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Jiang L, Zhao Y, Liu F, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yuan B, Cheng J, Yan P, Ni J, Jiang Y, Wu Q, Jiang X. Concomitant targeting of FLT3 and SPHK1 exerts synergistic cytotoxicity in FLT3-ITD + acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting β-catenin activity via the PP2A-GSK3β axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:391. [PMID: 39113090 PMCID: PMC11304842 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 25-30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations that contribute to disease progression and poor prognosis. Prolonged exposure to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) often results in limited clinical responses due to diverse compensatory survival signals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FLT3 TKI resistance. Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism frequently contributes to cancer progression and a poor therapeutic response. However, its relationship with TKI sensitivity in FLT3-mutated AML remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess mechanisms of FLT3 TKI resistance in AML. METHODS We performed lipidomics profiling, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine potential drivers of sorafenib resistance. FLT3 signaling was inhibited by sorafenib or quizartinib, and SPHK1 was inhibited by using an antagonist or via knockdown. Cell growth and apoptosis were assessed in FLT3-mutated and wild-type AML cell lines via Cell counting kit-8, PI staining, and Annexin-V/7AAD assays. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were employed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms through rescue experiments using SPHK1 overexpression and exogenous S1P, as well as inhibitors of S1P2, β-catenin, PP2A, and GSK3β. Xenograft murine model, patient samples, and publicly available data were analyzed to corroborate our in vitro results. RESULTS We demonstrate that long-term sorafenib treatment upregulates SPHK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling, which in turn positively modulates β-catenin signaling to counteract TKI-mediated suppression of FLT3-mutated AML cells via the S1P2 receptor. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SPHK1 potently enhanced the TKI-mediated inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction in FLT3-mutated AML cells in vitro. SPHK1 knockdown enhanced sorafenib efficacy and improved survival of AML-xenografted mice. Mechanistically, targeting the SPHK1/S1P/S1P2 signaling synergizes with FLT3 TKIs to inhibit β-catenin activity by activating the protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A)-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish the sphingolipid metabolic enzyme SPHK1 as a regulator of TKI sensitivity and suggest that combining SPHK1 inhibition with TKIs could be an effective approach for treating FLT3-mutated AML.
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MESH Headings
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- beta Catenin/genetics
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Mice
- Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism
- Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics
- Protein Phosphatase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Sorafenib/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinle Ni
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Quan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Chen M, Shen C, Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhou K, Chen Y, Li W, Zeng C, Qing Y, Wu D, Xu C, Tang T, Che Y, Qin X, Xu Z, Wang K, Leung K, Sau L, Deng X, Hu J, Wu Y, Chen J. Metformin synergizes with gilteritinib in treating FLT3-mutated leukemia via targeting PLK1 signaling. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101645. [PMID: 39019012 PMCID: PMC11293342 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, present in over 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and dominated by FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), are associated with poor outcomes in patients with AML. While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; e.g., gilteritinib) are effective, they face challenges such as drug resistance, relapse, and high costs. Here, we report that metformin, a cheap, safe, and widely used anti-diabetic agent, exhibits a striking synergistic effect with gilteritinib in treating FLT3-ITD AML. Metformin significantly sensitizes FLT3-ITD AML cells (including TKI-resistant ones) to gilteritinib. Metformin plus gilteritinib (low dose) dramatically suppresses leukemia progression and prolongs survival in FLT3-ITD AML mouse models. Mechanistically, the combinational treatment cooperatively suppresses polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) expression and phosphorylation of FLT3/STAT5/ERK/mTOR. Clinical analysis also shows improved survival rates in patients with FLT3-ITD AML taking metformin. Thus, the metformin/gilteritinib combination represents a promising and cost-effective treatment for patients with FLT3-mutated AML, particularly for those with low income/affordability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chengwu Zeng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Hematology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Biomedical Research Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yuan Che
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhaoxu Xu
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lillian Sau
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Center for RNA Biology and Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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3
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Shin D, Kim MJ, Chun S, Kim D, Lee C, Ahn KS, Jung E, Kim D, Lee BC, Hwang D, Kim Y, Yoon SS. Elucidation of molecular basis of osteolytic bone lesions in advanced multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2024; 109:2207-2218. [PMID: 38205555 PMCID: PMC11215386 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesion is a major cause of lower quality of life and poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but molecular pathogenesis of the osteolytic process in MM remains elusive. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) was reported to be elevated in bone marrow (BM) and blood of patients with advanced MM who often show osteolysis. Here, we investigated a functional link of FLT3L to osteolytic process in MM. We recruited 86, 306, and 52 patients with MM, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), respectively. FLT3L levels of patients with hematologic malignancies were measured in BM-derived plasma and found to be significantly higher in MM than in AML or ALL, which rarely show osteolysis. FLT3L levels were further elevated in MM patients with bone lesion compared with patients without bone lesion. In vitro cell-based assays showed that the administration of FLT3L to HEK293T, HeLa, and U2OS cells led to an increase in the DKK1 transcript level through STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705. WNT reporter assay showed that FLT3L treatment reduced WNT signaling and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. These results collectively show that the FLT3L-STAT3-DKK1 pathway inhibits WNT signaling-mediated bone formation in MM, which can cause osteolytic bone lesion. Finally, transcriptomic profiles revealed that FLT3L and DKK1 were predominantly elevated in the hyperdiploidy subtype of MM. Taken together, FLT3L can serve as a promising biomarker for predicting osteolytic bone lesion and also a potential therapeutic target to prohibit the progression of the osteolytic process in MM with hyperdiploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health and Digital Humanity Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310
| | - Soyeon Chun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080
| | - Chansu Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351
| | - Kwang-Sung Ahn
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystem Inc, Seoul 03080
| | - Eunyoung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health and Digital Humanity Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health and Digital Humanity Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health and Digital Humanity Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080.
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women's Health and Digital Humanity Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310.
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080.
