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Yuan J, Zhang J, Zhao B, Liu F, Liu T, Duan Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Zou Y, Zhang L, Guo Y, Yang W, Yang Y, Wei J, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the immune microenvironment in pediatric acute leukemia. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:217018. [PMID: 38844062 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Relapse and treatment resistance pose significant challenges in the management of pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The efficacy of immunotherapy in leukemia remains limited due to factors such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and lack of suitable immunotherapeutic targets. Thus, an in-depth characterization of the TME in pediatric leukemia is warranted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the TME of pediatric B-ALL and AML, focusing specifically on bone-marrow-derived T cells. Moreover, we investigated the transcriptome changes during the initiation, remission, and relapse stages of pediatric AML. Our findings revealed that specific functional expression programs correlated with fluctuations in various T cell subsets, which may be associated with AML progression and relapse. Furthermore, our analysis of cellular communication networks led to the identification of VISTA, CD244, and TIM3 as potential immunotherapeutic targets in pediatric AML. Finally, we detected elevated proportions of γδ T cells and associated functional genes in samples from pediatric patients diagnosed with B-ALL and AML, which could inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches, potentially focusing on γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingliao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Tianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Family Planning, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College., Tianjin, China.
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2
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Parveen M, Karaosmanoglu B, Sucularli C, Uner A, Taskiran EZ, Esendagli G. Acquired immune resistance is associated with interferon signature and modulation of KLF6/c-MYB transcription factors in myeloid leukemia. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350717. [PMID: 38462943 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to immunity is associated with the selection of cancer cells with superior capacities to survive inflammatory reactions. Here, we tailored an ex vivo immune selection model for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and isolated the residual subpopulations as "immune-experienced" AML (ieAML) cells. We confirmed that upon surviving the immune reactions, the malignant blasts frequently decelerated proliferation, displayed features of myeloid differentiation and activation, and lost immunogenicity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a limited number of commonly altered pathways and differentially expressed genes in all ieAML cells derived from distinct parental cell lines. Molecular signatures predominantly associated with interferon and inflammatory cytokine signaling were enriched in the AML cells resisting the T-cell-mediated immune reactions. Moreover, the expression and nuclear localization of the transcription factors c-MYB and KLF6 were noted as the putative markers for immune resistance and identified in subpopulations of AML blasts in the patients' bone marrow aspirates. The immune modulatory capacities of ieAML cells lasted for a restricted period when the immune selection pressure was omitted. In conclusion, myeloid leukemia cells harbor subpopulations that can adapt to the harsh conditions established by immune reactions, and a previous "immune experience" is marked with IFN signature and may pave the way for susceptibility to immune intervention therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubaida Parveen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Beren Karaosmanoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Sucularli
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ekim Z Taskiran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Zhang F, Du H, Hu C, Song Y. A new prognostic risk model for acute myeloid leukemia patients based on telomere-related genes. Leuk Res 2023; 135:107404. [PMID: 37844405 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is critical to ensure unlimited cancer cell proliferation, but the role of telomere-related genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been thoroughly discussed. This study aims to develop a new prognostic risk model based on telomere-related genes and analyze potential mechanisms and targets. Cox regression analyses were used to build the prognostic risk model. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the model performance. At the same time, we analyzed the relationship between the risk score and chemotherapy and immunotherapy and preliminarily explored possible mechanisms of immune resistance. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prognosis gene expression levels. Finally, a prognostic signature of six telomere-related genes (TGPS6) including ALDH2, CDK18, DNMT3B, FRAT2, LGALSL, and RBL2 was constructed. The TGPS6 score was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor (HR 2.74, CI [2.13-3.53], p < 0.001) in AML and the five-year area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of the score in the training and validation set reached 0.74, 0.81 respectively. In addition, the TGPS6 perfected the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 prognosis risk stratification and performed well in both AML and cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) cohorts. The TGPS6 score also provided a reference for chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hongmin Du
- Institute of Haematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Institute of Haematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; The Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Ke P, Xie J, Xu T, Chen M, Guo Y, Wang Y, Qiu H, Wu D, Zeng Z, Chen S, Bao X. Identification of a venetoclax-resistance prognostic signature base on 6-senescence genes and its clinical significance for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1302356. [PMID: 38098504 PMCID: PMC10720639 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1302356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Satisfactory responses can be obtained for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated by Venetoclax (VEN)-based therapy. However, there are still quite a few AML patients (AMLs) resistant to VEN, and it is critical to understand whether VEN-resistance is regulated by senescence. Methods Here, we established and validated a signature for predicting AML prognosis based on VEN resistance-related senescence genes (VRSGs). In this study, 51 senescence genes were identified with VEN-resistance in AML. Using LASSO algorithms and multiple AML cohorts, a VEN-resistance senescence prognostic model (VRSP-M) was developed and validated based on 6-senescence genes. Results According to the median score of the signature, AMLs were classified into two subtypes. A worse prognosis and more adverse features occurred in the high-risk subtype, including older patients, non-de novo AML, poor cytogenetics, adverse risk of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 recommendation, and TP53 mutation. Patients in the high-risk subtype were mainly involved in monocyte differentiation, senescence, NADPH oxidases, and PD1 signaling pathway. The model's risk score was significantly associated with VEN-resistance, immune features, and immunotherapy response in AML. In vitro, the IC50 values of ABT-199 (VEN) rose progressively with increasing expression of G6PD and BAG3 in AML cell lines. Conclusions The 6-senescence genes prognostic model has significant meaning for the prediction of VEN-resistance, guiding personalized molecularly targeted therapies, and improving AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jundan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yusha Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiebing Bao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Yue S, An J, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhao C, Liu J, Liang L, Sun H, Xu Y, Zhong Z. Exogenous Antigen Upregulation Empowers Antibody Targeted Nanochemotherapy of Leukemia. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209984. [PMID: 37321606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is afflicted by a high-mortality rate and few treatment options. The lack of specific surface antigens severely hampers the development of targeted therapeutics and cell therapy. Here, it is shown that exogenous all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediates selective and transient CD38 upregulation on leukemia cells by up to 20-fold, which enables high-efficiency targeted nanochemotherapy of leukemia with daratumumab antibody-directed polymersomal vincristine sulfate (DPV). Strikingly, treatment of two CD38-low expressing AML orthotopic models with ATRA and DPV portfolio strategies effectively eliminates circulating leukemia cells and leukemia invasion into bone marrow and organs, leading to exceptional survival benefits with 20-40% of mice becoming leukemia-free. The combination of exogenous CD38 upregulation and antibody-directed nanotherapeutics provides a unique and powerful targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Yue
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingnan An
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Cenzhu Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Liang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Sun
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Shao R, Li Z, Xin H, Jiang S, Zhu Y, Liu J, Huang R, Xu K, Shi X. Biomarkers as targets for CAR-T/NK cell therapy in AML. Biomark Res 2023; 11:65. [PMID: 37330575 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common kind of acute leukemia in adults is acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is often treated with induction chemotherapy regimens followed by consolidation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, some patients continue to develop relapsed or refractory AML (R/R-AML). Small molecular targeted drugs require long-time administration. Not all the patients hold molecular targets. Novel medicines are therefore needed to enhance treatment outcomes. T cells and natural killer (NK) cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target antigens associated with AML have recently been produced and are currently being tested in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. This review provides an overview of CAR-T/NK treatments for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglei Xin
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suyu Jiang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingan Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.262, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
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Engineering CAR-NK cells targeting CD33 with concomitant extracellular secretion of anti-CD16 antibody revealed superior antitumor effects toward myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216103. [PMID: 36805460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common form of acute leukemia, and the currently available treatments are unsatisfactory. In the present study, we report an immune cell therapeutic strategy that employed genetically modified bifunctional CAR-NK cells. These cells combined the efficient targeting of AML cells by the CD33 molecule with the concomitant stimulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity via the expression and extracellular secretion of anti-CD16 antibody (B16) that binds back to the FC receptor of NK cells. Compared to CAR-NK cells that target CD33 only, the bifunctional CD33/B16 CAR-NK cells showed superior killing efficiency toward AML cells in vitro. The increase in efficiency was approximately four-fold, as determined based on the number of cells needed to achieve 80% killing activity. An in vivo study using a xenograft model also revealed the effective clearance of leukemic cells and much longer survival, with no relapse or death for at least 60 days. In addition, the safety of CAR-NK cells did not change with additional expression of B16, as determined by the release of cytokines. These data revealed the development of a promising CAR-NK approach for the treatment of patients with AML, which may improve CAR-NK-based treatment strategy in general and may potentially be used to treat other tumors as well.
