwei Gao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Xie
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Geng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Li J, Xu S, Wang L, Wang X. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) Ethyl Nitrate Hydrochloride Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Associated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:585. [PMID: 38790690 PMCID: PMC11117566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension reduces the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO) and contributes to the onset of vascular dementia (VaD). A loss of NO bioavailability increases inflammation and oxidative stress. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate hydrochloride (W1302) is a novel nitric oxide donor (NOD) which is undergoing phase I clinical trials in China for the treatment of VaD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of W1302 in VaD rats induced by the permanent occlusion of a bilateral common carotid arteries model related to spontaneous hypertension (SHR-2VO), and we further explored the underlying mechanisms. Nimodipine was used as a positive control. Our results showed that W1302 treatment for 4 weeks (10 mg/Kg/day) exhibited stronger improvement in the spatial learning and memory deficits in SHR-2VO rats compared with nimodipine with slightly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP). Meanwhile, W1302 treatment significantly increased NO and cGMP production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing ATP production and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Furthermore, W1302 treatment markedly inhibited the iNOS activity and decreased TNF-α expression via inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Nimodipine treatment also restored these aberrant changes, but its ATP production was weaker than that of W1302, and there was no significant effect on NO release. Taken together, W1302 exhibited beneficial effects on complications in VaD with hypertension, which is involved in suppressing oxidative damage, and the inflammatory reaction might be mediated by an increase in NO release. Therefore, W1302 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of VaD caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-associated spontaneous hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (J.L.); (S.X.); (L.W.)
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4
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Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Jankowski MM, MacIver MB. Missing Puzzle Pieces in Dementia Research: HCN Channels and Theta Oscillations. Aging Dis 2024; 15:22-42. [PMID: 37450922 PMCID: PMC10796085 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates a role of hyperpolarization activated cation (HCN) channels in controlling the resting membrane potential, pacemaker activity, memory formation, sleep, and arousal. Their disfunction may be associated with the development of epilepsy and age-related memory decline. Neuronal hyperexcitability involved in epileptogenesis and EEG desynchronization occur in the course of dementia in human Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and animal models, nevertheless the underlying ionic and cellular mechanisms of these effects are not well understood. Some suggest that theta rhythms involved in memory formation could be used as a marker of memory disturbances in the course of neurogenerative diseases, including AD. This review focusses on the interplay between hyperpolarization HCN channels, theta oscillations, memory formation and their role(s) in dementias, including AD. While individually, each of these factors have been linked to each other with strong supportive evidence, we hope here to expand this linkage to a more inclusive picture. Thus, HCN channels could provide a molecular target for developing new therapeutic agents for preventing and/or treating dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej M. Jankowski
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- BioTechMed Center, Multimedia Systems Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - M. Bruce MacIver
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA.
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Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Li J, Shi X, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhao R, Liu Y, Wen Y, Chen L. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting PGC-1α-mediated biogenesis in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:45. [PMID: 36670098 PMCID: PMC9860042 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells are one of the high energy-consuming cell types, which mainly depend on mitochondrial energy supply. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme that is involved in alcohol metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative ATP production; however, its function in mitochondrial homoeostasis in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. Here, we found that ALDH2 expression was predominantly decreased in cisplatin or maleic acid (MA) models both in vivo and in vitro. ALDH2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited exacerbated kidney impairment and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells after cisplatin injection. In contrast, ALDH2 activation alleviated AKI and tubular cell apoptosis in both cisplatin- and MA-induced models. RNA sequencing revealed that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was positively enriched in the renal tissues after Alda-1 pre-treatment in MA-induced mice. ALDH2 activation restored mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration rate, but downregulated glycolysis in MA-induced mice and human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ALDH2 interacts with peroxisomal proliferator-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and advanced its nuclear translocation. Subsequently, PGC-1α knockdown almost abolished the improvement of ALDH2 activation on MA-induced tubular epithelial cells damage. Thus, our study revealed that ALDH2 activation alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI by enhancing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Hence, ALDH2 may act as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AKI progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Li
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jiatong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
- Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Ruohuan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Yubing Wen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
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7
