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Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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2
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Tang J, Liu H, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao S, Yang K, You Z, Qiao X, Song Y. Regulation of post-translational modification of PD-L1 and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38949857 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to PD-1, resulting in tumor immune escape. Therapeutic strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway involve blocking the binding. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy against tumors because PD-L1 is also present in the cytoplasm. PD-L1 of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have uncovered numerous mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis and have identified potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors can block crucial carcinogenic signaling pathways, making them a potential therapeutic option. To better develop small molecule inhibitors, we have summarized the PTMs of PD-L1. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors in carcinogenesis and explore their potential applications, proposing a novel approach for tumor immunotherapy based on PD-L1 PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Suyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Zhihao You
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations & Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
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3
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Idris T, Bachmann M, Bacchetta M, Wehrle-Haller B, Chanson M, Badaoui M. Akt-driven TGF-β and DKK1 Secretion Impairs F508del Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium Polarity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:81-94. [PMID: 38531016 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0408oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarity is fundamental in maintaining barrier integrity and tissue protection. In cystic fibrosis (CF), apicobasal polarity of the airway epithelium is altered, resulting in increased apical fibronectin deposition and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections. Here, we evaluated the effect of highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT) on fibronectin apical deposition and investigated the intracellular mechanisms triggering the defect in polarity of the CF airway epithelium. To this end, primary cultures of CF (F508del variant) human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) and a HAEC line, Calu-3, knocked down for CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) were compared with control counterparts. We show that CFTR mutation in primary HAECs and CFTR knockdown cells promote the overexpression and oversecretion of TGF-β1 and DKK1 when cultured at an air-liquid interface. These dynamic changes result in hyperactivation of the TGF-β pathway and inhibition of the Wnt pathway through degradation of β-catenin leading to imbalanced proliferation and polarization. The abnormal interplay between TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways is reinforced by aberrant Akt signaling. Pharmacological manipulation of TGF-β, Wnt, and Akt pathways restored polarization of the F508del CF epithelium, a correction that was not achieved by HEMT. Our data shed new insights into the signaling pathways that fine-tune apicobasal polarization in primary airway epithelial cells and may provide an explanation to the mitigated efficacy of HEMT on lung infection in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Idris
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism
| | | | | | | | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, and
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Giarratana AO, Prendergast CM, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:594. [PMID: 38926762 PMCID: PMC11201862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a vital regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It functions through canonical SMAD-mediated processes and noncanonical pathways involving MAPK cascades, PI3K/AKT, Rho-like GTPases, and NF-κB signaling. This intricate signaling system is finely tuned by interactions between canonical and noncanonical pathways and plays key roles in both physiologic and pathologic conditions including tissue homeostasis, fibrosis, and cancer progression. TGF-β signaling is known to have paradoxical actions. Under normal physiologic conditions, TGF-β signaling promotes cell quiescence and apoptosis, acting as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, in pathological states such as inflammation and cancer, it triggers processes that facilitate cancer progression and tissue remodeling, thus promoting tumor development and fibrosis. Here, we detail the role that TGF-β plays in cancer and fibrosis and highlight the potential for future theranostics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Giarratana
- Northwell Health - Peconic Bay Medical Center, 1 Heroes Way, Riverhead, NY, 11901, USA.
| | | | - Mary M Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 11032, USA
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5
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Noonan HR, Thornock AM, Barbano J, Xifaras ME, Baron CS, Yang S, Koczirka K, McConnell AM, Zon LI. A chronic signaling TGFb zebrafish reporter identifies immune response in melanoma. eLife 2024; 13:e83527. [PMID: 38874379 PMCID: PMC11178360 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways associated with growth factors such as TGFb are commonly dysregulated in melanoma. Here we identified a human TGFb enhancer specifically activated in melanoma cells treated with TGFB1 ligand. We generated stable transgenic zebrafish with this TGFb Induced Enhancer driving green fluorescent protein (TIE:EGFP). TIE:EGFP was not expressed in normal melanocytes or early melanomas but was expressed in spatially distinct regions of advanced melanomas. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells down-regulated interferon response while up-regulating a novel set of chronic TGFb target genes. ChIP-sequencing demonstrated that AP-1 factor binding is required for activation of chronic TGFb response. Overexpression of SATB2, a chromatin remodeler associated with tumor spreading, showed activation of TGFb signaling in early melanomas. Confocal imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that macrophages localize to TIE:EGFP+ regions and preferentially phagocytose TIE:EGFP+ melanoma cells compared to TIE:EGFP- melanoma cells. This work identifies a TGFb induced immune response and demonstrates the need for the development of chronic TGFb biomarkers to predict patient response to TGFb inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Noonan
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Alexandra M Thornock
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julia Barbano
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Immunology Program, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Chloe S Baron
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Song Yang
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Katherine Koczirka
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Alicia M McConnell
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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6
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Mansour MA, Hassan GS, Serya RAT, Jaballah MY, Abouzid KAM. Advances in the discovery of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107332. [PMID: 38581966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Activin receptor‑like kinase-5 (ALK5) is an outstanding member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. (TGF-β) signaling pathway integrates pleiotropic proteins that regulate various cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation within the signaling pathway can cause variety of diseases, such as fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, and especially cancer, rendering ALK5 a potential drug target. Hence, various small molecules have been designed and synthesized as potent ALK5 inhibitors. In this review, we shed light on the current ATP-competitive inhibitors of ALK5 through diverse heterocyclic based scaffolds that are in clinical or pre-clinical phases of development. Moreover, we focused on the binding interactions of the compounds to the ATP binding site and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of each scaffold, revealing new scopes for designing novel candidates with enhanced selectivity and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghaneya S Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rabah A T Serya
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Maiy Y Jaballah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
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7
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Jiang Y, Ren X, Liu G, Chen S, Hao M, Deng X, Huang H, Liu K. Exploring the mechanism of contact-dependent cell-cell communication on chemosensitivity based on single-cell high-throughput drug screening platform. Talanta 2024; 273:125869. [PMID: 38490027 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening (HTDS) has significantly reduced the time and cost of new drug development. Nonetheless, contact-dependent cell-cell communication (CDCCC) may impact the chemosensitivity of tumour cells. There is a pressing need for low-cost single-cell HTDS platforms, alongside a deep comprehension of the mechanisms by which CDCCC affects drug efficacy, to fully unveil the efficacy of anticancer drugs. In this study, we develop a microfluidic chip for single-cell HTDS and evaluate the molecular mechanisms impacted by CDCCC using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The chip achieves high-quality drug mixing and single-cell capture, with single-cell drug screening results on the chip showing consistency with those on the 96-well plates under varying concentration gradients. Through quantitative proteomic analysis, we deduce that the absence of CDCCC in single tumour cells can enhance their chemoresistance potential, but simultaneously subject them to stronger proliferation inhibition. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis suggests that CDCCC could impact several signalling pathways in tumour single cells that regulate vital biological processes such as tumour proliferation, adhesion, and invasion. These results offer valuable insights into the potential connection between CDCCC and the chemosensitivity of tumour cells. This research paves the way for the development of single-cell HTDC platforms and holds the promise of advancing tumour personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuelian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shulei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xinran Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, China.
