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Ma Y, Chen S, Dai G. Exploring prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2376429. [PMID: 39041377 PMCID: PMC11268236 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2376429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, led by programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, has emerged as a prominent antitumor therapy, yet prognostic challenges persist in pancreatic cancer (PC). This retrospective, single-center study evaluated prognostic factors in advanced PC patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors at the PLA General Hospital's Oncology Department from 2015-2022. With ethics approval by the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army (S2021-228-03), we analyzed 126 patients using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. p < .05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Median overall survival (mOS) and progression-free survival (mPFS) were 12.1 and 4.6 months, respectively. Significant mOS predictors were surgery history (44.2 months vs. 10 months, *p = .022), absence of liver metastases (44.2 months vs. 6.4 months, *p = .034), and baseline CA19-9 ≤ 216.15 U/ml (18.5 months vs. 9.2 months, *p = .049). For mPFS, histologic differentiation (5.5 months vs. 3.2 months, *p = .022) and first-line PD-1 inhibitor use (5.1 months vs. 1.5 months, ***p = .001) were key. Subgroup analyses highlighted early progression in low histologic differentiation and earlier death without surgery. History of surgery, absence of liver metastases, baseline CA19-9 level, and histologic intermediate/high differentiation may predict PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in advanced PC, pending validation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Gao W, Li W, Wang Z, Li Y, Liu M. The Novel Fusion Protein Melittin-MIL-2 Exhibits Strong Antitumor Immune Effect in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell A549. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2024; 18:e13805. [PMID: 39003635 PMCID: PMC11246609 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In previous studies, we developed a novel fusion protein named "melittin-MIL-2" which exhibited more anti-tumor activity. However, it remains unclear whether melittin-MIL-2 possesses antitumor immune effect on lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, the immune effect and mechanism of melittin-MIL-2 inhibiting the growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma will be investigated, in order to provide novel perspectives for the immunotherapy of lung cancer. The results indicated that melittin-MIL-2 promoted T cell proliferation, enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity, and boosted IFN-γ secretion in PBMCs. After melittin-MIL-2 stimulation, perforin expression and LAK/NK-like killing activities of human PBMCs and NK cells were significantly enhanced. Melittin-MIL-2 is capable of hampering the development and proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell A549. ICAM-1 and Fas expression in A549 cells exposed to melittin-MIL-2 rose significantly. The expression levels of TLR8 and VEGF in A549 cells decreased significantly after melittin-MIL-2 stimulation. In vivo, melittin-MIL-2 substantially impeded the growth of lung adenocarcinoma and formed an immune-stimulating microenvironment locally in tumor tissues. In conclusion, the novel fusion protein melittin-MIL-2 exhibits strong anti-tumor immune effect in lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 via activating the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and Fas/FasL pathways to enhance cytolytic activity, upregulating the secretion of IFN-γ and perforin, and boosting LAK/NK-like killing activities. Immuno-effector cells and their secreted cytokines can form immune stimulation microenvironment locally in lung adenocarcinoma Lewis mice tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Wenshuai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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3
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da Silva-Júnior AHP, de Oliveira Silva RC, Gurgel APAD, Barros-Júnior MR, Nascimento KCG, Santos DL, Pena LJ, Lima RDCP, Batista MVDA, Chagas BS, de Freitas AC. Identification and Functional Implications of the E5 Oncogene Polymorphisms of Human Papillomavirus Type 16. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:140. [PMID: 39058182 PMCID: PMC11281449 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection on the cervical epithelium contributes to the progression of cervical cancer. Studies have demonstrated that HPV16 genetic variants may be associated with different risks of developing cervical cancer. However, the E5 oncoprotein of HPV16, which is related to several cellular mechanisms in the initial phases of the infection and thus contributes to carcinogenesis, is still little studied. Here we investigate the HPV16 E5 oncogene variants to assess the effects of different mutations on the biological function of the E5 protein. We detected and analyzed the HPV16 E5 oncogene polymorphisms and their phylogenetic relationships. After that, we proposed a tertiary structure analysis of the protein variants, preferential codon usage, and functional activity of the HPV16 E5 protein. Intra-type variants were grouped in the lineages A and D using in silico analysis. The mutations in E5 were located in the T-cell epitopes region. We therefore analyzed the interference of the HPV16 E5 protein in the NF-kB pathway. Our results showed that the variants HPV16E5_49PE and HPV16E5_85PE did not increase the potential of the pathway activation capacity. This study provides additional knowledge about the mechanisms of dispersion of the HPV16 E5 variants, providing evidence that these variants may be relevant to the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Humberto P. da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Ruany Cristyne de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Ana Pavla A. Diniz Gurgel
- Department of Engineering and Environment, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58033-455, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Marconi Rêgo Barros-Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Kamylla Conceição Gomes Nascimento
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Daffany Luana Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Lindomar J. Pena
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Rita de Cássia Pereira Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Simas Chagas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil; (A.H.P.d.S.-J.); (R.C.d.O.S.); (M.R.B.-J.); (K.C.G.N.); (D.L.S.); (R.d.C.P.L.); (B.S.C.)
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4
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Zhang C, Mo H, Li M, Wang S, Dou X, Zhang X. The effects of postoperative targeted immunotherapy on peripheral blood cytokines and immune cell profile in lung cancer patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1342624. [PMID: 38903721 PMCID: PMC11188683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1342624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Cytokines and cell subsets are important components of the tumor microenvironment. Previous research has revealed that there are differences in cytokines and cell subsets in the peripheral blood of lung cancer (LCA) patients before and after eradication. The purpose of this study is to explore the monitoring value of cytokines and cellular subpopulations as biomarkers in post-immunotherapy monitoring of patients with LCA after surgery. Methods We conducted a case-control study using double-antibody sandwich magnetic microsphere flow cytometry with immunofluorescence technology and fluorescent monoclonal antibody multiparameter flow cytometry to detect differences in peripheral blood cytokines and cell subsets between LCA patients after immunotherapy and healthy controls. Results Our research results show that there are differences in the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α in the peripheral blood of LCA patients (n=70) after immunotherapy compared to the healthy controls (n=55) (P<0.05), and there are differences in 10 cell subgroups including DP T Cells, AT cells, and NLR in the peripheral blood compared to the healthy controls (n=35) (P<0.05). Further analysis revealed significant differences in the detection data of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, CD56dim NK cells, Total B cells, Total NE cells, CD15+M cells, and NLR between LCA deceased patients (n=25) and LCA surviving patients (n=27) during the same period (P<0.05). The continuous monitoring of cytokines and cell subsets is far more valuable than a single-time test, as abnormal fluctuations in the data of cytokines and cell subsets are often associated with poor prognosis. In addition, IL-6 and NLR showed the strongest discriminative ability between postoperative immunotherapy-treated LCA patients and healthy controls, with AUC values of 0.840 and 0.822, respectively. There was a significant association between IFN-γ and distant metastasis in LCA (P<0.05), as well as between CD56dim NK cells and lymph node infiltration (P<0.05). Conclusion This research results support peripheral blood cytokines and cell subsets as biomarkers for monitoring the postoperative immune status and predicting the prognosis of LCA patients after immunotherapy. The continuous monitoring of cytokines and cell subsets is far more valuable than a single-time detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuaiyan Wang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Wang H, Zhu X, Zhao F, Guo P, Li J, Du J, Shan G, Li Y, Li J. Integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data revealed disulfidptosis genes-based molecular subtypes and a prognostic signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2753-2773. [PMID: 38319721 PMCID: PMC10911368 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfidoptosis is an unconventional form of programmed cell death that distinguishes itself from well-established cell death pathways like ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. METHODS Initially, we conducted a single-cell analysis of the GSE131907 dataset from the GEO database to identify disulfidoptosis-related genes (DRGs). We utilized differentially expressed DRGs to classify TCGA samples with an unsupervised clustering algorithm. Prognostic models were built using Cox regression and LASSO regression. RESULTS Two DRG-related clusters (C1 and C2) were identified based on the DEGs from single-cell sequencing data analysis. In comparison to C1, C2 exhibited significantly worse overall prognosis, along with lower expression levels of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) and chemoradiotherapy sensitivity-related genes (CRSGs). Furthermore, C2 displayed a notable enrichment in metabolic pathways and cell cycle-associated mechanisms. C2 was also linked to the development and spread of tumors. We created a prognostic risk model known as the DRG score, which relies on the expression levels of five DRGs. Patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups depending on their DRG score, with the former group being linked to a poorer prognosis and higher TMB score. Moreover, the DRG score displayed significant correlations with CRSGs, ICGs, the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Subsequently, we identified a significant correlation between the DRG score and monocyte macrophages. Additionally, crucial DRGs were additionally validated using qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our new DRG score can predict the immune landscape and prognosis of LUAD, serving as a reference for immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jingfang Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, China