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Taoro-González L, Cabrera-Pastor A, Sancho-Alonso M, Felipo V. Intracellular and extracelluar cyclic GMP in the brain and the hippocampus. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:247-288. [PMID: 35180929 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic Guanosine-Monophosphate (cGMP) is implicated as second messenger in a plethora of pathways and its effects are executed mainly by cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG). It is involved in both peripheral (cardiovascular regulation, intestinal secretion, phototransduction, etc.) and brain (hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, cognitive function, etc.) processes. Stimulation of hippocampal cGMP signaling have been proved to be beneficial in animal models of aging, Alzheimer's disease or hepatic encephalopathy, restoring different cognitive functions such as passive avoidance, object recognition or spatial memory. However, even when some inhibitors of cGMP-degrading enzymes (PDEs) are already used against peripheral pathologies, their utility as neurological treatments is still under clinical investigation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated a list of cGMP roles as not second but first messenger. The role of extracellular cGMP has been specially studied in hippocampal function and cognitive impairment in animal models and it has emerged as an important modulator of neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive alterations and hippocampal synaptic plasticity malfunction. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that extracellular cGMP decreases hippocampal IL-1β levels restoring membrane expression of glutamate receptors in the hippocampus and cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats. The mechanisms implicated are still unclear and might involve complex interactions between hippocampal neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Membrane targets for extracellular cGMP are still poorly understood and must be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology, Area of Psycobiology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andrea Cabrera-Pastor
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sancho-Alonso
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Ghoweri AO, Gagolewicz P, Frazier HN, Gant JC, Andrew RD, Bennett BM, Thibault O. Neuronal Calcium Imaging, Excitability, and Plasticity Changes in the Aldh2-/- Mouse Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1623-1637. [PMID: 32925058 PMCID: PMC7683088 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dysregulated signaling in neurons and astrocytes participates in pathophysiological alterations seen in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, including increases in amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated tau, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and oxidative stress. These are often noted prior to the development of behavioral, cognitive, and non-cognitive deficits. However, the extent to which these pathological changes function together or independently is unclear. Objective: Little is known about the temporal relationship between calcium dysregulation and oxidative stress, as some reports suggest that dysregulated calcium promotes increased formation of reactive oxygen species, while others support the opposite. Prior work has quantified several key outcome measures associated with oxidative stress in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 knockout (Aldh2–/–) mice, a non-transgenic model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Here, we tested the hypothesis that early oxidative stress can promote calcium dysregulation across aging by measuring calcium-dependent processes using electrophysiological and imaging methods and focusing on the afterhyperpolarization (AHP), synaptic activation, somatic calcium, and long-term potentiation in the Aldh2–/– mouse. Results: Our results show a significant age-related decrease in the AHP along with an increase in the slow AHP amplitude in Aldh2–/– animals. Measures of synaptic excitability were unaltered, although significant reductions in long-term potentiation maintenance were noted in the Aldh2–/– animals compared to wild-type. Conclusion: With so few changes in calcium and calcium-dependent processes in an animal model that shows significant increases in HNE adducts, Aβ, p-tau, and activated caspases across age, the current findings do not support a direct link between neuronal calcium dysregulation and uncontrolled oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Ghoweri
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter Gagolewicz
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Hilaree N Frazier
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gant
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R David Andrew
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Memory Enhancers for Alzheimer's Dementia: Focus on cGMP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010061. [PMID: 33451088 PMCID: PMC7828493 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate, better known as cyclic-GMP or cGMP, is a classical second messenger involved in a variety of intracellular pathways ultimately controlling different physiological functions. The family of guanylyl cyclases that includes soluble and particulate enzymes, each of which comprises several isoforms with different mechanisms of activation, synthesizes cGMP. cGMP signaling is mainly executed by the activation of protein kinase G and cyclic nucleotide gated channels, whereas it is terminated by its hydrolysis to GMP operated by both specific and dual-substrate phosphodiesterases. In the central nervous system, cGMP has attracted the attention of neuroscientists especially for its key role in the synaptic plasticity phenomenon of long-term potentiation that is instrumental to memory formation and consolidation, thus setting off a "gold rush" for new drugs that could be effective for the treatment of cognitive deficits. In this article, we summarize the state of the art on the neurochemistry of the cGMP system and then review the pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the use of cGMP enhancers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Although preclinical data demonstrates the beneficial effects of cGMP on cognitive deficits in AD animal models, the results of the clinical studies carried out to date are not conclusive. More trials with a dose-finding design on selected AD patient's cohorts, possibly investigating also combination therapies, are still needed to evaluate the clinical potential of cGMP enhancers.
