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Wang MM, Zhao Y, Liu J, Fan RR, Tang YQ, Guo ZY, Li T. The role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in viral infections, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1997-2010. [PMID: 38822084 PMCID: PMC11420349 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors are an essential part of the immune system, which detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and help shape both innate and adaptive immune responses. When dsDNA is present, cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) produces a second messenger called cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which then triggers an adaptor protein called STING, and eventually activates the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway has been receiving a lot of attention lately as a key immune-surveillance mediator. In this review, we summarize the present circumstances of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in viral infections and inflammatory diseases, as well as autoimmune diseases. Modulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway provides potential strategies for treating viral infections, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Rong-Rong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, 14183, Sweden
| | - Yan-Qing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 999078, China.
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Qian C, Zhu W, Wang J, Wang Z, Tang W, Liu X, Jin B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liang G, Wang Y. Cyclic-di-GMP induces inflammation and acute lung injury through direct binding to MD2. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1744. [PMID: 39166890 PMCID: PMC11337466 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe bacterial infections can trigger acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) exacerbating the inflammatory response, particularly in COVID-19 patients. Cyclic-di-GMP (CDG), one of the PAMPs, is synthesized by various Gram-positve and Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies mainly focused on the inflammatory responses triggered by intracellular bacteria-released CDG. However, how extracellular CDG, which is released by bacterial autolysis or rupture, activates the inflammatory response remains unclear. METHODS The interaction between extracellular CDG and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) was investigated using in vivo and in vitro models. MD2 blockade was achieved using specific inhibitor and genetic knockout mice. Site-directed mutagenesis, co-immunoprecipitation, SPR and Bis-ANS displacement assays were used to identify the potential binding sites of MD2 on CDG. RESULTS Our data show that extracellular CDG directly interacts with MD2, leading to activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway and lung injury. Specific inhibitors or genetic knockout of MD2 in mice significantly alleviated CDG-induced lung injury. Moreover, isoleucine residues at positions 80 and 94, along with phenylalanine at position 121, are essential for the binding of MD2 to CDG. CONCLUSION These results reveal that extracellular CDG induces lung injury through direct interaction with MD2 and activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway, providing valuable insights into bacteria-induced ALI mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qian
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Weiyang Tang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Bo Jin
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yong Xu
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yi Wang
- School of PharmacyHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Liu X, Cui S, Zhang L, Wu S, Feng C, Liu B, Yang H. Gut microbiota affects the activation of STING pathway and thus participates in the progression of colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:192. [PMID: 39054486 PMCID: PMC11270765 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more studies showed that gut microbiota was closely related to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific pathway of gut microbiota regulating CRC development is still unknown. METHODS We collected fecal samples from 14 CRC patients and 20 normal volunteers for 16 S sequencing analysis. At the same time, 14 CRC patients' tumors and their adjacent tissues were collected for the detection of STING pathway related protein level. Mice were injected with azoxymethane (AOM) to establish an animal model of CRC, and antibiotics were given at the same time to evaluate the influence of gut microbiota on STING pathway and whether it was involved in regulating the tumor development of CRC mice. RESULTS The sequencing results showed that compared with the normal group, the gut microbiota gut microbiota of CRC patients changed significantly at different species classification levels. At the level of genus, Akkermansia, Ligilactobacillus and Subdoligranulum increased the most in CRC patients, while Bacteroides and Dialister decreased sharply. The expression of STING-related protein was significantly down-regulated in CRC tumor tissues. Antibiotic treatment of CRC mice can promote the development of tumor and inhibit the activation of STING pathway. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota participates in CRC progress by mediating STING pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, First Ward, No.515, Huanghe 7th Road, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Shasha Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Sainan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Cunzhi Feng
- General Surgery Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Baozhi Liu
- General Surgery Department, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China
| | - Huanlian Yang
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, First Ward, No.515, Huanghe 7th Road, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256600, PR China.