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8
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Nussinov R, Yavuz BR, Jang H. Anticancer drugs: How to select small molecule combinations? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:503-519. [PMID: 38782689 PMCID: PMC11162304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Small molecules are at the forefront of anticancer therapies. Successive treatments with single molecules incur drug resistance, calling for combination. Here, we explore the tough choices oncologists face - not just which drugs to use but also the best treatment plans, based on factors such as target proteins, pathways, and gene expression. We consider the reality of cancer's disruption of normal cellular processes, highlighting why it's crucial to understand the ins and outs of current treatment methods. The discussion on using combination drug therapies to target multiple pathways sheds light on a promising approach while also acknowledging the hurdles that come with it, such as dealing with pathway crosstalk. We review options and provide examples and the mechanistic basis, altogether providing the first comprehensive guide to combinatorial therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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9
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Baranda JC, Robbrecht D, Sullivan R, Doger B, Santoro A, Barve M, Grob J, Bechter O, Vieito M, de Miguel MJ, Schadendorf D, Johnson M, Pouzin C, Cantalloube C, Wang R, Lee J, Chen X, Demers B, Amrate A, Abbadessa G, Hodi FS. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR439459, a TGFβ inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors: Findings from a phase 1/1b study. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13854. [PMID: 38898592 PMCID: PMC11186846 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SAR439459 (SAR'459), a "second-generation" human anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody, enhances the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this phase I/Ib study, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of SAR'459 ± cemiplimab (intravenous) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Increasing doses of SAR'459 were administered every 2 or 3 weeks (Q2W, Q3W) alone (Part 1A) or with 3 mg/kg cemiplimab Q2W or 350 mg Q3W (Part 1B). In Part 2A (dose expansion), melanoma patients were randomly (1:1) administered 22.5 or 7.5 mg/kg SAR'459. In Part 2B (dose expansion), 22.5 mg/kg SAR'459 and 350 mg cemiplimab Q3W were administered. The primary end points were maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or maximum administered dose (MAD; Part 1), preliminary antitumor activity (Part 2B), and optimal monotherapy dose (Part 2A). Twenty-eight and 24 patients were treated in Parts 1A and 1B, respectively; MTD was not reached, MAD was 15 (Q2W) and 22.5 mg/kg (Q3W) alone and in combination, respectively. Fourteen and 95 patients, including 14 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, were treated in Parts 2A and 2B, respectively. The population PK model yielded satisfactory goodness-of-fit plots and adequately described the observed data by a two-compartment PK model with linear elimination. Objective responses were not observed in Parts 1 and 2A. In Part 2B, objective response rate was 8.4% and 7.1% across tumor types and the HCC cohort, respectively. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse effects were hemorrhagic events (43.5%), keratoacanthoma (6.8%), and skin neoplasms (6.2%). Fatal bleeding occurred in 21.4% HCC patients despite the implementation of mitigation measures. SAR'459 monotherapy and combination with cemiplimab appeared relatively safe and tolerable in limited number of patients in dose escalation. However, the study was discontinued due to the unclear efficacy of SAR'459 and bleeding risk, particularly in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquina C. Baranda
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Cancer CenterFairwayKansasUSA
| | | | - Ryan Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University Via Rita Levi MontalciniPieve Emanuele, MilanItaly
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital‐Humanitas Cancer Center Via ManzoniRozzano, MilanItaly
| | | | | | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity Hospitals Leuven, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maria Vieito
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO) SpainBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Dirk Schadendorf
- University of Essen and the German Cancer ConsortiumEssenGermany
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLCCNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‐OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
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10
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Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Medina-Reyes D, Sánchez-Barrera CA, Fernández-Muñoz KV, García-Castillo V, Ledesma-Torres JL, González-González MI, Reyes JL, Pérez-Plascencia C, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Vaca-Paniagua F, Meraz MA, Terrazas LI. Helminth-derived molecules improve 5-fluorouracil treatment on experimental colon tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116628. [PMID: 38663106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent fatal neoplasias worldwide. Despite efforts to improve the early diagnosis of CRC, the mortality rate of patients is still nearly 50%. The primary treatment strategy for CRC is surgery, which may be accompanied by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The conventional and first-line chemotherapeutic agent utilized is 5-fluorouracil (5FU). However, it has low efficiency. Combination treatment with leucovorin and oxaliplatin or irinotecan improves the effectiveness of 5FU therapy. Unfortunately, most patients develop drug resistance, leading to disease progression. Here, we evaluated the effect of a potential alternative adjuvant treatment for 5FU, helminth-derived Taenia crassiceps (TcES) molecules, on treating advanced colitis-associated colon cancer. The use of TcES enhanced the effects of 5FU on established colonic tumors by downregulating the expression of the immunoregulatory cytokines, Il-10 and Tgf-β, and proinflammatory cytokines, Tnf-α and Il-17a, and reducing the levels of molecular markers associated with malignancy, cyclin D1, and Ki67, both involved in apoptosis inhibition and the signaling pathway of β-catenin. TcES+5FU therapy promoted NK cell recruitment and the release of Granzyme B1 at the tumor site, consequently inducing tumor cell death. Additionally, it restored P53 activity which relates to decreased Mdm2 expression. In vitro assays with human colon cancer cell lines showed that therapy with TcES+5FU significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration by modulating the P53 and P21 signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time in vivo, that helminth-derived excreted/secreted products may potentiate the effect of 5FU on established colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
| | - Daniela Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc A Sánchez-Barrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Karen V Fernández-Muñoz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Verónica García-Castillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Jorge L Ledesma-Torres
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González-González
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plascencia
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; Laboratorio de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Marco A Meraz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
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11
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Wu H, Li X, Zhang B, Liu P, Qi M, Du Y, Zhang C, Duan W, Chen Z. Single-cell sequencing reveals VEGFR as a potential target for CAR-T cell therapy in chordoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1609-1620. [PMID: 38605247 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordomas are rare osseous neoplasms with a dismal prognosis when they recur. Here we identified cell surface proteins that could potentially serve as novel immunotherapeutic targets in patients with chordoma. METHODS Fourteen chordoma samples from patients attending Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Target molecules were identified on chordoma cells and cancer metastasis-related signalling pathways characterised. VEGFR-targeting CAR-T cells and VEGFR CAR-T cells with an additional TGF-β scFv were synthesised and their in vitro antitumor activities were evaluated, including in a primary chordoma organoid model. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptome sequencing identified the chordoma-specific antigen VEGFR and TGF-β as therapeutic targets. VRGFR CAR-T cells and VEGFR/TGF-β scFv CAR-T cells recognised antigen-positive cells and exhibited significant antitumor effects through CAR-T cell activation and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, VEGFR/TGF-β scFv CAR-T cells showed enhanced and sustained cytotoxicity of chordoma cell lines in vitro compared with VRGFR CAR-T cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive single-cell landscape of human chordoma and highlights its heterogeneity and the role played by TGF-β in chordoma progression. Our findings substantiate the potential of VEGFR as a target for CAR-T cell therapies in chordoma which, together with modulated TGF-β signalling, may augment the efficacy of CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Xinqiang Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Boyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Penghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Maoyang Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yueqi Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wanru Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China.
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Lab of Spinal Cord, Injury and Functional Reconstruction, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China.
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12
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Franzese O, Ancona P, Bianchi N, Aguiari G. Apoptosis, a Metabolic "Head-to-Head" between Tumor and T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:924. [PMID: 38891056 PMCID: PMC11171541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis represents a promising therapeutic approach to drive tumor cells to death. However, this poses challenges due to the intricate nature of cancer biology and the mechanisms employed by cancer cells to survive and escape immune surveillance. Furthermore, molecules released from apoptotic cells and phagocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can facilitate cancer progression and immune evasion. Apoptosis is also a pivotal mechanism in modulating the strength and duration of anti-tumor T-cell responses. Combined strategies including molecular targeting of apoptosis, promoting immunogenic cell death, modulating immunosuppressive cells, and affecting energy pathways can potentially overcome resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Thus, an effective approach for targeting apoptosis within the TME should delicately balance the selective induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, while safeguarding survival, metabolic changes, and functionality of T cells targeting crucial molecular pathways involved in T-cell apoptosis regulation. Enhancing the persistence and effectiveness of T cells may bolster a more resilient and enduring anti-tumor immune response, ultimately advancing therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. This review delves into the pivotal topics of this multifaceted issue and suggests drugs and druggable targets for possible combined therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro Ancona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via F. Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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13