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10
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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11
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Xu Y, Zhao M, Han Y, Zhang H. GABAergic Inhibitory Interneuron Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:660. [PMID: 32714136 PMCID: PMC7344222 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by severe cognitive deficits and pathologically by amyloid plaques, neuronal loss, and neurofibrillary tangles. Abnormal amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain is often thought of as a major initiating factor in AD neuropathology. However, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory interneurons are resistant to Aβ deposition, and Aβ decreases synaptic glutamatergic transmission to decrease neural network activity. Furthermore, there is now evidence suggesting that neural network activity is aberrantly increased in AD patients and animal models due to functional deficits in and decreased activity of GABA inhibitory interneurons, contributing to cognitive deficits. Here we describe the roles played by excitatory neurons and GABA inhibitory interneurons in Aβ-induced cognitive deficits and how altered GABA interneurons regulate AD neuropathology. We also comprehensively review recent studies on how GABA interneurons and GABA receptors can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. GABA interneurons are an emerging therapeutic target in AD, with further clinical trials urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Xu
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Manna Zhao
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
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12
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Knopp RC, Lee SH, Hollas M, Nepomuceno E, Gonzalez D, Tam K, Aamir D, Wang Y, Pierce E, BenAissa M, Thatcher GRJ. Interaction of oxidative stress and neurotrauma in ALDH2 -/- mice causes significant and persistent behavioral and pro-inflammatory effects in a tractable model of mild traumatic brain injury. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101486. [PMID: 32155582 PMCID: PMC7063127 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation products (LPP) accompanies aging and has been hypothesized to exacerbate the secondary cascade in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Increased oxidative stress is a contributor to loss of neural reserve that defines the ability to maintain healthy cognitive function despite the accumulation of neuropathology. ALDH2−/− mice are unable to clear aldehyde LPP by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (Aldh2) detoxification and provide a model to study mild TBI (mTBI), therapeutic interventions, and underlying mechanisms. The ALDH2−/− mouse model presents with elevated LPP-mediated protein modification, lowered levels of PSD-95, PGC1-α, and SOD-1, and mild cognitive deficits from 4 months of age. LPP scavengers are neuroprotective in vitro and in ALDH2−/− mice restore cognitive performance. A single-hit, closed skull mTBI failed to elicit significant effects in WT mice; however, ALDH2−/− mice showed a significant inflammatory cytokine surge in the ipsilateral hemisphere 24 h post-mTBI, and increased GFAP cleavage, a biomarker for TBI. Known neuroprotective agents, were able to reverse the effects of mTBI. This new preclinical model of mTBI, incorporating significant perturbations in behavior, inflammation, and clinically relevant biomarkers, allows mechanistic study of the interaction of LPP and neurotrauma in loss of neural reserve. ALDH2−/− mice have elevated brain LPP adducts and mild cognitive impairment. The effects of a “2nd hit” via LPS are exacerbated by LPP in vitro and in vivo. ALDH2−/− mice + mTBI show amplified/prolonged cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation. This new preclinical model for mTBI supports a role for LPP in reduced neural reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael Hollas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Emily Nepomuceno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kevin Tam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Daniyal Aamir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Emily Pierce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Manel BenAissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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13
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Vorobyov V, Medvinskaya N, Deev A, Sengpiel F, Bobkova N, Lunin S. Spatial memory deficits initiated by agroclavine injection or olfactory bulbectomy in rats are characterized by different levels of long-term potentiation expression in the hippocampus. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1225-1229. [PMID: 32072845 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1732963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To clarify whether long-term potentiation (LTP) is the mechanism underpinning mnemonic processes. Mathrials and methods: We studied LTP in hippocampal slices from rats whose spatial memory deficit was produced by either olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) or pretreatment with an ergot alkaloid, agroclavine. OBX is accompanied by cholinergic system inhibition whereas agroclavine predominantly activates dopaminergic mediation. The both have been shown to be involved in learning/memory and LTP mechanisms.Results: In OBX- vs. sham-operated rat, we have revealed significant reduction of LTP in hippocampal CA1 region. In contrast, no LTP differences in agroclavine- vs. vehicle-treated rats were observed. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that LTP expression in the hippocampus is dependent on the origin of spatial memory impairment. Furthermore, they suggest that pharmacological and neurodegenerative models of AD might be useful approach for discovery of both AD mechanisms and mixed pathology dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Vorobyov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia Medvinskaya