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Gao L, Shay C, Teng Y. Cell death shapes cancer immunity: spotlighting PANoptosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:168. [PMID: 38877579 PMCID: PMC11179218 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PANoptosis represents a novel type of programmed cell death (PCD) with distinctive features that incorporate elements of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. PANoptosis is governed by a newly discovered cytoplasmic multimeric protein complex known as the PANoptosome. Unlike each of these PCD types individually, PANoptosis is still in the early stages of research and warrants further exploration of its specific regulatory mechanisms and primary targets. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the conceptual framework and molecular components of PANoptosis. In addition, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of PANoptosis. By elucidating the complex crosstalk between pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis and summarizing the functional consequences of PANoptosis with a special focus on the tumor immune microenvironment, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of PANoptosis in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Gao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Chloe Shay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Tabar MMM, Fathi M, Kazemi F, Bazregari G, Ghasemian A. STING pathway as a cancer immunotherapy: Progress and challenges in activating anti-tumor immunity. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:487. [PMID: 38578532 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in innate immunity by detecting cytoplasmic DNA and initiating antiviral host defense mechanisms. The STING cascade is triggered when the enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) binds cytosolic DNA and synthesizes the secondary messenger cGAMP. cGAMP activates the endoplasmic reticulum adaptor STING, leading to the activation of kinases TBK1 and IRF3 that induce interferon production. Secreted interferons establish an antiviral state in infected and adjacent cells. Beyond infections, aberrant DNA in cancer cells can also activate the STING pathway. Preclinical studies have shown that pharmacological STING agonists like cyclic dinucleotides elicit antitumor immunity when administered intratumorally by provoking innate and adaptive immunity. Combining STING agonists with immune checkpoint inhibitors may improve outcomes by overcoming tumor immunosuppression. First-generation STING agonists encountered challenges like poor pharmacokinetics, limited tumor specificity, and systemic toxicity. The development of the next-generation STING-targeted drugs to realize the full potential of engaging this pathway for cancer treatment can be a solution to overcome the current challenges, but further studies are required to determine optimal applications and combination regimens for the clinic. Notably, the controlled activation of STING is needed to preclude adverse effects. This review explores the mechanisms and effects of STING activation, its role in cancer immunotherapy, and current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnaz Fathi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ghazal Bazregari
- Department of Hematology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Pu D, Yao Y, Zhou C, Liu R, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang D, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Feng B. FMT rescues mice from DSS-induced colitis in a STING-dependent manner. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2397879. [PMID: 39324491 PMCID: PMC11441074 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2397879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently a promising therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, clinical studies have shown that there is an obvious individual difference in the efficacy of FMT. Therefore, it is a pressing issue to identify the factors that influence the efficacy of FMT and find ways to screen the most suitable patients for this therapy. In this work, we targeted the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a DNA-sensing protein that regulates host-defense. By comparing the differential efficacy of FMT in mice with different expression level of STING, it is revealed that FMT therapy provides treatment for DSS-induced colitis in a STING-dependent manner. Mechanistically, FMT exerts a regulatory effect on the differentiation of intestinal Th17 cells and macrophages, splenic Th1 and Th2 cells, as well as Th1 cells of the mesenteric lymph nodes via STING, down-regulating the colonic M1/M2 and splenic Th1/Th2 cell ratios, thereby improving the imbalanced immune homeostasis in the inflamed intestine. Meanwhile, based on the 16SrDNA sequencing of mice fecal samples, STING was found to facilitate the donor strain colonization in recipients' gut, mainly Lactobacillales, thereby reshaping the gut microbiota disturbed by colitis. Consequently, we proposed that STING, as a key target of FMT therapy, is potentially a biomarker for screening the most suitable individuals for FMT to optimize treatment regimens and enhance clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kobritz M, Nofi C, Sfakianos M, Coppa G, Aziz M, Wang P. Targeting sting to reduce sepsis-induced acute intestinal injury. Surgery 2023; 174:1071-1077. [PMID: 37517896 PMCID: PMC10529857 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection syndrome leading to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Sepsis-induced intestinal dysfunction is a key element in the progression to multisystem organ failure. The stimulator of interferon genes is an intracellular protein implicated in intestinal injury in sepsis. H151, a small molecule inhibitor of stimulator of interferon