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Totiger TM, Ghoshal A, Zabroski J, Sondhi A, Bucha S, Jahn J, Feng Y, Taylor J. Targeted Therapy Development in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:641. [PMID: 36831175 PMCID: PMC9953553 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic developments targeting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been in the pipeline for five decades and have recently resulted in the approval of multiple targeted therapies. However, there remains an unmet need for molecular treatments that can deliver long-term remissions and cure for this heterogeneous disease. Previously, a wide range of small molecule drugs were developed to target sub-types of AML, mainly in the relapsed and refractory setting; however, drug resistance has derailed the long-term efficacy of these as monotherapies. Recently, the small molecule venetoclax was introduced in combination with azacitidine, which has improved the response rates and the overall survival in older adults with AML compared to those of chemotherapy. However, this regimen is still limited by cytotoxicity and is not curative. Therefore, there is high demand for therapies that target specific abnormalities in AML while sparing normal cells and eliminating leukemia-initiating cells. Despite this, the urgent need to develop these therapies has been hampered by the complexities of this heterogeneous disease, spurring the development of innovative therapies that target different mechanisms of leukemogenesis. This review comprehensively addresses the development of novel targeted therapies and the translational perspective for acute myeloid leukemia, including the development of selective and non-selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasigeri M. Totiger
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anirban Ghoshal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jenna Zabroski
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anya Sondhi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Saanvi Bucha
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jacob Jahn
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yangbo Feng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Li L, Tian H, Zhang Z, Ding N, He K, Lu S, Liu R, Wu P, Wang Y, He B, Luo M, Peng P, Yang M, Nice EC, Huang C, Xie N, Wang D, Gao W. Carrier-Free Nanoplatform via Evoking Pyroptosis and Immune Response against Breast Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:452-468. [PMID: 36538368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, as a novel mode of cell death, has been proven to have impressive antitumor effects. Dying cells undergoing pyroptosis can elicit antitumor immunity by the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Accordingly, developing an effective, stable, and controllable nanoplatform that can promote these two side effects is a promising option for cancer therapy. In this study, we designed a carrier-free chemo-photodynamic nanoplatform (A-C/NPs) using a co-assembly strategy with cytarabine (Ara-C) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to induce pyroptosis and a subsequent immune response against breast cancer. Mechanistically, A-C/NPs can trigger GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in a controllable manner through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, causing immunogenic cell death (ICD), in which dying cells release high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and calcitonin (CRT). Additionally, Ara-C can stimulate the maturation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to act synergistically with Ce6-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD), collectively augmenting the anticancer effect of A-C/NPs. The A-C/NPs showed excellent suppressive effects on the growth of orthotopic, abscopal, and recurrent tumors in a breast cancer mouse model. The chemo-photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the proposed nanomedicine strategy could be a novel strategy for triggering pyroptosis and improving the global anticancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hailong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shuaijun Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peijie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peilan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mao Yang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China
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10
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Lu J, Zheng G, Dong A, Chang X, Cao X, Liu M, Shi X, Wang C, Yang Y, Jia X. Prognostic characteristics of immune subtypes associated with acute myeloid leukemia and their identification in cell subsets based on single-cell sequencing analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:990034. [PMID: 36211454 PMCID: PMC9540204 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.990034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune genes play an important role in the development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the role of immune genes in the prognosis and microenvironment of AML remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 151 AML patients in the TCGA database for relevant immune cell infiltration. AML patients were divided into high and low immune cell infiltration clusters based on ssGSEA results. Immune-related pathways, AML pathways and glucose metabolism pathways were enriched in the high immune cell infiltration cluster. Then we screened the differential immune genes between the two immune cell infiltration clusters. Nine prognostic immune genes were finally identified in the train set by LASSO-Cox regression. We constructed a model in the train set based on the nine prognostic immune genes and validated the predictive capability in the test set. The areas under the ROC curve of the train set and the test set for ROC at 1, 3, 5 years were 0.807, 0.813, 0.815, and 0.731, 0.745, 0.830, respectively. The areas under ROC curve of external validation set in 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.564, 0.619, and 0.614, respectively. People with high risk scores accompanied by high TMB had been detected with the worst prognosis. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed the expression of prognostic genes in AML cell subsets and pseudo-time analysis described the differentiation trajectory of cell subsets. In conclusion, our results reveal the characteristics of immune microenvironment and cell subsets of AML, while it still needs to be confirmed in larger samples studies. The prognosis model constructed with nine key immune genes can provide a new method to assess the prognosis of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guowei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ani Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiting Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Children’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaocan Jia,
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11
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Xu ZJ, Zhang XL, Jin Y, Wang SS, Gu Y, Ma JC, Wen XM, Leng JY, Mao ZW, Lin J, Qian J. Pan-cancer analysis reveals distinct clinical, genomic, and immunological features of the LILRB immune checkpoint family in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:88-104. [PMID: 35795094 PMCID: PMC9233190 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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12
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Plett C, Klauer LK, Amberger DC, Ugur S, Rabe A, Stankova Z, Deen D, Hirn-Lopez A, Gunsilius C, Werner JO, Schmohl J, Krämer D, Rank A, Schmid C, Schmetzer HM. Immunomodulatory kits generating leukaemia derived dendritic cells do not induce blast proliferation ex vivo: IPO-38 as a novel marker to quantify proliferating blasts in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Immunol 2022; 242:109083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Hadisantoso DW, Ranuhardy D, Rajabto W, Rizka A, Setiawan L, Rinaldi I, Mansjoer A, Nelwan EJ, Shatri H. Association of leukocyte nadir with complete remission in Indonesian acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing 7+3 remission induction chemotherapy. F1000Res 2022; 11:495. [PMID: 35721596 PMCID: PMC9194516 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.110320.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 7+3 regimen is still the main choice of remission induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Successfully achieving complete remission (CR) and the time required to achieve it determine patient’s survival. Hence, bone marrow examination on 14
th day of chemotherapy is recommended to predict CR. However, the examination is invasive and still inaccurate. Methods: A prognostic study with retrospective cohort design was conducted at two central hospitals in Indonesia based on medical record data of AML patients who underwent 7+3 induction chemotherapy from January 1st, 2015, to December 31st, 2019. The association of nadir leukocyte level and the time required to achieve it with CR occurrence was assessed. Results: One hundred and one subjects were recruited with median age 39 years and 55% men. A total of 55.4% subjects achieved CR. Nadir leukocyte level below 200/mcl was the most optimal cut-off point and independently associated with CR (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.03–5.97) while time required to achieve it was not. Conclusions: The nadir leukocyte level is associated with an increase probability of CR but not for the time required to achieve it in AML patients undergoing 7+3 induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Wahyunianto Hadisantoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Hematology-Medical Oncology, Dharmais Hospital National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Dody Ranuhardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Hematology-Medical Oncology, Dharmais Hospital National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Wulyo Rajabto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Rizka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lyana Setiawan
- Clinical Pathology, Dharmais Hospital National Cancer Center, West Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 11420, Indonesia
| | - Ikhwan Rinaldi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Arif Mansjoer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Erni Juwita Nelwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Shatri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Central Jakarta, Greater Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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14
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Leukemia derived dendritic cell (DC leu) mediated immune response goes along with reduced (leukemia-specific) regulatory T-cells. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152237. [PMID: 35749805 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The blastmodulatory Kit-M, composed of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) and Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), is known to convert myeloid leukaemic blasts (from AML patients) into leukaemia derived dendritic cells (DCleu), which activate immunoreactive cells to gain antileukemic/leukaemia-specific activity. In this study we had a special focus on the influence of Kit-M treated, DC/DCleu containing patients'whole blood (WB, n = 16) on the provision of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells. We could confirm that Kit-M significantly increased frequencies of (mature) dendritic cells (DC) and DCleu from leukemic whole blood (WB) without induction of blast proliferation. After mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with patients' T-cells we confirmed that DCleu mediated leukemia-specific responses- going along with activated and leukemia-specific T- and NK-cells in an intracellular cytokine staining assay (ICS) and a degranulation assay (Deg)- resulted in an increased anti-leukemic cytotoxicity (Cytotoxicity Fluorolysis Assay = CTX). We could demonstrate that (leukemia-specific) CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T-cell population (Treg) decreased significantly after MLC compared to controls. We found significant positive correlations of leukemia-specific CD3+CD4+ cells with frequencies of (mature) DCleu. Achieved anti-leukemic cytotoxicity correlated significantly positive with leukemia-specific CD3+CD8+ cells and significantly negatively with (leukemia-specific) Treg. In summary we demonstrate that immunesuppressive (leukemia-specific) regulatory T-cells are significantly downregulated after Kit-M triggered MLC- going along with a (reinstalled) antileukemic reactivity of the immune system (as demonstrated with functional assays ICS, Deg, CTX).
