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Eto H, Yamazaki A, Tomo Y, Tanegashima K, Edamura K. Generation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from the affected femoral heads of dogs with Legg Calvé Perthes disease. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1172-1181. [PMID: 38938425 PMCID: PMC11199743 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Canine Legg Calvé Perthes disease (LCPD) occurs during the growth period, and the cause of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head during growth remains unclear. If LCPD-affected femoral head-derived mesenchymal stem cells (LCPD-MSCs) can be generated, they can be used as a new tool for the pathophysiological analysis of canine LCPD. Aim To generate affected femoral head-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dogs with LCPD and investigate the mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis-related factors and osteogenic differentiation potency of LCPD-MSCs. Methods This study was performed using affected femoral heads from dogs diagnosed with LCPD and underwent femoral head and neck ostectomy. The necrotic tissue was harvested from the LCPD-affected femoral head and cultured statically (LCPD group, n = 6). Canine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were used as controls (control group, n = 6). First, the morphology of the cultured cells was observed, and the expression of CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, and major histocompatibility complex class II was analyzed using flow cytometry. Additionally, the trilineage differentiation potency of the LCPD-affected head-derived adherent cells was examined. Furthermore, the expression levels of HIF1A, VEGFA, VEGFB, and PDGFB mRNAs and the bone differentiation potency of LCPD-affected head-derived adherent cells were investigated. Results LCPD-affected femoral head-derived adherent cells showed a fibroblast-like morphology, and the expression of cell surface antigens was similar to that of BM-MSCs. In addition, LCPD-affected femoral head-derived adherent cells showed the same trilineage differentiation potency as BM-MSCs and were consistent with MSC characteristics. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of angiogenesis-related factors could be objectively measured in LCPD-MSCs and those MSCs had bone differentiation potency. Conclusion In the present study, canine LCPD-MSCs were successfully generated, suggesting their usefulness as a tool for pathological analysis of LCPD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinano Eto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuma Tomo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Koji Tanegashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Edamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource and Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Waters DJ, Fu R, Carrillo AE, Chiang EC, Maras AH, Kengeri SS, Suckow CL. Correlates of estimated lifetime cruciate ligament survival inform potential rupture risk reduction strategies: findings from the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13920. [PMID: 37626101 PMCID: PMC10457323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is one of the most commonly diagnosed orthopedic conditions of pet dogs, making estimated lifetime cruciate ligament survival an attractive endpoint for studies attempting to define clinical and genetic correlates of rupture risk reduction. Early life experiences contribute significantly to the origins of adult health outcomes, yet our current understanding of modifiable susceptibility factors that drive the high frequency of CCL rupture remains limited. We reasoned that combining lifetime medical history with standardized late-life assessment of lifetime cruciate ligament survival and detailed phenotyping of each dog for selected risk variables would provide a sensitive approach to identify factors that would differentiate between lifelong avoidance versus susceptibility to ligament rupture. Here, we report results of Kaplan-Meier analysis of estimated lifetime cruciate ligament survival and Cox proportional hazards modeling to assess risk variables in a lifetime cohort study of 123 purebred Rottweilers, a breed at high risk for veterinarian-diagnosed CCL rupture. We show that gonad removal during the 24-month developmental period is adversely associated with three measures of susceptibility-increased incidence of CCL rupture, multiplicity (bilateral rupture), and accelerated time to initial CCL failure. Our analysis reveals two other phenotypes-short adult height and the production of offspring (in females)-are associated with significant CCL rupture risk reduction. Together, the results provide clues to an early endocrine influence on lifetime cruciate ligament survival. Further, we identify two distinct clinical syndromes of CCL failure, providing a disease subtyping framework to advance future progress in genetic epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prediction. By conducting an evaluation of estimated lifetime CCL survival in dogs, we show that cruciate ligament survival may be jeopardized by gonad removal during the developmental period. Avoidance of such early environmental adversity may represent an actionable method for the control of canine CCL disease in certain breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Waters
- Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and the Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Sociology, Siena College, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Emily C Chiang
- Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Aimee H Maras
- Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Seema S Kengeri
- Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- Franciscan Physician Network, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Cheri L Suckow
- Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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Etiopathogenesis of Canine Cruciate Ligament Disease: A Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020187. [PMID: 36670727 PMCID: PMC9855089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spontaneous rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs remains a pathoetiologic puzzle. Despite much progress in research over the past years, the systemic and local mechanisms leading to ligament degeneration and structural failure remain largely obscure. This scoping review focuses on pathogenesis and aims at summarizing and interpreting today's knowledge on causes of canine cruciate ligament rupture, i.e., the multifactorial mechanisms leading to degenerative stifle joint disease with collagen matrix degeneration and structural failures. Thus, the initial view of traumatic ligament rupture, fostered by "wear and tear", has clearly been replaced by a new concept of systemic processes linked to progressive degenerative joint disease and ligament failure; thus, the term "cranial cruciate ligament disease" has been coined and is generally accepted. In addition, cruciate ligament rupture in people shares some similarities with the lesion in dogs; therefore, the review also includes comparative studies. The methods used were based on the PRISMA-ScR model (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews).
