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Prevalence, Diversity, and Risk Factors for Cervical HPV Infection in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090960. [PMID: 36145392 PMCID: PMC9506000 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection of the reproductive tract, and cervical cancer is the most common HPV-related disease. This study estimated the prevalence, diversity of HPV genotypes, and associated risk factors in women screened for cervical cancer in northern Brazil. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, Pará, in the Amazon region of Brazil, and it included 162 women who were spontaneously undergoing a Pap-smear routine. Epidemiological, sexual, and health-related information was collected by interviews, and cervical samples were collected for cytological examination and HPV-DNA detection. HPV genotypes were classified as low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) by nucleotide sequencing. Results: In total, 17.3% (28/162) of the participants had HPV-DNA, and LR-HPV was the most prevalent (71.4%). Among the 13 different types of HPV detected, HPV-11 was found most frequently (12/28; 42.9%), followed by HPV-31 (3/28; 10.7%). Of the participants with cytological alterations, HPV infection was detected in only four: two were diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (15.4%), one with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (7.7%), and one with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (7.7%). Of the 61 women who presented a normal cytology, 13 (21.3%) had positive tests for HPV infection, 4 (8.2%) of which were positive for a high-risk genotype. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV was high in Belém, Pará, and especially in women who had normal cytology results, which suggests the need for greater screening for HPV infection in women’s primary health care.
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dos Santos LM, de Souza JD, Mbakwa HA, Nobre AFS, Vieira RC, Ferrari SF, Rodrigues AR, Ishikawa EAY, Guerreiro JF, de Sousa MS. High prevalence of sexual infection by human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in sexually-active women from a large city in the Amazon region of Brazil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270874. [PMID: 35849577 PMCID: PMC9292084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) worldwide, and are associated cervical cancer and pelvic inflammatory disease, respectively. However, 80% of women testing positive are asymptomatic. In the Amazon region, young women, in particular, are widely exposed to the infections and their consequences. OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of sexual infection by HPV and C. trachomatis in young, sexually-active women treated at a university health program in a large city of the Brazilian Amazon region. METHODS We amplified the L1 gene of HPV. We amplified ompA gene of C. trachomatis by nested PCR, and the study participants filled in a questionnaire on their social, epidemiological, and reproductive health characteristics. The data were analyzed using the Odds Ratio, to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the observed infections. RESULTS The prevalence of infection by HPV was 15.5% (47/303). This infection was recorded in 32.2% of the women of less than 25 years of age (OR:3.02 [CI95%] = 1.32-6.92; p = 0.014), 17.9% of the single women (OR: 2.41 [CI95%] = 1.22-4.75; p = 0.014), 23.8% of the women that reported having first sexual intercourse at less than 15 years of age (OR: 2.22 [CI95%] = 1.16-4.23; p = 0.021), 20% of those that reported having had more than one sexual partner during their lifetime (OR: 3.83 [CI95%] = 1.56-9.37; p = 0.003), and in 28.3% that use oral contraceptives (CI95% = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008). The prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis was 4.6% (14/303), and this bacterium was present in 16.1% of the young women of less than 25 years of age (OR: 2.86 [CI95%] = 1.33-5.43; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We found a high prevalence of HPV in young, unmarried women who started their sex lives early, who had several sexual partners in their lives and who used oral contraceptives. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was high only in young women. Our data are in accordance with other studies in Brazil and in the world and may serve to base the formulation of diagnostic and screening measures for these infections in women in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Miranda dos Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Hilary Acha Mbakwa
- Graduation in Medicine, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Akim Felipe Santos Nobre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Covre Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Maísa Silva de Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tropical Medicine Center, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Machado LFA, Fonseca RRDS, Queiroz MAF, Oliveira-Filho AB, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Vallinoto ACR, Ishak MDOG, Ishak R. The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 years of Surveillance. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050855. [PMID: 34067165 PMCID: PMC8151421 DOI: 10.3390/v13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a worldwide public health problem and, although many of them are curable, they continue to be neglected, especially in areas with a low human development index, such as in the northern region of Brazil. This review describes the results of 30 years of studies at the Virus Laboratory at the Federal University of Pará, including the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, HTLV-1/2, HPV, HBV, Treponema pallidum and Chlamydia trachomatis among urban and non-urban populations, and also in vulnerable groups in the Brazilian Amazon. Control strategies and challenges in preventing STIs are discussed considering this immense geographic region, where essential health services are unable to reach the entire population, especially the most vulnerable, such as female sex workers, people who use illicit drugs, remnants of quilombolos and indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Aldemir Branco Oliveira-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança 68.600-000, Brazil;
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; (R.R.d.S.F.); (M.A.F.Q.); (I.M.V.C.-V.); (A.C.R.V.); (M.d.O.G.I.); (R.I.)