| | - Guoyong Shan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
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Yao P, Liang S, Liu Z, Xu C. A review of natural products targeting tumor immune microenvironments for the treatment of lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343316. [PMID: 38361933 PMCID: PMC10867126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) produces some of the most malignant tumors in the world, with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are critical in tumor development, immune escape, and drug resistance. The TIME is composed of various immune cells, immune cytokines, etc, which are important biological characteristics and determinants of tumor progression and outcomes. In this paper, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products in regulating TIME. We observed that a total of 37 natural compounds have been reported to exert anti-cancer effects by targeting the TIME. In different classes of natural products, terpenoids are the most frequently mentioned compounds. TAMs are one of the most investigated immune cells about therapies with natural products in TIME, with 9 natural products acting through it. 17 natural products exhibit anti-cancer properties in LC by modulating PD-1 and PD-L1 protein activity. These natural products have been extensively evaluated in animal and cellular LC models, but their clinical trials in LC patients are lacking. Based on the current review, we have revealed that the mechanisms of LC can be treated with natural products through TIME intervention, resulting in a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Su Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Xu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), Jinan, China
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Palermo B, Franzese O, Frisullo G, D'Ambrosio L, Panetta M, Campo G, D'Andrea D, Sperduti I, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Gallina F, Visca P, Facciolo F, Nisticò P. CD28/PD1 co-expression: dual impact on CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue, and its significance in NSCLC patients' survival and ICB response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:287. [PMID: 37898752 PMCID: PMC10612243 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly prolonged survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, although most patients develop mechanisms of resistance. Recently single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) revealed a huge T-cell phenotypic and (dys)functional state variability. Accordingly, T-cell exhaustion is recognized as a functional adaptation, with a dynamic progression from a long-lived "pre-exhausted stem-like progenitor" to a "terminally exhausted" state. In this scenario it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between co-stimulatory and inhibitory molecules in CD8+ T-cell functionality. METHODS To gain a baseline landscape of the composition, functional states, and transcriptomic signatures predictive of prognosis, we analyzed CD8+ T-cell subsets characterized by the presence/absence of PD1 and CD28 from periphery, adjacent non-tumor tissue and tumor site of a cohort of treatment-naïve NSCLC patients, by integrated multiparametric flow cytometry, targeted multi-omic scRNA-seq analyses, and computational pipelines. RESULTS Despite the increased PD1 levels, an improved PD1+CD28+ T-cell polyfunctionality was observed with the transition from periphery to tumor site, associated with lack of TIGIT, TIM-3 and LAG-3, but not with Ag-experienced-marker CD11a. Differently from CD28+ T cells, the increased PD1 levels in the tumor were associated with reduced functionality in PD1+CD28- T cells. CD11ahigh, although expressed only in a small fraction of this subset, still sustained its functionality. Absence of TIGIT, TIM-3 and CTLA-4, alone or combined, was beneficial to CD28- T cells. Notably, we observed distinct TRM phenotypes in the different districts, with CD28+ T cells more capable of producing TGFβ in the periphery, potentially contributing to elevated CD103 levels. In contrast CD28- TRM mainly produced CXCL13 within the tumor. ScRNA-seq revealed 5 different clusters for each of the two subsets, with distinctive transcriptional profiles in the three districts. By interrogating the TCGA dataset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and metastatic NSCLC treated with atezolizumab, we found signatures of heterogeneous TRM and "pre-exhausted" long-lived effector memory CD8+ T cells associated with improved response to ICB only in the presence of CD28. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify signatures able to stratify survival of LUAD patients and predict ICB response in advanced NSCLC. CD28 is advocated as a key determinant in the signatures identified, in both periphery and tumor site, thus likely providing feasible biomarkers of ICB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panetta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Campo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics and Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Gallina
- Thoracic-Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- Thoracic-Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Huang J, Zhang J, Zhang F, Lu S, Guo S, Shi R, Zhai Y, Gao Y, Tao X, Jin Z, You L, Wu J. Identification of a disulfidptosis-related genes signature for prognostic implication in lung adenocarcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107402. [PMID: 37657358 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Additionally, disulfidptosis, a newly discovered type of cell death, has been found to be closely associated with the onset and progression of tumors. METHODS The study first identified genes related to disulfidptosis through correlation analysis. These genes were then screened using univariate cox regression and LASSO regression, and a prognostic model was constructed through multivariate cox regression. A nomogram was also created to predict the prognosis of LUAD. The model was validated in three independent data sets: GSE72094, GSE31210, and GSE37745. Next, patients were grouped based on their median risk score, and differentially expressed genes between the two groups were analyzed. Enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and drug sensitivity evaluation were also conducted. RESULTS In this study, we examined 21 genes related to disulfidptosis and developed a gene signature that was found to be associated with a poorer prognosis in LUAD. Our model was validated using three independent datasets and showed AUC values greater than 0.5 at 1, 3, and 5 years. Enrichment analysis revealed that the disulfidptosis-related genes signature had a multifaceted impact on LUAD, particularly in relation to tumor development, proliferation, and metastasis. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited higher tumor purity and lower stromal score, ESTIMATE score, and Immune score. CONCLUSION This study constructed a gene signature related to disulfidptosis in lung adenocarcinoma and analyzed its impact on the disease and its association with the tumor microenvironment. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the understanding of lung adenocarcinoma and could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiyan Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengsen Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Leiming You
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Hassani H, Avazzadeh Z, Agarwal P, Mehrabi S, Ebadi MJ, Dahaghin MS, Naraghirad E. A study on fractional tumor-immune interaction model related to lung cancer via generalized Laguerre polynomials. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37605131 PMCID: PMC10440950 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, a complex and deadly health concern today, is characterized by forming potentially malignant tumors or cancer cells. The dynamic interaction between these cells and their environment is crucial to the disease. Mathematical models can enhance our understanding of these interactions, helping us predict disease progression and treatment strategies. METHODS In this study, we develop a fractional tumor-immune interaction model specifically for lung cancer (FTIIM-LC). We present some definitions and significant results related to the Caputo operator. We employ the generalized Laguerre polynomials (GLPs) method to find the optimal solution for the FTIIM-LC model. We then conduct a numerical simulation and compare the results of our method with other techniques and real-world data. RESULTS We propose a FTIIM-LC model in this paper. The approximate solution for the proposed model is derived using a series of expansions in a new set of polynomials, the GLPs. To streamline the process, we integrate Lagrange multipliers, GLPs, and operational matrices of fractional and ordinary derivatives. We conduct a numerical simulation to study the effects of varying fractional orders and achieve the expected theoretical results. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrate that the optimization methods used can effectively predict and analyze complex phenomena. This innovative approach can also be applied to other nonlinear differential equations, such as the fractional Klein-Gordon equation, fractional diffusion-wave equation, breast cancer model, and fractional optimal control problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hassani