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15
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Perna F, Espinoza-Gutarra MR, Bombaci G, Farag SS, Schwartz JE. Immune-Based Therapeutic Interventions for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:225-254. [PMID: 35551662 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, clonally heterogeneous, myeloid malignancy, with a 5-year overall survival of approximately 27%. It constitutes the most common acute leukemia in adults, with an incidence of 3-5 cases per 100,000 in the United States. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning leukemogenesis, the past several decades had seen little change to the backbone of therapy, comprised of an anthracycline-based induction regimen for those who are fit enough to receive it, followed by risk-stratified post-remission therapy with consolidation cytarabine or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Allo-SCT is the most fundamental form of immunotherapy in which donor cytotoxic T and NK cells recognize and eradicate residual AML in the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Building on that, several alternative or synergistic approaches to exploit both self and foreign immunity against AML have been developed. Checkpoint inhibitors, for example, CTLA-4 inhibitors, PD-1 inhibitors, and PD-L1 inhibitors block proteins found on T cells or cancer cells that stop the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. They have been used with limited success in both the AML relapsed/refractory (R/R) and post SCT settings. AML tumor mutational burden is low compared to solid tumors and thus, it is less likely to generate neoantigens and respond to antibody-mediated checkpoint blockade that has shown unprecedented results in solid tumors. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies that work independently of the T cell receptor (TCR) specificity have been developed. They include bispecific antibodies, which recruit T cells through CD3 engagement, and in AML have shown an overall response rate ranging between 14 and 30% in early phase trials. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a type of treatment in which T cells are genetically engineered to produce a recombinant receptor that redirects the specificity and function of T lymphocytes. However, lack of cell surface targets exclusively expressed on AML cells including Leukemic Stem Cells (LSCs) combined with clonal heterogeneity represents the biggest challenge in developing CAR therapy for AML. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) constitute the only FDA-approved immunotherapy to treat AML with Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, a CD33-specific ADC used in CEBPα-mutated AML. The identification of additional cell surface targets is critical for the development of other ADC's potentially useful in the induction and maintenance regimens, given the ease at which these reagents can be generated and managed. Here, we will review those immune-based therapeutic interventions and highlight active areas of research investigations toward fulfillment of the great promise of immunotherapy to AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Perna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Manuel R Espinoza-Gutarra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Giuseppe Bombaci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Sherif S Farag
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jennifer E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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16
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Yin X, Li Z, Lyu C, Wang Y, Ding S, Ma C, Wang J, Cui S, Wang J, Guo D, Xu R. Induced Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on human acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial division. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:519-531. [PMID: 35383422 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have exhibited excellent anti-tumor, the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ZnO NPs induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by regulating mitochondrial division. THP-1 cells, an AML cell line, were first incubated with different concentrations ZnO NPs for 24 h. Next, the expression of Drp-1, Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein was detected, and the effects of ZnO NPs on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis and ATP generation in THP-1 cells were measured. Moreover, the effect of Drp-1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 and ZnO NPs on THP-1 cells was also detected. The results showed that the THP-1 cells survival rate decreased with the increment of ZnO NPs concentration and incubation time in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ZnO NPs can reduce the cell Δψm and ATP levels, induce the ROS production, and increase the levels of mitochondrial division and apoptosis. In contrast, the apoptotic level was significantly reduced after intervention of Drp-1 inhibitor, suggesting that ZnO NPs can induce the apoptosis of THP-1 cells by regulating mitochondrial division. Overall, ZnO NPs may provide a new basis and idea in treating human acute myeloid leukemia in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyi Lyu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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17
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Thakral D, Gupta R, Khan A. Leukemic stem cell signatures in Acute myeloid leukemia- targeting the Guardians with novel approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1756-1773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wu W, Liang X, Li H, Huang X, Wan C, Xie Q, Liu Z. Landscape of T Cells in NK-AML(M4/M5) Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:745-758. [PMID: 35258858 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a0721-396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (NK-AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy that resides within a complex immune microenvironment, complicating efforts to reveal the interaction between leukemia cells and immune cells. Understanding tumor-infiltrating T cells is crucial to the advancement of immune therapies and the improvement of the prognosis for NK-AML patients. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on bone marrow cells from 5 NK-AML (M4/M5) patients and 1 normal donor and paired single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on single T cells. As a result, we identified 8 T cell clusters based on the gene expression characteristics of each subset in NK-AML and described their developmental trajectories. In NK-AML patients, specific clusters, such as mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs), were preferentially enriched and potentially clonally expanded. These transcriptome and TCR data analyses provide valuable insights and rich resources for understanding the immune environment of NK-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiqun Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengyao Wan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiongni Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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19
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Hejazi M, Zhang C, Bennstein SB, Balz V, Reusing SB, Quadflieg M, Hoerster K, Heinrichs S, Hanenberg H, Oberbeck S, Nitsche M, Cramer S, Pfeifer R, Oberoi P, Rühl H, Oldenburg J, Brossart P, Horn PA, Babor F, Wels WS, Fischer JC, Möker N, Uhrberg M. CD33 Delineates Two Functionally Distinct NK Cell Populations Divergent in Cytokine Production and Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798087. [PMID: 35058934 PMCID: PMC8764454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation and expansion of functionally competent NK cells in vitro is of great interest for their application in immunotherapy of cancer. Since CD33 constitutes a promising target for immunotherapy of myeloid malignancies, NK cells expressing a CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) were generated. Unexpectedly, we noted that CD33-CAR NK cells could not be efficiently expanded in vitro due to a fratricide-like process in which CD33-CAR NK cells killed other CD33-CAR NK cells that had upregulated CD33 in culture. This upregulation was dependent on the stimulation protocol and encompassed up to 50% of NK cells including CD56dim NK cells that do generally not express CD33 in vivo. RNAseq analysis revealed that upregulation of CD33+ NK cells was accompanied by a unique transcriptional signature combining features of canonical CD56bright (CD117high, CD16low) and CD56dim NK cells (high expression of granzyme B and perforin). CD33+ NK cells exhibited significantly higher mobilization of cytotoxic granula and comparable levels of cytotoxicity against different leukemic target cells compared to the CD33- subset. Moreover, CD33+ NK cells showed superior production of IFNγ and TNFα, whereas CD33- NK cells exerted increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In summary, the study delineates a novel functional divergence between NK cell subsets upon in vitro stimulation that is marked by CD33 expression. By choosing suitable stimulation protocols, it is possible to preferentially generate CD33+ NK cells combining efficient target cell killing and cytokine production, or alternatively CD33- NK cells, which produce less cytokines but are more efficient in antibody-dependent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hejazi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sabrina B Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah B Reusing
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Keven Hoerster
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Oberbeck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Nitsche
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sophie Cramer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Rita Pfeifer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Pranav Oberoi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Rühl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Babor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Möker
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Caprioli C, Nazari I, Milovanovic S, Pelicci PG. Single-Cell Technologies to Decipher the Immune Microenvironment in Myeloid Neoplasms: Perspectives and Opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 11:796477. [PMID: 35186713 PMCID: PMC8847379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.796477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms (MN) are heterogeneous clonal disorders arising from the expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In parallel with genetic and epigenetic dynamics, the immune system plays a critical role in modulating tumorigenesis, evolution and therapeutic resistance at the various stages of disease progression. Single-cell technologies represent powerful tools to assess the cellular composition of the complex tumor ecosystem and its immune environment, to dissect interactions between neoplastic and non-neoplastic components, and to decipher their functional heterogeneity and plasticity. In addition, recent progress in multi-omics approaches provide an unprecedented opportunity to study multiple molecular layers (DNA, RNA, proteins) at the level of single-cell or single cellular clones during disease evolution or in response to therapy. Applying single-cell technologies to MN holds the promise to uncover novel cell subsets or phenotypic states and highlight the connections between clonal evolution and immune escape, which is crucial to fully understand disease progression and therapeutic resistance. This review provides a perspective on the various opportunities and challenges in the field, focusing on key questions in MN research and discussing their translational value, particularly for the development of more efficient immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Caprioli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.,Scuola Europea di Medicina Molecolare (SEMM) European School of Molecular Medicine, Milan, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Iman Nazari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.,Scuola Europea di Medicina Molecolare (SEMM) European School of Molecular Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Milovanovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.,Scuola Europea di Medicina Molecolare (SEMM) European School of Molecular Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.,Scuola Europea di Medicina Molecolare (SEMM) European School of Molecular Medicine, Milan, Italy
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21