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Suehiro TT, Gimenes F, Souza RP, Taura SKI, Cestari RCC, Irie MMT, Boer CG, Consolaro MEL, Silva VRSD. High molecular prevalence of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections in a population of asymptomatic women who work or study at a Brazilian university. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e1. [PMID: 33503149 PMCID: PMC7816866 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a global health problem with
variable prevalence depending on the geographical region and the type of
population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) encompasses widespread virus types
related to cervical carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the molecular
prevalence of HPV and seven other important STIs in asymptomatic women working
or studying at a Brazilian university. A secondary aim was to assess cytological
abnormalities associated with HPV and other STIs coinfections. We recruited 210
women from a Brazilian university. HPV was detected using a single-round
polymerase chain reaction (sPCR) followed by a viral genotyping by restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). The presence of seven STIs:
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum,
Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus
(HSV)-1 and HSV-2 was detected by multiplex PCR (M-PCR). Furthermore,
cytological findings and epidemiological characteristics were evaluated.The mean
age of the participants was 27.1 years old. HPV prevalence was 33.8%, and HPV16
was the most frequently detected papillomavirus genotype. Moreover, multiple HPV
infections were common (42.2%). We detected at least one STI agent in 11.4% of
the tested women, most frequently C. trachomatis (6.7%). Among
HPV-positive women, 14.1% were coinfected with other STI agents. Cytological
abnormalities were observed in 9.5% of smears, and HPV-DNA, high-risk HPV
(HR-HPV), HPV16 and HPV multiple infections were associated with abnormal
cytological findings. There was a high prevalence of HPV, and C.
trachomatis was the most prevalent STI agent, with low rates of
cytological abnormalities. These findings highlight the need of timely STI
diagnosis in young asymptomatic women and of a public policy design for STI
prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Taianne Suehiro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Gimenes
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pantarotto Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio Ken Iti Taura
- Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá, Ambulatório Médico e de Enfermagem, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mary Mayumi Taguti Irie
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Gandolfi Boer
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Ramos Sela da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Rodrigues MSA, Nascimento RS, Fonseca RRS, Silva-Oliveira GC, Machado LFA, Kupek E, Fischer B, Oliveira-Filho AB. Oral HPV among people who use crack-cocaine: prevalence, genotypes, risk factors, and key interventions in a remote Northern Brazilian region. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:759-767. [PMID: 33222054 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study estimated the prevalence, genotype distribution, and the factors associated with oral human papillomavirus (HPV) in people who use crack-cocaine (PWUCC) in a remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used community-based snowball sampling methods for participant recruitment. Socio-demographic, economic, drug use, and health-related information was collected from 278 PWUCC in the cities of Bragança and Capanema in northern Brazil. HPV diagnosis and genotyping were performed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression identified the factors independently associated with oral HPV. RESULTS In total, 111 (39.9%) PWUCC had HPV DNA. Several genotypes were identified, some of them with high oncogenic potential. Crack-cocaine use ≥40 months, unprotected sex, more than 10 sexual partners in the last 12 months, oral sex, exchange of sex for money or illicit drugs, oral mucosa lesions, not having access to public health services, and the absence of vaccination against HPV was all associated with HPV DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study identified important epidemiological characteristics of oral HPV infection among PWUCC-a highly marginalized risk population-underlining the high prevalence of oral HPV with oncogenic potential and the urgent need for control and prevention measures, especially vaccination against this virus. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is necessary to understand the prevalence and risk factors of oral HPV in risk populations as people who use crack-cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Sabrina A Rodrigues
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA, Brazil
- Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Nascimento
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Roberto S Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gláucia C Silva-Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Emil Kupek
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Federal Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Leandro Ribeiro, s/n. Aldeia, Bragança, PA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA, Brazil.