- Department of Mathematics, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur, 303012, India
| | - Zakieh Avazzadeh
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Praveen Agarwal
- Department of Mathematics, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur, 303012, India
| | - Samrad Mehrabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - M J Ebadi
- Department of Mathematics, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
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10
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Wu M, Wu Z, Yan J, Zeng J, Kuang J, Zhong C, Zhu X, Mo Y, Guo Q, Li D, Tan J, Zhang T, Zhang J. Integrated analysis of single-cell and Bulk RNA sequencing reveals a malignancy-related signature in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1198746. [PMID: 37427142 PMCID: PMC10327591 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1198746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histotype of lung cancer, may have variable prognosis due to molecular variations. The research strived to establish a prognostic model based on malignancy-related risk score (MRRS) in LUAD. Methods We applied the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from Tumor Immune Single Cell Hub database to recognize malignancy-related geneset. Meanwhile, we extracted RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The GSE68465 and GSE72094 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were downloaded to validate the prognostic signature. Random survival forest analysis screened MRRS with prognostic significance. Multivariate Cox analysis was leveraged to establish the MRRS. Furthermore, the biological functions, gene mutations, and immune landscape were investigated to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the malignancy-related signature. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to explore the expression profile of MRRS-constructed genes in LUAD cells. Results The scRNA-seq analysis revealed the markers genes of malignant celltype. The MRRS composed of 7 malignancy-related genes was constructed for each patient, which was shown to be an independent prognostic factor. The results of the GSE68465 and GSE72094 datasets validated MRRS's prognostic value. Further analysis demonstrated that MRRS was involved in oncogenic pathways, genetic mutations, and immune functions. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion Our research recognized a novel malignancy-related signature for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients and highlighted a promising prognostic and treatment marker for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Kuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenghua Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijun Mo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanwei Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Sánchez-Magraner L, Gumuzio J, Miles J, Quimi N, Martínez del Prado P, Abad-Villar MT, Pikabea F, Ortega L, Etxezarraga C, Martín-Algarra S, Lozano MD, Saiz-Camin M, Egurrola-Izquierdo M, Barredo-Santamaría I, Saiz-López A, Gomez-Mediavilla J, Segues-Merino N, Juaristi-Abaunz MA, Urruticoechea A, Geraedts EJ, van Elst K, Claessens NJ, Italiano A, Applebee CJ, del Castillo S, Evans C, Aguirre F, Parker PJ, Calleja V. Functional Engagement of the PD-1/PD-L1 Complex But Not PD-L1 Expression Is Highly Predictive of Patient Response to Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2561-2570. [PMID: 36821809 PMCID: PMC10414696 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In many cancers, the expression of immunomodulatory ligands leads to immunoevasion, as exemplified by the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Profound advances in cancer treatments have come with the advent of immunotherapies directed at blocking these immuno-suppressive ligand-receptor interactions. However, although there has been success in the use of these immune checkpoint interventions, correct patient stratification for these therapies has been challenging. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this issue of patient stratification, we have quantified the intercellular PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma, using a high-throughput automated quantitative imaging platform (quantitative functional proteomics [QF-Pro]). RESULTS The multisite blinded analysis across a cohort of 188 immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients demonstrated the intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint engagement and notably showed no correlation between the extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and PD-L1 expression. Importantly, PD-L1 expression scores used clinically to stratify patients correlated poorly with overall survival; by contrast, patients showing a high PD-1/PD-L1 interaction had significantly better responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatments, as evidenced by increased overall survival. This relationship was particularly strong in the setting of first-line treatments. CONCLUSION The functional readout of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as a predictive biomarker for the stratification of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma, combined with PD-L1 expression, should significantly improve the response rates to immunotherapy. This would both capture patients excluded from checkpoint immunotherapy (high PD-1/PD-L1 interaction but low PD-L1 expression, 24% of patients) and additionally avoid treating patients who despite their high PD-L1 expression do not respond and suffer from side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Gumuzio
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James Miles
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicole Quimi
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erica J. Geraedts
- Department of pulmonology, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Elst
- Department of pulmonology, Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma, Institut Bergonié, Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sandra del Castillo
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Charles Evans
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguirre
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Peter J. Parker
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciencess, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Calleja
- HAWK Biosystems (formerly known as FASTBASE Solutions S.L.), Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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12
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Chen R, Wang Z, Lu T, Liu Y, Ji Y, Yu Y, Tou F, Guo S. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignant phenotype: A promising therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:893-912. [PMID: 36825773 PMCID: PMC10067360 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB) family is involved in the cell cycle process as mitotic checkpoint components. Abnormal proliferation is a vital process in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Nevertheless, the roles of BUB1 in LUAD remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value and biological functions of BUB1 in LUAD using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), clinical LUAD samples, and in vitro experiments. METHODS The expression, prognostic significance, functions, immune infiltration, and methylation of BUB1 in LUAD were comprehensively analyzed using TCGA, GEO, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Metascape, cBioPortal, MethSurv, and cancerSEA databases. Furthermore, we performed a battery of in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to verify the bioinformatics results. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that BUB1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 1.499, p = 0.013). Functional enrichment analysis showed that BUB1 was correlated with cell cycle, proliferation, DNA repair, DNA damage, and invasion (p < 0.05). Finally, in vitro experiments showed that downregulation of BUB1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells and promoted LUAD cell apoptosis. IHC also showed that BUB1 was overexpressed in LUAD (p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our bioinformatics and IHC analyses revealed that BUB1 overexpression was an adverse prognostic factor in LUAD. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BUB1 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in LUAD. These results indicated that BUB1 was a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Tianzhu Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yulong Ji
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yilin Yu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Tou
- Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Shanxian Guo
- Graduate School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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13
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Medical Images Segmentation for Lung Cancer Diagnosis Based on Deep Learning Architectures. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030546. [PMID: 36766655 PMCID: PMC9914913 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer presents one of the leading causes of mortalities for people around the world. Lung image analysis and segmentation are one of the primary steps used for early diagnosis of cancer. Handcrafted medical imaging segmentation presents a very time-consuming task for radiation oncologists. To address this problem, we propose in this work to develop a full and entire system used for early diagnosis of lung cancer in CT scan imaging. The proposed lung cancer diagnosis system is composed of two main parts: the first part is used for segmentation developed on top of the UNETR network, and the second part is a classification part used to classify the output segmentation part, either benign or malignant, developed on top of the self-supervised network. The proposed system presents a powerful tool for early diagnosing and combatting lung cancer using 3D-input CT scan data. Extensive experiments have been performed to contribute to better segmentation and classification results. Training and testing experiments have been performed using the Decathlon dataset. Experimental results have been conducted to new state-of-the-art performances: segmentation accuracy of 97.83%, and 98.77% as classification accuracy. The proposed system presents a new powerful tool to use for early diagnosing and combatting lung cancer using 3D-input CT scan data.
