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Pacheco MO, Lutz HM, Armada J, Davies N, Gerzenshtein IK, Cakley AS, Spiess BD, Stoppel WL. Silk Fibroin Particles as Carriers in the Development of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023; 3:2300019. [PMID: 38708087 PMCID: PMC11068031 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapeutics have a range of applications in transfusion medicine and disease treatment. Synthetic molecules and all-natural or semi-synthetic hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have seen success as potential circulating oxygen carriers. However, many early HBOC products stalled in development due to side effects from excess hemoglobin in the blood stream and hemoglobin entering the tissue. To overcome these issues, research has focused on increasing the molecular diameter of hemoglobin by polymerizing hemoglobin molecules or encapsulating hemoglobin in liposomal carriers. This work leverages the properties of silk fibroin, a cytocompatible and non-thrombogenic biopolymer, known to entrap protein-based cargo, to engineer a fully protein-based oxygen carrier. Herein, an all-aqueous solvent evaporation technique was used to form silk particles via phase separation from a bulk polyvinyl alcohol phase (PVA). Particles size was tuned, and particles were formed with and without hemoglobin. The encapsulation efficiency and ferrous state of hemoglobin were analyzed, resulting in 60% encapsulation efficiency and a maximum of 20% ferric hemoglobin, yielding 100 µg/mL active hemoglobin in certain sfHBOC formulations. The system did not elicit a strong inflammation response in vitro, demonstrating the potential for this particle system to serve as an injectable HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa O Pacheco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Henry M Lutz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Jostin Armada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Nickolas Davies
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | | | - Alaura S Cakley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
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Duranteau J, De Backer D, Donadello K, Shapiro NI, Hutchings SD, Rovas A, Legrand M, Harrois A, Ince C. The future of intensive care: the study of the microcirculation will help to guide our therapies. Crit Care 2023; 27:190. [PMID: 37193993 PMCID: PMC10186296 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of hemodynamic resuscitation is to optimize the microcirculation of organs to meet their oxygen and metabolic needs. Clinicians are currently blind to what is happening in the microcirculation of organs, which prevents them from achieving an additional degree of individualization of the hemodynamic resuscitation at tissue level. Indeed, clinicians never know whether optimization of the microcirculation and tissue oxygenation is actually achieved after macrovascular hemodynamic optimization. The challenge for the future is to have noninvasive, easy-to-use equipment that allows reliable assessment and immediate quantitative analysis of the microcirculation at the bedside. There are different methods for assessing the microcirculation at the bedside; all have strengths and challenges. The use of automated analysis and the future possibility of introducing artificial intelligence into analysis software could eliminate observer bias and provide guidance on microvascular-targeted treatment options. In addition, to gain caregiver confidence and support for the need to monitor the microcirculation, it is necessary to demonstrate that incorporating microcirculation analysis into the reasoning guiding hemodynamic resuscitation prevents organ dysfunction and improves the outcome of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duranteau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM UMR-S 999, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - D De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe 201, 1160, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Donadello
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit B, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - N I Shapiro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S D Hutchings
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Academic Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Rovas
- Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - M Legrand
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - A Harrois
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), INSERM UMR-S 999, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Niezen CK, Vos JJ, Bos AF, Scheeren TWL. Microvascular effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide measured by vascular occlusion test in healthy volunteers. Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104437. [PMID: 36122646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in near-infrared spectroscopy-derived regional tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during a vascular occlusion test (VOT; ischemic provocation of microcirculation by rapid inflation and deflation of a tourniquet) allow estimating peripheral tissue O2 consumption (desaturation slope; DS), vascular reactivity (recovery slope; RS) and post-ischemic hyperperfusion (AUC-H). The effects of isolated alterations in the inspiratory fraction of O2 (FiO2) and changes in expiratory CO2 remain to be elucidated. Therefore, in this secondary analysis we determined the effects of standardized isolated instances of hypoxia, hyperoxia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia on the VOT-induced StO2 changes in healthy volunteers (n = 20) to establish reference values for future physiological studies. METHODS StO2 was measured on the thenar muscle. Multiple VOTs were performed in a standardized manner: i.e. at room air (baseline), during