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Liao J, Chen R, Lin B, Deng R, Liang Y, Zeng J, Ma S, Qiu X. Cross-Talk between the TGF-β and Cell Adhesion Signaling Pathways in Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1307-1320. [PMID: 38818471 PMCID: PMC11134594 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.96274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is strongly associated with the cell adhesion signaling pathway in cell differentiation, migration, etc. Mechanistically, TGF-β is secreted in an inactive form and localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via the latent TGF-β binding protein (LTBP). However, it is the release of mature TGF-β that is essential for the activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. This progress requires specific integrins (one of the main groups of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)) to recognize and activate the dormant TGF-β. In addition, TGF-β regulates cell adhesion ability through modulating CAMs expression. The aberrant activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, caused by abnormal expression of key regulatory molecules (such as Smad proteins, certain transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs), promotes tumor invasive and metastasis ability via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the late stages of tumorigenesis. In this paper, we summarize the crosstalk between TGF-β and cell adhesion signaling pathway in cancer and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Rentang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Runhua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523905, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Sha Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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14
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Nitta Y, Kurioka T, Mogi S, Sano H, Yamashita T. Suppression of the TGF-β signaling exacerbates degeneration of auditory neurons in kanamycin-induced ototoxicity in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10910. [PMID: 38740884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in multiple biological processes, including inflammation, immunity, and cell death. However, its specific impact on the cochlea remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of TGF-β signaling suppression on auditory function and cochlear pathology in mice with kanamycin-induced ototoxicity. Kanamycin and furosemide (KM-FS) were systemically administered to 8-week-old C57/BL6 mice, followed by immediate topical application of a TGF-β receptor inhibitor (TGF-βRI) onto the round window membrane. Results showed significant TGF-β receptor upregulation in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) after KM-FA ototoxicity, whereas expression levels in the TGF-βRI treated group remained unchanged. Interestingly, despite no significant change in cochlear TGF-β expression after KM-FS ototoxicity, TGF-βRI treatment resulted in a significant decrease in TGF-β signaling. Regarding auditory function, TGF-βRI treatment offered no therapeutic effects on hearing thresholds and hair cell survival following KM-FS ototoxicity. However, SGN loss and macrophage infiltration were significantly increased with TGF-βRI treatment. These results imply that inhibition of TGF-β signaling after KM-FS ototoxicity promotes cochlear inflammation and SGN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nitta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Kurioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Sachiyo Mogi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hajime Sano
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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15
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Wang Q, Ma J, Gong Y, Zhu L, Tang H, Ye X, Su G, Huang F, Tan S, Zuo X, Gao Y, Yang P. Sex-specific circulating unconventional neutrophils determine immunological outcome of auto-inflammatory Behçet's uveitis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38704363 PMCID: PMC11069589 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells that first respond to insults in circulation. Although associative evidence suggests that differences in neutrophils may be linked to the sex-specific vulnerability of inflammatory diseases, mechanistic links remain elusive. Here, we identified extensive sex-specific heterogeneity in neutrophil composition under normal and auto-inflammatory conditions at single-cell resolution. Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, neutrophil-specific genetic knockouts and transfer experiments, we discovered dysregulation of two unconventional (interferon-α responsive and T cell regulatory) neutrophil subsets leading to male-biased incidence, severity and poor prognosis of auto-inflammatory Behçet's uveitis. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exosome study revealed that male-specific negative effects of both genetic factors and circulating exosomes on unconventional neutrophil subsets contributed to male-specific vulnerability to disease. Collectively, our findings identify sex-specifically distinct neutrophil subsets and highlight unconventional neutrophil subsets as sex-specific therapeutic targets to limit inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxing Gong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lifu Zhu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingsheng Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fanfan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyao Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, and No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Karunarathne WAHM, Lee KT, Choi YH, Kang CH, Lee MH, Kim SH, Kim GY. Investigating rutin as a potential transforming growth factor-β type I receptor antagonist for the inhibition of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Biofactors 2024; 50:477-492. [PMID: 38006284 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung condition characterized by the abnormal regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we investigated the potential of rutin, a natural flavonoid, in attenuating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced ECM regulation and EMT through the inhibition of the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI)-mediated suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling pathway. We found that non-toxic concentrations of rutin attenuated TGF-β-induced ECM-related genes, including fibronectin, elastin, collagen 1 type 1, and TGF-β, as well as myoblast differentiation from MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells accompanied by the downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin. Rutin also inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT processes, such as wound healing, migration, and invasion by regulating EMT-related gene expression. Additionally, rutin attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice, thus providing a potential therapeutic option for IPF. The molecular docking analyses in this study predict that rutin occludes the active site of TβRI and inhibits SMAD-mediated fibrotic signaling pathways in lung fibrosis. These findings highlight the potential of rutin as a promising anti-fibrotic prodrug for lung fibrosis and other TGF-β-induced fibrotic and cancer-related diseases; however, further studies are required to validate its safety and effectiveness in other experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoung Tae Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, Forest Microbiology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Montoya M, Gallus M, Phyu S, Haegelin J, de Groot J, Okada H. A Roadmap of CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cells 2024; 13:726. [PMID: 38727262 PMCID: PMC11083543 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, with a median overall survival of less than 2 years and a nearly 100% mortality rate under standard therapy that consists of surgery followed by combined radiochemotherapy. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in hematological cancers has prompted preclinical and clinical investigations into CAR-T-cell treatment for GBM. However, recent trials have not demonstrated any major success. Here, we delineate existing challenges impeding the effectiveness of CAR-T-cell therapy for GBM, encompassing the cold (immunosuppressive) microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, T-cell exhaustion, local and systemic immunosuppression, and the immune privilege inherent to the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma. Additionally, we deliberate on the progress made in developing next-generation CAR-T cells and novel innovative approaches, such as low-intensity pulsed focused ultrasound, aimed at surmounting current roadblocks in GBM CAR-T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Montoya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Su Phyu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haegelin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
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18
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Verner JM, Arbuthnott HF, Ramachandran R, Bharadwaj M, Chaudhury N, Jou E. Emerging roles of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in tumour pathogenesis and cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:296-315. [PMID: 38745765 PMCID: PMC11090689 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered class of innate immune cells found to have prominent roles in various human immune-related pathologies such as infection and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in cancer was largely unclear until recently, where several emerging studies over the past few years unanimously demonstrate ILCs to be critical players in tumour immunity. Being the innate counterpart of T cells, ILCs are potent cytokine producers through which they orchestrate the overall immune response upstream of adaptive immunity thereby modulating T cell function. Out of the major ILC subsets, ILC1s have gained significant traction as potential immunotherapeutic candidates due to their central involvement with the anti-tumour type 1 immune response. ILC1s are potent producers of the well-established anti-tumour cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ), and exert direct cytotoxicity against cancer cells in response to the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). However, in advanced diseases, ILC1s are found to demonstrate an exhausted phenotype in the tumour microenvironment (TME) with impaired effector functions, characterised by decreased responsiveness to cytokines and reduced IFNγ production. Tumour cells produce immunomodulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and IL-23, and through these suppress ILC1 anti-tumour actfivities and converts ILC1s to pro-tumoural ILC3s respectively, resulting in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ILC1s in tumour immunity, and discusses the exciting prospects of harnessing ILC1s for cancer immunotherapy, either alone or in combination with cytokine-based treatment. The exciting prospects of targeting the upstream innate immune system through ILC1s may surmount the limitations associated with adaptive immune T cell-based strategies used in the clinic currently, and overcome cancer immunotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghavskandhan Ramachandran
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Balliol College, University of Oxford, OX1 3BJ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manini Bharadwaj
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Chaudhury
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jou
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, OX3 9DU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, United Kingdom
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, OX2 6PN Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Rios SA, Oyervides S, Uribe D, Reyes AM, Fanniel V, Vazquez J, Keniry M. Emerging Therapies for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1485. [PMID: 38672566 PMCID: PMC11048459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is most commonly a primary brain tumor and the utmost malignant one, with a survival rate of approximately 12-18 months. Glioblastoma is highly heterogeneous, demonstrating that different types of cells from the same tumor can manifest distinct gene expression patterns and biological behaviors. Conventional therapies such as temozolomide, radiation, and surgery have limitations. As of now, there is no cure for glioblastoma. Alternative treatment methods to eradicate glioblastoma are discussed in this review, including targeted therapies to PI3K, NFKβ, JAK-STAT, CK2, WNT, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and TGFβ pathways. The highly novel application of oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials in combating glioblastoma are also discussed. Despite scores of clinical trials for glioblastoma, the prognosis remains poor. Progress in breaching the blood-brain barrier with nanomaterials and novel avenues for targeted and combination treatments hold promise for the future development of efficacious glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Megan Keniry
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (S.A.R.); (D.U.); (A.M.R.)