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Klauer LK, Schutti O, Ugur S, Doraneh-Gard F, Amberger DC, Rogers N, Krämer D, Rank A, Schmid C, Eiz-Vesper B, Schmetzer HM. Interferon Gamma Secretion of Adaptive and Innate Immune Cells as a Parameter to Describe Leukaemia-Derived Dendritic-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in vitro. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 49:44-61. [PMID: 35221867 PMCID: PMC8832209 DOI: 10.1159/000516886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloid leukaemic blasts can be converted into leukaemia-derived dendritic cells (DCleu), characterised by the simultaneous expression of dendritic- and leukaemia-associated antigens, which have the competence to prime and enhance (leukaemia-specific) immune responses with the whole leukaemic antigen repertoire. To display and further specify dendritic cell (DC)- and DCleu-mediated immune responses, we analysed the interferon gamma (IFNy) secretion of innate and adaptive immune cells. METHODS DC/DCleu were generated from leukaemic whole blood (WB) with (blast)modulatory Kit-I (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] + Picibanil [OK-432]) and Kit-M (GM-CSF + prostaglandin E1) and were used to stimulate T cell-enriched immunoreactive cells. Initiated anti-leukaemic cytotoxicity was investigated with a cytotoxicity fluorolysis assay. Initiated IFNy secretion of T, NK, CIK, and iNKT cells was investigated with a cytokine secretion assay (CSA). IFNy positivity was additionally evaluated with an intracellular cytokine assay (ICA). Recent activation of leukaemia-specific cells was verified through addition of leukaemia-associated antigens (LAA; WT-1 and Prame). RESULTS We found Kit-I and Kit-M competent to generate mature DC and DCleu from leukaemic WB without induction of blast proliferation. Stimulation of immunoreactive cells with DC/DCleu regularly resulted in an increased anti-leukaemic cytotoxicity and increased IFNy secretion of T, NK, and CIK cells, pointing to the significant role of DC/DCleu in leukaemia-specific alongside anti-leukaemic reactions. Interestingly, an addition of LAA did not further increase IFNy secretion, suggesting an efficient activation of leukaemia-specific cells. Here, both the CSA and ICA yielded comparable frequencies of IFNy-positive cells. Remarkably, the anti-leukaemic cytotoxicity positively correlated with the IFNy secretion in TCD3+, TCD4+, TCD8+, and NKCD56+ cells. CONCLUSION Ultimately, the IFNy secretion of innate and adaptive immune cells appeared to be a suitable parameter to assess and monitor the efficacy of in vitro and potentially in vivo acute myeloid leukaemia immunotherapy. The CSA in this regard proved to be a convenient and reproducible technique to detect and phenotypically characterise IFNy-secreting cells. In respect to our studies on DC-based immunomodulation, we were able to display the potential of DC/DCleu to induce or improve leukaemia-specific and anti-leukaemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Schutti
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selda Ugur
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Rogers
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Krämer
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, St.-Josefs-Hospital, Hagen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rank
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Yu J, Sun H, Cao W, Song Y, Jiang Z. Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35074008 PMCID: PMC8784280 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies that use DCs to promote antitumor immunity: in situ vaccination and canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) and leukemia-derived DCs (DCleu) are the main types of DCs used in vaccines for AML and MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such as peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates and DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, have been used as antigen sources to load DCs. To enhance DC vaccine efficacy, new strategies, such as combination with conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint-targeting therapies, have been explored. After a decade of trials and tribulations, much progress has been made and much promise has emerged in the field. In this review we summarize the recent advances in DC vaccine immunotherapy for AML/MDS as well as other nonleukemia malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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23
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DePasquale EAK, Ssozi D, Ainciburu M, Good J, Noel J, Villanueva MA, Couturier CP, Shalek AK, Aranki SF, Mallidi HR, Griffin GK, Lane AA, van Galen P. Single-Cell Multiomics Reveals Clonal T-Cell Expansions and Exhaustion in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809414. [PMID: 35359938 PMCID: PMC8960171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system represents a major barrier to cancer progression, driving the evolution of immunoregulatory interactions between malignant cells and T-cells in the tumor environment. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), a rare acute leukemia with plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) differentiation, provides a unique opportunity to study these interactions. pDCs are key producers of interferon alpha (IFNA) that play an important role in T-cell activation at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune system. To assess how uncontrolled proliferation of malignant BPDCN cells affects the tumor environment, we catalog immune cell heterogeneity in the bone marrow (BM) of five healthy controls and five BPDCN patients by analyzing 52,803 single-cell transcriptomes, including 18,779 T-cells. We test computational techniques for robust cell type classification and find that T-cells in BPDCN patients consistently upregulate interferon alpha (IFNA) response and downregulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) pathways. Integrating transcriptional data with T-cell receptor sequencing via shared barcodes reveals significant T-cell exhaustion in BPDCN that is positively correlated with T-cell clonotype expansion. By highlighting new mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion and immune evasion in BPDCN, our results demonstrate the value of single-cell multiomics to understand immune cell interactions in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A. K. DePasquale
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Ssozi
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marina Ainciburu
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Good
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Human Biology, Sattler College, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jenny Noel
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Martin A. Villanueva
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Charles P. Couturier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sary F. Aranki
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hari R. Mallidi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel K. Griffin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew A. Lane
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter van Galen
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter van Galen,
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Hänel G, Angerer C, Petry K, Lichtenegger FS, Subklewe M. Blood DCs activated with R848 and poly(I:C) induce antigen-specific immune responses against viral and tumor-associated antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1705-1718. [PMID: 34821951 PMCID: PMC8614222 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived Dendritic cells (DCs) have successfully been employed to induce immune responses against tumor-associated antigens in patients with various cancer entities. However, objective clinical responses have only been achieved in a minority of patients. Additionally, generation of GMP-compliant DCs requires time- and labor-intensive cell differentiation. In contrast, Blood DCs (BDCs) require only minimal ex vivo handling, as differentiation occurs in vivo resulting in potentially better functional capacities and survival. We aimed to identify a protocol for optimal in vitro activation of BDCs including the three subsets pDCs, cDC1s, and cDC2s. We evaluated several TLR ligand combinations and demonstrated that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] and R848, ligands for TLR3 and TLR7/8, respectively, constituted the optimal combination for inducing a positive co-stimulatory profile in all BDC subsets. In addition, TLR3 and TLR7/8 activation led to high secretion of IFN-α and IL-12p70. Simultaneous as opposed to separate tailored activation of pDCs and cDCs increased immunostimulatory capacities, suggesting that BDC subsets engage in synergistic cross-talk during activation. Stimulation of BDCs with this protocol resulted in enhanced migration, high NK-cell activation, and potent antigen-specific T-cell induction. We conclude that simultaneous activation of all BDC subsets with a combination of R848 + poly(I:C) generates highly immunostimulatory DCs. These results support further investigation and clinical testing, as standalone or in conjunction with other immunotherapeutic strategies including adoptive T-cell transfer and checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerulf Hänel
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Katja Petry
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Felix S Lichtenegger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Chen Y, Feng Z, Kuang X, Zhao P, Chen B, Fang Q, Cheng W, Wang J. Increased lactate in AML blasts upregulates TOX expression, leading to exhaustion of CD8 + cytolytic T cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5726-5742. [PMID: 34873490 PMCID: PMC8640829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of lactate as merely an end product of cancer cell metabolism has been reassessed. Lactate has been implicated in more biological processes than previously understood and drives tumor progression. Here, we demonstrated that the bone marrow lactate concentrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients were substantially higher than those in their healthy control counterparts. Moreover, AML blasts from bone marrow expressed significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) levels. Further studies revealed that LDHA expression was regulated through the HIF1α pathway. Elevated lactate levels were indicative of alterations in CD8+ T cell cytolytic phenotype and activity. An in vitro study showed that the lactate treatment group had significantly higher percentages of CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TEMRA cells as well as higher PD-1 expression in these cells than the control group. Lactate induced the loss of the effector function of CD8+ T cells by altering lytic granule exocytosis. T cell dysfunction is characterized by an increase in terminally differentiated phenotypes, sustained expression of PD-1, and accelerated decline of cytolytic competence. Moreover, the TOX gene was found to be correlated with lactate production and implicated in CD8+ T cell dysfunction. AML patients in complete remission after chemotherapy had markedly lower lactate concentrations, reduced CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TEMRA cells and PD-1 expression, and increased perforin and granzyme B. However, no difference was found in the relapsed patients. The study presented here has established lactate as a predictive biomarker for patient response to antitumor therapies and demonstrated that targeting this gene in AML patients could be a meaningful precision therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University1005 Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyi Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University1005 Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Bingqing Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
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26
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Kaleka G, Schiller G. Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is here to stay. Leuk Res 2021; 112:106732. [PMID: 34864447 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) represents 1 % of all new cancer diagnosis made annually in the US and has a five-year survival of 30 %. Traditional treatment includes aggressive induction therapy followed by consolidation therapy that may include a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Thus far, HSCT remains the only potentially curative therapy for many patients with AML owing to the graft-versus-leukemia effect elicited by this treatment. The use of novel therapies, specifically immunotherapy, in the treatment of AML has been limited by the lack of appropriate target antigens, therapy associated toxicities and variable success with treatment. Antigenic variability on leukemia cells and the sharing of antigens by malignant and non-malignant cells makes the identification of appropriate antigens problematic. While studies with immunotherapeutic agents are underway, prior investigations have demonstrated a mixed response with some studies prematurely discontinued due to associated toxicities. This review presents a discussion of the envisioned role of immunotherapy in the treatment of AML in the setting of mixed therapeutic success and potentially lethal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Kaleka
- UCLA-Olive View Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Room 2B-182, 14445 Olive View Drive, Sylmar, CA, 91342, United States.