hyperoxia (FiO2 1.0), mild hypoxia (FiO2 ≈ 0.11), and after a second baseline, during hypocapnia (end-tidal CO2 (etCO2) 2.5-3.0 vol%) and hypercapnia (etCO2 7.0-7.5 vol%) at room air. Differences in DS, RS, and AUC-H were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS DS and RS remained constant during all applied conditions. AUC-H after hypoxia was smaller compared to hyperoxia (963 %*sec vs hyperoxia 1702 %*sec, P = 0.005), while there was no difference in AUC-H duration between hypoxia and baseline. The StO2 peak (after tourniquet deflation) during hypoxia was lower compared to baseline and hyperoxia (92 % vs 94 % and 98 %, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that in healthy volunteers at rest, common situations observed during anesthesia and intensive care such as exposure to hypoxia, hyperoxia, hypocapnia, or hypercapnia, did not affect peripheral tissue O2 consumption and vascular reactivity as assessed by VOT-induced changes in StO2. These observations may serve as reference values for future physiological studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study represents a secondary analysis of an original study which has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov nr: NCT02561052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia K Niezen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jaap J Vos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend F Bos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W L Scheeren
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Morgan CG, Neidert LE, Hathaway EN, Tiller MM, Cardin S, Glaser JJ. Cerebral Regional Tissue Oxygenation as Surrogate for Blood Loss in Nonhuman Primate Models of Shock. J Surg Res 2022; 280:186-195. [PMID: 35987168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death, with a majority of mortalities in the prehospital setting. Current hemorrhage resuscitation guidelines cannot predict the critical point of intervention to activate massive transfusion (MT) and prevent cardiovascular decompensation. We hypothesized that cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (CrSO2) would indicate MT need in nonhuman primate models of hemorrhagic shock. METHODS Nineteen anesthetized male rhesus macaques underwent hemorrhage via a volume-targeted (VT) or pressure-targeted (PT) method. VT animals were monitored for 30 min following 30% blood volume hemorrhage. PT animals were hemorrhaged to mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20 mmHg and maintained for at least 60 min until decompensation. Statistics for MAP, heart rate (HR), end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and CrSO2 were analyzed via one- or two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, Pearson's R, and receiver-operator curve. A P < 0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS Following initial hemorrhage (S0), there were no significant differences between groups. After cessation of hemorrhage in the VT group, MAP and EtCO2 returned to baseline while CrSO2 plateaued. The PT group maintained model-defined low MAP, suppressing EtCO2, and significantly decreased CrSO2 compared to the VT group by S25. Linear regression of CrSO2versus shed blood volume demonstrated R2 = 0.7539. CrSO2 of 47% was able to detect >40% blood loss with an area under the curve of 0.9834 at 92.3% (66.7%-99.6%) sensitivity and 95.5% (84.9%-99.2%) specificity. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of hemorrhage modality and compensatory response, CrSO2 correlated strongly with shed blood volume. Analysis demonstrated that CrSO2 values below 49% indicate Advanced Trauma Life Support class IV shock (blood loss>40%). CrSO2 at the point of care may help indicate MT need earlier and more accurately than traditional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Morgan
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Leslie E Neidert
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | - Michael M Tiller
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas; Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Sylvain Cardin
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Jacob J Glaser
- Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Ft. Sam Houston, Texas; Providence Regional Medical Center, Everett, Washington.
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Brain and Muscle Oxygen Saturation Combined with Kidney Injury Biomarkers Predict Cardiac Surgery Related Acute Kidney Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091591. [PMID: 34573933 PMCID: PMC8466978 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early identification of patients at risk for cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) based on novel biomarkers and tissue oxygen saturation might enable intervention to reduce kidney injury. Aims: The study aimed to ascertain whether brain and muscle oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in addition to cystatin C and NGAL concentrations, could help with CS-AKI prediction. Methods: This is a single-centre prospective observational study on adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Brain and muscle NIRS were recorded during surgery. Cystatin C was measured on the first postoperative day, while NGAL directly before and 3 h after surgery. Results: CS-AKI was diagnosed in 18 (16%) of 114 patients. NIRS values recorded 20 min after CPB (with cut-off value ≤ 54.5% for muscle and ≤ 62.5% for the brain) were revealed to be the most accurate predictors of CS-AKI. Preoperative NGAL ≥ 91.5 ng/mL, postoperative NGAL ≥ 140.5 ng/mL, and postoperative cystatin C ≥ 1.23 mg/L were identified as independent and significant CS-AKI predictors. Conclusions: Brain and muscle oxygen saturation 20 min after CPB could be considered early parameters possibly related to CS-AKI risk, especially in patients with increased cystatin C and NGAL levels.