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20
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Guo Y, Wang Z, Zhou H, Pan H, Han W, Deng Y, Li Q, Xue J, Ge X, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhu H, Wang Y, Shen H, Liu D, Li J. First-in-human study of GFH018, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β receptor I inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:444. [PMID: 38600507 PMCID: PMC11007962 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine with multiple functions, including cell growth regulation, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis homeostasis adjustment and et al. TGF-β pathway activation promotes tumor metastasis/progression and mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transmission suppressing immunosurveillance in advanced tumors. GFH018, a small molecule inhibitor blocking TGF-β signal transduction, inhibits the progression and/or metastasis of advanced cancers. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of GFH018 monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS This phase I, open-label, multicenter study used a modified 3+3 dose escalation and expansion design. Adult patients with advanced solid tumors failing the standard of care were enrolled. Starting at 5 mg, eight dose levels up to 85 mg were evaluated. Patients received GFH018 BID (14d-on/14d-off) starting on the 4th day after a single dose on cycle 1, day 1. Subsequent cycles were defined as 28 days. The study also explored the safety of 85 mg BID 7d-on/7d-off. Adverse events were graded using NCI criteria for adverse events (NCI-CTCAE v5.0). PK was analyzed using a noncompartmental method. Efficacy was evaluated using RECIST 1.1. Blood samples were collected for biomarker analysis. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of GFH018. No dose-limiting toxicity occurred, and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Forty-three patients (86.0%) had at least one treatment-related adverse event (TRAE), and three patients (6.0%) had ≥ G3 TRAEs. The most common TRAEs (any grade/grade ≥3) were AST increased (18%/0%), proteinuria (14%/2%), anemia (14%/2%), and ALT increased (12%/0%). No significant cardiotoxicity or bleeding was observed. GFH018 PK was linear and dose-independent, with a mean half-life of 2.25-8.60 h from 5 - 85 mg. Nine patients (18.0%) achieved stable disease, and one patient with thymic carcinoma achieved tumor shrinkage, with the maximum target lesion decreased by 18.4%. Serum TGF-β1 levels were not associated with clinical responses. The comprehensive recommended dose for Phase II was defined as 85 mg BID 14d-on/14d-off. CONCLUSIONS GFH018 monotherapy presented a favorable safety profile without cardiac toxicity or bleeding. Modest efficacy warrants further studies, including combination strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial. gov ( https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ ), NCT05051241. Registered on 2021-09-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Translational Science, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Congqiao Zhao
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Haige Shen
- Clinical Department, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Translational Science, GenFleet Therapeutics Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang XJ, Chen JP, Qiao XW, Meng WY, Wang YW, Meng YC, Zhao R, Lin W, Liao YD, Xiao H, Mei PY. Diagnostic Value of GDF10 for the Tumorigenesis and Immune Infiltration in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:309-327. [PMID: 38517673 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with a low survival rate. Evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, a comprehensive analysis of their role in LUSC is lacking. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between BMPs/BMPRs expression levels and the tumorigenesis and prognosis of LUSC. METHODS The "R/Limma" package was utilized to analyze the differential expression characteristics of BMPs/BMPRs in LUSC, using data from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases. Concurrently, the "survminer" packages were employed to investigate their prognostic value and correlation with clinical features in LUSC. The core gene associated with LUSC progression was further explored through weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). LASSO analysis was conducted to construct a prognostic risk model for LUSC. Clinical specimens were examined by immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the diagnostic value in LUSC. Furthermore, based on the tumor immune estimation resource database and tumor-immune system interaction database, the role of the core gene in the tumor microenvironment of LUSC was explored. RESULTS GDF10 had a significant correlation only with the pathological T stage of LUSC, and the protein expression level of GDF10 decreased with the tumorigenesis of LUSC. A prognostic risk model was constructed with GDF10 as the core gene and 5 hub genes (HRASLS, HIST1H2BH, FLRT3, CHEK2, and ALPL) for LUSC. GDF10 showed a significant positive correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. CONCLUSION GDF10 might serve as a diagnostic biomarker reflecting the tumorigenesis of LUSC and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment to guide more effective treatment for LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jia-Ping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin-Wei Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wang-Yang Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang-Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yun-Chong Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yong-de Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Bhat AA, Moglad E, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Ali H. Pollutants to pathogens: The role of heavy metals in modulating TGF-β signaling and lung cancer risk. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155260. [PMID: 38493726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the lungs due to the uncontrolled growth of aberrant cells. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, are metallic elements characterized by their high atomic weights and densities. Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial operations and pollution, have the potential to discharge heavy metals into the environment, hence presenting hazards to ecosystems and human well-being. The TGF-β signalling pathways have a crucial function in controlling several cellular processes, with the ability to both prevent and promote tumor growth. TGF-β regulates cellular responses by interacting in both canonical and non-canonical signalling pathways. Research employing both in vitro and in vivo models has shown that heavy metals may trigger TGF-β signalling via complex molecular pathways. Experiments conducted in a controlled laboratory environment show that heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic may directly bind to TGF-β receptors, leading to alterations in their structure that enable the receptor to be phosphorylated. Activation of this route sets in motion subsequent signalling cascades, most notably the canonical Smad pathway. The development of lung cancer has been linked to heavy metals, which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. To grasp the underlying processes, it is necessary to comprehend their molecular effect on TGF-β pathways. With a particular emphasis on its consequences for lung cancer, this abstract delves into the complex connection between exposure to heavy metals and the stimulation of TGF-β signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
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Cheng YH, Huang CW, Lien HT, Hsiao YY, Weng PL, Chang YC, Cheng JH, Lan KC. A Preliminary Investigation of the Roles of Endometrial Cells in Endometriosis Development via In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3873. [PMID: 38612685 PMCID: PMC11011664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex gynecological disease that affects more than 10% of women in their reproductive years. While surgery can provide temporary relief from women's pain, symptoms often return in as many as 75% of cases within two years. Previous literature has contributed to theories about the development of endometriosis; however, the exact pathogenesis and etiology remain elusive. We conducted a preliminary investigation into the influence of primary endometrial cells (ECs) on the development and progression of endometriosis. In vitro studies, they were involved in inducing Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat-isolated primary endometrial cells, which resulted in increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA gene expression (quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, qPCR) and protein expression (western blot analysis). Additionally, in vivo studies utilized autogenic and allogeneic transplantations (rat to rat) to investigate endometriosis-like lesion cyst size, body weight, protein levels (immunohistochemistry), and mRNA gene expression. These studies demonstrated that estrogen upregulates the gene and protein regulation of cytoskeletal (CK)-18, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), VEGF, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, particularly in the peritoneum. These findings may influence cell proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation markers. Consequently, this could exacerbate the occurrence and progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Cheng
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Wei Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Ting Lien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yung-Chiao Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chung Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.H.); (P.-L.W.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412, Taiwan
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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24
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Jin X, Hu X, Chen J, Shan L, Hao D, Zhang R. Electric field induced the changes in structure and function of human transforming growth factor beta receptor type I: from molecular dynamics to docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38516997 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is believed to play essential roles in several physiological activities, including cancer. TGF-β receptor type I (TBR-I) is a key membrane receptor protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, which relates to many intracellular biological effects. In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been found to have promising prospects in selective anticancer therapy and has confirmed its essential role in the TGF-β signaling pathway. However, the ambiguous effect of CAP-induced electric field (EF) on TBR-I still limits the application of CAP in clinical therapy. Molecular dynamics is applied to assess the effect of EF on the structure of the extracellular domain of TBR-I using a series of indicators and methods, and then we discuss the ligand binding ability of TBR-I. Results show that moderate EF intensities' structural restraints may contribute to the structural stability and ligand-binding ability of TBR-I, but an EF higher than 0.1 V/nm will be harmful. What's more, EF induces a change in the docking interface of TBR-I, showing the conformation and position of special sequences of residues decide the ligand binding surface. The relevant results suggest that CAP-induced EF plays a crucial role in receptor-receptor interaction and provides significant guidelines for EF-related anticancer therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Jin
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochuan Hu