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Freudenberg LS, Sewerin P, Ohlerth SM, Pomykala KL, Freudenberg S, Rischpler C, Lützen U. The future of radiosynoviorthesis: bright or bleak? THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2022; 66:345-351. [PMID: 35708602 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.22.03475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) is a decades known, effective intra-articular nuclear medicine local therapy, with few rare side-effects, in which inflamed synovial membrane is treated by means of colloidal beta-emitters. There are major variations worldwide in terms of acceptance, frequency of use and approved indications for this procedure. Thus, reliable figures that reflect reality are only available for a few countries. A Europe-wide survey revealed that RSO is carried out most frequently in Germany, where RSO is the most common nuclear medicine therapy with about 70,000 joints treated per year. The main indications include synovitis due to rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), and depending on national approvals, osteoarthritis. Despite the many indications, there are very few published scientific studies and therefore, RSO evidence is lacking. Reliable data on the clinical usage of RSO and demographics of RSO specialists are only available in Germany, thus we discuss the future challenges of RSO mainly from a German perspective. In the German healthcare system, RSO is performed primarily on an outpatient basis and plays only a minor role in the university setting. The necessary expertise for RSO is therefore lacking, for the most part, at university training centers. Currently, nearly more than three quarters of the German RSO experts are over fifty years old, illustrating a shortage of young talent. In the future, RSO providers from the non-university or private sector will have to cooperate with universities through networks and will have to intensify their cooperation with referring physicians, such as rheumatologist and orthopedic surgeons, and patients in order to maintain a timely and beneficial exchange of information. In networks of RSO experts, the participants must jointly develop and establish training concepts and facilities for future talents, elaborate on guidelines, if clinically useful expand the range of indications, initiate studies to generate further evidence and finally make the procedure more public. In addition, it is worthwhile to apply this process beyond human medicine to other fields, such as medical physics and veterinary medicine. If these points are implemented, the future of RSO will be bright, if it fails, it looks bleak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz S Freudenberg
- ZRN Rheinland und ZRN MVZ GmbH, Korschenbroich, Germany -
- Exzellenznetzwerk RSO e.V., Langgöns, Germany -
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany -
| | - Phillipp Sewerin
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Ohlerth
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kelsey L Pomykala
- Institution for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Lützen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Sasaki A, Hidaka Y, Mochizuki M, Honnami M. Computed Tomographic Measurements of the Sulcus Angle of the Femoral Trochlea in Small-Breed Dogs with and without Medial Patellar Luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2022; 35:314-320. [PMID: 35760367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Trochleoplasty is often performed in dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL); however, the current guidelines on when to perform a trochleoplasty in dogs are vague. The sulcus angle (SA) is used to assess the femoral trochlear morphology in humans. The aim of this study is to describe a method to measure the SA and other parameters of trochlea morphology in dogs using computed tomography. First, we searched for a suitable measuring location for the SA. Transverse images of the femurs were obtained as perpendicular planes to the tangent of the femoral trochlea which was 0 to 60 degrees (every 5 degrees) to the anatomical axis of the femur. The deepest point of the femoral trochlea was found in the transverse images perpendicular to the tangent of the femoral trochlea which was at 15 degrees to the anatomical axis of the femur. The SA and the other parameters of femoral trochlea morphology were measured at the deepest point of the femoral trochlea. The SA of the stifle joints with grade 3 and 4 MPL was significantly higher than the SA of stifle joints not affected by MPL. There was no significant difference in the SA between dogs affected by grade 1 and 2 MPL and dogs not affected by MPL. Further studies are needed to establish whether the SA can be used as selection criteria for trochleoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Hidaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneki Honnami
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimada M, Wada K, Tanaka S, Murakami S, Kanno N, Hayashi K, Hara Y. Effects of long-term and high-dose administration of glucocorticoids on the cranial cruciate ligament in healthy beagle dogs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262206. [PMID: 35061786 PMCID: PMC8782538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of long-term and high-dose administration of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the histological and mechanical properties of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) in healthy beagle dogs. A synthetic corticosteroid at 2 mg/kg every 12 h was administered for 84 days in nine dogs (18 CrCLs) (GC group). Twenty CrCLs from 12 healthy male beagles were used as the normal control (control group). CrCLs were histologically examined (n = 12 in the GC group and n = 14 in the control group) using hematoxylin-eosin, Alcian-Blue, Elastica-Eosin stains, and immunohistological staining of type 1 collagen and elastin. An additional 12 CrCLs were mechanically tested (n = 6 in the GC and n = 6 in the control groups) to determine failure pattern, maximum tensile strength, maximum stress, elastic modulus, and stress and strain at the transition point. The