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Guerraty M, Bhargava A, Senarathna J, Mendelson AA, Pathak AP. Advances in translational imaging of the microcirculation. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12683. [PMID: 33524206 PMCID: PMC8647298 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen an explosion in the development and use of methods for imaging the human microcirculation during health and disease. The confluence of innovative imaging technologies, affordable computing power, and economies of scale have ushered in a new era of "translational" imaging that permit us to peer into blood vessels of various organs in the human body. These imaging techniques include near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are sensitive to microvascular-derived signals, as well as computed tomography (CT), optical imaging, and ultrasound (US) imaging that are capable of directly acquiring images at, or close to microvascular spatial resolution. Collectively, these imaging modalities enable us to characterize the morphological and functional changes in a tissue's microcirculation that are known to accompany the initiation and progression of numerous pathologies. Although there have been significant advances for imaging the microcirculation in preclinical models, this review focuses on developments in the assessment of the microcirculation in patients with optical imaging, NIRS, PET, US, MRI, and CT, to name a few. The goal of this review is to serve as a springboard for exploring the burgeoning role of translational imaging technologies for interrogating the structural and functional status of the microcirculation in humans, and highlight the breadth of current clinical applications. Making the human microcirculation "visible" in vivo to clinicians and researchers alike will facilitate bench-to-bedside discoveries and enhance the diagnosis and management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Guerraty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Akanksha Bhargava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaka Senarathna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asher A. Mendelson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Critical Care, Rady
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arvind P. Pathak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Deleu F, Deneux-Tharaux C, Chiesa-Dubruille C, Seco A, Bonnet M. A population-based analysis of French transfusion practices for women experiencing severe postpartum hemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth 2020; 42:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ražem K, Kocijan J, Podbregar M, Lučovnik M. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the placenta for monitoring fetal oxygenation during labour. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231461. [PMID: 32298307 PMCID: PMC7162483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although being the golden standard for intrapartum fetal surveillance, cardiotocography (CTG) has been shown to have poor specificity for detecting fetal acidosis. Non-invasive near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring of placental oxygenation during labour has not been studied yet. The objective of the study was to determine whether changes in placental NIRS values during labour could identify intrapartum fetal hypoxia and resulting acidosis. We included 43 healthy women in active stage of labour at term. CTG and NIRS parameters in groups with vs. without neonatal umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.20 were compared using Mann-Whitney-U. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves were used to estimate predictive value of CTG and NIRS parameters for neonatal pH ≤ 7.20. A computer-based statistical classification was also performed to further evaluate predictive values of CTG and NIRS for neonatal acidosis. Ten (23%) neonates were born with umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.20. Compared to group with pH > 7.20, fetal acidosis was associated with more episodes of placental NIRS deoxygenation (9 (range 2-37) vs. 2 (range 0-65); p<0.001), higher velocity of placental NIRS deoxygenation (2.31 (range 0-22) vs. 1 (range 0-49) %/s; p = 0.03), more decelerations on CTG (25 (range 3-91) vs. 10 (range 10-60); p = 0.02), and more prolonged decelerations on CTG (2 (range 0-4) vs. 1 (range 0-3); p = 0.04). Number of placental deoxygenations had the highest prognostic value for fetal/neonatal acidosis (area under the ROC curve 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.70-0.99). Computer-based classification also identified number of placental deoxygenations as the most accurate classifier, with 25% false positive and 93% true positive rate in the training dataset, with 100% accuracy when applied to the testing dataset. Placental deoxygenations during labour measured by NIRS are associated with fetal/neonatal acidosis. Predictive value of placental NIRS for neonatal acidosis was superior to that of CTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ražem
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Perinatology, UniversityMedical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Juš Kocijan
- Department of Systems and Control, Jožef Štefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- School of Engineering and Management, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Matej Podbregar
- Department of Intensive Internal Medicine, General Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lučovnik