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Li T, Niu M, Zhou J, Wu K, Yi M. The enhanced antitumor activity of bispecific antibody targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:179. [PMID: 38475778 PMCID: PMC10935874 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway, a key player in immune checkpoint regulation, has become a focal point in cancer immunotherapy. In the context of cancer, upregulated PD-L1 on tumor cells can result in T cell exhaustion and immune evasion, fostering tumor progression. The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has demonstrated clinical success by unleashing T cells from exhaustion. Nevertheless, challenges such as resistance and adverse effects have spurred the exploration of innovative strategies, with bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a promising frontier. BsAbs offer a multifaceted approach to cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously targeting PD-L1 and other immune regulatory molecules. We focus on recent advancements in PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with a particular emphasis on the development and potential of BsAbs, especially in the context of solid tumors. Various BsAb products targeting PD-1 signaling are discussed, highlighting their unique mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Noteworthy examples include anti-TGFβ × PD-L1, anti-CD47 × PD-L1, anti-VEGF × PD-L1, anti-4-1BB × PD-L1, anti-LAG-3 × PD-L1, and anti-PD-1 × CTLA-4 BsAbs. Besides, we summarize ongoing clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of these innovative BsAb agents. By unraveling the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment and harnessing the synergistic effects of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 BsAbs, there exists the potential to elevate the precision and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, ultimately enabling the development of personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Qin D, Zhang Y, Shu P, Lei Y, Li X, Wang Y. Targeting tumor-infiltrating tregs for improved antitumor responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325946. [PMID: 38500876 PMCID: PMC10944859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the landscape of cancer treatment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as crucial components of the tumor immune environment, has great therapeutic potential. However, nonspecific inhibition of Tregs in therapies may not lead to enhanced antitumor responses, but could also trigger autoimmune reactions in patients, resulting in intolerable treatment side effects. Hence, the precision targeting and inhibition of tumor-infiltrating Tregs is of paramount importance. In this overview, we summarize the characteristics and subpopulations of Tregs within tumor microenvironment and their inhibitory mechanisms in antitumor responses. Furthermore, we discuss the current major strategies targeting regulatory T cells, weighing their advantages and limitations, and summarize representative clinical trials targeting Tregs in cancer treatment. We believe that developing therapies that specifically target and suppress tumor-infiltrating Tregs holds great promise for advancing immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyuan Qin
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yugu Zhang
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Cancer Center, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Cancer Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Guo W, Liu H, Yan Y, Wu D, Yao H, Lin K, Li X. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway: an updated patent review (2021-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:99-126. [PMID: 38648107 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2346325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The TGF-β signaling pathway is a complex network that plays a crucial role in regulating essential biological functions and is implicated in the onset and progression of multiple diseases. This review highlights the recent advancements in developing inhibitors targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway and their potential therapeutic applications in various diseases. AREA COVERED The review discusses patents on active molecules related to the TGF-β signaling pathway, focusing on three strategies: TGF-β activity inhibition, blocking TGF-β receptor binding, and disruption of the signaling pathway using small molecule inhibitors. Combination therapies and the development of fusion proteins targeting multiple pathways are also explored. The literature search was conducted using the Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database, covering patents from 2021 onwards. EXPERT OPINION The development of drugs targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway has made significant progress in recent years. However, addressing challenges such as specificity, systemic toxicity, and patient selection is crucial for their successful clinical application. Targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway holds promise as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hequan Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejiang Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Zhao S, Ali AS, Liu X, Yu Z, Kong X, Zhang Y, Paul Savage G, Xu Y, Lin B, Wu D, Francis CL. 1,3-Disubstituted-1,2,4-triazin-6-ones with potent activity against androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 101:117634. [PMID: 38359754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a small, focused library of 1,3-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazin-6-ones for in vitro inhibitory activity against androgen-receptor-dependent (22Rv1) and androgen-receptor independent (PC3) castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells led to highly active compounds with in vitro IC50 values against 22Rv1 cells of <200 nM, and with apparent selectivity for this cell type over PC3 cells. From metabolic/PK evaluations of these compounds, a 3-benzyl-1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl) derivative had superior properties and showed considerably stronger activity, by nearly an order of magnitude, against AR-dependent LNCaP and C4-2B cells compared to AR-independent DU145 cells. This lead compound decreased AR expression in a dose and time dependent manner and displayed promising therapeutic effects in a 22Rv1 CRPC xenograft mouse model. Computational target prediction and subsequent docking studies suggested three potential known prostate cancer targets: p38a MAPK, TGF-β1, and HGFR/c-Met, with the latter case of c-Met appearing stronger, owing to close structural similarity of the lead compound to known pyridazin-3-one derivatives with potent c-Met inhibitory activity. RNA-seq analysis showed dramatic reduction of AR signalling pathway and/or target genes by the lead compound, subsequently confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis. The lead compound was highly inhibitory against HGF, the c-Met ligand, which fitted well with the computational target prediction and docking studies. These results suggest that this compound could be a promising starting point for the development of an effective therapy for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdelsalam S Ali
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - G Paul Savage
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Craig L Francis
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Team, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Jiménez DJ, Javed A, Rubio-Tomás T, Seye-Loum N, Barceló C. Clinical and Preclinical Targeting of Oncogenic Pathways in PDAC: Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for the Deadliest Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2860. [PMID: 38474109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is commonly diagnosed in advanced stages and therapeutic interventions are typically constrained to systemic chemotherapy, which yields only modest clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine recent developments in targeted therapy tailored to address distinct molecular pathway alteration required for PDAC. Our review delineates the principal signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of PDAC. Subsequently, we provide an overview of prevailing guidelines, ongoing investigations, and prospective research trajectories related to targeted therapeutic interventions, drawing insights from randomized clinical trials and other pertinent studies. This review focus on a comprehensive examination of preclinical and clinical data substantiating the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities, emphasizing the potential of combinatorial regimens and novel therapies to enhance the quality of life for individuals afflicted with PDAC. Lastly, the review delves into the contemporary application and ongoing research endeavors concerning targeted therapy for PDAC. This synthesis serves to bridge the molecular elucidation of PDAC with its clinical implications, the evolution of innovative therapeutic strategies, and the changing landscape of treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Jiménez
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aadil Javed
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ndioba Seye-Loum
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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30
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Runa F, Ortiz-Soto G, de Barros NR, Kelber JA. Targeting SMAD-Dependent Signaling: Considerations in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Solid Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:326. [PMID: 38543112 PMCID: PMC10975212 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SMADs are the canonical intracellular effector proteins of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β). SMADs translocate from plasma membrane receptors to the nucleus regulated by many SMAD-interacting proteins through phosphorylation and other post-translational modifications that govern their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and subsequent transcriptional activity. The signaling pathway of TGF-β/SMAD exhibits both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting phenotypes in epithelial-derived solid tumors. Collectively, the pleiotropic nature of TGF-β/SMAD signaling presents significant challenges for the development of effective cancer therapies. Here, we review preclinical studies that evaluate the efficacy of inhibitors targeting major SMAD-regulating and/or -interacting proteins, particularly enzymes that may play important roles in epithelial or mesenchymal compartments within solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Runa
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan A Kelber
- Department of Biology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Kuruc T, Samec M, Kajo K, Kotorova K, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Svajdlenka E, Dvorska D, Brany D, Baranovicova E, Sadlonova V, Mojzis J, Kello M. Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1216199. [PMID: 38464730 PMCID: PMC10921418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Based on extensive data from oncology research, the use of phytochemicals or plant-based nutraceuticals is considered an innovative tool for cancer management. This research aimed to analyze the oncostatic properties of Salvia officinalis L. [Lamiaceae; Salviae officinalis herba] using animal and in vitro models of breast carcinoma (BC). Methods: The effects of dietary administered S. officinalis in two concentrations (0.1%/SAL 0.1/and 1%/SAL 1/) were assessed in both syngeneic 4T1 mouse and chemically induced rat models of BC. The histopathological and molecular evaluations of rodent carcinoma specimens were performed after the autopsy. Besides, numerous in vitro analyses using two human cancer cell lines were performed. Results and Conclusion: The dominant metabolites found in S. officinalis propylene glycol extract (SPGE) were representatives of phenolics, specifically rosmarinic, protocatechuic, and salicylic acids. Furthermore, the occurrence of triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid was proved in SPGE. In a mouse model, a non-significant tumor volume decrease after S. officinalis treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the mitotic activity index of 4T1 tumors by 37.5% (SAL 0.1) and 31.5% (SAL 1) vs. controls (set as a blank group with not applied salvia in the diet). In addition, salvia at higher doses significantly decreased necrosis/whole tumor area ratio by 46% when compared to control tumor samples. In a rat chemoprevention study, S. officinalis at a higher dose significantly lengthened the latency of tumors by 8.5 days and significantly improved the high/low-grade carcinomas ratio vs. controls in both doses. Analyses of the mechanisms of anticancer activities of S. officinalis included well-validated prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic biomarkers that are applied in both oncology practice and preclinical investigation. Our assessment in vivo revealed numerous significant changes after a comparison of treated vs. untreated cancer cells. In this regard, we found an overexpression in caspase-3, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a decrease in MDA, ALDH1, and EpCam expression. In addition, salvia reduced TGF-β serum levels in rats (decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels were with borderline significance). Evaluation of epigenetic modifications in rat cancer specimens in vivo revealed a decline in the lysine methylations of H3K4m3 and an increase in lysine acetylation in H4K16ac levels in treated groups. Salvia decreased the relative levels of oncogenic miR21 and tumor-suppressive miR145 (miR210, miR22, miR34a, and miR155 were not significantly altered). The methylation of ATM and PTEN promoters was decreased after S. officinalis treatment (PITX2, RASSF1, and TIMP3 promoters were not altered). Analyzing plasma metabolomics profile in tumor-bearing rats, we found reduced levels of ketoacids derived from BCAAs after salvia treatment. In vitro analyses revealed significant anti-cancer effects of SPGE extract in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cytotoxicity, caspase-3/-7, Bcl-2, Annexin V/PI, cell cycle, BrdU, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Our study demonstrates the significant chemopreventive and treatment effects of salvia haulm using animal or in vitro BC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kotorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emil Svajdlenka