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14
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Miquelotti LB, Sari MHM, Ferreira LM. Immunotherapy in Cancer Management: A Literature Review of Clinical Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:88-95. [PMID: 36721805 PMCID: PMC9871265 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer is a global public health problem that affects millions of people every year and the immunotherapy has been a promising alternative for its treatment. The aim of this study was to gather data concerning the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emphasizing pembrolizumb, a humanized antibody. This study also reports the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatments, contemplating the anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-L1 and anti PD-1 action in lymphocyte T cells. Methods: A bibliographic review was performed using Pubmed, SCIELO and SCOPUS databases, screening the scientific studies published within the last 5 years. Results: Seven clinical trials were selected to discuss the benefits of pembrolizumab as NSCLC therapy in untreated and previously treated patients, considering or not the tumor proportion score (TPS). It was found that NSCLC occurs with great frequency in Brazil and worldwide, presenting a poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis in most cases. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for NSCLC because its benefits overcome its risks compared to other therapies. Besides, the studies evidenced the efficiency of pembrolizumab as monotherapy or in association whit chemotherapy, in the first or second line of treatment and, additionally, patient's whit TPS ≥ 50% seem to have a greater benefit from the treatment. Conclusion: The data collected herein showed that pembrolizumab is a very promising, effective, and safe treatment option against NSCLC. Lastly, it is important to highlight the relevance of review's studies, since they are easy-to-read materials, collecting relevant information on a subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Biscaglia Miquelotti
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Corresponding Author: Luana Mota Ferreira, Tel: (55) 9 96385657,
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15
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Li Q, Tang Y, Wang T, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Shi J. Novel immunogenic cell death-related risk signature to predict prognosis and immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:307-323. [PMID: 36575346 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death (RCD) which was discovered to activate adaptive immunity. To date, the effect of ICD on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this research, we will study the role of ICD-related genes (ICDG) in LUAD. METHODS RNA sequencing and clinical data were gathered from TCGA-LUAD cohorts and GEO database. Using unsupervised cluster analysis, three clusters were identified with distinctive immune characteristics and significant overall survival based on 18 ICDG. Using LASSO Cox regression, three genes were identified and used to construct the prognosis signature. The association between the 3-ICDG risk signature and immune microenvironment analysis, somatic mutation, and enriched molecular pathways was investigated. RESULTS Consensus clustering separated the LUAD samples into three clusters (ICDcluster A, B and C), and ICDcluster B had the best prognosis. Different TME cell infiltration characteristics and biological behavior were found in three ICD clusters. Prognostic risk model was contrasted based on the 3 best prognostic ICD-related genes. Subsequently, vitro experiments verified the above analysis results. The high-risk group showed a poor prognosis and enrichment of cancer promoting signal pathway. Multivariate analysis indicated that this 3-ICDG prognostic model might be an accurate prediction parameter for LUAD. Moreover, conducting immune related analysis, we found that the 3-ICDG risk signature was characterized by an immune-active subtype on account of the high infiltration of immune-active cells. CONCLUSION This study expands our cognition of ICD in LUAD microenvironment, excavated prognostic biomarkers, and provided potential value for guiding immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Li
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijie Tang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youlang Zhou
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Zeng J, Wu Z, Luo M, Xu X, Bai W, Xie G, Chen Q, Liang D, Xu Z, Chen M, Xie J. Development and validation of an endoplasmic reticulum stress long non-coding RNA signature for the prognosis and immune landscape prediction of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1024444. [PMID: 36891153 PMCID: PMC9986451 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1024444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histotype of lung cancer, may have variable prognosis due to molecular variations. This work investigated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) to predict the prognosis and immune landscape for LUAD patients. Methods: RNA data and clinical data from 497 LUAD patients were collected in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Pearson correlation analysis, univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses, as well as the Kaplan-Meier method, were used to screen for ERS-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis. The risk score model was developed using multivariate Cox analysis to separate patients into high- and low-risk groups and a nomogram was constructed and evaluated. Finally, we explore the potential functions and compared the immune landscapes of two groups. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to verify the expression of these lncRNAs. Results: Five ERS-related lncRNAs were shown to be strongly linked to patients' prognosis. A risk score model was built by using these lncRNAs to categorize patients based on their median risk scores. For LUAD patients, the model was found to be an independent prognostic predictor (p < 0.001). The signature and clinical variables were then used to construct a nomogram. With 3-year and 5-year OS' AUC of 0.725 and 0.740, respectively, the nomogram's prediction performance is excellent. The 5-lncRNA signature was associated with DNA replication, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the pathway of cell cycle, P53 signaling. Between the two risk groups, immune responses, immune cells, and immunological checkpoints were found to be considerably different. Conclusion: Overall, our findings indicate that the 5 ERS-related lncRNA signature was an excellent prognostic indicator and helped to predict the immunotherapy response for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Meijuan Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijing Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quhai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dengfeng Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mindong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Lei F, Cai J, Lyu R, Shen H, Xu Y, Wang J, Shuai Y, Xu Z, Mao C, Yang M. Efficient Tumor Immunotherapy through a Single Injection of Injectable Antigen/Adjuvant-Loaded Macroporous Silk Fibroin Microspheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42950-42962. [PMID: 36112417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic or natural materials have been used as vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. However, using them as vaccines necessitates multiple injections or surgical implantations. To tackle such daunting challenges, we develop an injectable macroporous Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk fibroin (SF) microsphere loaded with antigens and immune adjuvants to suppress established tumors with only a single injection. SF microspheres can serve as a scaffold by injection and avoid surgical injury as seen in traditional scaffold vaccines. The macroporous structure of the vaccine facilitates the recruitment of immune cells and promotes the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in a favorable immune microenvironment that further induces strong humoral and cellular immunity. We have also modified the vaccine into a booster version by simply allowing the antigens to be adsorbed onto the SF microspheres. The booster vaccine highly efficiently suppresses tumor growth by improving the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. In general, these results demonstrate that the macroporous SF microspheres can serve as a facile platform for tumor vaccine therapy in the future. Since the SF microspheres are also potential scaffolds for tissue regeneration, their use as a vaccine platform will enable their applications in eradicating tumors while regenerating healthy tissue to heal the tumor-site cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jiangfeng Cai
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ruyin Lyu
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Shen
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Xu
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Shuai
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zongpu Xu
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Zhao W, Liu L, Li X, Xu S. EphA10 drives tumor progression and immune evasion by regulating the MAPK/ERK cascade in lung adenocarcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109031. [PMID: 35839564 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Lung adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological type among patients with lung cancer. Ephrin receptor A10 (EphA10), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, has been reported to participate in tumor progression, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and real-time PCR were employed to determine the expression of EphA10 in clinical LUAD samples. EphA10 silencing or overexpression in LUAD cells was achieved by transduction of lentivirus. The effects of EphA10 on LUAD cells were evaluated by CCK-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, Transwell, and Western blot. The in vivo tumor growth was assessed in the xenograft mice model. Results EphA10 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues. Higher EphA10 expression was observed in the tissues at the advanced tumor stage and was positively correlated with the EGFR. Mechanistically, silencing of EphA10 suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of LUAD cells. Additionally, EphA10 knockdown significantly reduced the PD-L1 expression in LUAD cells and enhanced NK cell-mediated anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, EphA10 activated the MAPK/ERK pathway, and U0126, an inhibitor of MEK, markedly reversed the promoting impacts of EphA10 overexpression on LUAD cells. Consistently, results from subcutaneous tumor xenografts in nude mice confirmed that EphA10 knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions This work demonstrates that EphA10 drives tumor progression and immune evasion by regulating the MAPK/ERK cascade in LUAD, implying that EphA10 has the potential to be a therapeutic target in treating LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Fan T, Pan S, Yang S, Hao B, Zhang L, Li D, Geng Q. Clinical Significance and Immunologic Landscape of a Five-IL(R)-Based Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693062. [PMID: 34497605 PMCID: PMC8419226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) and interleukin receptors (ILRs) play important role in the antitumor immune response. However, the expression signature and clinical characteristics of the IL(R) family in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The main purpose of this study was to explore the expression profile of IL(R) family genes and construct an IL(R)-based prognostic signature in LUAD. Five public datasets of 1,312 patients with LUAD were enrolled in this study. Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as the training set, and samples from the other four cohorts extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as the validation set. Additionally, the profile of IL(R) family signature was explored, and the association between this signature and immunotherapy response was also analyzed. Meanwhile, the prognostic value was compared between this IL(R)-based signature and different immunotherapy markers. A signature based on five identified IL(R)s (IL7R, IL5RA, IL20RB, IL11, IL22RA1) was constructed using the TCGA dataset through univariate/multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis. These cases with LUAD were stratified into high- and low-risk group according to the risk score. This signature showed a strong prognostic ability, which was verified by the five independent cohorts and clinical subtypes. The IL(R)-based models presented unique characteristics in terms of immune cell infiltration and immune inflammation profile in tumor microenvironment (TME). Biological pathway analysis confirmed that high-risk patients showed significant T- and B-cell immunosuppression and rapid tumor cell proliferation. More importantly, we researched the relationship between this IL(R)-based signature and immune checkpoints, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor purity and ploidy, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, which confirmed that this signature gave the best prognostic value. We first provided a robust prognostic IL(R)-based signature, which had the potential as a predictor for immunotherapy response to realize individualized treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Liu X, Li KW, Yang R, Geng LS. Review of Deep Learning Based Automatic Segmentation for Lung Cancer Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:717039. [PMID: 34336704 PMCID: PMC8323481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.717039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality for males and females. Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the primary treatment modalities for lung cancer. While delivering the prescribed dose to tumor targets, it is essential to spare the tissues near the targets-the so-called organs-at-risk (OARs). An optimal RT planning benefits from the accurate segmentation of the gross tumor volume and surrounding OARs. Manual segmentation is a time-consuming and tedious task for radiation oncologists. Therefore, it is crucial to develop automatic image segmentation to relieve radiation oncologists of the tedious contouring work. Currently, the atlas-based automatic segmentation technique is commonly used in clinical routines. However, this technique depends heavily on the similarity between the atlas and the image segmented. With significant advances made in computer vision, deep learning as a part of artificial intelligence attracts increasing attention in medical image automatic segmentation. In this article, we reviewed deep learning based automatic segmentation techniques related to lung cancer and compared them with the atlas-based automatic segmentation technique. At present, the auto-segmentation of OARs with relatively large volume such as lung and heart etc. outperforms the organs with small volume such as esophagus. The average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of lung, heart and liver are over 0.9, and the best DSC of spinal cord reaches 0.9. However, the DSC of esophagus ranges between 0.71 and 0.87 with a ragged performance. In terms of the gross tumor volume, the average DSC is below 0.8. Although deep learning based automatic segmentation techniques indicate significant superiority in many aspects compared to manual segmentation, various issues still need to be solved. We discussed the potential issues in deep learning based automatic segmentation including low contrast, dataset size, consensus guidelines, and network design. Clinical limitations and future research directions of deep learning based automatic segmentation were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Wen Li
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sheng Geng
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as a stand-alone and in combination therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103417. [PMID: 34242772 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of major concern for society as it is associated with high mortality and is one of the most commonly occurring of all cancers. Due to the number of mutational variants and general heterogeneity of this type of cancer, treatment using conventional modalities has been challenging. Therefore, it is important to have improved therapeutic treatments like immunotherapy, that can specifically treat the disease while causing minimal damage to healthy tissue and additionally provide systemic immunity. Cancer vaccines are an important element of cancer immunotherapy and have been approved for treatment of a limited number of cancers, including NSCLC. This article highlights scientific evidence for several therapeutic treatment strategies for NSCLC, alone or in combination, which offers new hope for those suffering. Although cancer vaccines have had some success as a monotherapy, their potential in a combination therapy needs to be critically analyzed for future applications.
