1
|
Greene MC, Busse A, Ventevogel P, Kane J, Ezard N. Moving from feasible to essential: Progress and future directions for promoting the implementation of substance use services for forcibly displaced populations in humanitarian settings. Addiction 2024; 119:408-410. [PMID: 37968774 PMCID: PMC11176524 DOI: 10.1111/add.16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent research demonstrates that implementing evidence-based substance use interventions in humanitarian settings is feasible. Further evidence regarding the effectiveness, scalability and implementation of these interventions, including context-specific priorities, must be generated to ensure they are adopted as essential components integrated into the humanitarian health and social response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Claire Greene
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anja Busse
- Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ventevogel
- Public Health Section, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Kane
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nadine Ezard
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alasmari MS, Almohammed OA, Hammad AM, Altulayhi KA, Alkadi BK, Alasmari AF, Alqahtani F, Sari Y, Alasmari F. Effects of Beta Lactams on Behavioral Outcomes of Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Neuroscience 2024; 537:58-83. [PMID: 38036059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical studies demonstrated that beta-lactams have neuroprotective effects in conditions involving glutamate neuroexcitotoxicity, including substance use disorders (SUDs). This meta-analysis aims to analyze the existing evidences on the effects of beta-lactams as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) upregulators in animal models of SUDs, identification of gaps in the literature, and setting the stage for potential translation into clinical phases. METHODS Meta-analysis was conducted on preclinical studies retrieved systematically from MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Abused substances were identified by refereeing to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The results were quantitatively described with a focus on the behavioral outcomes. Treatment effect sizes were described using standardized mean difference, and they were pooled using random effect model. I2-statistic was used to assess heterogeneity, and Funnel plot and Egger's test were used for assessment of publication bias. RESULTS Literature search yielded a total of 71 studies that were eligible to be included in the analysis. Through these studies, the effects of beta-lactams were evaluated in animal models of nicotine, cannabis, amphetamines, synthetic cathinone, opioids, ethanol, and cocaine use disorders as well as steroids-related aggressive behaviors. Meta-analysis showed that treatments with beta-lactams consistently reduced the pooled undesired effects of the abused substances in several paradigms, including drug-self administration, conditioned place preference, drug seeking behaviors, hyperlocomotion, withdrawal syndromes, tolerance to analgesic effects, hyperalgesia, and hyperthermia. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed that enhancing GLT-1 expression in the brain through beta-lactams seemed to be a promising treatment approach in the context of substance use disorders, as indicated by results in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M Hammad
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid A Altulayhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader K Alkadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva JP. Health services for substance use disorders: challenges and future perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1063. [PMID: 37798707 PMCID: PMC10557234 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the health services' response to substance use disorders and respective comorbidities holds major relevance due to the increasing prevalence of these ailments. We thus invite contributions to a new Collection of articles launched by BMC Health Services Research titled "Health services for substance use disorders".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haddad S, Shawa M, Kane JC, Bwalya B, Sienkiewicz M, Kilbane G, Chibemba V, Chiluba P, Mtongo N, Metz K, Chibwe M, Mushabati N, Zulu A, Paul R, Banda Z, Loongo H, Kamanga M, Greene MC. Alcohol and other drug use patterns and services in an integrated refugee settlement in Northern Zambia: a formative research study. Confl Health 2023; 17:40. [PMID: 37620915 PMCID: PMC10464007 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and how to effectively deliver services to address AOD use in humanitarian settings is limited. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the patterns of AOD use among Congolese refugees in Mantapala Refugee Settlement and members of the surrounding host community and identify potential appropriate intervention and implementation approaches to address AOD use disorders among conflict-affected populations. METHODS Fifty free listing interviews, 25 key informant interviews, and four focus group discussions were conducted among refugees, host community members, humanitarian implementing agency staff, and refugee incentive workers. These participants were selected based on their knowledge of AOD use and related problems in the settlement and the surrounding host community in northern Zambia. RESULTS Cannabis and home-brewed alcohol were the substances that were perceived to be most commonly used and have the greatest impact on the community. Participants reported that self-medication, boredom, and relief of daily stressors associated with lack of housing, safety, and employment were reasons that people used AODs. Participants recommended that programming include components to address the underlying causes of AOD use, such as livelihood activities. Stigma due to the criminalization of and societal ideals and religious beliefs regarding AOD use was identified as a substantial barrier to accessing and seeking treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study's findings indicate the need for services to address AOD use in Mantapala Refugee Settlement. Interventions should consider the social and structural determinants of AOD use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Haddad
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mbaita Shawa
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jeremy C Kane
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Megan Sienkiewicz
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Grace Kilbane
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Veronica Chibemba
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Princess Chiluba
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nkumbu Mtongo
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kristina Metz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mildred Chibwe
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Allan Zulu
- CARE Zambia, PO Box 36238, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ravi Paul
- School of Medicine, University of Zambia, University Teaching Hospital, PO Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Zaliwe Banda