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander Deev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Frank Sengpiel
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natalia Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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14
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Zhu BL, Long Y, Luo W, Yan Z, Lai YJ, Zhao LG, Zhou WH, Wang YJ, Shen LL, Liu L, Deng XJ, Wang XF, Sun F, Chen GJ. MMP13 inhibition rescues cognitive decline in Alzheimer transgenic mice via BACE1 regulation. Brain 2019; 142:176-192. [PMID: 30596903 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP13 (matrix metallopeptidase 13) plays a key role in bone metabolism and cancer development, but has no known functions in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used high-throughput small molecule screening in SH-SY5Y cells that stably expressed a luciferase reporter gene driven by the BACE1 (β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1) promoter, which included a portion of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). We identified that CL82198, a selective inhibitor of MMP13, decreased BACE1 protein levels in cultured neuronal cells. This effect was dependent on PI3K (phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase) signalling, and was unrelated to BACE1 gene transcription and protein degradation. Further, we found that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) played a key role, as the mutation of eIF4B at serine 422 (S422R) or deletion of the BACE1 5'UTR attenuated MMP13-mediated BACE1 regulation. In APPswe/PS1E9 mice, an animal model of Alzheimer's disease, hippocampal Mmp13 knockdown or intraperitoneal CL82198 administration reduced BACE1 protein levels and the related amyloid-β precursor protein processing, amyloid-β load and eIF4B phosphorylation, whereas spatial and associative learning and memory performances were improved. Collectively, MMP13 inhibition/CL82198 treatment exhibited therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease, via the translational regulation of BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Hui Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 ZhongshanEr Lu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, China
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15
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Balu D, Karstens AJ, Loukenas E, Maldonado Weng J, York JM, Valencia-Olvera AC, LaDu MJ. The role of APOE in transgenic mouse models of AD. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134285. [PMID: 31150730 PMCID: PMC6717006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identified in 1993, APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold compared to the common variant APOE3. Since the mid 1990's, transgenic (Tg) mice have been developed to model AD pathology and progression, primarily via expression of the familial AD (FAD) mutations in the presence of mouse-APOE (m-APOE). APOE4, associated with enhanced amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, has rarely been the focus in designing FAD-Tg mouse models. Initially, FAD-Tg mice were crossed with human (h)-APOE driven by heterologous promoters to identify an APOE genotype-specific AD phenotype. These models were later supplemented with FAD-Tg mice crossed with APOE-knockouts (APOE-/- or APOE-KO) and h-APOE-targeted replacement (h-APOE-TR) mice, originally generated to study the role of APOE genotype in peripheral lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesion development. Herein, we compare the m- and h-APOE multi-gene clusters, and then critically review the relevant history and approaches to developing a Tg mouse model to characterize APOE-dependent AD pathology, in combination with genetic (sex, age) and modifiable (e.g., inflammation, obesity) risk factors. Finally, we present recent data from the EFAD mice, which express 5xFAD mutations with the expression of the human apoE isoforms (E2FAD, E3FAD and E4FAD). This includes a study of 6- and 18-month-old male and female E3FAD and E4FAD, a comparison that enables examination of the interaction among the main AD risk factors: age, APOE genotype and sex. While no single transgenic mouse can capture the effects of all modifiable and genetic risk factors, going forward, a conscious effort needs to be made to include the factors that most significantly modulate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Aimee James Karstens
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Efstathia Loukenas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Juan Maldonado Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jason M York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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16
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Horton A, Schiefer IT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nitric oxide mimetic agents. Nitric Oxide 2019; 84:69-78. [PMID: 30641123 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery focusing on NO mimetics has been hamstrung due to its unconventional nature. Central to these challenges is the fact that direct measurement of molecular NO in biological systems is exceedingly difficulty. Hence, drug development of NO mimetics must rely upon measurement of the NO donating specie (i.e., a prodrug) and a downstream marker of efficacy without directly measuring the molecule, NO, that is responsible for biological effect. The focus of this review is to catalog in vivo attempts to monitor the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the NO donating specie and the pharmacodynamic (PD) readout of NO bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Horton
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA.