| | - Gary Schiller
- Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology at UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Guo HZ, Guo ZH, Yu SH, Niu LT, Qiang WT, Huang MM, Tian YY, Chen J, Yang H, Weng XQ, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hu SY, Shi J, Zhu J. Leukemic progenitor cells enable immunosuppression and post-chemotherapy relapse via IL-36-inflammatory monocyte axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg4167. [PMID: 34623912 PMCID: PMC8500518 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy can effectively reduce the leukemic burden and restore immune cell production in most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Nevertheless, endogenous immunosurveillance usually fails to recover after chemotherapy, permitting relapse. The underlying mechanisms of this therapeutic failure have remained poorly understood. Here, we show that abnormal IL-36 production activated by NF-κB is an essential feature of mouse and human leukemic progenitor cells (LPs). Mechanistically, IL-36 directly activates inflammatory monocytes (IMs) in bone marrow, which then precludes clearance of leukemia mediated by CD8+ T cells and facilitates LP growth. While sparing IMs, common chemotherapeutic agents stimulate IL-36 production from residual LPs via caspase-1 activation, thereby enabling the persistence of this immunosuppressive IL-36–IM axis after chemotherapy. Furthermore, IM depletion by trabectedin, with chemotherapy and PD-1 blockade, can synergistically restrict AML progression and relapse. Collectively, these results suggest inhibition of the IL-36–IM axis as a potential strategy for improving AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Zhou Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zi-Hua Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shan-He Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Ting Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wan-Ting Qiang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meng-Meng Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tian
- Fels Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiang-Qin Weng
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, No 92, Zhongnan Street, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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28
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Meyer JE, Loff S, Dietrich J, Spehr J, Jurado Jiménez G, von Bonin M, Ehninger G, Cartellieri M, Ehninger A. Evaluation of switch-mediated costimulation in trans on universal CAR-T cells (UniCAR) targeting CD123-positive AML. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1945804. [PMID: 34290907 PMCID: PMC8274446 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1945804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) targeting CD19 have achieved significant success in patients with B cell malignancies. To date, implementation of CAR-T in other indications remains challenging due to the lack of truly tumor-specific antigens as well as control of CAR-T activity in patients. CD123 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts including leukemia-initiating cells making it an attractive immunotherapeutic target. However, CD123 expression in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells and endothelia bears the risk of severe toxicities and may limit CAR-T applications lacking fine-tuned control mechanisms. Therefore, we recently developed a rapidly switchable universal CAR-T platform (UniCAR), in which CAR-T activity depends on the presence of a soluble adapter called targeting module (TM), and confirmed clinical proof-of-concept for targeting CD123 in AML with improved safety. As costimulation via 4–1BB ligand (4–1BBL) can enhance CAR-T expansion, persistence, and effector functions, a novel CD123-specific TM variant (TM123-4-1BBL) comprising trimeric single-chain 4–1BBL was developed for transient costimulation of UniCAR-T cells (UniCAR-T) at the leukemic site in trans. TM123-4-1BBL-directed UniCAR-T efficiently eradicated CD123-positive AML cells in vitro and in a CDX in vivo model. Moreover, additional costimulation via TM123-4-1BBL enabled enhanced expansion and persistence with a modulated UniCAR-T phenotype. In addition, the increased hydrodynamic volume of TM123-4-1BBL prolonged terminal plasma half-life and ensured a high total drug exposure in vivo. In conclusion, expanding the soluble adapter optionality for CD123-directed UniCAR-T maintains the platforms high anti-leukemic efficacy and immediate control mechanism for a flexible, safe, and individualized CAR-T therapy of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Malte von Bonin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Clinic I, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Novel immunomodulatory properties of low dose cytarabine entrapped in a mannosylated cationic liposome. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120849. [PMID: 34216770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains unsatisfactory with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Immunomodulatory agents capable of promoting cellular antitumor immunity while inhibiting the local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment could greatly improve cancer treatment. We have developed a multi-targeted mannosylated cationic liposome delivery system containing muramyl dipeptide (DS) and low doses of the chemotherapeutic agent cytarabine (Ara-C). Immunomodulation of primary immune cells and immortalized cancer cell lines by Ara-C/DS was assessed by measuring cytokine levels and surface marker expression. As a proof of concept, the generation of targeted cellular immunity was investigated in the context of responses to viral antigens. This report is the first demonstrating that Ara-C combined with DS can modulate immune responses and revert immunosuppression as evidenced by increased IFN-γ and IL-12p40 without changes in IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and increased CD80 and decreased CD163 on immunosuppressive macrophages. Furthermore, Ara-C/DS increased MHC class I expression on cancer cells while increasing the production of antigen-specific IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells in viral peptide-challenged lymphocytes from both humans and vaccinated mice. Taken together, these results are the first to document immunomodulatory properties of Ara-C linked with recognition of antigens and potentially the generation of antitumor immune memory.