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22
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Zahran AM, Hetta HF, Zahran ZAM, Rashad A, Rayan A, Mohamed DO, Elhameed ZAA, Khallaf SM, Batiha GES, Waheed Y, Muhammad K, Nafady-Hego H. Prognostic Role of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Relation to Different Hematologic Indices. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3241150. [PMID: 34671684 PMCID: PMC8523286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3241150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
METHODS We recruited 40 cases of advanced NSCLC, stages III and IV, aged > 18-<70 years old, and eligible to receive chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, along with 20 healthy controls of comparable age and sex; after diagnosis and staging of patients, blood samples were collected for flow cytometric detection of Mo-MDSCs. RESULTS Significant accumulation of Mo-MDSCs in patients compared to their controls (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, these cells accumulated significantly in stage IV compared to stage III (p = 0.006) and correlated negatively with overall survival (r = -0.471, p = 0.002), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (r = -0.446, p = 0.004), and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC) (r = -0.464, p = 0.003), patients with Mo-MDSCs < 13% had significantly better survival than those with Mo-MDSCs ≥ 13% (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Mo-MDSCs represent one of the key mechanisms in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to play major roles not only in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer but also in disease progression and prognosis and, in addition, predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; our results provided some support to target Mo-MDSCs and needed to be augmented by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- 1Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Rashad
- 4Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- 5Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Dalia O. Mohamed
- 6Radiation Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Salah M. Khallaf
- 7Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- 8Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City, Egypt
| | - Yasir Waheed
- 9Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- 10Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Hanaa Nafady-Hego
- 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Silva RCDO, da Silva Júnior AHP, Gurgel APAD, Barros Junior MR, Santos DL, de Lima RDCP, Batista MVA, Pena LJ, Chagas BS, Freitas AC. Structural and functional impacts of E5 genetic variants of human papillomavirus type 31. Virus Res 2020; 290:198143. [PMID: 32871208 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infections caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are important, for the development of cervical lesions, but environmental and genetic factors are also related in the process of carcinogenesis. Among the genetic factors, the genetic variants of HR-HPV appear to be related to the risk of persistent infections. Therefore, the present study investigates variants of HPV31 E5 oncogene in cervical scraping samples from Brazilian women to assess their functional and structural effects, in order to identify possible repercussions of these variants on the infectious and carcinogenic process. Our results detected nucleotide changes previously described in the HPV31 E5 oncogene, which may play a critical role in the development of cancer due to its ability to promote cell proliferation and signal transmission. In our study, the interaction percentage of the 31E5 sequence generated by the Immune Epitope Server database and the Analysis Resource (IEDB) allowed us to include possible immunogenic epitopes with the MHC-I and MHC-II molecules, which may represent a possible relationship between protein suppression of the immune system. In the structural analysis of the HPV31 E5 oncoprotein, the N5D, I48 V, P56A, F80I and V64I polymorphisms can be found inserted within transmembrane regions. The P56A mutation has been predicted to be highly stabilizing and, therefore, can cause a change in protein function. Regarding the interaction of the E5 protein from HPV31 with the signaling of NF-kB pathway, we observed that in all variants of the E5 gene from HPV-31, the activity of the NF-kB pathway was increased compared to the prototype. Our study contributes to a more refined design of studies with the E5 gene from HPV31 and provides important data for a better understanding of how variants can be distinguished under their clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruany C de O Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana P A D Gurgel
- Department of Engineering and Environment, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marconi R Barros Junior
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daffany L Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rita de C P de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcus V A Batista
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (GMBio), Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lindomar J Pena
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Research Center Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bárbara S Chagas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Kiuchi T, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Imagawa M, Iwasaki S, Suzuki A, Otsuka N, Ohhara Y, Kinoshita I, Matsuno Y, Dosaka-Akita H, Kasahara M. Expression of the immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:300-306. [PMID: 32943490 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The immunoproteasome is a specific proteasome isoform whose proteolytic activity enhances the generation of antigenic peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to CD8+ T cells. Physiologically, it is expressed abundantly in immune cells and is induced in somatic cells by cytokines, especially interferon-γ. Recently, variable expression of immunoproteasomes has been demonstrated in different types of cancers. However, the clinical significance of immunoproteasome expression in malignant tumours is poorly understood. In this study, we performed clinicopathological evaluation of immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). METHODS Tumour tissues were collected from 155 patients with NSCLCs, and immunohistochemical analysis for β5i was performed in relation to the prognosis of patients. RESULTS High expression of β5i was found in about 20% of all NSCLCs and was found significantly more frequently (40%) in the adenocarcinoma subset. High expression of β5i was associated with a better 5-year relative survival rate in patients with pStage I to II adenocarcinoma and was also a significant and independent favourable prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, when we performed in vitro analysis using NSCLC cell lines, combined treatment with the immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor ONX0914 and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhanced cell death in β5i-expressing NSCLC cell lines. CONCLUSION The expression of immunoproteasome can be explored as both a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLCs. Since immunoproteasomes have crucial role in the antigen presentation, further studies may help to provide essential knowledge for therapeutic strategies in anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kiuchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Imagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sari Iwasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Otsuka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Benites BD, Alvarez MC, Saad STO. Small Particles, Big Effects: The Interplay Between Exosomes and Dendritic Cells in Antitumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1648. [PMID: 31888159 PMCID: PMC6952774 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play a fundamental role in the antitumor immunity cycle, and the loss of their antigen-presenting function is a recognized mechanism of tumor evasion. We have recently demonstrated the effect of exosomes extracted from serum of patients with acute myeloid leukemia as important inducers of dendritic cell immunotolerance, and several other works have recently demonstrated the effects of these nanoparticles on immunity to other tumor types as well. The aim of this review was to highlight the recent findings on the effects of tumor exosomes on dendritic cell functions, the mechanisms by which they can lead to tumor evasion, and their manipulation as a possible strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Deltreggia Benites
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (S.T.O.S.)