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17
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Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide 2019; 82:59-74. [PMID: 30394348 PMCID: PMC7645969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of small molecule modulators of NO/cGMP signaling for use in the CNS has lagged far behind the use of such clinical agents in the periphery, despite the central role played by NO/cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that this signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The NO-chimeras, NMZ and Nitrosynapsin, have yielded beneficial and disease-modifying responses in multiple preclinical animal models, acting on GABAA and NMDA receptors, respectively, providing additional mechanisms of action relevant to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Several inhibitors of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE) have replicated some of the actions of these NO-chimeras in the CNS. There is no evidence that nitrate tolerance is a phenomenon relevant to the CNS actions of NO-chimeras, and studies on nitroglycerin in the periphery continue to challenge the dogma of nitrate tolerance mechanisms. Hybrid nitrates have shown much promise in the periphery and CNS, but to date only one treatment has received FDA approval, for glaucoma. The potential for allosteric modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in brain disorders has not yet been fully explored nor exploited; whereas multiple applications of PDE inhibitors have been explored and many have stalled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesse M Gordon-Blake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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18
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Jiang XM, Wang WP, Liu ZH, Yin HJ, Ma H, Feng N, Wang L, Huang HH, Wang XL. 2-(4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate maleate-potentiated GABA A receptor response in hippocampal neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1231-1240. [PMID: 30039924 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS 2-(4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate maleate (NMZM), a derivative of clomethiazole (CMZ), had been investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The beneficial effects of NMZM in AD included reversing cognitive deficit, improving learning and memory as well as neuroprotection. The pharmacological effects of NMZM on GABAA receptors were reported previously; however, the mechanisms were unclear and were explored therefore. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that NMZM improved learning and memory by alleviating scopolamine-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) suppression in the dentate gyrus of rats, indicating that NMZM had protective effects against scopolamine-induced depression of LTP. Next, we investigated the action of NMZM on GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons and the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors. NMZM directly activated GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons in a weak manner. However, NMZM could potentiate the response of GABAA receptors to GABA and NMZM positively modulated GABAA receptors with an EC50 value of 465 μmol/L at 3 μmol/L GABA while this potentiation at low concentration of GABA (1, 3 μmol/L) was more significant than that at high concentration (10, 30 μmol/L). In addition, NMZM could enhance GABA currents after using diazepam and pentobarbital, the positive modulators of GABAA receptors. NMZM could not affect the etomidate-potentiated GABAA current. It suggested that the binding site of NMZM on GABAA receptors is the same as etomidate. CONCLUSIONS These results provided support for the neuroprotective effect of NMZM, which was partly dependent on the potentiation of GABAA receptors. The etomidate binding site might be a new target for neuronal protection and for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Horton A, Nash K, Tackie-Yarboi E, Kostrevski A, Novak A, Raghavan A, Tulsulkar J, Alhadidi Q, Wamer N, Langenderfer B, Royster K, Ducharme M, Hagood K, Post M, Shah ZA, Schiefer IT. Furoxans (Oxadiazole-4 N-oxides) with Attenuated Reactivity are Neuroprotective, Cross the Blood Brain Barrier, and Improve Passive Avoidance Memory. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4593-4607. [PMID: 29683322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mimetics and other agents capable of enhancing NO/cGMP signaling have demonstrated efficacy as potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. A group of thiol-dependent NO mimetics known as furoxans may be designed to exhibit attenuated reactivity to provide slow onset NO effects. The present study describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a furoxan library resulting in the identification of a prototype furoxan, 5a, which was profiled for use in the central nervous system. Furoxan 5a demonstrated negligible reactivity toward generic cellular thiols under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, cGMP-dependent neuroprotection was observed, and 5a (20 mg/kg) reversed cholinergic memory deficits in a mouse model of passive avoidance fear memory. Importantly, 5a can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and is observed in the brain 12 h after oral administration, suggesting potential for daily dosing and excellent metabolic stability. Continued investigation into furoxans as attenuated NO mimetics for the CNS is warranted.