histological examination revealed a significant increase in interfascicular area and fibrillar disorientation at the tibial attachment in both groups. The ratios of mucopolysaccharide-positive area and positive areas of elastic fibers were significantly higher in the control group than in the GC group. The biomechanical examination demonstrated significantly lower stress at the transition point in the GC group than in the control group. The present study results indicate that high-dose corticosteroids may affect metabolism, such as mucopolysaccharides and elastic fibers production, although the effect on type 1 collagen production is small. These changes of the extracellular matrix had a small effect on the strength of the ligament. This study suggested that the ligamentous changes associated with GC are different from the degeneration observed in spontaneous canine CrCL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Shimada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Koki Wada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Tanaka
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Murakami
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kanno
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Danielski A, Krekis A, Yeadon R, Solano MA, Parkin T, Vezzoni A, Pfeil I. Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs. Vet Surg 2021; 51:136-147. [PMID: 34370337 PMCID: PMC9292888 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To report complications and prognostic factors in dogs undergoing proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy (PAUL). To evaluate the ability to predict complications on the basis of post‐operative radiographic examination. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Animals Sixty‐six dogs. Methods Medical records of dogs treated with PAUL between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed for demographics, intraoperative findings, and post‐operative complications. Post‐operative radiographs were reviewed by two masked expert orthopedic surgeons, who were asked to predict the likelihood of major mechanical complications. The prognostic value of variables was tested with univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Inter‐investigator agreement to predict complications was evaluated with two‐by‐two tables and kappa coefficient. Results Seventy‐four PAULs in 66 dogs were included. Duration of follow‐up ranged from 12 to 75 months (median: 53 months). Post‐operative complications were documented in 19/74 limbs (16 dogs), including major complications in 13 limbs. These complications consisted mainly of non‐union (six limbs), implant failure (two limbs), and infection (two limbs) requiring revision surgery in nine limbs. Body weight was the only variable associated with an increased risk of post‐operative complications (p = .04). Agreement between expert predictions was low (respectively k = −0.08 and k = 0.11). Conclusion Major complications were reported in one fourth of limbs treated with PAUL and were more likely as body weight increased. Suboptimal plate and screw placement or osteotomy reduction on post‐operative radiographs were poorly predictive of complications. Clinical Significance Complications are fairly common after PAUL, particularly in heavier dogs, and post‐operative radiographic examination seems unreliable to predict those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Danielski
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, UK.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tim Parkin
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
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Donecker J, Fabiani M, Gaschen L, Aulakh KS. Treatment response in dogs with naturally occurring grade 3 elbow osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection of 117mSn (tin) colloid. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254613. [PMID: 34280212 PMCID: PMC8289027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The radionuclide 117mSn (tin-117m) embedded in a homogeneous colloid is a novel radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) device for intra-articular (IA) administration to treat synovial inflammation and mitigate osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. A study to evaluate tin-117m colloid treatment response in dogs with OA was conducted at two centers, the School of Veterinary Medicine at Louisiana State University, and at a referral practice in Houston, Texas. The tin-117m colloid was administered per-protocol to 14 client-owned dogs with radiographically confirmed, grade 3 OA in one or both elbow joints. Dog owners and attending clinicians assessed the level of pain at baseline (BL) and the post-treatment pain response at 90-day intervals for one year. Owners assessed treatment response according to a pain severity score (PSS) and a pain interference score (PIS) as defined by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory. Clinicians reported a lameness score using a 0–5 scale, from no lameness to continuous non-weight bearing lameness, when observing dogs at a walk and a trot. The rate of treatment success as determined by improved mean PSS and PIS scores reported by dog owners was >70% at all time points. Clinicians reported an improved mean pain score from BL at post-treatment Days 90 (p<0.05), 180, and 270. The dog owner and clinician assessments of treatment success were significantly correlated (p>0.05) at Day 90 and Day 180 time points. Results indicated that a single IA dose of tin-117m colloid provided a significant reduction in pain and lameness and improved functionality for up to a full year, with no adverse treatment related effects, in a high percentage of dogs with advanced, clinical OA of the elbow joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Donecker
- Exubrion Therapeutics, Buford, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle Fabiani