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Li W, Yu H. Separating or combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and radiotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:137-152. [PMID: 31813004 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of imaging technology, systemic disease control rate and survival rate, the morbidity of brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been riding on a steady upward trend (40%), but management of BMs from NSCLC remains obscure. Systemic therapy is anticipated to offer novel therapeutic avenues in the management of NSCLC BMs, and radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy have their own advantages. Recently, it was confirmed that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and RT could mutually promote the efficacy in the treatment of BMs from NSCLC. In this paper, we provide a review on current understandings and practices of separating or combining ICIs and RT, which could provide a reference for the coming laboratory and clinical studies and contribute to the development of new approaches in NSCLC BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Radiation Oncology Department of Thoracic cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Aldarouish M, Su X, Qiao J, Gao C, Chen Y, Dai A, Zhang T, Shu Y, Wang C. Immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy on blood lymphocytes and survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419839592. [PMID: 30968711 PMCID: PMC6458672 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419839592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the immune profile of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the immunomodulatory impact of chemotherapy is essential to develop current therapeutic approaches. Herein, we collected peripheral blood from 20 healthy donors and 50 patients with advanced NSCLC, before and after chemotherapy, followed by phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets and assessment of the correlation between their post-chemotherapy levels and progression-free survival (PFS). Results showed that, before chemotherapy, the levels of CD8+ lymphocytes, PD-1+CD4+, Th2, and Th17 cells were elevated in patients’ peripheral blood, in contrast to natural killer (NK) cells and Th1 cells. Besides, there was no remarkable difference in the frequency of PD-1+CD8+ cells between patients and healthy controls. After chemotherapy, the levels of CD8+ lymphocytes, NK, Th2, Th17, and Treg were declined, in contrast to the level of Th1 cells which was markedly increased. Importantly, chemotherapy had no impact on the frequencies of PD-1+CD8+ and PD-1+CD4+ cells. PFS was significantly better in patients with low percentage of PD-1+CD4+ T cells than those with high percentage. Patients with high content of Th1 cells showed longer PFS than those with low content. The low percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were correlated with longer PFS, even though the difference did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, the imbalance of lymphocyte subsets is a hallmark of NSCLC. Furthermore, the high level of PD-1+CD4+ cells plays a crucial role in the progression of NSCLC and could be used as a prognostic marker; and the high level of Th1 could predict better clinical outcomes of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Aldarouish
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Su
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Qiao
- 2 Department of Respiratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Gao
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwei Dai
- 3 Department of Oncology, Kunshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailian Wang
- 1 Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Di Modugno F, Colosi C, Trono P, Antonacci G, Ruocco G, Nisticò P. 3D models in the new era of immune oncology: focus on T cells, CAF and ECM. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:117. [PMID: 30898166 PMCID: PMC6429763 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has changed clinical practice for patients with different cancers, since these agents have demonstrated a significant improvement of overall survival and are effective in many patients. However, an intrinsic or acquired resistance frequently occur and biomarkers predictive of responsiveness should help in patient selection and in defining the adequate treatment options. A deep analysis of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment is likely to further advance the field and hopefully identify more effective combined immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we review the current knowledge on tumor microenvironment, focusing on T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. The use of 3D cell culture models to resemble tumor microenvironment landscape and to screen immunomodulatory drugs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Modugno
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Colosi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Trono
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonacci
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Unit of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Givechian KB, Garner C, Benz S, Song B, Rabizadeh S, Soon-Shiong P. An immunogenic NSCLC microenvironment is associated with favorable survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1840-1849. [PMID: 30956762 PMCID: PMC6442995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of an intricately organized system through which immune cells and cancer cells may communicate to regulate anti-tumor immunogenicity. To this end, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been shown to activate a variety of immunological mechanisms, thereby broadening our understanding of lung cancer immunobiology. However, while recent work has highlighted the importance of NSCLC immunology and prognosis, studies have not yet examined the tumor microenvironment (TME) globally in regards to the survival outcomes between two major NSCLC subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the present study, we identify an immunogenic tumor microenvironment state in NSCLC that is enriched for the lung adenocarcinoma subtype. By utilizing TME cell enrichment scores and RNA-seq expression data, we show that the inflamed TME is associated with favorable patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma, but this does not hold true for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, differentially regulated pathways between immune-inflamed and immune-excluded tumors within LUAD and LUSC were not subtype specific. Instead, immune-inflamed LUSC samples possessed elevated immune checkpoint marker expression when compared to those of the LUAD samples, thereby offering a putative explanation for our prognostic observations. These results shed light on the immunological prognostic effects within lung cancer and may encourage further TME exploration between these two subtypes as the landscape of NSCLC therapy progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad Garner
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Steve Benz
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Bing Song
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Shahrooz Rabizadeh
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
| | - Patrick Soon-Shiong
- NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantHealth, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
- NantBioscience, Inc. NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA
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30
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Criscuolo D, Morra F, Giannella R, Visconti R, Cerrato A, Celetti A. New combinatorial strategies to improve the PARP inhibitors efficacy in the urothelial bladder Cancer treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:91. [PMID: 30791940 PMCID: PMC6385418 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for the treatment of metastatic Urothelial Bladder Cancer. DNA damaging repair (DDR) targeting has been introduced in cinical trials for bladder cancer patients that carry alterations in homologous DNA repair genes, letting to envisage susceptibility to the Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. MAIN BODY PARP inhibition, by amplifying the DNA damage, augments the mutational burden and promotes the immune priming of the tumor by increasing the neoantigen exposure and determining upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Thus, the combination of PARP-inhibition and the PD/PD-L1 targeting may represent a compelling strategy to treat bladder cancer and has been introduced in recent clinical trials. The targeting of DDR has been also used in combination with epigenetic drugs able to modulate the expression of genes involved in DDR, and also able to act as immunomodulator agents suggesting their use in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION In conclusion, it may be envisaged the combination of three classes of drugs to treat bladder cancer, by targeting the DDR process in a tumor context of DDR defect, together with epigenetic agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors, whose association may amplify the effects and reduce the doses and the toxicity of each single drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Criscuolo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Morra
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Visconti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
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31
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Morra F, Merolla F, Criscuolo D, Insabato L, Giannella R, Ilardi G, Cerrato A, Visconti R, Staibano S, Celetti A. CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels suggest novel treatment options in high-grade urothelial bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:90. [PMID: 30786932 PMCID: PMC6381716 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The muscle invasive form of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a deadly disease. Currently, the therapeutic approach of UBC is mostly based on surgery and standard chemotherapy. Biomarkers to establish appropriate drugs usage are missing. Deficiency of the tumor suppressor CCDC6 determines PARP-inhibitor sensitivity. The CCDC6 levels are modulated by the deubiquitinase USP7. In this work we scored CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels in primary UBC and we evaluated the expression levels of CCDC6 in correlation with the effects of the PARP-inhibitors combined with the USP7 inhibitor, P5091, in vitro. Since PARP-inhibitors could be enhanced by conventional chemotherapy or DNA damage inducers, we tested the new agent RRx-001, able to induce DNA damage, to prove the benefit of combined treatments in bladder cancer cells. Methods The J82, T24, 5637 and KU-19-19 bladder cancer cells were exposed to USP7 inhibitor P5091 in presence of cycloheximide to analyse the CCDC6 stability. Upon the CCDC6 degradation induced by P5091, the cells sensitivity to PARP-inhibitor was evaluated by cell viability assays. The ability of the DNA damage inducer RRx-001 to modulate CCDC6 protein levels and H2AX phosphorylation was detected at immunoblot. The combination of USP7 inhibitor plus RRx-001 enhanced the PARP-inhibitor sensitivity, as evaluated by cell viability assays. The results of the scores and correlation of CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels obtained by UBC primary biopsies staining were used to cluster patients by a K-mean cluster analysis. Results P5091 determining CCDC6 degradation promoted bladder cancer cells sensitivity to PARP-inhibitor drugs. RRx-001, by inducing DNA damage, enhanced the effects of the combined treatment. The immunohistochemical staining of both CCDC6 and USP7 proteins allowed to cluster the high grade (G3) UBC patients, on the basis of CCDC6 expression levels. Conclusions In high grade UBC the identification of two clusters of patients based on CCDC6 and USP7 expession can possibly indicate the use of PARP-inhibitor drugs, in combination with USP7 inhibitor in addition to the DNA damage inducer RRx-001, that also acts as an immunomodulatory agent, offering novel therapeutic strategy for personalized medicine in bladder cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1087-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morra
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela Criscuolo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Visconti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, CNR, Naples, Italy.