- Zambia Ministry of Health, PO Box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Muzi Kamanga
- Women in Law and Development in Africa, PO Box 31456, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - M Claire Greene
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deac AA, Zaviryukha I, Rozanova J, Zeziulin O, Kiriazova T, Shenoi S, Peycheva A, de Souza RS, Skipper H, Abubakar AA, Gustilo VB, Thornicroft G, Dellamura P, Rich KM, Earnshaw V, Bromberg DJ, Mamedova E, Yariy V. Treatment System Adaptations during War: Lessons from Ukrainian Addiction Treatment Providers. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1447-1450. [PMID: 37317994 PMCID: PMC10527686 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The war in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the healthcare system. This paper draws upon expert consultations, held between December 2022 and February 2023, focused on HIV/AIDS, addiction, and mental health service delivery during the first year of this war, and following the Global Mental Health Humanitarian Coalition panel discussion in May 2022. Objectives: This commentary presents the experiences of frontline healthcare workers in Ukraine, challenges, and local adaptations to meet the increased mental health needs of healthcare providers. We aimed to document the adaptations made in the addiction healthcare system and to acknowledge the changes in vulnerabilities and lessons learned. Results: Burnout among healthcare providers delivering addiction, HIV/AIDS and mental health services became more visible after the second half of 2022. Challenges included increased workload, contextual threats, lack of job relocation strategies, and money-follow-the-patient policies. Recommendations: The lessons from the first year of war in Ukraine hold significant generalizability to other contexts. These include enabling bottom-up approaches to tailoring services and allowing healthcare providers to respond to the dynamics of war in an effective and active manner. Other recommendations include departmental-specific resources and strategies, particularly as vulnerable groups and challenges are unstable in humanitarian contexts. Conclusions: Globally and in Ukraine, healthcare workers need more than applause. Along with monetary incentives, other strategies to prevent burnout, ensure sustainable capacity building, job relocation opportunities, and bespoke adaptations are imperative to protect healthcare providers' wellbeing and overall public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Deac
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Julia Rozanova
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Sheela Shenoi
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anna Peycheva
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Renata Solórzano de Souza
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Harry Skipper
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Asmau A. Abubakar
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - V. Benjamin Gustilo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Paula Dellamura
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Valerie Earnshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel J. Bromberg
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA), Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Volodymyr Yariy
- Kyiv City Addiction Treatment Clinic “Sociotherapy”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Selm L, White TM, Picchio CA, Requena-Méndez A, Busz M, Bakker I, Romero D, Perez Gayo R, Pouille A, Vanderplasschen W, Lazarus JV. Drug use and access to drug dependency services for vulnerable migrants who use drugs in the European Union: Consensus statements and recommendations from civil society experts in Europe. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2023; 118:104087. [PMID: 37307786 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of migrants in the European Union (EU) has been growing, including migrants at risk of using drugs. Little information is available on the actual drug use among first-generation migrants who use drugs in the EU, nor on their access to drug dependency services. This study aims to reach consensus among experts in the EU on the current situation regarding vulnerable migrants who use drugs in the EU and to develop a set of actionable recommendations. METHODS Between April and September 2022, a panel of 57 experts on migration and/or drug use, working in 24 countries, participated in a three-stage Delphi study to develop statements and recommendations about drug use and access to healthcare services for migrants who use drugs in the EU. RESULTS High levels of agreement were reached on the 20 statements (mean=98.0%) and 15 recommendations (mean=99.7%). The recommendations focus on four main topics; 1) increasing data availability and quality, to inform guidelines; 2) increasing the availability of drug dependency services for migrants, including screening for mental health issues and involving migrants who use drugs in the development of services; 3) eliminating country and service level barriers for accessing these services, as well as providing migrants who use drugs with suitable information, and combating stigma and discrimination; 4) the need for increased collaboration among and within EU countries regarding healthcare for migrants who use drugs, at the policy level as well as the service level, including civil society organisations, peer navigation and multilingual cultural mediators. CONCLUSION Policy action and increased collaboration are required by the EU as a whole and by individual EU member states, in addition to collaboration among healthcare providers and social welfare services, to increase access to healthcare services for migrants who use drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena van Selm
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trenton M White
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila A Picchio
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Requena-Méndez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Diana Romero
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, New York, United States
| | - Roberto Perez Gayo
- Correlation - European Harm Reduction Network, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aline Pouille
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York City, New York, United States; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Greene MC. Commentary on Saleh et al: The triple burden of stigma experienced by forcibly displaced people with substance use disorder - considerations for research and practice. Addiction 2023; 118:254-255. [PMID: 36457268 DOI: 10.1111/add.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Claire Greene