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Perinatology, UniversityMedical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Varis E, Pettilä V, Wilkman E. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Adult Circulatory Shock: A Systematic Review. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 35:943-962. [PMID: 32077780 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620907307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulatory shock affects every third patient in intensive care units and is associated with high mortality. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could serve as a means for monitoring tissue perfusion in circulatory shock. PURPOSE To assess the evidence of NIRS monitoring in circulatory shock, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. METHODS The study protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and EBM Reviews databases. The reference lists of included articles, last volumes of key journals, and NIRS monitor manufacturers' webpages were searched manually. Two reviewers independently selected included studies. The quality of studies was assessed. The qualitative synthesis was guided by 3 questions: First, does NIRS monitoring improve patient-centered outcomes in adult circulatory shock patient? Second, do NIRS-derived parameters predict patient-centered outcomes, such as mortality and organ dysfunction, and third, does NIRS monitoring give additional information to guide treatment decisions? MAIN RESULTS Eighteen observational studies with 927 patients were included. Because of considerable clinical heterogeneity of the data, we were not able to perform a meta-analysis. Also, due to lack of randomized controlled trials, the first review question could not be answered. Based on the current review, baseline tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) however seems to predict mortality and identify patients with most severe forms of circulatory shock. CONCLUSIONS Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived StO2 can predict mortality in circulatory shock, but high-quality data on the impact of NIRS monitoring are lacking. Furthermore, the marked heterogeneity of the studies makes combining the results of individual studies difficult. Standardization of methodology and clinical randomized trials are needed before wider clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Varis
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89593Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Pettilä
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89593Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Wilkman
- Department of Anesthesiology, 89593Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Gingold BM, Killos MB, Griffith E, Posner L. Measurement of peripheral muscle oxygen saturation in conscious healthy horses using a near-infrared spectroscopy device. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:789-795. [PMID: 31562027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintaining adequate muscle tissue oxygenation is of paramount importance during equine general anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility, reliability and repeatability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) muscle oximetry using the Inspectra m650 in conscious healthy adult horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, observational study. ANIMALS A group of 30 healthy client-owned adult horses admitted to the equine hospital between July 2017 and July 2018. METHODS The probe of an Inspectra m650 NIRS tissue oximeter was placed on the hairless surface of five muscle sites (omotransversarius, triceps long head, extensor carpi ulnaris, vastus lateralis and lateral digital extensor) on the left side of the body of each standing, unsedated horse. Each site had muscle oxygenation (StO2) recordings measured in triplicate and statistical modeling used to assess the reading reliability and repeatability within and between muscle sites. RESULTS The readings acquired at the vastus lateralis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle sites had highly repeatable values [mean (90% confidence interval): StO2, 95% (93.8%, 96.5%) and 93% (91.6%, 93.9%), respectively; intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.92 and 0.80, respectively]. These two sites also had high reliability (represented by the percentage of successful readings; 70% and 86%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of NIRS muscle oxygenation technology is a clinically feasible means to assess tissue oxygenation in horses. The vastus lateralis and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle sites provided the most reliable and repeatable readings when using the Inspectra m650 machine in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mc Gingold
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Maria B Killos
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Griffith
- Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lysa Posner
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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An increase in heart rate variability can be an index for end point of resuscitation in trauma patients. Chin J Traumatol 2019; 22:134-137. [PMID: 31078422 PMCID: PMC6543254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive method to analyze the balance of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study was to compare the changes of HRV and base deficit (BD) during the treatment of trauma patients. METHODS Forty-three trauma patients with a low injury severity scores (ISS < 24) and negative base excess on admission were included in this study. Based on the BD changes, patients were divided into three groups: 'end pointed' group (n = 13), patients' BDs instantly cleared after primary hydration; 'needs further resuscitation' group (n = 21), patients' BDs did not reach the end point and thus required further hydration or packed red blood cells transfusion; and 'hydration minimal change' group (n = 9), patients' BDs lower than 2.5 mmol/L at the onset of admission and thereafter had minimal change (near normal range). The changes in HRV during fluid resuscitation were detected and compared to BD changes in their arterial blood gases. All data were analysed using the SPSS software Version 15.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the changes in HRV, heart rate, blood pressure, and BD among groups. RESULTS A significant reverse correlation was found between the BD ratio and the HRV ratio (r = -0.562; p = 0.01). The HRV of patients with aggravated BDs after fluid resuscitation was decreased. There was an increase in HRV at the time of BD clearance. A decrease in HRV after primary crystalloid hydration bore a significant connection with the need for an ICU (p = 0.021) and transfusion of packed red blood cells (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Increase in HRV may be a new non-invasive index for the end point of resuscitation in trauma patients.