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20
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Elharram A, Czegledy NM, Golod M, Milne GL, Pollock E, Bennett BM, Shchepinov MS. Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cognition in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2017; 284:4083-4095. [PMID: 29024570 PMCID: PMC5716852 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage resulting from increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) is considered an important factor in the development of late onset/age-related Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to the reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of LPO than regular hydrogenated (H-) PUFAs. We investigated the effect of D-PUFA treatment on LPO and cognitive performance in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) null mice, an established model of oxidative stress-related cognitive impairment that exhibits AD-like pathologies. Mice were fed a Western-type diet containing either D- or H-PUFAs for 18 weeks. D-PUFA treatment markedly decreased cortex and hippocampus F2 -isoprostanes by approximately 55% and prostaglandin F2α by 20-25% as compared to H-PUFA treatment. D-PUFAs consistently improved performance in cognitive/memory tests, essentially resetting performance of the D-PUFA-fed Aldh2-/- mice to that of wild-type mice fed a typical laboratory diet. D-PUFAs therefore represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of LPO, and combat cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elharram
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Nicole M Czegledy
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael Golod
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erik Pollock
- Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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21
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Mouse models of neurodegenerative disease: preclinical imaging and neurovascular component. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:1160-1196. [PMID: 29075922 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent great challenges for basic science and clinical medicine because of their prevalence, pathologies, lack of mechanism-based treatments, and impacts on individuals. Translational research might contribute to the study of neurodegenerative diseases. The mouse has become a key model for studying disease mechanisms that might recapitulate in part some aspects of the corresponding human diseases. Neurodegenerative disorders are very complicated and multifactorial. This has to be taken in account when testing drugs. Most of the drugs screening in mice are very difficult to be interpretated and often useless. Mouse models could be condiderated a 'pathway models', rather than as models for the whole complicated construct that makes a human disease. Non-invasive in vivo imaging in mice has gained increasing interest in preclinical research in the last years thanks to the availability of high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), high field Magnetic resonance, Optical Imaging scanners and of highly specific contrast agents. Behavioral test are useful tool to characterize different animal models of neurodegenerative pathology. Furthermore, many authors have observed vascular pathological features associated to the different neurodegenerative disorders. Aim of this review is to focus on the different existing animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, describe behavioral tests and preclinical imaging techniques used for diagnose and describe the vascular pathological features associated to these diseases.
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22
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Blackmore T, Meftah S, Murray TK, Craig PJ, Blockeel A, Phillips K, Eastwood B, O'Neill MJ, Marston H, Ahmed Z, Gilmour G, Gastambide F. Tracking progressive pathological and functional decline in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:77. [PMID: 28931441 PMCID: PMC5607580 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice and appropriate use of animal models in drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pivotal to successful clinical translation of novel therapeutics, yet true alignment of research is challenging. Current models do not fully recapitulate the human disease, and even exhibit various degrees of regional pathological burden and diverse functional alterations. Given this, relevant pathological and functional endpoints must be determined on a model-by-model basis. The present work explores the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy as a case study to define best practices for the selection and validation of cognitive and functional endpoints for the purposes of pre-clinical AD drug discovery. METHODS Male rTg4510 mice were first tested at an advanced age, 12 months, in multiple behavioural assays (step 1). Severe tau pathology and neurodegeneration was associated with profound locomotor hyperactivity and spatial memory deficits. Four of these assays were then selected for longitudinal assessment, from 4 to 12 months, to investigate whether behavioural performance changes as a function of accumulation of tau pathology (step 2). Experimental suppression of tau pathology-via doxycycline administration-was also investigated for its effect on functional performance. RESULTS Progressive behavioural changes were detected where locomotor activity and rewarded alternation were found to most closely correlate with tau burden and neurodegeneration. Doxycycline initiated at 4 months led to a 50% suppression of transgene expression, which was sufficient to prevent subsequent increases in tau pathology and arrest related functional decline. CONCLUSIONS This two-step approach demonstrates the importance of selecting assays most sensitive to the phenotype of the model. A robust relationship was observed between pathological progression, development of phenotype, and their experimental manipulation-three crucial factors for assessing the translational relevance of future pre-clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blackmore
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK.
| | - Soraya Meftah
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | | | | | - Anthony Blockeel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | - Keith Phillips
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | - Brian Eastwood
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | | | - Hugh Marston
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | - Zeshan Ahmed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
| | - Gary Gilmour
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Windlesham, UK
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23
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Tai LM, Balu D, Avila-Munoz E, Abdullah L, Thomas R, Collins N, Valencia-Olvera AC, LaDu MJ. EFAD transgenic mice as a human APOE relevant preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1733-1755. [PMID: 28389477 PMCID: PMC5580905 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r076315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 1993, APOE4 is the greatest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold compared with APOE3, with APOE2 decreasing AD risk. However, the functional effects of APOE4 on AD pathology remain unclear and, in some cases, controversial. In vivo progress to understand how the human (h)-APOE genotypes affect AD pathology has been limited by the lack of a tractable familial AD-transgenic (FAD-Tg) mouse model expressing h-APOE rather than mouse (m)-APOE. The disparity between m- and h-apoE is relevant for virtually every AD-relevant pathway, including amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and clearance, neuroinflammation, tau pathology, neural plasticity and cerebrovascular deficits. EFAD mice were designed as a temporally useful preclinical FAD-Tg-mouse model expressing the h-APOE genotypes for identifying mechanisms underlying APOE-modulated symptoms of AD pathology. From their first description in 2012, EFAD mice have enabled critical basic and therapeutic research. Here we review insights gleaned from the EFAD mice and summarize future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Deebika Balu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Evangelina Avila-Munoz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Nicole Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612.