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Brauneck F, Haag F, Woost R, Wildner N, Tolosa E, Rissiek A, Vohwinkel G, Wellbrock J, Bokemeyer C, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Ackermann C, Fiedler W. Increased frequency of TIGIT +CD73-CD8 + T cells with a TOX + TCF-1low profile in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed AML. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1930391. [PMID: 34211801 PMCID: PMC8218695 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1930391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory receptor TIGIT, as well as theectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 constitute potential exhaustion markers for T cells. Detailed analysis of these markers can shed light into dysregulation of the T-cell response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and will help to identify potential therapeutic targets. The phenotype and expression of transcription factors was assessed on different T-cell populations derived from peripheral blood (PB, n = 38) and bone marrow (BM, n = 43). PB and BM from patients with AML diagnosis, in remission and at relapse were compared with PB from healthy volunteers (HD) (n = 12) using multiparameter flow cytometry. An increased frequency of terminally differentiated (CD45R-CCR7-)CD8+ T cells was detected in PB and BM regardless of the disease state. Moreover, we detected an increased frequency of two distinct T-cell populations characterized by the co-expression of PD-1 or CD39 on TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML in comparison to HDs. In contrast to the PD-1+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T-cell population, the frequency of CD39+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells was normalized in remission. PD-1+- and CD39+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells exhibited additional features of exhaustion by decreased expression of CD127 and TCF-1 and increased intracellular expression of the transcription factor TOX. CD8+ T cells in AML exhibit a key signature of two subpopulations, PD-1+TOX+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+- and CD39+TOX+TIGIT+CD73-CD8+ T cells that were increased at different stages of the disease. These results provide a rationale to analyze TIGIT blockade in combination with inhibition of the purinergic signaling and depletion of TOX to improve T-cell mediated cytotoxicity in AML. Abbreviations: AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; pAML: newly diagnosed AML; rAML: relapse AML; lrAML: AML in remission; HD: healthy donor; PB: peripheral blood; BM: bone marrow; TIGIT: T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; CD73: ecto-5'-nucleotidase; CD39: ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; ADO: adenosine; CD127: interleukin-7 receptor; CAR-T cell: chimeric antigen receptor T cell; TCF-1: transcription factor T-cell factor 1; TOX: Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cells; NA: Naïve; CM: Central Memory; EM Effector Memory; EMRA: Terminal Effector Memory cells; FMO: Fluorescence minus one; PVR: poliovirus receptor; PVRL2: poliovirus receptor-related 2; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ; IL-2: interleukin-2; MCF: multiparametric flow cytometry; TNFα: Tumornekrosefaktor α; RT: room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Woost
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Wildner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rissiek
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Vohwinkel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Ackermann
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Isidori A, Cerchione C, Daver N, DiNardo C, Garcia-Manero G, Konopleva M, Jabbour E, Ravandi F, Kadia T, Burguera ADLF, Romano A, Loscocco F, Visani G, Martinelli G, Kantarjian H, Curti A. Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Where We Stand. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656218. [PMID: 34041025 PMCID: PMC8143531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, our improved knowledge of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis has led to the accelerated discovery of new drugs and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. The role of the immune system in AML development, growth and recurrence has gained increasing interest. A better understanding of immunological escape and systemic tolerance induced by AML blasts has been achieved. The extraordinary successes of immune therapies that harness the power of T cells in solid tumors and certain hematological malignancies have provided new stimuli in this area of research. Accordingly, major efforts have been made to develop immune therapies for the treatment of AML patients. The persistence of leukemia stem cells, representing the most relevant cause of relapse, even after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), remains a major hurdle in the path to cure for AML patients. Several clinical trials with immune-based therapies are currently ongoing in the frontline, relapsed/refractory, post-allo-SCT and minimal residual disease/maintenance setting, with the aim to improve survival of AML patients. This review summarizes the available data with immune-based therapeutic modalities such as monoclonal antibodies (naked and conjugated), T cell engagers, adoptive T-cell therapy, adoptive-NK therapy, checkpoint blockade via PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA4, TIM3 and macrophage checkpoint blockade via the CD47/SIRPa axis, and leukemia vaccines. Combining clinical results with biological immunological findings, possibly coupled with the discovery of biomarkers predictive for response, will hopefully allow us to determine the best approaches to immunotherapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Alessandra Romano
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia e Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Sezione di Ematologia, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Visani
- Haematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
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An Immune Checkpoint-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Survival of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5550116. [PMID: 33986802 PMCID: PMC8079183 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5550116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this research was to create a new genetic signature of immune checkpoint-associated genes as a prognostic method for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods Transcriptome profiles and clinical follow-up details were obtained in Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), a database of pediatric tumors. Secondary data was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to test the observations. In univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression studies, the expression of immune checkpoint-related genes was studied. A three-mRNA signature was developed for predicting pediatric AML patient survival. Furthermore, the GEO cohort was used to confirm the reliability. A bioinformatics method was utilized to identify the diagnostic and prognostic value. Results A three-gene (STAT1, BATF, EML4) signature was developed to identify patients into two danger categories depending on their OS. A multivariate regression study showed that the immune checkpoint-related signature (STAT1, BATF, EML4) was an independent indicator of pediatric AML. By immune cell subtypes analyses, the signature was correlated with multiple subtypes of immune cells. Conclusion In summary, our three-gene signature can be a useful tool to predict the OS in AML patients.
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Prognostic Significance of CD56 Antigen Expression in Patients with De Novo Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1929357. [PMID: 33928145 PMCID: PMC8049794 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1929357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with distinct characteristics and prognoses. Although cytogenetic changes and gene mutations are associated with AML prognosis, there is a need to identify further factors. CD56 is considered a prognostic factor for AML, which is abnormally expressed in leukemia cells. However, a clear consensus for this surface molecule is lacking, which has prompted us to investigate its prognostic significance. Bone marrow samples of de novo non-M3 AML were collected to detect CD56 expression using multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM). As a result, the CD56 expression in de novo non-M3 AML was found to be significantly higher than that in acute lymphoma leukemia (ALL, P = 0.017) and healthy controls (P = 0.02). The X-Tile program produced a CD56 cutoff point at a relative expression level of 24.62%. Based on this cutoff point, high CD56 expression was observed in 29.21% of de novo non-M3 AML patients. CD56-high patients had a poor overall survival (OS, P = 0.015) compared to CD56-low patients. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) improved OS (P = 0.004), but a poor genetic risk was associated with an inferior OS (P = 0.002). Compared with CD56-low patients, CD56-high patients had lower peripheral blood platelet (PLT) counts (P = 0.010). Our research confirmed that high CD56 expression is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in de novo non-M3 AML patients, indicating that CD56 could be used as a prognostic marker for a more precise stratification of de novo non-M3 AML patients.
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Liu H, Meng S, Yang N, Chen J, Yao H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Lei B, Wang X, Chen S, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang W. Identification and functional study of novel oligonucleotides: CpG Seq 13 and CpG Seq 19. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:571-585. [PMID: 33781095 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study explored new immunoadjuvants with stronger immune activity to enhance therapeutic effects against leukemia. Materials & methods: Whole blood and bone marrow of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and healthy volunteers were collected. Isolated mononuclear cells were treated with two newly designed CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, CpG sequence 13 and 19, and known CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and analyzed via flow cytometry. Results: CpG Seq 13 and 19 possess strong immune activation and enhance the proliferation, degranulation and cytotoxicity of T cells. They also inhibit AML cell proliferation. When CpG Seq 13/19 are combined with anti-OX40 antibodies, the cytotoxicity of T cells on AML cells are further enhanced. Conclusion: CpG Seq 13 and 19 are strong immune adjuvant candidates for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shan Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xugeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Sheping Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yueli Wang
- Department of Hematology, South Hospital, Tongchuan People's Hospital, Tongchuan, 727000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
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Lin G, Zhang Y, Yu L, Wu D. Cytotoxic effect of CLL‑1 CAR‑T cell immunotherapy with PD‑1 silencing on relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:208. [PMID: 33495835 PMCID: PMC7830996 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells can lead to persistently high levels of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antigen and eventually causes the exhaustion of T cells. The effectiveness of CAR-T cells targeting C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1) combined with PD-1 silencing therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was evaluated in the present study. CLL-1 levels in primary AML bone marrow samples was examined using flow cytometric analysis. We designed a CLL-1 CAR-T, containing CLL-1-specific single-chain variable fragment, CD28, OX40, CD8 hinge and TM and CD3-ζ signaling domains. CLL-1 CAR-T with PD-1 silencing was constructed. It was confirmed that CLL-1 is expressed on the surface of AML cells. CLL-1 CAR-T showed specific lysing activity against CLL-1+ AML cells. PD-1 silencing enhanced the killing ability of CLL-1 CAR-T. Furthermore, it was found that CAR-T derived from healthy donor T cells was more effective in killing THP-1 cells (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) than those from patient-derived T cells. These results indicated that CLL-1 CAR-T and PD-1 knockdown CLL-1 CAR-T could be used as a potential immunotherapy to treat relapsed or refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Russkamp NF, Myburgh R, Kiefer JD, Neri D, Manz MG. Anti-CD117 immunotherapy to eliminate hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:31-45. [PMID: 33484750 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise replacement of diseased or dysfunctional organs is the goal of regenerative medicine and has appeared to be a distant goal for a long time. In the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, this goal is now becoming tangible as gene-editing technologies and novel conditioning agents are entering the clinical arena. Targeted immunologic depletion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are at the very root of the hematopoietic system, will enable more selective and potentially more effective hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematological diseases. In contrast to current conditioning regimes based on ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, immunologic conditioning will spare mature hematopoietic cells and cause substantially less inflammation and unspecific collateral damage to other organs. Biological agents that target the stem cell antigen CD117 are the frontrunners for this purpose and have exhibited preclinical activity in depletion of healthy HSCs. The value of anti-CD117 antibodies as conditioning agents is currently being evaluated in early clinical trials. Whereas mild, antibody-based immunologic conditioning concepts might be appropriate for benign hematological disorders in which incomplete replacement of diseased cells is sufficient, higher efficacy will be required for treatment and elimination of hematologic stem cell malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engaging and activating antibodies (TEAs), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells might offer increased efficacy compared with naked antibodies and yet higher tolerability and safety compared with current genotoxic conditioning approaches. Here, we summarize the current state regarding immunologic conditioning concepts for the treatment of HSC disorders and outline potential future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman F Russkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D Kiefer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gu W, Liu T, Fan D, Zhang J, Xia Y, Meng F, Xu Y, Cornelissen JJ, Liu Z, Zhong Z. A6 peptide-tagged, ultra-small and reduction-sensitive polymersomal vincristine sulfate as a smart and specific treatment for CD44+ acute myeloid leukemia. J Control Release 2021; 329:706-716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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38