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12
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Huber W, Zanner R, Schneider G, Schmid R, Lahmer T. Assessment of Regional Perfusion and Organ Function: Less and Non-invasive Techniques. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:50. [PMID: 30968023 PMCID: PMC6438879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient organ perfusion essentially depends on preserved macro- and micro-circulation. The last two decades brought substantial progress in the development of less and non-invasive monitoring of macro-hemodynamics. However, several recent studies suggest a frequent incoherence of macro- and micro-circulation. Therefore, this review reports on interactions of macro- and micro-circulation as well as on specific regional and micro-circulation. Regarding global micro-circulation the last two decades brought advances in a more systematic approach of clinical examination including capillary refill time, a graded assessment of mottling of the skin and accurate measurement of body surface temperatures. As a kind of link between macro- and microcirculation, a number of biochemical markers can easily be obtained. Among those are central-venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), plasma lactate and the difference between central-venous and arterial CO2 (cv-a-pCO2-gap). These inexpensive markers have become part of clinical routine and guideline recommendations. While their potential to replace parameters of macro-circulation such as cardiac output (CO) is limited, they facilitate the interpretation of the adequacy of CO and other macro-circulatory markers. Furthermore, they give additional hints on micro-circulatory impairment. In addition, a number of more sophisticated technical approaches to quantify and visualize micro-circulation including video-microscopy, laser flowmetry, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and partial oxygen pressure measurement have been introduced within the last 20 years. These technologies have been extensively used for scientific purposes. Moreover, they have been successfully used for educational purposes and to visualize micro-circulatory disturbances during sepsis and other causes of shock. Despite several studies demonstrating the association of these techniques and parameters with outcome, their practical application still is limited. However, future improvements in automated and “online” diagnosis will help to make these technologies more applicable in clinical routine. This approach is promising with regard to several studies which demonstrated the potential to guide therapy in different types of shock. Finally several organs have specific patterns of circulation related to their special anatomy (liver) or their auto-regulatory capacities (brain, kidney). Therefore, this review also discusses specific issues of monitoring liver, brain, and kidney circulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Robert Zanner
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schneider
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Domizi R, Damiani E, Scorcella C, Carsetti A, Castagnani R, Vannicola S, Bolognini S, Gabbanelli V, Pantanetti S, Donati A. Association between sublingual microcirculation, tissue perfusion and organ failure in major trauma: A subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213085. [PMID: 30835764 PMCID: PMC6400441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies described impaired microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation as reliable predictors of Multiple Organ Failure in major trauma. However, this relationship has been incompletely investigated. The objective of this analysis is to further evaluate the association between organ dysfunction and microcirculation after trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective subgroup analysis on 28 trauma patients enrolled for the Microcirculation DAIly MONitoring in critically ill patients study (NCT 02649088). Patients were divided in two groups according with their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at day 4. At admission and every 24 hours, the sublingual microcirculation was evaluated with Sidestream Darkfield Imaging (SDF) and peripheral tissue perfusion was assessed with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Vascular Occlusion Test (VOT). Simultaneously, hemodynamic, clinical/laboratory parameters and main organ supports were collected. RESULTS Median SOFA score at Day 4 was 6.5. Accordingly, patients were divided in two groups: D4-SOFA ≤6.5 and D4-SOFA >6.5. The Length of Stay in Intensive Care was significantly higher in patients with D4-SOFA>6.5 compared to D4-SOFA≤6.5 (p = 0.013). Total Vessel Density of small vessels was significantly lower in patients with high D4-SOFA score at Day 1 (p = 0.002) and Day 2 (p = 0.006) after admission; the Perfused Vessel Density was lower in patients with high D4-SOFA score at Day 1 (p = 0.007) and Day 2 (p = 0.033). At Day 1, NIRS monitoring with VOT showed significantly faster tissue oxygen saturation downslope (p = 0.018) and slower upslope (p = 0.04) in patients with high D4-SOFA. DISCUSSION In our cohort of major traumas, sublingual microcirculation and peripheral microvascular reactivity were significantly more impaired early after trauma in those patients who developed more severe organ dysfunctions. Our data would support the hypothesis that restoration of macrocirculation can be dissociated from restoration of peripheral and tissue perfusion, and that microvascular alterations can be associated with organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Domizi
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Damiani
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Scorcella
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Carsetti
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Castagnani
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Vannicola
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sandra Bolognini
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gabbanelli
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Pantanetti
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Abele Donati