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24
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Khan A, Corbett A, Ballard C. Emerging amyloid and tau targeting treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:697-711. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1326819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Institute for NanoBiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Corbett
- King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- King’s College London, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, London, UK
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25
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Comparative Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Curcumin and Solid Lipid Curcumin Particles in Cultured Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells after Exposure to A β42. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 2017:4164872. [PMID: 28567323 PMCID: PMC5439264 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4164872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) plays critical roles in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an antiamyloid natural polyphenol, curcumin (Cur) has a potential role in prevention of neurodegeneration in AD. However, due to limited absorption of the dietary Cur, the solid lipid Cur particles (SLCP) have been suggested as being more effective for AD therapy. In the present study, we compared the role of dietary Cur and SLCP on oxidative stress, neuronal death, p-Tau level, and certain cell survival markers in vitro, after exposure to Aβ42. Mouse neuroblastoma cells were exposed to Aβ42 for 24 h and incubated with or without dietary Cur and/or SLCP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptotic cell death, p-Tau, and tau kinase (including GSK-3β and cell survival markers, such as total Akt, phosphorylated Akt, and PSD95 levels) were investigated. SLCP showed greater permeability than dietary Cur in vitro, decreased ROS production, and prevented apoptotic death. In addition, SLCP also inhibited p-Tau formation and significantly decreased GSK-3β levels. Further, the cell survival markers, such as total Akt, p-Akt, and PSD95 levels, were more effectively maintained by SLCP than dietary Cur in Aβ42 exposed cells. Therefore, SLCP may provide greater neuroprotection than dietary Cur in Alzheimer's disease.
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26
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Ramos-Miguel A, Sawada K, Jones AA, Thornton AE, Barr AM, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Honer WG. Presynaptic proteins complexin-I and complexin-II differentially influence cognitive function in early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:395-407. [PMID: 27866231 PMCID: PMC6542594 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Differences in cognitive reserve may contribute to individual differences in cognitive function in the presence of comparable neuropathology. The protective effects of cognitive reserve could contribute differentially in early versus late stages of the disease. We investigated presynaptic proteins as measures of brain reserve (a subset of total cognitive reserve), and used Braak staging to estimate the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Antemortem evaluations of cognitive function, postmortem assessments of pathologic indices, and presynaptic protein analyses, including the complexins I and II as respective measures of inhibitory and excitatory terminal function, were assayed in multiple key brain regions in 418 deceased participants from a community study. After covarying for demographic variables, pathologic indices, and overall synapse density, lower brain complexin-I and -II levels contributed to cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.01). Each complexin appeared to be dysregulated at a different Braak stage. Inhibitory complexin-I explained 14.4% of the variance in global cognition in Braak 0-II, while excitatory complexin-II explained 7.3% of the variance in Braak V-VI. Unlike other presynaptic proteins, complexins did not colocalize with pathologic tau within neuritic plaques, suggesting that these functional components of the synaptic machinery are cleared early from dystrophic neurites. Moreover, complexin levels showed distinct patterns of change related to memory challenges in a rat model, supporting the functional specificity of these proteins. The present results suggest that disruption of inhibitory synaptic terminals may trigger early cognitive impairment, while excitatory terminal disruption may contribute relatively more to later cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Ken Sawada
- Kochi Prefectural Aki General Hospital, 3-33 Hoheicho, Kochi, 784-0027, Japan
| | - Andrea A Jones
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - William G Honer
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
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27
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Luo J, Lee SH, VandeVrede L, Qin Z, Aissa MB, Larson J, Teich AF, Arancio O, D'Souza Y, Elharram A, Koster K, Tai LM, LaDu MJ, Bennett BM, Thatcher GRJ. Erratum to: A multifunctional therapeutic approach to disease modification in multiple familial mouse models and a novel sporadic model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27194246 PMCID: PMC4870761 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawren VandeVrede
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Pathology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Department of Pathology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yohan D'Souza
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed Elharram
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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