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Gbadamosi MO, Shastri VM, Hylkema T, Papageorgiou I, Pardo L, Cogle CR, Doty A, Loken MR, Meshinchi S, Lamba JK. Novel CD33 antibodies unravel localization, biology and therapeutic implications of CD33 isoforms. Future Oncol 2021; 17:263-277. [PMID: 33356566 PMCID: PMC10621775 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the therapeutic relevance of the CD33D2 isoform by developing novel antibodies targeting the IgC domain of CD33. Two novel IgC-targeting antibodies, HL2541 and 5C11-2, were developed, and CD33 isoforms were assessed using multiple assays in cells overexpressing either CD33FL or CD33D2 isoforms, unmodified acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML specimens representing different genotypes for the CD33 splicing single nucleotide polymorphism. CD33D2 was recognized on cells overexpressing CD33D2 and unmodified AML cell lines; however, minimal/no cell surface detection of CD33D2 was observed in primary AML specimens. Both isoforms were detected intracellularly using novel antibodies. Minimal cell surface expression of CD33D2 on primary AML/progenitor cells warrants further studies on anti-CD33D2 immunotherapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Domains/immunology
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Protein Isoforms
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/chemistry
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/genetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Gbadamosi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vivek M Shastri
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tiffany Hylkema
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ioannis Papageorgiou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Christopher R Cogle
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andria Doty
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Flow Cytometry & Imaging Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Yilmaz A, Cui H, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33287875 PMCID: PMC7720606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) re-direct NK cells toward tumor cells carrying corresponding antigens, creating major opportunities in the fight against cancer. CAR NK cells have the potential for use as universal CAR cells without the need for human leukocyte antigen matching or prior exposure to tumor-associated antigens. Exciting data from recent clinical trials have renewed interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the potential of CAR NK cells in the production of "off-the-shelf" anti-cancer immunotherapeutic products. Here, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in key areas of CAR NK cell research and identify under-investigated research areas. We summarize improvements in CAR design and structure, advantages and disadvantages of using CAR NK cells as an alternative to CAR T cell therapy, and list sources to obtain NK cells. In addition, we provide a list of tumor-associated antigens targeted by CAR NK cells and detail challenges in expanding and transducing NK cells for CAR production. We additionally discuss barriers to effective treatment and suggest solutions to improve CAR NK cell function, proliferation, persistence, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety in solid and liquid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hanwei Cui
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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40
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Xu J, Niu T. Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:167. [PMID: 33287858 PMCID: PMC7720594 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress has been achieved in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia over the past decades, relapse remains a major problem. Novel therapeutic options aimed at attaining minimal residual disease-negative complete remission are expected to reduce the incidence of relapse and prolong survival. Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy is put forward as an option to tackle the unmet clinical needs. There have been an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions ranging from adoptive NK cell transfer, chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK cells, antibodies, cytokines to immunomodulatory drugs. In this review, we will summarize different forms of NK cell-based immunotherapy for AML based on preclinical investigations and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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41
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Lian J, Yue Y, Yu W, Zhang Y. Immunosenescence: a key player in cancer development. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:151. [PMID: 33168037 PMCID: PMC7653700 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly, which is closely related to the development of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors. T cell-output decline is an important feature of immunosenescence as well as the production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype, increased glycolysis, and reactive oxygen species. Senescent T cells exhibit abnormal phenotypes, including downregulation of CD27, CD28, and upregulation of CD57, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, Tim-3, Tight, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, which are tightly related to malignant tumors. The role of immunosenescence in tumors is sophisticated: the many factors involved include cAMP, glucose competition, and oncogenic stress in the tumor microenvironment, which can induce the senescence of T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Accordingly, these senescent immune cells could also affect tumor progression. In addition, the effect of immunosenescence on the response to immune checkpoint blocking antibody therapy so far is ambiguous due to the low participation of elderly cancer patients in clinical trials. Furthermore, many other senescence-related interventions could be possible with genetic and pharmacological methods, including mTOR inhibition, interleukin-7 recombination, and NAD+ activation. Overall, this review aims to highlight the characteristics of immunosenescence and its impact on malignant tumors and immunotherapy, especially the future directions of tumor treatment through senescence-focused strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Henan Medical College Hospital Workers, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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42
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Wan Z, Sun R, Moharil P, Chen J, Liu Y, Song X, Ao Q. Research advances in nanomedicine, immunotherapy, and combination therapy for leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:425-436. [PMID: 33259068 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0620-063rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, clinical and laboratory studies have led to important new insights into the biology of leukemia and its treatment. This review describes the progress of leukemia research in the United States in recent years. Whereas the traditional method of treatment is chemotherapy, it is nonselective and could induce systemic toxicities. Thus, in parallel with research on new chemotherapies, great emphasis has been placed on developing immunotherapies. Here, we will review the current immunotherapies available in research and development that overcome current challenges, specifically looking in the field of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. With about 100 clinical trials for CAR-T therapies and 30 in checkpoint inhibitors for leukemia treatment, scientists are trying to make these technologies cheaper, faster, and more feasible. Further describing the delivery of these therapeutics, we look at the current progress, clinical, and preclinical status of nano-based medicines such as liposomes, polymeric micelles, and metal nanoparticles. Taking advantage of their physicochemical and biologic properties, nanoparticles have been shown to increase the efficacy of commonly administered chemotherapies with reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Wan
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pearl Moharil
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
| | - Xu Song
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Guo Y, Sun H, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Shi M, Yang M, Xing S, Fu X, Bin T, Lu B, Wu S, Xu X, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhao ZJ. Development of a highly sensitive method for detection of FLT3D835Y. Biomark Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32817792 PMCID: PMC7424998 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological neoplasm of myeloid progenitor cells. Mutations of FLT3 in its tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) are found in ~ 8% of patients with AML, with D835Y as the most common substitution. This mutation activates survival signals that drives the disease and is resistant to the first generation FLT3 inhibitors. Development of a highly sensitive method to detect FLT3D835Y is important to direct therapeutic options, predict prognosis, and monitor minimal residual disease in patients with AML. Methods and results In the present study, we developed a highly sensitive FLT3D835Y detection method by using the restriction fragment nested allele-specific PCR technique. The method consists of three steps: 1) initial amplification of DNA samples with PCR primers surrounding the FLT3D835Y mutation site, 2) digestion of the PCR products with restriction enzyme EcoRV that only cleaves the wild type allele, and 3) detection of FLT3D835Y by allele-specific PCR with nested primers. We were able to detect FLT3D835Y with a sensitivity of 0.001% by using purified plasmid DNAs and blood cell DNAs containing known proportions of FLT3D835Y. We analyzed blood cell DNA samples from 64 patients with AML and found six FLT3D835Y-positive cases, two of which could not be detected by conventional DNA sequencing methods. Importantly, the method was able to detect FLT3D835Y in a sample collected from a relapsed patient while the patient was in complete remission with negative MRD determined by flow cytometry. Therefore, our RFN-AS-PCR detected MRD after treatment that was missed by flow cytometry and Sanger DNA sequencing, by conventional methods. Conclusions We have developed a simple and highly sensitive method that will allow for detection of FLT3D835Y at a very low level. This method may have major clinical implications for treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China.,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Honghua Sun
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China.,Clinical laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Mingxia Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032 China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Shu Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012 China
| | - Ting Bin
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Clinical Laboratory of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033 China
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BMSB 451, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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Wang S, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang D, Jiang Z, Wang C, Liu Y. A Novel Immune-Related Competing Endogenous RNA Network Predicts Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1579. [PMID: 32850463 PMCID: PMC7432272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically, biologically and clinically heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that is highly dependent on the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Infiltrated immune cells and stromal cells are an important part of the BM microenvironment and significantly affect the progression of AML. Recently, the competing endogenous RNA hypothesis has gained great interests in the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of tumor occurrence and progression. However, research on how competing endogenous RNA relates to leukemia tumor microenvironment remains uninvestigated. Methods In this study, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA data and clinical information of the AML cohort were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Results We found that immune scores were significantly correlated with cytogenetic risk and overall survival, and also identified microenvironment-related mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs based on the immune and stromal scores. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were applied to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the modules most relevant to the immune microenvironment of AML. Using miRNA database to predict miRNA-targeted genes, we established the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network consisting of 33 lncRNAs, 21 miRNAs and 135 mRNAs. Prognostic analysis was performed on the genes in the immune-related competing endogenous RNA network to screen out 15 lncRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 31 mRNAs with prognostic values. Conclusion In summary, we identified a novel immune-related mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with the prognosis of AML, which may contribute to better understanding of the development and progression of AML and to serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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45
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A minority of T cells recognizing tumor-associated antigens presented in self-HLA can provoke antitumor reactivity. Blood 2020; 136:455-467. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are monomorphic self-antigens that are proposed as targets for immunotherapeutic approaches to treat malignancies. We investigated whether T cells with sufficient avidity to recognize naturally overexpressed self-antigens in the context of self-HLA can be found in the T-cell repertoire of healthy donors. Minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific T cells were used as a model, as the influence of thymic selection on the T-cell repertoire directed against MiHA can be studied in both self (MiHApos donors) and non-self (MiHAneg donors) backgrounds. T-cell clones directed against the HLA*02:01-restricted MiHA HA-1H were isolated from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos and HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Of the 16 unique HA-1H–specific T-cell clones, five T-cell clones derived from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos donors and one T-cell clone derived from an HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donor showed reactivity against HA-1Hpos target cells. In addition, in total, 663 T-cell clones (containing at least 91 unique clones expressing different T-cell receptors) directed against HLA*02:01-restricted peptides of TAA WT1-RMF, RHAMM-ILS, proteinase-3-VLQ, PRAME-VLD, and NY-eso-1-SLL were isolated from HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Only 3 PRAME-VLD–specific and one NY-eso-1-SLL–specific T-cell clone provoked interferon-γ production and/or cytolysis upon stimulation with HLA-A*02:01pos malignant cell lines (but not primary malignant samples) naturally overexpressing the TAA. These results show that self-HLA–restricted T cells specific for self-antigens such as MiHA in MiHApos donors and TAAs are present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. However, clinical efficacy would require highly effective in vivo priming by peptide vaccination in the presence of proper adjuvants or in vitro expansion of the low numbers of self-antigen–specific T cells of sufficient avidity to recognize endogenously processed antigen.