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Colpani V, Soares Falcetta F, Bacelo Bidinotto A, Kops NL, Falavigna M, Serpa Hammes L, Schwartz Benzaken A, Kalume Maranhão AG, Domingues CMAS, Wendland EM. Prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229154. [PMID: 32084177 PMCID: PMC7034815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital, anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science and SciELO from inception to December 2018. Original research articles that assessed the prevalence of genital (i.e., cervical, penile), anal and oral HPV infection in Brazil were selected in pairs by independent authors. No sex, age, HPV vaccination, language or date restrictions were applied. HPV prevalence was estimated and stratified according to risk factors population and by geographic area throughout the country. The study prevalence was pooled using a random effects model. Analysis was performed using R (version 3.5.2), packages meta version 4.9-4 and metaphor 2.0-0. This review is registered on PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42016032751. RESULTS We identified 3,351 references. After the screening process, 139 of them were eligible for this systematic review (57,513 total participants). Prevalence of cervical HPV was 25.41% (95% CI 22.71-28.32). Additionally, prevalence was 36.21% (95% CI 23.40, 51.33) in the penile region, 25.68% (95%CI 14.64, 41.04) in the anal region, and 11.89% (95%CI 6.26, 21.43) in the oral region. Subgroup analysis showed prevalence in each anatomic site was higher in high-risk populations. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HPV is high in the Brazilian population and varies by population risk and anatomic body site, with lower rates in the oral cavity compared to that in the cervical, penile and anal region. Studies on HPV have primarily been developed to evaluate infection and cancer in the cervical region. There is a profound lack of HPV data in many geographic regions of Brazil and for different anatomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Colpani
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maicon Falavigna
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Adele Schwartz Benzaken
- Tropical Medicine Foundation Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Aids Health Care Foundation, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Márcia Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Wendland EM, Caierão J, Domingues C, Maranhão AGK, de Souza FMA, Hammes LS, Falavigna M, Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, Bessel M, Villa LL, Benzaken AS. POP-Brazil study protocol: a nationwide cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021170. [PMID: 29880568 PMCID: PMC6009568 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalence in sexually active women and men aged 16-25 years and to investigate regional differences in virus prevalence and types. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional, prospective study that will include participants aged 16-25 years from all Brazilian capital cities. Recruitment will occur in primary health units by trained health professionals who will be responsible for collecting biological samples and interviewing the volunteers. After signing informed consent, all participants will answer a questionnaire that will collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. All samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory, and strict quality control will be performed by many different procedures, including double data entry, training and certification of primary care health professionals responsible for data collection, simulation of interviews, and auditing and monitoring of visits. The sample size will be standardised based on the population distribution of each capital using SAS and R statistical software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. This will be the first Brazilian nationwide study to determine overall HPV prevalence and to examine regional differences and social, demographic and behavioural factors related to HPV infection. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will set a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marcia Wendland
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Community Health Department, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Domingues
- National Immunization Program, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Moreno Alves de Souza
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Maicon Falavigna
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute for Health Technology Assessment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Balbinot Hilgert
- Department of Preventive and Social Odontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Odontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adele Schwartz Benzaken
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
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Molecular characterization of lower vaginal swabs for Human papilloma virus in association with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Cameroonian Women. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:314-320. [PMID: 28919017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is an etiological factor for cervical cancer development and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is considered as a cofactor. Understanding the dynamics of HPV and Ct infection could help to explain the incidence of early onset of cervical cancer (CC) observed in Cameroon. Lower vaginal swabs and sera from sexually active women were analyzed for HPV and Ct infection in association with risk factors. Questionnaires were used to document patients' lifestyle and risk factors. A total of 206 women participated in the study average 28.1±8years (16-50 years). HPV prevalence was 23.3% with subtypes 16 and 18 at respectively 2.9% and 1%. Ct infection totalised 40.8%, of which 23.8% were HPV- Ct co-infections. HPV infection was inversely associated with age (p=0.028). We found a positive association between Ct infection and the number of sex partners (p=0.012) and a negative association with parity (p=0.032). There was no significant association between HPV and Ct infections. High rates of HPV and Ct infections could be an indicator of cervical cancer risk in the near future. There is therefore an urgent need for sensitization as well as implementation of appropriate preventive measures.