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Microvascular reactivity monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy is impaired after induction of anaesthesia in cardiac surgery patients: An observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 34:688-694. [PMID: 28834795 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of anaesthesia causes significant macrohaemodynamic changes, but little is known about its effects on the microcirculation. However, alterations in microvascular perfusion are known to be associated with impaired tissue oxygenation and organ dysfunction. Microvascular reactivity can be assessed with vascular occlusion testing, which evaluates the response of tissue oxygen saturation to transient ischaemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of an opioid-based anaesthesia induction on microvascular reactivity. We hypothesised that despite minimal blood pressure changes, microvascular function would be impaired. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Single-centre, tertiary university teaching hospital, Belgium. PATIENTS Thirty-five adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. INTERVENTION Microvascular reactivity was assessed before and 30 min after anaesthesia induction by means of vascular occlusion testing and near-infrared spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tissue oxygen saturations, desaturation rate, recovery time (time from release of cuff to the maximum value) and rate of recovery were determined. RESULTS Data are expressed as median (minimum to maximum). Tissue oxygen saturation was higher after induction of anaesthesia [70 (54 to 78) vs. 73 (55 to 94)%, P = 0.015]. Oxygen consumption decreased after induction, appreciable by the higher minimum tissue oxygen saturation [45 (29 to 69) vs. 53 (28 to 81)%, P < 0.001] and the slower desaturation rate [11 (4 to 18) vs. 9 (5 to 16)% min, P < 0.001]. After induction of anaesthesia, recovery times were longer [40 (20 to 120) vs. 48 (24 to 356) s, P = 0.004] and the rate of recovery was lower [114 (12 to 497) vs. 80 (3 to 271)% min, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION After induction of anaesthesia, oxygen consumption was decreased. The longer recovery times and slower rates of recovery indicate impaired microvascular reactivity after induction of anaesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION The research project was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02034682).
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Doctor A, Cholette JM, Remy KE, Argent A, Carson JL, Valentine SL, Bateman ST, Lacroix J. Recommendations on RBC Transfusion in General Critically Ill Children Based on Hemoglobin and/or Physiologic Thresholds From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2018; 19:S98-S113. [PMID: 30161064 PMCID: PMC6125789 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the consensus recommendations and supporting literature for RBC transfusions in general critically ill children from the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative. DESIGN Consensus conference series of international, multidisciplinary experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill children. METHODS The panel of 38 experts developed evidence-based and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based recommendations and research priorities regarding RBC transfusions in critically ill children. The subgroup on RBC transfusion in general critically ill children included six experts. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to May 30, 2017, using a combination of keywords to define concepts of RBC transfusion and critically ill children. Recommendation consensus was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method. The results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. RESULTS Three adjudicators reviewed 4,399 abstracts; 71 papers were read, and 17 were retained. Three papers were added manually. The general Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative subgroup developed, and all Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative members voted on two good practice statements, six recommendations, and 11 research questions; in all instances, agreement was reached (> 80%). The good practice statements suggest a framework for RBC transfusion in PICU patients. The good practice statements and recommendations focus on hemoglobin as a threshold and/or target. The research questions focus on hemoglobin and physiologic thresholds for RBC transfusion, alternatives, and risk/benefit ratio of transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative developed pediatric-specific good practice statements and recommendations regarding RBC transfusion management in the general PICU population, as well as recommendations to guide future research priorities. Clinical recommendations emphasized relevant hemoglobin thresholds, and research recommendations emphasized a need for further understanding of physiologic thresholds, alternatives to RBC transfusion, and hemoglobin thresholds in populations with limited pediatric literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Doctor
- Allan Doctor, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, United States
| | - Jill M. Cholette
- Jill M. Cholette, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Medical Director, Pediatric Cardiac Care Center, University of Rochester, Golisano Children’s Hospital, United States
| | - Kenneth E. Remy
- Kenneth E. Remy, MD, MHSc, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, United States
| | - Andrew Argent
- Andrew Argent, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Medical Director, Paediatric Intensive Care, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey L. Carson
- Jeffrey L. Carson, MD, Provost – New Brunswick Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Richard C. Reynolds Chair of General Internal Medicine; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States
| | - Stacey L. Valentine
- Stacey L. Valentine, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
| | - Scot T. Bateman
- Scot T. Bateman, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division Chief of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, United States