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Brany
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimira Sadlonova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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32
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Lee K, Drakas R, He JC. Small Molecule Allosteric Inhibitor of HIPK2 as a Novel Therapy against Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:00001751-990000000-00255. [PMID: 38478362 PMCID: PMC11164111 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Rila Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Drakas
- Rila Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovations Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - John C. He
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Rila Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California
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Robbrecht D, Grob J, Bechter O, Simonelli M, Doger B, Borbath I, Butler MO, Cheng T, Romano PM, Pons‐Tostivint E, Di Nicola M, Curigliano G, Ryu M, Rodriguez‐Vida A, Schadendorf D, Garralda E, Abbadessa G, Demers B, Amrate A, Wang H, Lee JS, Pomponio R, Wang R. Biomarker and pharmacodynamic activity of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) inhibitor SAR439459 as monotherapy and in combination with cemiplimab in a phase I clinical study in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13736. [PMID: 38362837 PMCID: PMC10870242 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
SAR439459, a 'second-generation' human anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) monoclonal antibody, inhibits all TGFβ isoforms and improves the antitumor activity of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 therapeutics. This study reports the pharmacodynamics (PD) and biomarker results from phase I/Ib first-in-human study of SAR439459 ± cemiplimab in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT03192345). In dose-escalation phase (Part 1), SAR439459 was administered intravenously at increasing doses either every 2 weeks (Q2W) or every 3 weeks (Q3W) with cemiplimab IV at 3 mg/kg Q2W or 350 mg Q3W, respectively, in patients with advanced solid tumors. In dose-expansion phase (Part 2), patients with melanoma received SAR439459 IV Q3W at preliminary recommended phase II dose (pRP2D) of 22.5/7.5 mg/kg or at 22.5 mg/kg with cemiplimab 350 mg IV Q3W. Tumor biopsy and peripheral blood samples were collected for exploratory biomarker analyses to assess target engagement and PD, and results were correlated with patients' clinical parameters. SAR439459 ± cemiplimab showed decreased plasma and tissue TGFβ, downregulation of TGFβ-pathway activation signature, modulation of peripheral natural killer (NK) and T cell expansion, proliferation, and increased secretion of CXCL10. Conversion of tumor tissue samples from 'immune-excluded' to 'immune-infiltrated' phenotype in a representative patient with melanoma SAR439459 22.5 mg/kg with cemiplimab was observed. In paired tumor and plasma, active and total TGFβ1 was more consistently elevated followed by TGFβ2, whereas TGFβ3 was only measurable (lower limit of quantitation ≥2.68 pg/mg) in tumors. SAR439459 ± cemiplimab showed expected peripheral PD effects and TGFβ alteration. However, further studies are needed to identify biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Robbrecht
- Medical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Jacques Grob
- Dermatology and Oncology ServiceAix Marseille University and Timone HospitalMarseilleFrance
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical OncologyLeuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Matteo Simonelli
- Department of Biomedical ScienceHumanitas UniversityMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid‐FJD, Early Phase Clinical Trials UnitHospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez DíazMadridSpain
| | - Ivan Borbath
- Department of HepatogastroenterologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc, Université Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Marcus O. Butler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of ImmunologyPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tina Cheng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Patricia Martin Romano
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces, Gustave RoussyUniversité Paris‐SaclayVillejuifFrance
| | | | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative TherapeuticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug DevelopmentEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Min‐Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Alejo Rodriguez‐Vida
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, CIBERONCIMIM Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital EssenEssenGermany
- German Cancer Consortium, partner site EssenEssenGermany
- NCT‐West, Campus EssenEssenGermany
- University Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, University Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Elena Garralda
- Medical Oncology DepartmentVall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of OncologyBarcelonaSpain
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Ito K, Yamaguchi M, Semba T, Tabata K, Tamura M, Aoyama M, Abe T, Asano O, Terada Y, Funahashi Y, Fujii H. Amelioration of Tumor-promoting Microenvironment via Vascular Remodeling and CAF Suppression Using E7130: Biomarker Analysis by Multimodal Imaging Modalities. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:235-247. [PMID: 37816248 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
E7130 is a novel anticancer agent created from total synthetic study of the natural compound norhalichondrin B. In addition to inhibiting microtubule dynamics, E7130 also ameliorates tumor-promoting aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and promoting remodeling of tumor vasculature. Here, we demonstrate TME amelioration by E7130 using multi-imaging modalities, including multiplexed mass cytometry [cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF)] analysis, multiplex IHC analysis, and MRI. Experimental solid tumors characterized by large numbers of CAFs in TME were treated with E7130. E7130 suppressed LAP-TGFβ1 production, a precursor of TGFβ1, in CAFs but not in cancer cells; an effect that was accompanied by a reduction of circulating TGFβ1 in plasma. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to show a reduction of TGFβ1 production in TME. Furthermore, multiplex IHC analysis revealed reduced cellularity and increased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in E7130-treated xenografts. Increased microvessel density (MVD) and collagen IV (Col IV), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component associated with endothelial cells, were also observed in the TME, and plasma Col IV levels were also increased by E7130 treatment. MRI revealed increased accumulation of a contrast agent in xenografts. Moreover, diffusion-weighted MRI after E7130 treatment indicated reduction of tumor cellularity and interstitial fluid pressure. Overall, our findings strongly support the mechanism of action that E7130 alters the TME in therapeutically beneficial ways. Importantly, from a translational perspective, our data demonstrated MRI as a noninvasive biomarker to detect TME amelioration by E7130, supported by consistent changes in plasma biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ito
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Semba
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Kimiyo Tabata
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Moe Tamura
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Muneo Aoyama
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Takanori Abe
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Osamu Asano
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Terada
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Fujii
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Ahuja S, Zaheer S. Multifaceted TGF-β signaling, a master regulator: From bench-to-bedside, intricacies, and complexities. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:87-127. [PMID: 37859532 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted polypeptide factors, acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, especially fibrosis and cancer, overexpressed TGF-β causes extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer-associated fibroblast formation, and/or angiogenesis. In this review article, we have tried to dive deep into the mechanism of action of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. As TGF-β and its downstream signaling mechanism are implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis blocking this signaling mechanism appears to be a promising avenue. However, targeting TGF-β carries substantial risk as this pathway is implicated in multiple homeostatic processes and is also known to have tumor-suppressor functions. There is a need for careful dosing of TGF-β drugs for therapeutic use and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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36
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Chua ZM, Tajebe F, Abuwarwar M, Fletcher AL. Differential induction of T-cell tolerance by tumour fibroblast subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102410. [PMID: 38237251 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy is now a first-line cancer treatment for metastatic melanoma and some lung cancer subtypes, which is a welcome clinical success. However, the response rates observed in these diseases are not yet replicated across other prominent solid tumour types, particularly stromal-rich subtypes with a complex microenvironment that suppresses infiltrating T cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the most abundant and pro-pathogenic players in the tumour microenvironment, promoting tumour neogenesis, persistence and metastasis. Accumulating evidence is clear that CAFs subdue anti-tumour T-cell immunity and interfere with immunotherapy. CAFs can be grouped into different subtypes that operate synergistically to suppress T-cell function, including myofibroblastic CAFs, inflammatory CAFs and antigen-presenting CAFs, among other nomenclatures. Here, we review the mechanisms used by CAFs to induce T- cell tolerance and how these functions are likely to affect immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Mx Chua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fitsumbhran Tajebe
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar 0000, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abuwarwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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37
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Becht R, Kiełbowski K, Wasilewicz MP. New Opportunities in the Systemic Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Today and Tomorrow. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1456. [PMID: 38338736 PMCID: PMC10855889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represent major risk factors of HCC. Multiple different treatment options are available, depending on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm. Systemic treatment is reserved for certain patients in stages B and C, who will not benefit from regional treatment methods. In the last fifteen years, the arsenal of available therapeutics has largely expanded, which improved treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to these agents and novel combinations and drugs are needed. In this review, we aim to summarize the pathway of trials investigating the safety and efficacy of targeted therapeutics and immunotherapies since the introduction of sorafenib. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence regarding resistance mechanisms and potential novel targets in the treatment of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Becht
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (R.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (R.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Michał P. Wasilewicz