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Karanvir Singh Aulakh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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Engdahl K, Emanuelson U, Höglund O, Bergström A, Hanson J. The epidemiology of cruciate ligament rupture in an insured Swedish dog population. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9546. [PMID: 33953264 PMCID: PMC8100293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciate ligament rupture (CLR) is a common orthopedic disorder in dogs. The study objectives were to evaluate incidence rate (IR), cause-specific mortality rate (CSMR) and risk factors for CLR in insured dogs. A single cohort study of dogs insured in Agria Pet Insurance in Sweden (2011–2016) was performed. Age at diagnosis, IR, CSMR and relative risk (RR) for CLR was calculated overall and per breed. The cohort included just over 600,000 dogs. The IR of CLR was 23.8 (95% confidence interval, 23.1–24.6) cases per 10,000 DYAR. The breeds with highest RR of CLR were Boerboel and Dogo Canario, while the breeds with lowest RR were Standard Dachshund and Miniature Pinscher. Dogue de Bordeaux had highest RR of euthanasia due to CLR. The median age at veterinary care claim for CLR was 7.1 (range 0.3–16.0) years and 6.6 (0.3–12) years at life insurance settlement. Large and giant breeds were generally diagnosed and euthanized due to CLR at a younger age compared to smaller breeds. The majority of the breeds with increased RR of CLR diagnosis and CLR-related euthanasia were large or giant. A pattern of increasing size and decreasing age at diagnosis/CLR-related euthanasia was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Odd Höglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bergström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rudd Garces G, Arizmendi A, Barrientos LS, Crespi JA, Morales H, Peral García P, Padula G, Giovambattista G. Epidemiology of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Patellar Luxation in Dogs from the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020; 34:24-31. [PMID: 33058091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation and the associated risk factors in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 13,072 clinical records of dogs were reviewed from School Hospital (Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata). Data of age, breed, sex, body weight, patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture condition were registered. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation with the variables and then univariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation. Multivariable logistic regression was used including all variables to assess the odds of having patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture. RESULTS Of 13,072 patients treated, 72 and 51 had cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation respectively. Sex was not a major risk factor for either condition. Adult (odds ratio [OR] = 8.2) and senior (OR = 4.3) patients had increased risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, while for patellar luxation age was not a risk factor. Groups 2, 3 and 8 were more likely to have cranial cruciate ligament rupture (OR = 5.5, OR = 9.1 and OR = 2.6), and group 11 had lower risk of having patellar luxation (OR = 0.08). Maxi (OR = 2.4) and giant (OR = 6.0) breeds had higher risk of having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and medium and maxi breeds had higher risk of patellar luxation (OR = 0.05 and OR = 0.3). Multivariate OR test confirmed that age (adult), body size (giant and maxi) and breed group (Group 3) were significantly associated with having cranial cruciate ligament rupture, and age was associated with having patellar luxation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first epidemiological study of cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation in dogs from School Hospital (Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata). Giant and large adult dogs from the Molossoid and Terrier breeds were more likely to have cranial cruciate ligament rupture, while mixed and large dog breeds showed the lowest risk of having patellar luxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rudd Garces
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Arizmendi
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Hospital Escuela de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura S Barrientos
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián A Crespi
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Morales
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pilar Peral García
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisel Padula
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Humphries A, Shaheen AF, Gómez Álvarez CB. Biomechanical comparison of standing posture and during trot between German shepherd and Labrador retriever dogs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239832. [PMID: 33007006 PMCID: PMC7531786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that canine breeds stand and move differently. The prevalence of various musculoskeletal disorders such as hip and elbow dysplasia is also different between breeds. German shepherd dog (GSD) and Labrador retriever dog (LRD) are two large breeds with different conformations that have high prevalence of these disorders. This study quantifies the movement and standing posture of twelve healthy GSDs and twelve healthy LRDs to identify biomechanical similarities and differences that may be linked to sub-optimal hip and elbow mechanics. A pressure walkway and a motion capture system obtained measures of kinetics, kinematics and conformation during standing and trot. During standing, LRDs carry a greater percentage of the weight on the forelimbs (69%±5% vs. GSDs: 62%±2%, p<0.001) and their body Centre of Pressure (CoP) is located more cranially (p<0.001). GSDs had a greater pelvic tilt (79°±8 vs. 66°±9°, p = 0.004), more flexed stifles (44°±9° vs. LRDs: 34°±10°, p<0.05) and hocks (58°±11° vs. 26°±9°, p<0.01) and more extended hips (-10°±11° vs. 30°±12°, p<0.001). During trot, the GSDs’ CoP had a longer anterior-posterior trajectory (151%±22% vs. LRDs: 93%±25% of the withers height, p<0.001). Stride parameters and loading of limbs were similar when normalised to the size and weight of the dog, respectively. The LRDs had a more extended thoracolumbar angle (p<0.001) and a less flexed lumbosacral angle (p<0.05). The LRDs’ hip remained flexed during trot whereas the GSDs’ hip joint was less flexed during swing (p<0.001) and more extended in late stance and early swing (p<0.001). In conclusion, the LRDs and GSDs differ in the way they stand and move and this would result in different loading pattern of the joints. Further investigation is required to determine the extent to which biomechanical differences are linked to musculoskeletal problems presented clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Humphries