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Kim HB, Park SG, Hong R, Kang SH, Na YS. Acute myelomonocytic leukemia during pembrolizumab treatment for non-small cell lung cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2833-2840. [PMID: 32742992 PMCID: PMC7360697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i13.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab is a highly selective IgG4 kappa isotype monoclonal antibody against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecule. In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pembrolizumab has demonstrated significant efficacy, significant survival outcomes, long-lasting responses, and a good safety profile compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy. CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old Korean male presented with a left side palpable neck mass. An ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of the largest neck mass was performed, and squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed based on the histological and immunohistochemical findings. He was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with multiple lymph nodes and rib metastases (T1N3M1b, Stage IVA) using enhanced chest computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission/computed tomography. After 4 cycles of gemcitabine and carboplatin, we clinically judged the disease as progressive. Owing to the high PD-1 expression demonstrated by the patient, pembrolizumab was initiated (200 mg every 3 wk). After 3 cycles of pembrolizumab, a complete response was achieved. At the 4th cycle of pembrolizumab, the white blood cell count was markedly elevated. Peripheral blood smear analysis and bone marrow biopsy were performed. The patient was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia. CONCLUSION We present the first report of acute myelomonocytic leukemia during pembrolizumab treatment in an NSCLC patient; the mechanism remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Beum Kim
- Department of Premedical Course, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gon Park
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, South Korea
| | - Ran Hong
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, South Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, South Korea
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Tohumeken S, Baur R, Böttcher M, Stoll A, Loschinski R, Panagiotidis K, Braun M, Saul D, Völkl S, Baur AS, Bruns H, Mackensen A, Jitschin R, Mougiakakos D. Palmitoylated Proteins on AML-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Differentiation via TLR2/Akt/mTOR Signaling. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3663-3676. [PMID: 32605996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents the most common acute leukemia among adults. Despite recent progress in diagnosis and treatment, long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory. The success of allogeneic stem cell transplantation underscores the immunoresponsive nature of AML, creating the basis for further exploiting immunotherapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that AML, similar to other malignant entities, employs a variety of mechanisms to evade immunosurveillance. In light of this, T-cell inhibitory myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are gaining interest as key facilitators of immunoescape. Accumulation of CD14+HLA-DRlow monocytic MDSCs has been described in newly diagnosed AML patients, and deciphering the underlying mechanisms could help to improve anti-AML immunity. Here, we report that conventional monocytes readily take-up AML-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) and subsequently undergo MDSC differentiation. They acquired an CD14+HLA-DRlow phenotype, expressed the immunomodulatory indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, and upregulated expression of genes characteristic for MDSCs, such as S100A8/9 and cEBPβ. The Akt/mTOR pathway played a critical role in the AML-EV-induced phenotypical and functional transition of monocytes. Generated MDSCs displayed a glycolytic switch, which rendered them more susceptible toward glycolytic inhibitors. Furthermore, palmitoylated proteins on the AML-EV surface activated Toll-like receptor 2 as the initiating event of Akt/mTOR-dependent induction of MDSC. Therefore, targeting protein palmitoylation in AML blasts could block MDSC accumulation to improve immune responses. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that targeting protein palmitoylation in AML could interfere with the leukemogenic potential and block MDSC accumulation to improve immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehmus Tohumeken
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Baur
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrej Stoll
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Romy Loschinski
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Panagiotidis
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Braun
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Domenica Saul
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Baur
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Jitschin
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Tumor protein 53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: conventional induction chemotherapy or novel therapeutics. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 27:66-75. [PMID: 31922971 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor protein 53 (TP53) protein is involved in fundamental processes of cancer, aging, and DNA repair. Thus, TP53 dysfunction is implicated in malignant processes and remains the most commonly mutated gene in cancer but represents a relatively small proportion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with TP53-mutated AML attain inferior responses to therapy resulting in poor overall outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional treatment approaches with conventional chemotherapy yields suboptimal responses for patients with TP53 mutant AML compared with wildtype TP53. In recent years, there is increasing interest in understanding the role and underlying biology of TP53 mutations in AML with efforts to harness the physiological tumor suppressive function of TP53 protein. Novel combination and targeted therapies may contribute to improved outcomes; however, responses to therapy may be short-lived and ongoing research is indicated to evaluate relapse-risk reduction strategies. These patients may benefit from consideration of enrollment in clinical trials or lower intensity therapy approaches in lieu of intensive chemotherapy. SUMMARY Pharmacological treatments targeting the TP53 pathway in addition to novel emerging therapeutics and immunotherapy-based approaches hold promise for treatment of TP53 mutant AML.
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Zhang H, Gan WT, Hao WG, Wang PF, Li ZY, Chang LJ. Successful Anti-CLL1 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:685. [PMID: 32528876 PMCID: PMC7266936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a high-risk AML evolving from heterogenous prior hematological disorders. Compared to de novo AML, sAML has even worse responses to current therapy and thus is associated with lower remission rates, inferior overall survival (OS) and higher relapse rates. Many efforts have been devoted to improving the overall but with limited success, and novel strategy is thus highly needed. Recent research has identified that CLL1 is highly expressed on AML leukemia stem cells and blasts cells but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells. In this case report, we treated a secondary AML patient with anti -CLL1 CAR-T therapy and achieved morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular complete remission for over 10 months. Although only one successful case is presented here, the anti-CLL1 CAR T-cells should be considered as another treatment option for secondary AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ting Gan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ge Hao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Yan Li
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lung-Ji Chang
- Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Sterling C, Webster J. Harnessing the immune system after allogeneic stem cell transplant in acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:529-547. [PMID: 32022292 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the most successful and widely used immunotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as a result of its anti-leukemic properties driven by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, leading to a graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) effect. Despite its essential role in AML treatment, relapse after allo-SCT is common and associated with a poor prognosis. There is longstanding interest in developing immunologic strategies to augment the GVL effect post-transplant to prevent relapse and improve outcomes. In addition to prophylactic maintenance strategies, the GVL effect can also be used in relapsed patients to reinduce remission. While immune checkpoint inhibitors and other novel immune-targeted agents have been successfully used in the post-transplant setting to augment the GVL effect and induce remission in small clinical trials of relapsed patients, exacerbations of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) have limited their broader use. Here we review advances in three areas of immunotherapy that have been studied in post-transplant AML: donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), immune checkpoint inhibitors, and other monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and ligand receptor antagonists. We also discuss additional therapies with proposed immunologic mechanisms, such as hypomethylating agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Sterling
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jonathan Webster
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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