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4
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Tan Y, Xin L, Wang Q, Xu R, Tong X, Chen G, Ma L, Yang F, Jiang H, Zhang N, Wu J, Li X, Guo X, Wang C, Zhou H, Zhou F. FLT3-selective PROTAC: Enhanced safety and increased synergy with Venetoclax in FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216933. [PMID: 38705564 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations often face a poor prognosis. While some FLT3 inhibitors have been used clinically, challenges such as short efficacy and poor specificity persist. Proteolytic targeting chimera (PROTAC), with its lower ligand affinity requirement for target proteins, offers higher and rapid targeting capability. Gilteritinib, used as the ligand for the target protein, was connected with different E3 ligase ligands to synthesize several series of PROTAC targeting FLT3-ITD. Through screening and structural optimization, the optimal lead compound PROTAC Z29 showed better specificity than Gilteritinib. Z29 induced FLT3 degradation through the proteasome pathway and inhibited tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft mice. We verified Z29's minimal impact on platelets in a patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model compared to Gilteritinib. The combination of Z29 and Venetoclax showed better anti-tumor effects, lower platelet toxicity, and lower hepatic toxicity in FLT3-ITD+ models. The FLT3-selective PROTAC can mitigate the platelet toxicity of small molecule inhibitors, ensuring safety and efficacy in monotherapy and combination therapy with Venetoclax. It is a promising strategy for FLT3-ITD+ patients, especially those with platelet deficiency or liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lilan Xin
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiqin Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Linlu Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fuwei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hongqiang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jinxian Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Haibing Zhou
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Macečková D, Vaňková L, Holubová M, Jindra P, Klieber R, Jandová E, Pitule P. Current knowledge about FLT3 gene mutations, exploring the isoforms, and protein importance in AML. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:521. [PMID: 38625438 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a complex haematological malignancy characterised by diverse genetic alterations leading to abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells. One of the most significant genetic alterations in AML involves mutations in the FLT3 gene, which plays a critical role in haematopoiesis and haematopoietic homeostasis. This review explores the current understanding of FLT3 gene mutations and isoforms and the importance of the FLT3 protein in AML. FLT3 mutations, including internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD) and point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD), occur in 25-30% in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD mutations lead to constitutive activation of the FLT3 signalling pathway, promoting cell survival and proliferation. FLT3-TKD mutations affect the tyrosine kinase domain and affect AML prognosis in various ways. Furthermore, FLT3 isoforms, including shorter variants, contribute to the complexity of FLT3 biology. Additionally, nonpathological polymorphisms in FLT3 are being explored for their potential impact on AML prognosis and treatment response. This review also discusses the development of molecular treatments targeting FLT3, including first-generation and next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors, highlighting the challenges of resistance that often arise during therapy. The final chapter describes FLT3 protein domain rearrangements and their relevance to AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Macečková
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia.
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Monika Holubová
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Pavel Jindra
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Robin Klieber
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Eliška Jandová
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
| | - Pavel Pitule
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, Pilsen, 32300, Czechia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
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6
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Wang Z, Lu X, Liu C, Huang F, Lu T, Chen Y, Liu L, Lu S. Discovery of FLT3-targeting PROTACs with potent antiproliferative activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells harboring FLT3 mutations. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116237. [PMID: 38387337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations often suffer from poor prognosis and relapse. Targeted protein degradation utilizing proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is considered as a novel therapeutic strategy in drug discovery and may be a promising modality to target FLT3 mutations for the development of potent anti-AML drugs. Herein, a kind of FLT3-targeting PROTACs was rationally developed based on a FLT3 inhibitor previously reported by us. The representative compound 35 showed potent and selective antiproliferative activities against AML cells harboring FLT3 mutations. Western blot assay demonstrated that compound 35 effectively induced the degradation of FLT3-ITD and decreased the phosphorylation levels of FLT3-ITD, AKT, STAT5 and ERK in MV4-11 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis illustrated that compound 35 strongly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MV4-11 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 35 displayed favorable metabolic stability in in-vitro liver microsomes studies. Comparative molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies further elucidated the underlying mechanism of compound 35 to stabilize the dynamic ensemble of the FLT3-compound 35-cereblon (CRBN) ternary complex. Taken together, compound 35 could serve as a lead molecule for developing FLT3 degraders against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- ShenZhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China; School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Xun Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Canlin Liu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Lifei Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Shuai Lu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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7
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Hu X, Cao D, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zeng J, Hong WX. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals immune cell heterogeneity in acute myeloid leukaemia peripheral blood mononuclear cells after chemotherapy. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:97-112. [PMID: 37615858 PMCID: PMC10899424 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by the rapid clonal expansion of abnormally differentiated myeloid progenitor cells residing in a complex microenvironment. However, the immune cell types, status, and genome profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microenvironment in AML patients after chemotherapy are poorly understood. In order to explore the immune microenvironment of AML patients after chemotherapy, we conducted this study for providing insights into precision medicine and immunotherapy of AML. METHODS In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyse the PBMC microenvironment from five AML patients treated with different chemotherapy regimens and six healthy donors. We compared the cell compositions in AML patients and healthy donors, and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), CellPhoneDB, and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. RESULTS Using scRNA-seq technology, 91,772 high quality cells of 44,950 PBMCs from AML patients and 46,822 PBMCs from healthy donors were classified as 14 major cell clusters. Our study revealed the sub-cluster diversity of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and haematopoietic stem cell progenitors (HSC-Prog) in AML patients under chemotherapy. NK cells and monocyte-DCs showed significant changes in transcription factor expression and chromosome copy number variation (CNV). We also observed significant heterogeneity in CNV and intercellular interaction networks in HSC-Prog cells. CONCLUSION Our results elucidated the PBMC single-cell landscape and provided insights into precision medicine and immunotherapy for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiao Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China.