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de Oliveira GR, Vieira VC, Ávila EC, Finger-Jardim F, Caldeira TDM, Gatti FAA, Gonçalves CV, Oliveira SG, da Hora VP, Soares MA, de Martinez AMB. Human papillomavirus type distribution and HPV16 intratype diversity in southern Brazil in women with and without cervical lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:492-498. [PMID: 28591310 PMCID: PMC5452486 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) intratype variants (specific lineages and sublineages) are associated with pathogenesis and progression from HPV infection to persistence and the development of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the prevalence of HPV infection and distribution of HPV types and HPV16 variants in southern Brazil in women with normal cytology or intraepithelial lesions. METHODS HPV typing was determined by L1 gene sequencing. To identify HPV16 variants, the LCR and E6 regions were sequenced, and characteristic single nucleotide variants were identified. FINDINGS A total of 445 samples were studied, with 355 from cervical scrapes and 90 from cervical biopsies. HPV was detected in 24% and 91% of these samples, respectively. The most prevalent HPV types observed were 16 (cervical, 24%; biopsies, 57%) and 58 (cervical, 12%; biopsies, 12%). Seventy-five percent of the HPV16-positive samples were classified into lineages, with 88% defined as lineage A, 10% as lineage D, and 2% as lineage B. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study identified a high frequency of European and North American HPV16 lineages, consistent with the genetic background of the human population in southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele R de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Valdimara C Vieira
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Emiliana C Ávila
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Finger-Jardim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Thaís DM Caldeira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Fabiane AA Gatti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Carla V Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Centro de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Vanusa P da Hora
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana MB de Martinez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Escola de Medicina, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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Duarte DV, Vieira RC, Brito EBD, Pinheiro MDCN, Monteiro JDSV, Valente MDR, Ishikawa EAY, Fuzii HT, Sousa MSD. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer Screening among Riverside Women of the Brazilian Amazon. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2017; 39:350-357. [PMID: 28658700 PMCID: PMC10416179 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall and type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among females living in riverside communities in the state of Pará, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. These communities are inhabited by low-income people, and are accessible only by small boats. Cervical cytology and risk factors for HPV infection were also assessed. Methods Cervical samples from 353 women of selected communities were collected both for Papanicolau (Pap) test and HPV detection. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR were used to assess the overall and type-specific prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18, the main oncogenic types worldwide. Epidemiological questionnaires were used for the assessment of the risk factors for HPV infection. Results The mean age of the participants was 37 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 13.7). Most were married or with a fixed sexual partner (79%), and had a low educational level (80%) and family monthly income (< U$ 250; 53%). Overall, HPV prevalence was 16.4% (n = 58), with 8 cases of HPV-16 (2.3%) and 5 of HPV-18 (1.4%). Almost 70% of the women surveyed had never undergone the Pap test. Abnormal cytology results were found in 27.5% (n = 97) of the samples, with higher rates of HPV infection according to the severity of the lesions (p = 0.026). Conclusions The infections by HPV-16 and HPV-18 were not predominant in our study, despite the high prevalence of overall HPV infection. Nevertheless, the oncogenic potential of these types and the low coverage of the Pap test among women from riverside communities demonstrate a potential risk for the development of cervical lesions and their progression to cervical cancer, since the access to these communities is difficult and, in most cases, these women do not have access to primary care and public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Valim Duarte
- Molecular and Celular Biology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Covre Vieira
- Molecular and Celular Biology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Elza Baía de Brito
- Citopathology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
- Molecular and Celular Biology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hellen Thais Fuzii
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maísa Silva de Sousa
- Molecular and Celular Biology Laboratory, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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