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32
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Zhang N, Tu J, Wang X, Chu Q. Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 checkpoint inhibitors: differences in mechanism of action. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:429-441. [PMID: 30698054 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors are widely used in many types of solid tumors, and are often considered to be in the same immunotherapy subclass. This review explores whether specific agents in these two categories exhibit differences in their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy and safety. Due to the complicated functional pathways in the immune checkpoint system, the epitopes, interfaces and signal pathways between PD-1: PD-L1/PD-L2, PD-L1/CD28/CTLA-4: B7-1 axes often overlap and affect each other. Therefore, the mechanisms of action of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors reflect the corresponding cross connectivity and their unique characteristics. Only head-to-head comparative studies can provide definitive information regarding clinical efficacy and safety differences between specific PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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33
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Companion and Complementary Diagnostics-Focus on PD-L1 Expression Assays for PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 40:9-16. [PMID: 29084031 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, molecular diagnostics have played an increasing role in drug development. Especially within oncology, more and more drugs are being developed together with a predictive biomarker assay using the drug-diagnostic codevelopment model. Not only do these assays support the development process but also the use of the drugs after regulatory approval as an important treatment decision tool. When these predictive biomarker assays are linked to a specific drug, they are called companion diagnostics. Furthermore, these assays are also considered an important element in the realization of precision medicine. Today, 21 different drugs have obtained US FDA approval together with a companion diagnostic assay, and the requirement for testing is part of their regulatory labeling. More than half of these drugs are for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the approval of the different programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors, for the treatment of advanced stage NSCLC, a new class of predictive biomarker assays-complementary diagnostics-has emerged. Until now, 3 immune checkpoint inhibitors have obtained regulatory approval for treatment of NSCLC, and they all have a biomarker assay linked to their use. However, only for pembrolizumab, the PD-L1 immunohistochemical (IHC) 22C3 pharmDx assay has status as a companion diagnostic. For nivolumab and atezolizumab, the assays PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and Ventana PD-L1 (SP142) have status as complementary diagnostics, which means that there are no requirements for testing included in the labeling for these drugs. Here, the authors discuss the clinical performance of the different IHC PD-L1 expression assays including the selection of the clinical cutoff values.
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34
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Webb ES, Liu P, Baleeiro R, Lemoine NR, Yuan M, Wang Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:317-326. [PMID: 28866656 PMCID: PMC6163118 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years immune checkpoint inhibitors have garnered attention as being one of the most promising types of immunotherapy on the horizon. There has been particular focus on the immune checkpoint molecules, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) which have been shown to have potent immunomodulatory effects through their function as negative regulators of T cell activation. CTLA-4, through engagement with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), plays a pivotal role in attenuating the activation of naïve and memory T cells. In contrast, PD-1 is primarily involved in modulating T cell activity in peripheral tissues via its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2. The discovery of these negative regulators of the immune response was crucial in the development of checkpoint inhibitors. This shifted the focus from developing therapies that targeted activation of the host immune system against cancer to checkpoint inhibitors, which aimed to mediate tumor cell destruction through the removal of coinhibitory signals blocking anti-tumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eika S. Webb
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Peng Liu
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Renato Baleeiro
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- . Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yaohe Wang
- . Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- . Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Zhengzhou University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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35
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Shi B, Li Q, Ma X, Gao Q, Li L, Chu J. High expression of programmed cell death protein 1 on peripheral blood T-cell subsets is associated with poor prognosis in metastatic gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4448-4454. [PMID: 30214579 PMCID: PMC6126159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints in solid tumors serve important roles in metastasis. The present study was designed to explore the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on peripheral blood T-cell subsets and its role in the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. The expression of PD-1 in peripheral blood T-cell subsets was detected in 100 metastatic gastric cancer patients prior to the first line chemotherapy by flow cytometric analysis. The potential associaton between the peripheral blood T-cell subsets PD-1 level and the clinicopathological features of patients with metastatic gastric cancer and the clinical outcomes was analyzed. The percent of high PD-1 expressed cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells was 20.4, 13.0 and 9.4%, respectively in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate of the 100 patients with metastatic gastric cancer was 12.2 and 3.9 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve with long-rank analysis indicated that patients with higher PD-1+/CD3+, PD-1+/CD3+CD4+ and PD-1+/CD3+CD8+ levels had a worse prognosis (all P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that high PD-1+/CD3+ [hazard ratio (HR), 2.145; P=0.015], high PD-1+/CD3+CD4+ (HR, 1.866; P=0.034) and high PD-1+/CD3+CD8+ (HR, 1.817; P=0.033) level in peripheral blood were independent risk factors for predicting the survival time of patients with metastatic gastric cancer. High PD-1+/CD3+, high PD-1+/CD3+CD4+ and high PD-1+/CD3+CD8+ expression conferred a lower overall survival rate in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. These results suggest that high PD-1 expression on peripheral blood T-cell subsets may potentially be novel prognostic biomarker for metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qiujian Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Chu
- Department of Oncology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
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Abstract
Objectives: To determine the factors closely correlated with the unhealthy psychological status of patients with lung cancer and to ascertain whether the unhealthy psychology adversely affects their quality-of-life (QOL). Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer between May 2013 and December 2015 in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were asked to complete the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) survey. From the responses, the correlation between the patient’s psychological status and QOL were analyzed with respect to several variables. Results: From the total of 258 patients subjected to the test, 168 belonged to the unhealthy psychology group and 90 to the healthy psychology group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that significant factors related to poor QOL among the 2 groups are gender (p=0.02), younger age (p=0.001), surgical history (p=0.04), employment status (p=0.03), and medical insurance (p=0.01) significantly predicted the severity of unhealthy psychology in lung cancer patients. A significantly negative correlation was noted between the points of SCL-90 and the general QOL in all included patients (p=0.03). Conclusion: Gender, younger age, surgical history, employment status, and medical insurance significantly predicted the severity of unhealthy psychology in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin 4th Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China. E-mail.
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37
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Zhang H, Chen J. Current status and future directions of cancer immunotherapy. J Cancer 2018; 9:1773-1781. [PMID: 29805703 PMCID: PMC5968765 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, our knowledge about the relationship between cancer and the immune system has increased considerably. Recent years' success of cancer immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer vaccines, adoptive cancer therapy and the immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized traditional cancer treatment. However, challenges still exist in this field. Personalized combination therapies via new techniques will be the next promising strategies for the future cancer treatment direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, the Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jibei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, the Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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38
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Jindal V, Gupta S. Expected Paradigm Shift in Brain Metastases Therapy-Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7072-7078. [PMID: 29383686 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the dreadful complications of malignancies. The prognosis after BM is extremely poor and life expectancy is meager. Currently, our treatment modalities are limited to radiotherapy and surgical resection, which also has poor outcomes and leads to various neurological deficits and affects the quality of life of patients. New treatment modality, i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors, has brought revolution in management of melanoma, renal cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors basically enhance the immune response of the body to fight against cancers. Immune response in the brain is highly regulated; therefore, it is challenging to use immune-modulator drugs in BM. The microenvironment of BM is rich in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and which is the target of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Few studies have shown some hope regarding use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in management of BM. It works through inhibiting immune check point gates, i.e., CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein) and PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein-1/program death ligand-1). This article explains the basic mechanism of immune check point inhibitors, rationale behind their usage in BM, and some of the clinical studies which have shown the efficacy of immune check point inhibitors in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Jindal
- St. Vincent Hospital, 123 Summer Street, Worcester, 01608, USA.
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, 19141, USA
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39
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Denisenko TV, Budkevich IN, Zhivotovsky B. Cell death-based treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:117. [PMID: 29371589 PMCID: PMC5833343 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The most common type of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma (ADC), comprising around 40% of all lung cancer cases. In spite of achievements in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and the development of new approaches in its treatment, unfortunately, lung ADC is still one of the most aggressive and rapidly fatal tumor types with overall survival less than 5 years. Lung ADC is often diagnosed at advanced stages involving disseminated metastatic tumors. This is particularly important for the successful development of new approaches in cancer therapy. The high resistance of lung ADC to conventional radiotherapies and chemotherapies represents a major challenge for treatment effectiveness. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular pathways driving tumor progression and related targeted therapies in lung ADCs. In addition, the cell death mechanisms induced by different treatment strategies and their contribution to therapy resistance are analyzed. The focus is on approaches to overcoming drug resistance in order to improve future treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Denisenko
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna N Budkevich
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.