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hertner L, Stylianopoulos P, Heinz A, Kluge U, Schäfer I, Penka S. Substance (mis)use among refugees as a matter of social ecology: insights into a multi-site rapid assessment in Germany. Confl Health 2023; 17:1. [PMID: 36658646 PMCID: PMC9850330 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-023-00499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research concluded that substance (mis)use is increasing among forcibly displaced populations. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted within a social ecological framework aimed at identifying and understanding the factors affecting substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context in high-income countries. The present study aims to develop an understanding of the links and underlying mechanisms between refugees' social ecological determinants and substance (mis)using behavior. METHODS Rapid assessments (RAs), including 108 semi-structured interviews and 10 focus group discussions with key persons from various professional, and personal backgrounds, were carried out in German urban and rural areas. The RA approach of interviewing key persons and not solely refugees that (mis)use substances allowed us to gather multi-perspective knowledge on this sensitive topic. Qualitative content analysis was applied, aiming at identifying determinants of substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context of refugees and understanding the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS One main result of the data suggests that the link between refugees' countries of origin and their post-migration substance (mis)use is not as direct as often assumed. It is observed that refugees' prospects and opportunities in receiving countries (e.g., work permits) undermine this commonly reproduced link. Further determinants are related to living conditions in German refugee shelters and social relations with peers and families. The influence of refugees' living conditions can be summarized as potentially increasing substance availability and distress, whereas family separation produces a loss of control and responsibility, increasing the risk for substance (mis)use. Peers' influence on substance (mis)use was reported to reflect a search for a sense of belonging. CONCLUSIONS Given that refugees who (mis)use substances have limited to no control over the factors identified in our study to be associated with substance (mis)use, common treatment and prevention approaches are challenged. Furthermore, we recommend aiming for a holistic comprehension of refugees' substance (mis)use by expanding the focus beyond individuals to the social ecological context in any attempt, including prevention, treatment, research, and policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hertner
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Stylianopoulos
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Berlin Institute for Empirical Integration and Migration Research at the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kluge
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Berlin Institute for Empirical Integration and Migration Research at the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Penka
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences at the Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scarlett H, Melchior M, Davisse-Paturet C, Aarbaoui TE, Longchamps C, Figueiredo N, Ducarroz S. Substance Use Among Residents of Homeless Shelters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From France. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604684. [PMID: 36090832 PMCID: PMC9452639 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To record the prevalence and risk factors of substance use amongst homeless persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The ECHO study consisted in two independent cross-sectional waves of data collection in the regions of Paris, Lyon, and Strasbourg during the Spring of 2020 (n = 530) and 2021 (n = 319). Factors associated with substance use were explored using generalised logistic regression models. Results: The most prevalent substance used was tobacco (38%–43%), followed by alcohol (26%–34%). The use of both substances positively associated with each other, although risk factors varied depending on the substance. The only factors consistently associated with alcohol and tobacco use were being male, exposure to theft/assault and participants’ region of origin. Whilst the rate of tobacco use was relatively stable between Spring 2020 and 2021, alcohol use was more common in 2021. Conclusion: These findings highlight a high prevalence of substance use amongst homeless persons. People experiencing homelessness face specific challenges in the context of the pandemic, alongside greater vulnerability to illness and low healthcare access, therefore the need to improve prevention and support services for substance abuse within this population is vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honor Scarlett
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Honor Scarlett, ; Simon Ducarroz,
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- CNRS, Institut Convergences Migration, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Camille Davisse-Paturet
- Research on Healthcare Performance RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik El. Aarbaoui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Longchamps
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Natasha Figueiredo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Simon Ducarroz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
- CNRS, Institut Convergences Migration, Aubervilliers, France
- *Correspondence: Honor Scarlett, ; Simon Ducarroz,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gudi N, Swain A, Kulkarni MM, Pattanshetty S, Zodpey S. Tobacco prevention and control interventions in humanitarian settings: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058225. [PMID: 35906062 PMCID: PMC9345044 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco has been a complex global problem that has adversely affected almost all the sectors of society. However, the ill-effects are often most reflected in humanitarian settings, which inadvertently are surmounted by fragile systems. We aim to map tobacco prevention and control intervention in humanitarian settings. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will follow the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search strategy was designed using Medical Subject Heading terms, subject experts and pertinent reviews. The search was conducted on Medline (through PubMed and Ovid), EMBASE (through OVID), ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, EBSCO (through CINAHL Complete), Scopus and Web of Science databases. Two reviewers will independently screen the identified studies on removing duplicates, which shall be followed by data extraction using a pretested data extraction form. A narrative synthesis approach will be employed to collate the findings from the studies and tabular formats would be used to aid the representation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will identify, map and synthesise the interventions for tobacco prevention and control in the humanitarian settings. An ethics committee approval was not sought for this body of work as it does not include human subjects. Results from the study will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Gudi
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Muralidhar M Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Pattanshetty
- Department of Global Health, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|