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Aliah F Shaheen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constanza B Gómez Álvarez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Bannasch DL, Baes CF, Leeb T. Genetic Variants Affecting Skeletal Morphology in Domestic Dogs. Trends Genet 2020; 36:598-609. [PMID: 32487495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purebred dog breeds provide a powerful resource for the discovery of genetic variants affecting skeletal morphology. Domesticated and subsequently purebred dogs have undergone strong artificial selection for a broad range of skeletal variation, which include both the size and shapes of their bones. While the phenotypic variation between breeds is high, within-breed morphological variation is typically low. Approaches for defining genetic variants associated with canine morphology include quantitative within-breed analyses, as well as across-breed analyses, using breed standards as proxies for individual measurements. The ability to identify variants across the genomes of individual dogs can now be paired with precise measures of morphological variation to define the genetic interactions and the phenotypic effect of variants on skeletal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Christine F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Field MA, Rosen BD, Dudchenko O, Chan EKF, Minoche AE, Edwards RJ, Barton K, Lyons RJ, Tuipulotu DE, Hayes VM, D. Omer A, Colaric Z, Keilwagen J, Skvortsova K, Bogdanovic O, Smith MA, Aiden EL, Smith TPL, Zammit RA, Ballard JWO. Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa027. [PMID: 32236524 PMCID: PMC7111595 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The German Shepherd Dog (GSD) is one of the most common breeds on earth and has been bred for its utility and intelligence. It is often first choice for police and military work, as well as protection, disability assistance, and search-and-rescue. Yet, GSDs are well known to be susceptible to a range of genetic diseases that can interfere with their training. Such diseases are of particular concern when they occur later in life, and fully trained animals are not able to continue their duties. FINDINGS Here, we provide the draft genome sequence of a healthy German Shepherd female as a reference for future disease and evolutionary studies. We generated this improved canid reference genome (CanFam_GSD) utilizing a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. The GSD assembly is ∼80 times as contiguous as the current canid reference genome (20.9 vs 0.267 Mb contig N50), containing far fewer gaps (306 vs 23,876) and fewer scaffolds (429 vs 3,310) than the current canid reference genome CanFamv3.1. Two chromosomes (4 and 35) are assembled into single scaffolds with no gaps. BUSCO analyses of the genome assembly results show that 93.0% of the conserved single-copy genes are complete in the GSD assembly compared with 92.2% for CanFam v3.1. Homology-based gene annotation increases this value to ∼99%. Detailed examination of the evolutionarily important pancreatic amylase region reveals that there are most likely 7 copies of the gene, indicative of a duplication of 4 ancestral copies and the disruption of 1 copy. CONCLUSIONS GSD genome assembly and annotation were produced with major improvement in completeness, continuity, and quality over the existing canid reference. This resource will enable further research related to canine diseases, the evolutionary relationships of canids, and other aspects of canid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Field
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield Road, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Garran Rd, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service USDA, Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Olga Dudchenko
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical and Biological Physics, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Eva K F Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andre E Minoche
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard J Edwards
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kirston Barton
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ruth J Lyons
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Arina D. Omer
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Zane Colaric
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jens Keilwagen
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Ksenia Skvortsova
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin A Smith
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical and Biological Physics, Rice University, Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, ShanghaiTech University, Huaxia Middle Rd, Pudong 201210, China
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service USDA, Rd 313, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Robert A Zammit
- Vineyard Veterinary Hospital, Windsor Rd, Vineyard, NSW 2765, Australia
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, High St, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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Boge GS, Moldal ER, Dimopoulou M, Skjerve E, Bergström A. Correction to: Breed susceptibility for common surgically treated orthopaedic diseases in 12 dog breeds. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:10. [PMID: 32075671 PMCID: PMC7031968 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-0507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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