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Paine PT, Rechsteiner C, Morandini F, Desdín-Micó G, Mrabti C, Parras A, Haghani A, Brooke R, Horvath S, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Ocampo A. Initiation phase cellular reprogramming ameliorates DNA damage in the ERCC1 mouse model of premature aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 4:1323194. [PMID: 38322248 PMCID: PMC10844398 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1323194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unlike aged somatic cells, which exhibit a decline in molecular fidelity and eventually reach a state of replicative senescence, pluripotent stem cells can indefinitely replenish themselves while retaining full homeostatic capacity. The conferment of beneficial-pluripotency related traits via in vivo partial cellular reprogramming in vivo partial reprogramming significantly extends lifespan and restores aging phenotypes in mouse models. Although the phases of cellular reprogramming are well characterized, details of the rejuvenation processes are poorly defined. To understand whether cellular reprogramming can ameliorate DNA damage, we created a reprogrammable accelerated aging mouse model with an ERCC1 mutation. Importantly, using enhanced partial reprogramming by combining small molecules with the Yamanaka factors, we observed potent reversion of DNA damage, significant upregulation of multiple DNA damage repair processes, and restoration of the epigenetic clock. In addition, we present evidence that pharmacological inhibition of ALK5 and ALK2 receptors in the TGFb pathway are able to phenocopy some benefits including epigenetic clock restoration suggesting a role in the mechanism of rejuvenation by partial reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Treat Paine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Francesco Morandini
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gabriela Desdín-Micó
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Calida Mrabti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Vaud, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Brooke
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, United States
- Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Torrance, CA, United States
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- EPITERNA SA, Vaud, Switzerland
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Li G, Gao J, Ding P, Gao Y. The role of endothelial cell-pericyte interactions in vascularization and diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00029-8. [PMID: 38246244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) are crucial components of the vascular system, with ECs lining the inner layer of blood vessels and PCs surrounding capillaries to regulate blood flow and angiogenesis. Intercellular communication between ECs and PCs is vital for the formation, stability, and function of blood vessels. Various signaling pathways, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway and the platelet-derived growth factor-B/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β pathway, play roles in communication between ECs and PCs. Dysfunctional communication between these cells is associated with various diseases, including vascular diseases, central nervous system disorders, and certain types of cancers. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to explore the diverse roles of ECs and PCs in the formation and reshaping of blood vessels. This review focused on the essential signaling pathways that facilitate communication between these cells and investigated how disruptions in these pathways may contribute to disease. Additionally, the review explored potential therapeutic targets, future research directions, and innovative approaches, such as investigating the impact of EC-PCs in novel systemic diseases, addressing resistance to antiangiogenic drugs, and developing novel antiangiogenic medications to enhance therapeutic efficacy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Disordered EC-PC intercellular signaling plays a role in abnormal blood vessel formation, thus contributing to the progression of various diseases and the development of resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Therefore, studies on EC-PC intercellular interactions have high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Lv SL, Guo P, Zou JR, Chen RS, Luo LY, Huang DQ. Prognostic significance and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer: A clinicopathological study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:118-132. [PMID: 38292835 PMCID: PMC10824111 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TGF-β/SMAD3 and VEGFR-1 signaling pathways play important roles in gastric cancer metastasis. SMAD3 phosphorylation is a crucial prognostic marker in gastric cancer. AIM To determine the prognostic value and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer. METHODS This was a single-center observational study which enrolled 98 gastric cancer patients and 82 adjacent normal gastric tissues from patients aged 32-84 years (median age 65) between July 2006 and April 2007. Patients were followed up until death or the study ended (median follow-up duration of 28.5 mo). The samples were used to generate tissue microarrays (TMAs) for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The expressions of TGF-β1, pSMAD3C(S423/425), pSMAD3L(S204), and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer (GC) tumor tissue and normal tissue were measured by IHC staining using TMAs obtained from 98 GC patients. Prognosis and survival information of the patients was recorded by Outdo Biotech from May 2007 to July 2015. The relationship between TGF-β1, pSMAD3C(S423/425), pSMAD3L(S204), and VEGFR-1 protein expression levels was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The relationship between protein expression levels and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the Chi-squared test. A survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS TGFβ-1 and VEGFR-1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The positive expression of phosphorylated isoforms of Smad3 varied depending on the phosphorylation site [pSMAD3C(S423/425): 51.0% and pSMAD3L(S204): 31.6%]. High expression of pSMAD3L(S204) was significantly correlated with larger tumors (P = 0.038) and later N stages (P = 0.035). Additionally, high expression of VEGFR-1 was closely correlated with tumor size (P = 0.015) and pathological grading (P = 0.013). High expression of both pSMAD3L(S204) and VEGFR-1 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of pSMAD3L(S204) and VEGFR-1 were independent risk factors for prognosis in GC patients. VEGFR-1 protein expression was correlated with TGF-β1 (r = 0.220, P = 0.029), pSMAD3C(S423/425) (r = 0.302, P = 0.002), and pSMAD3L(S204) (r = 0.201, P = 0.047), respectively. Simultaneous overexpression of pSMAD3L(S204) and VEGFR-1 was associated with poor OS in gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSION Co-upregulation of pSMAD3L(S204) and VEGFR-1 can serve as a predictive marker for poor gastric cancer prognosis, and pSMAD3L(204) may be involved in enhanced gastric cancer metastasis in a VEGFR-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Lv
- Hospital of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zou
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ren-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Yu Luo
- Hospital of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - De-Qiang Huang
- Hospital of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Kirschenbaum D, Xie K, Ingelfinger F, Katzenelenbogen Y, Abadie K, Look T, Sheban F, Phan TS, Li B, Zwicky P, Yofe I, David E, Mazuz K, Hou J, Chen Y, Shaim H, Shanley M, Becker S, Qian J, Colonna M, Ginhoux F, Rezvani K, Theis FJ, Yosef N, Weiss T, Weiner A, Amit I. Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics defines immune trajectories in glioblastoma. Cell 2024; 187:149-165.e23. [PMID: 38134933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the cell-state transitions underlying immune adaptation across time is fundamental for advancing biology. Empirical in vivo genomic technologies that capture cellular dynamics are currently lacking. We present Zman-seq, a single-cell technology recording transcriptomic dynamics across time by introducing time stamps into circulating immune cells, tracking them in tissues for days. Applying Zman-seq resolved cell-state and molecular trajectories of the dysfunctional immune microenvironment in glioblastoma. Within 24 hours of tumor infiltration, cytotoxic natural killer cells transitioned to a dysfunctional program regulated by TGFB1 signaling. Infiltrating monocytes differentiated into immunosuppressive macrophages, characterized by the upregulation of suppressive myeloid checkpoints Trem2, Il18bp, and Arg1, over 36 to 48 hours. Treatment with an antagonistic anti-TREM2 antibody reshaped the tumor microenvironment by redirecting the monocyte trajectory toward pro-inflammatory macrophages. Zman-seq is a broadly applicable technology, enabling empirical measurements of differentiation trajectories, which can enhance the development of more efficacious immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kirschenbaum
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ken Xie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Kathleen Abadie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Look
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fadi Sheban
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Yofe
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kfir Mazuz
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hila Shaim
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Soeren Becker
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nir Yosef
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Weiner
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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Chung YY, Cheng SJ, Ko HH, Shie WY, Elizabeth Chou HY. Evaluation of the prognostic and therapeutic potential of inhibin beta B for oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:448-454. [PMID: 38303818 PMCID: PMC10829639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide, and its metastasis is difficult to predict and prevent. Inhibin beta B (INHBB) protein has been linked to cancer prognosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, previous study about INHBB expression focused on patients in a single region while the risk factors vary among regions. This study aimed to provide a broader perspective on INHBB expression in OSCC. Materials and methods Tissue micro-arrays comprising 118 specimens were subjected to immunohistochemistry, and all slides were quantified using StrataQuest software. Results The ratio of INHBB-positive cells to total cells was significantly higher in OSCC samples than in normal samples, and the intensity of INHBB expression was significantly greater in the late-stage OSCC. After classifying specimens into high and low INHBB expression groups, a significant association with clinical staging was found. Though a previous study suggested that menin regulates INHBB, menin expression was not detected in specimens. Conclusion The ratio of INHBB-positive cells in OSCC may be druggable for targeting tumor cells or assisting in diagnosis, and the intensity of INHBB expression may provide prognostic information for predicting potential metastasis. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of INHBB in OSCC remains unclear and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yu Chung
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsin Ko
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yi Shie
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Elizabeth Chou
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang L, Si W, Yu X, Piffko A, Dou X, Ding X, Bugno J, Yang K, Wen C, Zhang L, Chen D, Huang X, Wang J, Arina A, Pitroda S, Chmura SJ, He C, Liang HL, Weichselbaum R. Epitranscriptional regulation of TGF-β pseudoreceptor BAMBI by m6A/YTHDF2 drives extrinsic radioresistance. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172919. [PMID: 38099498 PMCID: PMC10721150 DOI: 10.1172/jci172919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of TGF-β signaling serves as an extrinsic resistance mechanism that limits the potential for radiotherapy. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) antagonizes TGF-β signaling and is implicated in cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of BAMBI regulation in immune cells and its impact on antitumor immunity after radiation have not been established. Here, we show that ionizing radiation (IR) specifically reduces BAMBI expression in immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in both murine models and humans. Mechanistically, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) directly binds and degrades Bambi transcripts in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent (m6A-dependent) manner, and this relies on NF-κB signaling. BAMBI suppresses the tumor-infiltrating capacity and suppression function of MDSCs via inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Adeno-associated viral delivery of Bambi (AAV-Bambi) to the tumor microenvironment boosts the antitumor effects of radiotherapy and radioimmunotherapy combinations. Intriguingly, combination of AAV-Bambi and IR not only improves local tumor control, but also suppresses distant metastasis, further supporting its clinical translation potential. Our findings uncover a surprising role of BAMBI in myeloid cells, unveiling a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming extrinsic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andras Piffko