genes, has not yet been studied as a potential therapeutic in sepsis. We hypothesize that H151 therapeutically reduces sepsis-induced acute intestinal injury. METHODS Male mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture and were treated with intraperitoneal H151 (10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. Intestines and serum were collected for analysis 20 hours after cecal ligation and puncture. Oral gavage of mice with FITC-dextran was performed 15 hours after cecal ligation and puncture. Five hours after gavage, serum was collected, and intestinal permeability was assessed. Mice were monitored for 10 days after cecal ligation and puncture to assess survival. RESULTS Zonula occludens 1 tight junctional protein expression was reduced after cecal ligation and puncture and recovered with H151 treatment. This was associated with a 62.3% reduction in intestinal permeability as assessed by fluorimetry. After cecal ligation and puncture, treatment with H151 was associated with a 58.7% reduction in intestinal histopathologic injury (P < .05) and a 56.6% reduction in intestinal apoptosis (P < .05). Intestinal myeloperoxidase activity was decreased by 70.8% after H151 treatment (P < .05). Finally, H151 improved 10-day survival from 33% to 80% after cecal ligation and puncture (P = .011). CONCLUSION H151, a novel stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor, reduces intestinal injury, inflammation, and permeability when administered as a treatment for cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Thus, targeting stimulator of interferon genes shows promise as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate sepsis-induced acute intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Kobritz
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Colleen Nofi
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Maria Sfakianos
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Gene Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Yang Y, Wang L, Peugnet-González I, Parada-Venegas D, Dijkstra G, Faber KN. cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal homeostasis and diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239142. [PMID: 37781354 PMCID: PMC10538549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to commensal microbes, opportunistic pathogens, toxins, luminal components and other environmental stimuli. The intestinal mucosa consists of multiple differentiated cellular and extracellular components that form a critical barrier, but is also equipped for efficient absorption of nutrients. Combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are known as critical components involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the recognition and elimination of potential threats by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This host defense is facilitated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in which the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has gained attention due to its role in sensing host and foreign double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as well as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) produced by bacteria. Upon binding with dsDNA, cGAS converts ATP and GTP to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to STING and activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), inducing type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, opposite perspectives exist regarding the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in different intestinal diseases. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling is associated with worse clinical outcomes in inflammation-associated diseases, while it also plays a critical role in protection against tumorigenesis and certain infections. Therefore, understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in the physiopathology of the intestinal mucosa is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway. This review aims to provide insight into recent findings of the protective and detrimental roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Peugnet-González
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Parada-Venegas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Luo L, An Y, Geng K, Wan S, Zhang F, Tan X, Jiang Z, Xu Y. High glucose-induced endothelial STING activation inhibits diabetic wound healing through impairment of angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 668:82-89. [PMID: 37245293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia-induced impairment of angiogenesis is important in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Additionally, the stimulator of interferon gene (STING), which is a key protein in innate immunity, mediates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases through oxidative stress-induced STING activation. However, the role of STING in DFU is unknown. In this study, we established a DFU mouse model with streptozotocin (STZ) injection and found that the expression of STING was significantly increased in the vascular endothelial cells of wound tissues from diabetic patients and in the STZ-induced diabetic mouse model. We further established high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial dysfunction with rat vascular endothelial cells and found that the expression of STING was also increased by high-glucose treatment. Moreover, the STING inhibitor, C176, promoted diabetic wound healing, whereas the STING activator, DMXAA, inhibited diabetic wound healing. Consistently, STING inhibition reversed the HG-induced reduction of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibited apoptosis, and promoted migration of endothelial cells. Notably, DMXAA treatment alone was sufficient to induce endothelial cell dysfunction as a high-glucose treatment. Mechanistically, STING mediated HG-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction by activating the interferon regulatory factor 3/nuclear factor kappa B pathway. In conclusion, our study reveals an endothelial STING activation-mediated molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of DFU and identifies STING as a novel potential therapeutic target for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Kang Geng