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, the Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenru Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieying Zeng
- Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Institute of Dermatology, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Aliazis K, Boussiotis VA. A four-cell pathway orchestrated by Flt3-L-dependent cDCs controls anti-tumor responses. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101378. [PMID: 38232704 PMCID: PMC10829860 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A study by Régnier et al. shows that Flt3-ligand (FL) levels program two distinct mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity. Low FL levels allow recruitment of T effectors and T cell-mediated responses whereas high FL levels support recruitment of classical dendritic cells (cDC) and natural killer (NK) cells and NK-mediated anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Aliazis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Chandra R, Horne RI, Vendruscolo M. Bayesian Optimization in the Latent Space of a Variational Autoencoder for the Generation of Selective FLT3 Inhibitors. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:469-476. [PMID: 38112559 PMCID: PMC10782437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The process of drug design requires the initial identification of compounds that bind their targets with high affinity and selectivity. Advances in generative modeling of small molecules based on deep learning are offering novel opportunities for making this process faster and cheaper. Here, we propose an approach to achieve this goal, where predictions of binding affinity are used in conjunction with the Junction Tree Variational Autoencoder (JTVAE) whose latent space is used to facilitate the efficient exploration of the chemical space using a Bayesian optimization strategy. The exploration identifies small molecules predicted to have both high affinity and high selectivity by using an objective function that optimizes the binding to the target while penalizing the binding to off-targets. The framework is demonstrated for FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and shown to predict small molecules with predicted affinity and selectivity comparable to those of clinically approved drugs for this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Chandra
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases,
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Robert I. Horne
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases,
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases,
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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10
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Lian X, Gao Y, Li X, Wang P, Tong L, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu T. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129519. [PMID: 37838343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer, which is characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations are the most frequently identified mutations, present in approximately 25-30 % AML patients, making FLT3 inhibitors a crucial treatment option for AML. In this study, we described the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors. Notably, compound 15 displayed potent kinase inhibitory activities against FLT3 (FLT3-WT IC50 = 7.42 ± 1.23 nM; FLT3-D835Y IC50 = 9.21 ± 0.04 nM) and robust antiproliferative activities against MV4-11 cells (IC50 = 0.83 ± 0.15 nM) and MOLM-13 cells (IC50 = 10.55 ± 1.70 nM). Compound 15 also possessed potent antiproliferative activities against BaF3 cells carrying various FLT3-TKD and FLT3-ITD-TKD mutations, indicating its potential to overcome on-target resistance caused by FLT3 mutations. In summary, compound 15 showed promising potential for further exploration as a treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmin Lian
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lexian Tong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Garg S, Ni W, Griffin JD, Sattler M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Trials and Tribulations. Hematol Rep 2023; 15:608-626. [PMID: 37987319 PMCID: PMC10660693 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep15040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy that is often associated with relapse and drug resistance after standard chemotherapy or targeted therapy, particularly in older patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are looked upon as the ultimate salvage option with curative intent. Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has shown promise in B cell malignancies and is now being investigated in AML. Initial clinical trials have been disappointing in AML, and we review current strategies to improve efficacy for CAR approaches. The extensive number of clinical trials targeting different antigens likely reflects the genetic heterogeneity of AML. The limited number of patients reported in multiple early clinical studies makes it difficult to draw conclusions about CAR safety, but it does suggest that the efficacy of this approach in AML lags behind the success observed in B cell malignancies. There is a clear need not only to improve CAR design but also to identify targets in AML that show limited expression in normal myeloid lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.N.); (J.D.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.N.); (J.D.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D. Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.N.); (J.D.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (W.N.); (J.D.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Peytam F, Emamgholipour Z, Mousavi A, Moradi M, Foroumadi R, Firoozpour L, Divsalar F, Safavi M, Foroumadi A. Imidazopyridine-based kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: A review. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106831. [PMID: 37683538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the fundamental role of protein kinases in the mechanism of protein phosphorylation in critical cellular processes, their dysregulation, especially in cancers, has underscored their therapeutic relevance. Imidazopyridines represent versatile scaffolds found in abundant bioactive compounds. Given their structural features, imidazopyridines have possessed pivotal potency to interact with different protein kinases, inspiring researchers to carry out numerous structural variations. In this comprehensive review, we encompass an extensive survey of the design and biological evaluations of imidazopyridine-based small molecules as potential agents targeting diverse kinases for anticancer applications. We describe the structural elements critical to inhibitory potency, elucidating their key structure-activity relationships (SAR) and mode of actions, where available. We classify these compounds into two groups: Serine/threonine and Tyrosine inhibitors. By highlighting the promising role of imidazopyridines in kinase inhibition, we aim to facilitate the design and development of more effective, targeted compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Peytam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Emamgholipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahfam Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roham Foroumadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Divsalar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Riva C, Vernarecci C, Minetto P, Goda R, Greppi M, Pesce S, Chies M, Zecchetti G, Ferro B, Maio E, Cea M, Lemoli RM, Marcenaro E, Guolo F. Harnessing Immune Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5824. [PMID: 37762763 PMCID: PMC10532363 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the results achieved with the evolution of conventional chemotherapy and the inclusion of targeted therapies in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), survival is still not satisfying, in particular in the setting of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease or elderly/unfit patients. Among the most innovative therapeutic options, cellular therapy has shown great results in different hematological malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas, with several products already approved for clinical use. However, despite the great interest in also expanding the application of these new treatments to R/R AML, no product has been approved yet for clinical application. Furthermore, cellular therapy could indeed represent a powerful tool and an appealing alternative to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for ineligible patients. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent clinical research exploring the effectiveness of cellular therapy in AML, moving from consolidated approaches such as post- transplant donor's lymphocytes infusion, to modern adoptive immunotherapies such as alloreactive NK cell infusions, engineered T and NK cells (CAR-T, CAR-NK) and novel platforms of T and NK cells engaging (i.e., BiTEs, DARTs and ANKETTM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Riva
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Chiara Vernarecci
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Paola Minetto
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Rayan Goda
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Greppi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Chies
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Giada Zecchetti
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Beatrice Ferro
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Maio
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Michele Cea
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Roberto Massimo Lemoli
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (R.G.); (M.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Fabio Guolo
- Clinic of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (C.V.); (M.C.); (G.Z.); (B.F.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (R.M.L.); (F.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
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14