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40
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Golan T, Milella M, Ackerstein A, Berger R. The changing face of clinical trials in the personalized medicine and immuno-oncology era: report from the international congress on clinical trials in Oncology & Hemato-Oncology (ICTO 2017). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:192. [PMID: 29282151 PMCID: PMC5745625 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the oncology community has witnessed major advances in the understanding of cancer biology and major breakthroughs in several different therapeutic areas, from solid tumors to hematological malignancies; moreover, the advent of effective immunotherapy approaches, such as immune-checkpoint blockade, is revolutionizing treatment algorithms in almost all oncology disease areas. As knowledge evolves and new weapons emerge in the “war against cancer”, clinical and translational research need to adapt to a rapidly changing environment to effectively translate novel concepts into sustainable and accessible therapeutic options for cancer patients. With this in mind, translational cancer researchers, oncology professionals, treatment experts, CRO and industry leaders, as well as patient representatives gathered in London, 16-17 March 2017, for The International Congress on Clinical Trials in Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (ICTO2017), to discuss the changing face of oncology clinical trials in the new era of personalized medicine and immuno-oncology. A wide range of topics, including clinical trial design in immuno-oncology, biomarker-oriented drug development paths, statistical design and endpoint selection, challenges in the design and conduct of personalized medicine clinical trials, risk-based monitoring, financing and reimbursement, as well as best operational practices, were discussed in an open, highly interactive format, favoring networking among all relevant stakeholders. The most relevant data, approaches and issues emerged and discussed during the conference are summarized in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Emek HaEla St 1, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michele Milella
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aliza Ackerstein
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Emek HaEla St 1, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ranaan Berger
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Emek HaEla St 1, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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41
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Mascaux C, Tomasini P, Greillier L, Barlesi F. Personalised medicine for nonsmall cell lung cancer. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/146/170066. [PMID: 29141962 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0066-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After years of standard care prescribed to cancer patients without any selection except the primary site and histology of the tumour, the era of precision medicine has revolutionised cancer care. Personalised medicine refers to the selection of patients for specific treatment based on the presence of specific biomarkers which indicate sensitivity to corresponding targeted therapies and/or lower toxicity risk, such that patients will have the greatest chance of deriving benefit from the treatments. Here, we review personalised medicine for nonsmall cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mascaux
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France .,Aix Marseille University, Inserm U911 CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Tomasini
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, Inserm U911 CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, Inserm U911 CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Dept, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, Inserm U911 CRO2, Marseille, France
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Dhanak D, Edwards JP, Nguyen A, Tummino PJ. Small-Molecule Targets in Immuno-Oncology. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1148-1160. [PMID: 28938090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding the role and molecular mechanisms underlying immune surveillance and control of (pre)malignancies is revolutionizing clinical practice in the treatment of cancer. Presently, multiple biologic drugs targeting the immune checkpoint proteins PD(L)1 or CTLA4 have been approved and/or are in advanced stages of clinical development for many cancers. In addition, combination therapy with these agents and other immunomodulators is being intensively explored with the aim of improving primary response rates or prolonging overall survival. The effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy with biologics is spurring research in alternate approaches including small-molecule-mediated targeting of intracellular pathways modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This focus of this review is on some of the key intracellular pathways where the development of a small-molecule therapeutic is attractive, tractable, and potentially synergistic with extracellular biologic-mediated immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashyant Dhanak
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
| | - James P Edwards
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Ancho Nguyen
- Immuno Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Peter J Tummino
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, P O Box 776, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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43
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Type II CRISPR/Cas9 approach in the oncological therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:80. [PMID: 28619109 PMCID: PMC5472952 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a prokaryotic adaptable immune mechanism used by many bacteria and archaea to protect themselves from foreign nucleic acids. This complex system can recognize and cut non-self DNA in order to provide the prokaryotic organisms a strong defense against foreign viral or plasmid attacks and make the cell immune from further assaults. Today, it has been adapted to be used in vitro and in vivo in eukaryotic cells to perform a complete and highly selective gene knockout or a specific gene editing. The ease of use and the low cost are only two features that have made it very popular among the scientific community and the possibility to be used as a clinical treatment in several genetic derived pathologies has rapidly spread its fame worldwide. However, CRISPR is still not fully understood and many efforts need to be done in order to make it a real power tool for the human clinical treatment especially for oncological patients. Indeed, since cancer originates from non-lethal genetic disorders, CRISPR discovery fuels the hope to strike tumors on their roots. More than 4000 papers regarding CRISPR were published in the last ten years and only few of them take in count the possible applications in oncology. The purpose of this review is to clarify many problematics on the CRISPR usage and highlight its potential in oncological therapy.
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de Freitas AC, de Oliveira THA, Barros MR, Venuti A. hrHPV E5 oncoprotein: immune evasion and related immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:71. [PMID: 28545552 PMCID: PMC5445378 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is a key factor in the fight against HPV infection and related cancers, and thus, HPV is able to promote immune evasion through the expression of oncogenes. In particular, the E5 oncogene is responsible for modulation of several immune mechanisms, including antigen presentation and inflammatory pathways. Moreover, E5 was suggested as a promising therapeutic target, since there is still no effective medical therapy for the treatment of HPV-related pre-neoplasia and cancer. Indeed, several studies have shown good prospective for E5 immunotherapy, suggesting that it could be applied for the treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. Thus, insofar as the majority of cervical, oropharyngeal and anal cancers are caused by high-risk HPV (hrHPV), mainly by HPV16, the aim of this review is to discuss the immune pathways interfered by E5 oncoprotein of hrHPV highlighting the various aspects of the potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Talita Helena Araújo de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marconi Rego Barros
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Aldo Venuti
- Department of Research, HPV-Unit, UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Advanced Diagnostic and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Kahnert K, Kauffmann-Guerrero D, Tufman A, Borgmeier A, Huber RM, Berger F. Cancer vaccination causes prolonged FDG accumulation in subcutaneous tissue. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56:0868-16-12. [PMID: 28429815 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0868-16-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
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Inêz-Ferreira TM, Mendoza L, Vilela R, Andrade HMD, Haddad JP, Nunes FFC, Gondim IM, Guimarães TMPD, de Toledo VDPCP. A Leishmania murine model to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of Pythium insidiosum proteins. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00278. [PMID: 28393124 PMCID: PMC5377577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pythium insidiosum immunomodulatory vaccine (PiV) has been tested in clinical and experimental pythiosis. Previous data showed that P. insidiosum immunogens have the ability to switch the Th2 immune response, normally in place during pythiosis, to a curative Th1 response. Pythiosis cannot be reproduced in experimental rodents with the exception of rabbits, and thus thorough evaluation of PiV´s immunomodulatory properties has been limited by the lack of a compatible inbred mouse model. In this study, we took advantage of the murine BALB/c Leishmania infection model, where infected mice produce a Th2 response, to evaluate the PiV Th2 to Th1 immunomodulatory potential. Twenty-one days following challenge with L. major, large cutaneous granulomas developed in control mice, consistent with the expected Th2 response. In contrast, Leishmania-induced cutaneous lesions in PiV-immunized mice were minimal or absent. Flow cytometry analysis of spleen cells from mice immunized with PiV and subsequently challenged with L. major displayed more CD4+ and CD8+ cells than the control group. Moreover, spleen cells from mice that were immunized with PiV then challenged with L. major secreted high levels of IFN-γ, with a moderate IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 mixed cytokine profile upon in vitro re-stimulation with PiV. Anti-P. insidiosum IgG1 in immunized animals was present at low titers suggesting a minor immunological role for this Ig isotype in this model. Our preliminary data showed that BALB/c mice challenged with L. major represent an attractive model in which to study PiV´s immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Raquel Vilela
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Haddad
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Moreira Gondim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hochberg U, Elgueta MF, Perez J. Interventional Analgesic Management of Lung Cancer Pain. Front Oncol 2017; 7:17. [PMID: 28261561 PMCID: PMC5306685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the four most prevalent cancers worldwide. Comprehensive patient care includes not only adherence to clinical guidelines to control and when possible cure the disease but also appropriate symptom control. Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms in patients diagnosed with lung cancer; it can arise from local invasion of chest structures or metastatic disease invading bones, nerves, or other anatomical structures potentially painful. Pain can also be a consequence of therapeutic approaches like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Conventional medical management of cancer pain includes prescription of opioids and coadjuvants at doses sufficient to control the symptoms without causing severe drug effects. When an adequate pharmacological medical management fails to provide satisfactory analgesia or when it causes limiting side effects, interventional cancer pain techniques may be considered. Interventional pain management is devoted to the use of invasive techniques such as joint injections, nerve blocks and/or neurolysis, neuromodulation, and cement augmentation techniques to provide diagnosis and treatment of pain syndromes resistant to conventional medical management. Advantages of interventional approaches include better analgesic outcomes without experiencing drug-related side effects and potential for opioid reduction thus avoiding central side effects. This review will describe various pain syndromes frequently described in lung cancer patients and those interventional techniques potentially indicated for those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Cancer Pain Program, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | | | - Jordi Perez
- Cancer Pain Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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