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shengrong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Fanjie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Balasubramaniam A, Srinivasan S. Role of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in the enteric nervous system in health and disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023:e14603. [PMID: 37094068 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a crucial protein that controls the immune system's reaction to bacterial and viral infections. As a pattern-recognition receptor, STING is found in immune cells as well as in neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Recent studies have linked STING to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are characterized by chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the digestive tract. STING plays a crucial role in the pathway that induces the production of interferon in response to viral infection in the central nervous system (CNS). A new study by Dharshika et al. in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility has demonstrated distinct roles for STING in enteric neurons and glia, namely activation of STING leads to IFN-β production in enteric neurons but not in glia and reducing STING activation in enteric glia does not modulate the severity of Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis or subsequent loss of enteric neurons. Rather, the role of STING in enteric glia is related to enhancing autophagy. STING can influence gastrointestinal motility and barrier function and therefore be involved in the pathophysiology of IBS and IBD. This mini review highlights the current knowledge of STING in the pathophysiology of CNS and gastrointestinal diseases as well as these newly uncovered roles STING in enteric neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Balasubramaniam
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Morihiro K, Osumi H, Morita S, Hattori T, Baba M, Harada N, Ohashi R, Okamoto A. Oncolytic Hairpin DNA Pair: Selective Cytotoxic Inducer through MicroRNA-Triggered DNA Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:135-142. [PMID: 36538570 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nucleic acids have attracted much attention as potential cancer immunotherapeutic materials because they are recognized by a variety of extracellular and intracellular nucleic acid sensors and can stimulate innate immune responses. However, their low selectivity for cancer cells causes severe systemic immunotoxicity, making it difficult to use artificial nucleic acid molecules for immune cancer therapy. To address this challenge, we herein introduce a hairpin DNA assembly technology that enables cancer-selective immune activation to induce cytotoxicity. The designed artificial DNA hairpins assemble into long nicked double-stranded DNA triggered by intracellular microRNA-21 (miR-21), which is overexpressed in various types of cancer cells. We found that the products from the hairpin DNA assembly selectively kill miR-21-abundant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo based on innate immune activation. Our approach is the first to allow selective oncolysis derived from intracellular DNA self-assembly, providing a powerful therapeutic modality to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Morihiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiraki Osumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunto Morita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takara Hattori
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manami Baba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Histopathology Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Wang Y, Chen-Mayfield TJ, Li Z, Younis MH, Cai W, Hu Q. Harnessing DNA for immunotherapy: Cancer, infectious diseases, and beyond. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2112273. [PMID: 36304724 PMCID: PMC9595111 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202112273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of immunotherapy, low response rates, poor therapeutic outcomes and severe side effects still limit their implementation, making the augmentation of immunotherapy an important goal for current research. DNA, which has principally been recognized for its functions of encoding genetic information, has recently attracted research interest due to its emerging role in immune modulation. Inspired by the intrinsic DNA-sensing signaling that triggers the host defense in response to foreign DNA, DNA or nucleic acid-based immune stimulators have been used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Besides that, DNA vaccines allow the synthesis of target proteins in host cells, subsequently inducing recognition of these antigens to provoke immune responses. On this basis, researchers have designed numerous vehicles for DNA and nucleic acid delivery to regulate immune systems. Additionally, DNA nanostructures have also been implemented as vaccine delivery systems to elicit strong immune responses against pathogens and diseased cells. This review will introduce the mechanism of harnessing DNA-mediated immunity for the prevention and treatment of diseases, summarize recent progress, and envisage their future applications and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Ting-Jing Chen-Mayfield
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Muhsin H. Younis
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Weibo Cai