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Tong X, Jin J, Xu B, Su S, Li L, Li M, Peng Y, Mao X, Huang W, Zhang D. Real-world experience with selinexor-containing chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens for patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and myeloid sarcoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217701. [PMID: 37601075 PMCID: PMC10436481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) and myeloid sarcoma (MS) has presented challenges for decades. Studies on selinexor in combination with various standard or intensive chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of R/R AML have demonstrated promising results. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens with selinexor for R/R AML and MS patients. Methods: Ten patients with R/R AML or MS who received chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens in combination with selinexor at Tongji Hospital from October 2021 to August 2022 were included in this study. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included complete remission (CR), CR with incomplete hematological recovery (CRi), partial remission (PR), transplantation rate, and safety. Results: All patients were evaluable for response, achieving CR in four (40.0%) patients and CRi in two (20.0%) patients for a total CR/CRi of 60.0%. The ORR was 80.0% when patients with PR were included. Five (50.0%) patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after treatment with selinexor-containing regimens. At the end of the follow-up, seven (70.0%) patients were alive, and three patients died of transplant-related complications or disease progression. The most frequently reported nonhematologic adverse events (AEs) in patients were grade 1 or 2 asymptomatic hyponatremia. Conclusion: The chemotherapy-free or low-dose chemotherapy regimens in combination with selinexor for R/R AML are feasible and tolerable and provide an opportunity for patients to receive transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donghua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Shaldam MA, Hendrychová D, El-Haggar R, Vojáčková V, Majrashi TA, Elkaeed EB, Masurier N, Kryštof V, Tawfik HO, Eldehna WM. 2,4-Diaryl-pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives as novel anticancer agents endowed with potent anti-leukemia activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation and kinase profiling. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115610. [PMID: 37437350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stands as one of the most aggressive type of human cancer that can develop rapidly and thus requires immediate management. In the current study, the development of novel derivatives of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (5a-p) as potential anti-AML agents is reported. The prepared compounds 5a-p were inspected for their in vitro anti-tumor activity at NCI-DTP and subsequently 5h was selected for full panel five-dose screening to assess its TGI, LC50 and GI50 values. Compound 5h showed effective anti-tumor activity at low micromolar concentration on all tested human cancer cell lines with GI50 range from 0.35 to 9.43 μM with superior sub-micromolar activity towards leukemia. Furthermore, pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 5e-l were tested on a panel ofhuman acute leukemia cell lines, namely HL60, MOLM-13, MV4-11, CCRF-CEM and THP-1, where 5e-h reached single-digit micromolar GI50 values for all the tested cell lines. All prepared compounds were first tested for inhibitory action against the leukemia-associated mutant FLT3-ITD, as well as against ABL, CDK2, and GSK3 kinases, in order to identify the kinase target for the herein described pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. However, the examined molecules disclosed non-significant activity against these kinases. Thereafter, a kinase profiling on a panel of 338 human kinases was then used to discover the potential target. Interestingly, pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 5e and 5h significantly inhibited BMX kinase. Further investigation for the effect on cell cycle of HL60 and MV4-11 cells and caspase 3/7 activity was also performed. In addition, the changes in selected proteins (PARP-1, Mcl-1, pH3-Ser10) associated with cell death and viability were analyzed in HL60 and MV4-11 cells by immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz A Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Denisa Hendrychová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radwan El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
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16
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Richardson GE, Al-Rajabi R, Uprety D, Hamid A, Williamson SK, Baranda J, Mamdani H, Lee YL, Li L, Wang X, Dong X. A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I/II Study of FN-1501 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092553. [PMID: 37174019 PMCID: PMC10177510 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FN-1501, a potent inhibitor of receptor FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and CDK4/6, KIT, PDGFR, VEGFR2, ALK, and RET tyrosine kinase proteins, has demonstrated significant in vivo activity in various solid tumor and leukemia human xenograft models. Anomalies in FLT3 have an established role as a therapeutic target where the gene has been shown to play a critical role in the growth, differentiation, and survival of various cell types in hematopoietic cancer and have shown promise in various solid tumors. An open-label, Phase I/II study (NCT03690154) was designed to evaluate the safety and PK profile of FN-1501 as monotherapy in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors and relapsed, refractory (R/R) AML. METHODS Pts received FN-1501 IV three times a week for 2 weeks, followed by 1 week off treatment in continuous 21-day cycles. Dose escalation followed a standard 3 + 3 design. Primary objectives include the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives include pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary anti-tumor activity. Exploratory objectives include the relationship between pharmacogenetic mutations (e.g., FLT3, TP53, KRAS, NRAS, etc.), safety, and efficacy; as well as an evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effects of treatment with FN-1501. Dose expansion at RP2D further explored the safety and efficacy of FN-1501 in this treatment setting. RESULTS A total of 48 adult pts with advanced solid tumors (N = 47) and AML (N = 1) were enrolled at doses ranging from 2.5 to 226 mg IV three times a week for two weeks in 21-day cycles (2 weeks on and 1 week off treatment). The median age was 65 years (range 30-92); 57% were female and 43% were male. The median number of prior lines of treatment was 5 (range 1-12). Forty patients evaluable for dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessment had a median exposure of 9.5 cycles (range 1-18 cycles). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported for 64% of the pts. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), defined as those occurring in ≥20% of pts, primarily consisted of reversible Grade 1-2 fatigue (34%), nausea (32%), and diarrhea (26%). The most common Grade ≥3 events occurring in ≥5% of pts consisted of diarrhea and hyponatremia. Dose escalation was discontinued due to DLTs of Grade 3 thrombocytopenia (N = 1) and Grade 3 infusion-related reaction (N = 1) occurring in 2 pts. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined to be 170 mg. CONCLUSIONS FN-1501 demonstrated reasonable safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity against solid tumors in doses up to 170 mg. Dose escalation was terminated based on 2 DLTs occurring at the 226 mg dose level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raed Al-Rajabi
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 64114, USA
| | - Dipesh Uprety
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anis Hamid
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | | | | | - Hirva Mamdani
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ya-Li Lee
- Fosun Pharma USA, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Li Li
- Fosun Pharma USA, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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17
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Chirnomas D, Hornberger KR, Crews CM. Protein degraders enter the clinic - a new approach to cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:265-278. [PMID: 36781982 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterobifunctional protein degraders, such as PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) protein degraders, constitute a novel therapeutic modality that harnesses the cell's natural protein-degradation machinery - that is, the ubiquitin-proteasome system - to selectively target proteins involved in disease pathogenesis for elimination. Protein degraders have several potential advantages over small-molecule inhibitors that have traditionally been used for cancer treatment, including their event-driven (rather than occupancy-driven) pharmacology, which permits sub-stoichiometric drug concentrations for activity, their capacity to act iteratively and target multiple copies of a protein of interest, and their potential to target nonenzymatic proteins that were previously considered 'undruggable'. Following numerous innovations in protein degrader design and rigorous evaluation in preclinical models, protein degraders entered clinical testing in 2019. Currently, 18 protein degraders are in phase I or phase I/II clinical trials that involve patients with various tumour types, with a phase III trial of one initiated in 2022. The first safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic data from these studies are now materializing and, although considerably more evidence is needed, protein degraders are showing promising activity as cancer therapies. Herein, we review advances in protein degrader development, the preclinical research that supported their entry into clinical studies, the available data for protein degraders in patients and future directions for this new class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Tu J, Chen W, Fang Y, Han D, Chen Y, Jiang H, Tan X, Xu Z, Wu X, Wang H, Zhu X, Hong W, Li Z, Zhu C, Wang X, Wei W. PU.1 promotes development of rheumatoid arthritis via repressing FLT3 in macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:198-211. [PMID: 36198439 PMCID: PMC9887374 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To uncover the function and underlying mechanism of an essential transcriptional factor, PU.1, in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The expression and localisation of PU.1 and its potential target, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), in the synovium of patients with RA were determined by western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. UREΔ (with PU.1 knockdown) and FLT3-ITD (with FLT3 activation) mice were used to establish collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). For the in vitro study, the effects of PU.1 and FLT3 on primary macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were investigated using siRNAs. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assays, western blotting, FACS and IHC were conducted to show the direct regulation of PU.1 on the transcription of FLT3 in macrophages and FLS. Finally, a small molecular inhibitor of PU.1, DB2313, was used to further illustrate the therapeutic effects of DB2313 on arthritis using two in vivo models, CAIA and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS The expression of PU.1 was induced in the synovium of patients with RA when compared with that in osteoarthritis patients and normal controls. FLT3 and p-FLT3 showed opposite expression patterns compared with PU.1 in RA. The CAIA model showed that PU.1 was an activator, whereas FLT3 was a repressor, of the development of arthritis in vivo. Moreover, results from in vitro assays were consistent with the in vivo results: PU.1 promoted hyperactivation and inflammatory status of macrophages and FLS, whereas FLT3 had the opposite effects. In addition, PU.1 inhibited the transcription of FLT3 by directly binding to its promoter region. The PU.1 inhibitor DB2313 clearly alleviated the effects on arthritis development in the CAIA and CIA models. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of PU.1 in RA and may have therapeutic implications by directly repressing FLT3. Therefore, targeting PU.1 might be a potential therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weile Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dafei Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuewen Tan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuming Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangling Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenbao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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19
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Zhang M, Xiao F, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Song J, Zhang Y, Si X, Bai J, Yagüe E, Zhou Y. The miR-106b-25 cluster mediates drug resistance in myeloid leukaemias by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:236-250. [PMID: 36399285 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. The role of the miR-106b-25 cluster in drug resistance of haematologic malignancies has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that the miR-106b-25 cluster mediates resistance to therapeutic agents with structural and mechanistic dissimilarity in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing data revealed that overexpression of the miR-106b-25 cluster or its individual miRNAs resulted in downregulation of multiple key regulators of apoptotic pathways. Luciferase reporter assay identified TP73 as a direct target of miR-93 and miR-106b, BAK1 as a direct target of miR-25 and CASP7 as a direct target of all three miRNAs. We also showed that inhibitors of the miR-106b-25 cluster and BCL-2 exert synergistic effects on apoptosis induction in primary myeloid leukaemic cells. Thus, the members of the miR-106b-25 cluster may jointly contribute to myeloid leukaemia drug resistance by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Targeting this cluster could be a promising combination strategy in patients resistant to therapeutic agents that induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yunan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Shen Y. Sitravatinib as a potent FLT3 inhibitor can overcome gilteritinib resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Biomark Res 2023; 11:8. [PMID: 36691065 PMCID: PMC9872318 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilteritinib is the only drug approved as monotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients harboring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutation throughout the world. However, drug resistance inevitably develops in clinical. Sitravatinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor under evaluation in clinical trials of various solid tumors. In this study, we explored the antitumor activity of sitravatinib against FLT3-ITD and clinically-relevant drug resistance in FLT3 mutant AML. METHODS Growth inhibitory assays were performed in AML cell lines and BaF3 cells expressing various FLT3 mutants to evaluate the antitumor activity of sitravatinib in vitro. Immunoblotting was used to examine the activity of FLT3 and its downstream pathways. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding sites of FLT3 to sitravatinib. The survival benefit of sitravatinib in vivo was assessed in MOLM13 xenograft mouse models and mouse models of transformed BaF3 cells harboring different FLT3 mutants. Primary patient samples and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were also used to determine the efficacy of sitravatinib. RESULTS Sitravatinib inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cell lines. In vivo studies showed that sitravatinib exhibited a better therapeutic effect than gilteritinib in MOLM13 xenograft model and BaF3-FLT3-ITD model. Unlike gilteritinib, the predicted binding sites of sitravatinib to FLT3 did not include F691 residue. Sitravatinib displayed a potent inhibitory effect on FLT3-ITD-F691L mutation which conferred resistance to gilteritinib and all other FLT3 inhibitors available, both in vitro and in vivo. Compared with gilteritinib, sitravatinib retained effective activity against FLT3 mutation in the presence of cytokines through the more potent and steady inhibition of p-ERK and p-AKT. Furthermore, patient blasts harboring FLT3-ITD were more sensitive to sitravatinib than to gilteritinib in vitro and in the PDX model. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the potential therapeutic role of sitravatinib in FLT3 mutant AML and provides an alternative inhibitor for the treatment of AML patients who are resistant to current FLT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvyin Zhang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Peihong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yang Shen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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21
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Pan T, Wang S, Feng H, Xu J, Zhang M, Yao Y, Xu K, Niu M. Preclinical evaluation of the ROCK1 inhibitor, GSK269962A, in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1064470. [PMID: 36561342 PMCID: PMC9763303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1064470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with high mortality that urgently requires new treatments. ROCK1 plays an essential role in regulating growth and survival in AML cells. In this study, we evaluated GSK269962A, a selective ROCK1 inhibitor, in preclinical models of AML. Compared with solid tumors, GSK269962A selectively inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity of AML cells. Furthermore, GSK269962A arrested AML cells in the G2 phase and induced apoptosis by regulating multiple cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated proteins. Strikingly, GSK269962A could eliminate leukemia cells from bone marrow, liver, and spleen in an animal model of AML and significantly prolong mouse survival. Mechanistically, GSK269962A could inhibit the growth of AML by blocking ROCK1/c-Raf/ERK signaling pathway. Notably, a correlation was found between the expression levels of ROCK1 protein and the sensitivity of GSK269962A in AML. These data highlight the potential role of ROCK1 as an attractive target for treating AML, as well as the potential of GSK269962A for use in clinical trials of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Kailin Xu, ; Mingshan Niu,
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22
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Haase C, Gustafsson K, Mei S, Yeh SC, Richter D, Milosevic J, Turcotte R, Kharchenko PV, Sykes DB, Scadden DT, Lin CP. Image-seq: spatially resolved single-cell sequencing guided by in situ and in vivo imaging. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1622-1633. [PMID: 36424441 PMCID: PMC9718684 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue function depends on cellular organization. While the properties of individual cells are increasingly being deciphered using powerful single-cell sequencing technologies, understanding their spatial organization and temporal evolution remains a major challenge. Here, we present Image-seq, a technology that provides single-cell transcriptional data on cells that are isolated from specific spatial locations under image guidance, thus preserving the spatial information of the target cells. It is compatible with in situ and in vivo imaging and can document the temporal and dynamic history of the cells being analyzed. Cell samples are isolated from intact tissue and processed with state-of-the-art library preparation protocols. The technique therefore combines spatial information with highly sensitive RNA sequencing readouts from individual, intact cells. We have used both high-throughput, droplet-based sequencing as well as SMARTseq-v4 library preparation to demonstrate its application to bone marrow and leukemia biology. We discovered that DPP4 is a highly upregulated gene during early progression of acute myeloid leukemia and that it marks a more proliferative subpopulation that is confined to specific bone marrow microenvironments. Furthermore, the ability of Image-seq to isolate viable, intact cells should make it compatible with a range of downstream single-cell analysis tools including multi-omics protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Haase