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xingchen Ding
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jason Bugno
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics and
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaai Wang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hua Laura Liang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Pan B, Wang Z, Yao Y, Ke X, Shen S, Chen W, Zhang X, Qiu J, Wu X, Tang N. TGF-β-p-STAT1-LAIR2 axis has a "self-rescue" role for exhausted CD8 + T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1625-1644. [PMID: 37223874 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β is related to the function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the characteristics of TGF-β affecting the function of CD8+ T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been clearly resolved. METHODS In this study, flow cytometry, mass cytometry, immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to study the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of TGF-β on HCC infiltrating CD8+ T cells. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that the overall effect of TGF-β on CD8+ T cells in HCC was to activate p-p38 to induce exhaustion, but it also initiated cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms: 1) TGF-β upregulated the levels of p-STAT1 (S727) and promoted LAIR2 secretion; 2) the TGF-β-p-STAT1-LAIR2 axis relieved CD8+ T cells from exhaustion, which we called "self-rescue"; 3) this "self-rescue" behavior showed time and dose limitations on TGF-β stimulation, which was easily masked by stronger inhibitory signals; 4) the function of CD8+ T cells was improved by using TAK-981 to amplify "self-rescue" signal. CONCLUSION Our study describes a "self-rescue" mechanism of CD8+ T cells in HCC against exhaustion and the good effects from amplifying this signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglun Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zengbin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoling Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Shuling Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jiacheng Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Nanhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Cancer Center of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Guerra C, Kalaitsidou M, Kueberuwa G, Hawkins R, Edmondson R. Engineering strategies to optimise adoptive cell therapy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102632. [PMID: 37837788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is amongst the ten most common cancer types in women, and it is one of the leading causes of death. Despite the promising results of targeted therapies, including anti-angiogenic agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), the majority of patients will relapse and develop treatment resistance, implying that novel therapeutic strategies are required. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) refers to the process by which autologous immune cells are used to eliminate cancer. Examples include tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cells genetically engineered with T cell receptors (TCR), or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. Recently, ACT has revealed promising results in the treatment of haematological malignancies, however, its application to solid tumours is still limited due to lack of functionality and persistence of T cells, prevalence of an exhausted phenotype and impaired trafficking towards the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we explore the potential of ACT for the treatment of ovarian cancer and strategies to overcome its principal limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerra
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Milena Kalaitsidou
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Gray Kueberuwa
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert Hawkins
- InstilBio UK, 48 Grafton St, Manchester M13 9XX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Edmondson
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Cho BC, Lee JS, Wu YL, Cicin I, Dols MC, Ahn MJ, Cuppens K, Veillon R, Nadal E, Dias JM, Martin C, Reck M, Garon EB, Felip E, Paz-Ares L, Mornex F, Vokes EE, Adjei AA, Robinson C, Sato M, Vugmeyster Y, Machl A, Audhuy F, Chaudhary S, Barlesi F. Bintrafusp Alfa Versus Pembrolizumab in Patients With Treatment-Naive, Programmed Death-Ligand 1-High Advanced NSCLC: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1731-1742. [PMID: 37597750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGF-βRII (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has exhibited clinical activity in a phase 1 expansion cohort of patients with PD-L1-high advanced NSCLC. METHODS This adaptive phase 3 trial (NCT03631706) compared the efficacy and safety of bintrafusp alfa versus pembrolizumab as first-line treatment in patients with PD-L1-high advanced NSCLC. Primary end points were progression-free survival according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 per independent review committee and overall survival. RESULTS Patients (N = 304) were randomized one-to-one to receive either bintrafusp alfa or pembrolizumab (n = 152 each). The median follow-up was 14.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.1-16.0 mo) for bintrafusp alfa and 14.5 months (95% CI: 13.1-15.9 mo) for pembrolizumab. Progression-free survival by independent review committee was not significantly different between bintrafusp alfa and pembrolizumab arms (median = 7.0 mo [95% CI: 4.2 mo-not reached (NR)] versus 11.1 mo [95% CI: 8.1 mo-NR]; hazard ratio = 1.232 [95% CI: 0.885-1.714]). The median overall survival was 21.1 months (95% CI: 21.1 mo-NR) for bintrafusp alfa and 22.1 months (95% CI: 20.4 mo-NR) for pembrolizumab (hazard ratio = 1.201 [95% CI: 0.796-1.811]). Treatment-related adverse events were higher with bintrafusp alfa versus pembrolizumab; grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 42.4% versus 13.2% of patients, respectively. The study was discontinued at an interim analysis as it was unlikely to meet the primary end point. CONCLUSIONS First-line treatment with bintrafusp alfa did not exhibit superior efficacy compared with pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1-high, advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Cicin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Manuel Cobo Dols
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristof Cuppens
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rémi Veillon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Bordeaux, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Clinical Research in Solid Tumors Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Edward B Garon
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Unit, Universidad Complutense and CiberOnc, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Everett E Vokes
- University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Masashi Sato
- Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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48
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Bodriagova O, Previs RA, Gaba L, Shankar A, Vidal L, Saini KS. Recent Advances in Gynecological Malignancies: Focus on ASCO 2023. Oncol Ther 2023; 11:397-409. [PMID: 37715082 PMCID: PMC10673792 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-023-00244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Ann Previs
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
- Labcorp Oncology, Durham, USA
| | - Lydia Gaba
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Vidal
- Fortrea Inc., 8, Moore Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kamal S Saini
- Fortrea Inc., 8, Moore Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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49
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Castelo-Soccio L, Kim H, Gadina M, Schwartzberg PL, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ. Protein kinases: drug targets for immunological disorders. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:787-806. [PMID: 37188939 PMCID: PMC10184645 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases play a major role in cellular activation processes, including signal transduction by diverse immunoreceptors. Given their roles in cell growth and death and in the production of inflammatory mediators, targeting kinases has proven to be an effective treatment strategy, initially as anticancer therapies, but shortly thereafter in immune-mediated diseases. Herein, we provide an overview of the status of small molecule inhibitors specifically generated to target protein kinases relevant to immune cell function, with an emphasis on those approved for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. The development of inhibitors of Janus kinases that target cytokine receptor signalling has been a particularly active area, with Janus kinase inhibitors being approved for the treatment of multiple autoimmune and allergic diseases as well as COVID-19. In addition, TEC family kinase inhibitors (including Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors) targeting antigen receptor signalling have been approved for haematological malignancies and graft versus host disease. This experience provides multiple important lessons regarding the importance (or not) of selectivity and the limits to which genetic information informs efficacy and safety. Many new agents are being generated, along with new approaches for targeting kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Juvenile Myositis Pathogenesis and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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50
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Miley DR, Andrews-Pfannkoch CM, Pulido JS, Erickson SA, Vile RG, Fautsch MP, Marmorstein AD, Dalvin LA. Direct early growth response-1 knockdown decreases melanoma viability independent of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-related kinase inhibition. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:482-491. [PMID: 37650708 PMCID: PMC10615778 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate downstream molecular changes caused by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor treatment and further explore the impact of direct knockdown of early growth response-1 ( EGR1 ) in melanoma cell culture. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to determine gene expression changes with MEK inhibitor treatment. Treatment with MEK inhibitor (trametinib) was then assessed in two cutaneous (MEL888, MEL624) and one conjunctival (YUARGE 13-3064) melanoma cell line. Direct knockdown of EGR1 was accomplished using lentiviral vectors containing shRNA. Cell viability was measured using PrestoBlueHS Cell Viability Reagent. Total RNA and protein were assessed by qPCR and SimpleWestern. RNA-Seq demonstrated a profound reduction in EGR1 with MEK inhibitor treatment, prompting further study of melanoma cell lines. Following trametinib treatment of melanoma cells, viability was reduced in both cutaneous (MEL888 26%, P < 0.01; MEL624 27%, P < 0.001) and conjunctival (YUARGE 13-3064 33%, P < 0.01) melanoma compared with DMSO control, with confirmed EGR1 knockdown to 0.04-, 0.01-, and 0.16-fold DMSO-treated levels (all P < 0.05) in MEL888, MEL624, and YUARGE 13-3064, respectively. Targeted EGR1 knockdown using shRNA reduced viability in both cutaneous (MEL624 78%, P = 0.05) and conjunctival melanoma (YUARGE-13-3064 67%, P = 0.02). RNA-Sequencing in MEK inhibitor-treated cells identified EGR1 as a candidate effector molecule of interest. In a malignant melanoma cell population, MEK inhibition reduced viability in both cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma with a profound downstream reduction in EGR1 expression. Targeted knockdown of EGR1 reduced both cutaneous and conjunctival melanoma cell viability independent of MEK inhibition, suggesting a key role for EGR1 in melanoma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Miley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren A Dalvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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