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Department of Radiology and Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Taneishi K, Tsuchiya Y. Structure-based analyses of gut microbiome-related proteins by neural networks and molecular dynamics simulations. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Qin X, Zou H, Niu C. The STING pathway: An uncharacterized angle beneath the gut-retina axis. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108970. [PMID: 35114214 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut-retina axis is an emerging concept that describes a close interaction between the gut host-microbiota interface and the retina. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a universally expressed adaptor protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. When activated by the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), STING induces the activation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Downstream effects include inflammation, autophagy, and programmed cell death. Dysregulation of the STING pathway has emerged as a crucial pathogenic mechanism underpinning a broad range of inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Recently, a positive feedback loop between dysbiosis and aberrant activation of the intestinal STING pathway has been demonstrated, concurrently related to increased intestinal permeability. Alternations in the STING pathway have also been reported in the retina of patients with ocular diseases and retinal cells treated with pathological stimuli. Collectively, there is a chance that dysbiosis in patients with retinal diseases disrupts intestinal homeostasis and exacerbates barrier dysfunction through the erroneous accumulation of STING in the gut. Subsequent translocation of microbial products into the bloodstream allows access to the eye via the impaired blood-retina barrier, inducing the chronic activation of the STING pathway in the retina to participate in the disease progression. In this review, we explore how the alterations in the STING pathway could contribute to the gut disturbance and retinal pathologies and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target to treat the gut-retina axis-related diseases, which sheds some light on the better understanding of the crosstalk between the gut and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Niu
- FosunLead Lingzhi Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Ke X, Hu T, Jiang M. cGAS-STING signaling pathway in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease and cancers. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22029. [PMID: 34907606 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a key DNA-sensing machinery in innate immunity. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway mediates the production of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Although cGAS-STING signaling pathway shows critical function in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, overactive cGAS-STING signaling pathway leads to gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Harnessing the effect and mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway could be beneficial for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of GI diseases. This review presents recent advances regarding the role of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in GI inflammatory disease and cancers and describes perspective therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ke
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Zou D, Tian S, Zhang T, Zhuoma N, Wu G, Wang M, Dong L, Rossiter SJ, Zhao H. Vulture Genomes Reveal Molecular Adaptations Underlying Obligate Scavenging and Low Levels of Genetic Diversity. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3649-3663. [PMID: 33944941 PMCID: PMC8382910 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate scavenging on the dead and decaying animal matter is a rare dietary specialization that in extant vertebrates is restricted to vultures. These birds perform essential ecological services, yet many vulture species have undergone recent steep population declines and are now endangered. To test for molecular adaptations underlying obligate scavenging in vultures, and to assess whether genomic features might have contributed to their population declines, we generated high-quality genomes of the Himalayan and bearded vultures, representing both independent origins of scavenging within the Accipitridae, alongside a sister taxon, the upland buzzard. By comparing our data to published sequences from other birds, we show that the evolution of obligate scavenging in vultures has been accompanied by widespread positive selection acting on genes underlying gastric acid production, and immunity. Moreover, we find evidence of parallel molecular evolution, with amino acid replacements shared among divergent lineages of these scavengers. Our genome-wide screens also reveal that both the Himalayan and bearded vultures exhibit low levels of genetic diversity, equating to around a half of the mean genetic diversity of other bird genomes examined. However, demographic reconstructions indicate that population declines began at around the Last Glacial Maximum, predating the well-documented dramatic declines of the past three decades. Taken together, our genomic analyses imply that vultures harbor unique adaptations for processing carrion, but that modern populations are genetically depauperate and thus especially vulnerable to further genetic erosion through anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahu Zou
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Nima Zhuoma
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Guosheng Wu
- Xining Wildlife Park of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
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