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shu-Chi Yeh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry Richter
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jelena Milosevic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raphaël Turcotte
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles P Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Jang SH, Sivakumar D, Mudedla SK, Choi J, Lee S, Jeon M, Bvs SK, Hwang J, Kang M, Shin EG, Lee KM, Jung KY, Kim JS, Wu S. PCW-A1001, AI-assisted de novo design approach to design a selective inhibitor for FLT-3(D835Y) in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1072028. [PMID: 36504722 PMCID: PMC9732455 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1072028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3) is considered an effective treatment strategy. By using AI-assisted hit optimization, we discovered a novel and highly selective compound with desired drug-like properties with which to target the FLT-3 (D835Y) mutant. In the current study, we applied an AI-assisted de novo design approach to identify a novel inhibitor of FLT-3 (D835Y). A recurrent neural network containing long short-term memory cells (LSTM) was implemented to generate potential candidates related to our in-house hit compound (PCW-1001). Approximately 10,416 hits were generated from 20 epochs, and the generated hits were further filtered using various toxicity and synthetic feasibility filters. Based on the docking and free energy ranking, the top compound was selected for synthesis and screening. Of these three compounds, PCW-A1001 proved to be highly selective for the FLT-3 (D835Y) mutant, with an IC50 of 764 nM, whereas the IC50 of FLT-3 WT was 2.54 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Minsung Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Shin
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Myung Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Kwan-Young Jung, ; Jae-Sung Kim, ; Sangwook Wu,
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Kwan-Young Jung, ; Jae-Sung Kim, ; Sangwook Wu,
| | - Sangwook Wu
- R&D Center, PharmCADD, Busan, South Korea,Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Kwan-Young Jung, ; Jae-Sung Kim, ; Sangwook Wu,
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24
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Zhou M, Gao X, Zheng X, Luo J. Functions and clinical significance of circular RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010579. [PMID: 36506538 PMCID: PMC9729264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules. Four types of circRNAs have been reported in animal cells, and they have typical characteristics in their biogenesis, nuclear export and degradation. Advances in our understanding of the molecular functions of circRNAs in sponging microRNAs, modulating transcription, regulating RNA-binding proteins, as well as encoding proteins have been made very recently. Dysregulated circRNAs are associated with human diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we focus on the recently described mechanisms, role and clinical significance of circRNAs in AML. Although great progress of circRNAs in AML has been achieved, substantial efforts are still required to explore whether circRNAs exert their biological function by other mechanisms such as regulation of gene transcription or serving as translation template in AML. It is also urgent that researchers study the machineries regulating circRNAs fate, the downstream effectors of circRNAs modulatory networks, and the clinical application of circRNAs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhou, ; Jing Luo,
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25
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Ge SS, Liu SB, Xue SL. Developments and challenges of FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:996438. [PMID: 36185253 PMCID: PMC9515417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.996438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are one of the most common genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are identified in approximately one-third of newly diagnosed patients. Aberrant FLT3 receptor signaling has important implications for the biology and clinical management of AML. In recent years, targeting FLT3 has been a part of every course of treatment in FLT3-ITD/TKD-mutated AML and contributes to substantially prolonged survival. At the same time, wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revealed a series of non-canonical FLT3 mutations, including point mutations and small insertions/deletions. Some of these mutations may be able to influence downstream phosphorylation and sensitivity to FLT3 inhibitors, while the correlation with clinical outcomes remains unclear. Exploration of FLT3-targeted therapy has made substantial progress, but resistance to FLT3 inhibitors has become a pressing issue. The mechanisms underlying FLT3 inhibitor tolerance can be roughly divided into primary resistance and secondary resistance. Primary resistance is related to abnormalities in signaling factors, such as FL, CXCL12, and FGF2, and secondary resistance mainly involves on-target mutations and off-target aberrations. To overcome this problem, novel agents such as FF-10101 have shown promising potential. Multitarget strategies directed at FLT3 and anomalous signaling factors simultaneously are in active clinical development and show promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Bai Liu, ; Sheng-Li Xue,
| | - Sheng-Li Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Song-Bai Liu, ; Sheng-Li Xue,
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26
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Shi M, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen R, Guo R, Luo F. Systematic analysis of prognostic and immunologic characteristics associated with coronavirus disease 2019 regulators in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Genet 2022; 13:959109. [PMID: 36147489 PMCID: PMC9485716 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.959109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so far damaged the health of millions and has made the treatment of cancer patients more complicated, and so did acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The current problem is the lack of understanding of their interactions and suggestions of evidence-based guidelines or historical experience for the treatment of such patients. Here, we first identified the COVID-19-related differentially expressed genes (C-DEGs) in AML patients by analyzing RNA-seq from public databases and explored their enrichment pathways and candidate drugs. A total of 76 C-DEGs associated with the progress of AML and COVID-19 infection were ultimately identified, and the functional analysis suggested that there are some shared links between them. Their protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein–drug interactions were then recognized by multiple bioinformatics algorithms. Moreover, a COVID-19 gene-associated prognostic model (C-GPM) with riskScore was constructed, patients with a high riskScore had poor survival and apparently immune-activated phenotypes, such as stronger monocyte and neutrophil cell infiltrations and higher immunosuppressants targeting expressions, meaning which may be one of the common denominators between COVID-19 and AML and the reason what complicates the treatment of the latter. Among the study’s drawbacks is that these results relied heavily on publicly available datasets rather than being clinically confirmed. Yet, these findings visualized those C-DEGs’ enrichment pathways and inner associations, and the C-GPM based on them could accurately predict survival outcomes in AML patients, which will be helpful for further optimizing therapies for AML patients with COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Matenal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity andChild Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Lidan Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Riling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Matenal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity andChild Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Matenal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity andChild Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Luo, ; Runmin Guo,
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Matenal and Child Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity andChild Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Luo, ; Runmin Guo,
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Huang W, Sun G, Wang Q, Long Z. The research progress of targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia based on bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957370. [PMID: 36119476 PMCID: PMC9481238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Gongrui Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Long
- Department of Hematology, Fudan University Affiliated Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguo Long,
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28
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Trad R, Warda W, Alcazer V, Neto da Rocha M, Berceanu A, Nicod C, Haderbache R, Roussel X, Desbrosses Y, Daguindau E, Renosi F, Roumier C, Bouquet L, Biichle S, Guiot M, Seffar E, Caillot D, Depil S, Robinet E, Salma Y, Deconinck E, Deschamps M, Ferrand C. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting IL-1RAP: a promising new cellular immunotherapy to treat acute myeloid leukemia. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004222. [PMID: 35803613 PMCID: PMC9272123 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a very difficult disease to cure due to the persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which are resistant to different lines of chemotherapy and are the basis of refractory/relapsed (R/R) disease in 80% of patients with AML not receiving allogeneic transplantation. Methods In this study, we showed that the interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP) protein is overexpressed on the cell surface of LSCs in all subtypes of AML and confirmed it as an interesting and promising target in AML compared with the most common potential AML targets, since it is not expressed by the normal hematopoietic stem cell. After establishing the proof of concept for the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting IL-1RAP in chronic myeloid leukemia, we hypothesized that third-generation IL-1RAP CAR T-cells could eliminate AML LSCs, where the medical need is not covered. Results We first demonstrated that IL-1RAP CAR T-cells can be produced from AML T-cells at the time of diagnosis and at relapse. In vitro and in vivo, we showed the effectiveness of IL-1RAP CAR T-cells against AML cell lines expressing different levels of IL-1RAP and the cytotoxicity of autologous IL-1RAP CAR T-cells against primary cells from patients with AML at diagnosis or at relapse. In patient-derived relapsed AML xenograft models, we confirmed that IL-1RAP CAR T-cells are able to circulate in peripheral blood and to migrate in the bone marrow and spleen, are cytotoxic against primary AML cells and increased overall survival. Conclusion In conclusion, our preclinical results suggest that IL-1RAP CAR T-based adoptive therapy could be a promising strategy in AML treatment and it warrants the clinical investigation of this CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Trad
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | - Walid Warda
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France.,CanCell Therapeutics, Besancon, France
| | | | - Mathieu Neto da Rocha
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France.,CanCell Therapeutics, Besancon, France
| | - Ana Berceanu
- Clinical Hematology, C.H. Univ Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France
| | | | | | - Xavier Roussel
- Clinical Hematology, C.H. Univ Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France
| | | | | | - Florain Renosi
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | | | - Lucie Bouquet
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | - Sabeha Biichle
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | - Melanie Guiot
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | - Evan Seffar
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Clinical Hematology, CHU François Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Yahya Salma
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Clinical Hematology, C.H. Univ Jean Minjoz, Besancon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France.,CanCell Therapeutics, Besancon, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- TIMC, EFSBFC, INSERM UMR1098 RIGHT,UFC, Besancon, France .,CanCell Therapeutics, Besancon, France
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29
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Cancer: A pathologist's journey from morphology to molecular. Med J Armed Forces India 2022; 78:255-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Role of Biomarkers in FLT3 AML. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051164. [PMID: 35267471 PMCID: PMC8909069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genetically heterogeneous disorder acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is marked by recurring mutations in FLT3. Current FLT3 inhibitors and other emerging inhibitors have helped in the improvement of the quality of standard of care therapies; however, the overall survival of the patients remains static. This is due to numerous mutations in FLT3, which causes resistance against these FLT3 inhibitors. For effective treatment of AML patients, alternative approaches are required to overcome this resistance. Here, we will summarize the biomarkers for FLT3 inhibitors in AML, as well as the alternative measures to overcome resistance to the current therapies. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of clonal myeloid blast cells that are incapable of maturation to leukocytes. AML is the most common leukemia in adults and remains a highly fatal disease with a five-year survival rate of 24%. More than 50% of AML patients have mutations in the FLT3 gene, rendering FLT3 an attractive target for small-molecule inhibition. Currently, there are several FLT3 inhibitors in the clinic, and others remain in clinical trials. However, these inhibitors face challenges due to lack of efficacy against several FLT3 mutants. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers is vital to stratify AML patients and target AML patient population with a particular FLT3 mutation. Additionally, there is an unmet need to identify alternative approaches to combat the resistance to FLT3 inhibitors. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the utilization of diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic biomarkers for FLT3-mutated AML. The resistance mechanisms to various FLT3 inhibitors and alternative approaches to combat this resistance are also discussed and presented.
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31
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Tan Y, Li X, Tang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Ye H, Zhao J, Wu R, Wei P, Du L, Wan L. Metabolic profiling in liver microsomes and mice of E28, a potent FLT3 inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:186-198. [PMID: 35078381 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2033882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panhong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Leilei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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32
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FLT3 mutational analysis in acute myeloid leukemia: Advantages and pitfalls with different approaches. Blood Rev 2022; 54:100928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Hu T, Pan C, Zhang T, Ni M, Wang W, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang J, Fang Q. Nrf2 overexpression increases the resistance of acute myeloid leukemia to cytarabine by inhibiting replication factor C4. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1773-1790. [PMID: 35840666 PMCID: PMC9663296 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a key factor in the treatment failure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in tumor chemotherapy resistance. However, the potential mechanism of Nrf2 regulating DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway to mediate gene-instability drug resistance in AML is still unclear. Here, it was found that Nrf2 expression was closely related to the disease progression of AML as well as highly expressed in AML patients with poor prognostic gene mutations. Meanwhile, it was also found that the expression of Nrf2 was significantly negatively correlated with DNA MMR gene replication factor C4 (RFC4) in AML. CHIP analysis combined with luciferase reporter gene results further showed that Nrf2 may inhibit the expression of RFC4 by its interaction with the RFC4 promoter. In vitro and vivo experiments showed that the overexpression of Nrf2 decreased the killing effect of chemotherapy drug cytarabine (Ara-C) on leukemia cells and inhibited the expression of RFC4. Mechanistically, The result that Nrf2-RFC4 axis mediated AML genetic instability drug resistance might be received by activating the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings may provide a new idea for improving AML drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhen Hu
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Chengyun Pan
- grid.452244.1Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, Guizhou China ,grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Ming Ni
- grid.452244.1Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Weili Wang
- grid.452244.1Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- grid.413458.f0000 0000 9330 9891College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.452244.1Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Jishi Wang
- grid.452244.1Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province Institute of Hematology, Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Qin Fang
- grid.452244.1pharmacy department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou China
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Darici S, Zavatti M, Braglia L, Accordi B, Serafin V, Horne GA, Manzoli L, Palumbo C, Huang X, Jørgensen HG, Marmiroli S. Synergistic cytotoxicity of dual PI3K/mTOR and FLT3 inhibition in FLT3-ITD AML cells. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100830. [PMID: 34555701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, characterized by a heterogeneous genetic landscape and complex clonal evolution, with poor outcomes. Mutation at the internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most common somatic alterations in AML, associated with high relapse rates and poor survival due to the constitutive activation of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase and its downstream effectors, such as PI3K signaling. Thus, aberrantly activated FLT3-kinase is regarded as an attractive target for therapy for this AML subtype, and a number of small molecule inhibitors of this kinase have been identified, some of which are approved for clinical practice. Nevertheless, acquired resistance to these molecules is often observed, leading to severe clinical outcomes. Therapeutic strategies to tackle resistance include combining FLT3 inhibitors with other antileukemic agents. Here, we report on the preclinical activity of the combination of the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 in FLT3-ITD cells. Briefly, we show that the association of these two molecules displays synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro in FLT3-ITD AML cells, triggering 90% cell death at nanomolar concentrations after 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihanur Darici
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy; Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Accordi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Haemato-Oncology Laboratory, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3 and IRP Città Della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Haemato-Oncology Laboratory, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3 and IRP Città Della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Gillian A Horne
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Palumbo
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK.
| | - Heather G Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
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Lei H, Wang J, Hu J, Zhu Q, Wu Y. Deubiquitinases in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34454635 PMCID: PMC8401176 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are enzymes that control the stability, interactions or localization of most cellular proteins by removing their ubiquitin modification. In recent years, some DUBs, such as USP7, USP9X and USP10, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. Importantly, some potent inhibitors targeting the oncogenic DUBs have been developed, showing promising inhibitory efficacy in preclinical models, and some have even undergone clinical trials. Different DUBs perform distinct function in diverse hematological malignancies, such as oncogenic, tumor suppressor or context-dependent effects. Therefore, exploring the biological roles of DUBs and their downstream effectors will provide new insights and therapeutic targets for the occurrence and development of hematological malignancies. We summarize the DUBs involved in different categories of hematological malignancies including leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. We also present the recent development of DUB inhibitors and their applications in hematological malignancies. Together, we demonstrate DUBs as potential therapeutic drug targets in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lei
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Tran TD, Pham DT. Identification of anticancer drug target genes using an outside competitive dynamics model on cancer signaling networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14095. [PMID: 34238960 PMCID: PMC8266823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cancer type has its own molecular signaling network. Analyzing the dynamics of molecular signaling networks can provide useful information for identifying drug target genes. In the present study, we consider an on-network dynamics model—the outside competitive dynamics model—wherein an inside leader and an opponent competitor outside the system have fixed and different states, and each normal agent adjusts its state according to a distributed consensus protocol. If any normal agent links to the external competitor, the state of each normal agent will converge to a stable value, indicating support to the leader against the impact of the competitor. We determined the total support of normal agents to each leader in various networks and observed that the total support correlates with hierarchical closeness, which identifies biomarker genes in a cancer signaling network. Of note, by experimenting on 17 cancer signaling networks from the KEGG database, we observed that 82% of the genes among the top 3 agents with the highest total support are anticancer drug target genes. This result outperforms those of four previous prediction methods of common cancer drug targets. Our study indicates that driver agents with high support from the other agents against the impact of the external opponent agent are most likely to be anticancer drug target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Dzung Tran
- Complex Systems and Bioinformatics Lab, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Bac Tu Liem District, 298 Cau Dien street, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Bac Tu Liem District, 298 Cau Dien street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Duc-Tinh Pham
- Complex Systems and Bioinformatics Lab, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Bac Tu Liem District, 298 Cau Dien street, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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37
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Wooten DJ, Gebru M, Wang HG, Albert R. Data-Driven Math Model of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030193. [PMID: 33799721 PMCID: PMC7998618 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive form of leukemia with poor prognosis. Treatment with FLT3 inhibitors frequently produces a clinical response, but the disease nevertheless often recurs. Recent studies have revealed system-wide gene expression changes in FLT3-mutant AML cell lines in response to drug treatment. Here we sought a systems-level understanding of how these cells mediate these drug-induced changes. Using RNAseq data from AML cells with an internal tandem duplication FLT3 mutation (FLT3-ITD) under six drug treatment conditions including quizartinib and dexamethasone, we identified seven distinct gene programs representing diverse biological processes involved in AML drug-induced changes. Based on the literature knowledge about genes from these modules, along with public gene regulatory network databases, we constructed a network of FLT3-ITD AML. Applying the BooleaBayes algorithm to this network and the RNAseq data, we created a probabilistic, data-driven dynamical model of acquired resistance to these drugs. Analysis of this model reveals several interventions that may disrupt targeted parts of the system-wide drug response. We anticipate co-targeting these points may result in synergistic treatments that can overcome resistance and prevent eventual recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Wooten
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Melat Gebru
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.G.); (H.-G.W.)
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.G.); (H.-G.W.)
| | - Réka Albert
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Correspondence:
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38
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Guo R, Lü M, Cao F, Wu G, Gao F, Pang H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xing H, Liang C, Lyu T, Du C, Li Y, Guo R, Xie X, Li W, Liu D, Song Y, Jiang Z. Single-cell map of diverse immune phenotypes in the acute myeloid leukemia microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:15. [PMID: 33648605 PMCID: PMC7919996 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironment is essential for understanding mechanisms of evading immune surveillance and immunotherapy response of targeting special microenvironment components. METHODS Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, we analyzed the immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory of bone marrow (BM) samples from 16 AML patients and 4 healthy donors, but not AML blasts. RESULTS We observed a significant difference between normal and AML BM immune cells. Here, we defined the diversity of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in different AML patients. We also identified several unique immune cell types including T helper cell 17 (TH17)-like intermediate population, cytotoxic CD4+ T subset, T cell: erythrocyte complexes, activated regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD8+ memory-like subset. Emerging AML cells remodels the BM immune microenvironment powerfully, leads to immunosuppression by accumulating exhausted/dysfunctional immune effectors, expending immune-activated types, and promoting the formation of suppressive subsets. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive AML BM immune cell census, which can help to select pinpoint targeted drug and predict efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengdie Lü
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Fujiao Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guanghua Wu
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengcai Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haili Pang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianxin Lyu
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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39
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Xuan L, Liu Q. Maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:4. [PMID: 33407700 PMCID: PMC7786934 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse remains the main cause of treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that AML patients might benefit from maintenance therapy post-transplantation, especially for high-risk AML patients. In this mini-review, we will summarize targeted drugs, such as hypomethylating agents, FLT3 inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, as maintenance therapy post-transplantation in AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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