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Jacques Lacroix, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Orbegozo D, Mongkolpun W, Stringari G, Markou N, Creteur J, Vincent JL, De Backer D. Skin microcirculatory reactivity assessed using a thermal challenge is decreased in patients with circulatory shock and associated with outcome. Ann Intensive Care 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 29725778 PMCID: PMC5934288 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-018-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shock states are characterized by impaired tissue perfusion and microcirculatory alterations, which are directly related to outcome. Skin perfusion can be noninvasively evaluated using skin laser Doppler (SLD), which, when coupled with a local thermal challenge, may provide a measure of microcirculatory reactivity. We hypothesized that this microvascular reactivity would be impaired in patients with circulatory shock and would be a marker of severity. Methods We first evaluated skin blood flow (SBF) using SLD on the forearm and on the palm in 18 healthy volunteers to select the site with maximal response. Measurements were taken at 37 °C (baseline) and repeated at 43 °C. The 43 °C/37 °C SBF ratio was calculated as a measure of microvascular reactivity. We then evaluated the SBF in 29 patients with circulatory shock admitted to a 35-bed department of intensive care and in a confirmatory cohort of 35 patients with circulatory shock. Results In the volunteers, baseline SBF was higher in the hand than in the forearm, but the SBF ratio was lower (11.2 [9.4–13.4] vs. 2.0 [1.7–2.6], p < 0.01) so we used the forearm for our patients. Baseline forearm SBF was similar in patients with shock and healthy volunteers, but the SBF ratio was markedly lower in the patients (2.6 [2.0–3.6] vs. 11.2 [9.4–13.4], p < 0.01). Shock survivors had a higher SBF ratio than non-survivors (3.2 [2.2–6.2] vs. 2.3 [1.7–2.8], p < 0.01). These results were confirmed in the second cohort of 35 patients. In multivariable analysis, the APACHE II score and the SBF ratio were independently associated with mortality. Conclusions Microcirculatory reactivity is decreased in patients with circulatory shock and has prognostic value. This simple, noninvasive test could help in monitoring the peripheral microcirculation in acutely ill patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13613-018-0393-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orbegozo
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wasineenart Mongkolpun
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianni Stringari
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Markou
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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Qiao Z, Horst K, Teuben M, Greven J, Yin L, Kalbas Y, Tolba RH, Pape HC, Hildebrand F, Pfeifer R. Analysis of skeletal muscle microcirculation in a porcine polytrauma model with haemorrhagic shock. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1377-1382. [PMID: 28975653 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polytraumatised patients with haemorrhagic shock are prone to develop systemic complications, such as SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome), ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) and MOF (multiple organ failure). The pathomechanism of severe complications following trauma is multifactorial, and it is believed that microcirculatory dysfunction plays an important role. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the microcirculation in musculature over time during shock and subsequent resuscitation in a porcine model of haemorrhagic shock and polytrauma. Twelve pigs (German Landrace) underwent femur fracture, liver laceration, blunt chest trauma, and haemorrhagic shock under standard anaesthesia and intensive care monitoring. Microcirculation data were measured from the vastus lateralis muscle using a combined white light spectrometry and laser spectroscopy system every 15 min during the shock and resuscitation period, and at 24, 48, and 72 h. Oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption were calculated and compared to baseline. The relative haemoglobin, local oxygen consumption, and saturation values in the microcirculation were observed significantly lower during shock, however, no changes in the microcirculatory blood flow and microcirculatory oxygen delivery were observed. After resuscitation, the microcirculatory blood flow and relative haemoglobin increased and remained elevated during the whole observation period (72 h). In this study, we observed changes in microcirculation during the trauma and shock phases. Furthermore, we also measured persistent dysfunction of the microcirculation over the observation period of 3 days after resuscitation and haemorrhagic shock. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1377-1382, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michel Teuben
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Harald-Tscherne Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Ramistr, 100, 8091 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luxu Yin
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yannik Kalbas
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Harald-Tscherne Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Ramistr, 100, 8091 Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Harald-Tscherne Laboratory, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich; Ramistr, 100, 8091 Zuerich, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
The microvasculature plays a central role in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock and is also involved in arguably all therapeutic attempts to reverse or minimize the adverse consequences of shock. Microvascular studies specific to hemorrhagic shock were reviewed and broadly grouped depending on whether data were obtained on animal or human subjects. Dedicated sections were assigned to microcirculatory changes in specific organs, and major categories of pathophysiological alterations and mechanisms such as oxygen distribution, ischemia, inflammation, glycocalyx changes, vasomotion, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy as well as biomarkers and some therapeutic strategies. Innovative experimental methods were also reviewed for quantitative microcirculatory assessment as it pertains to changes during hemorrhagic shock. The text and figures include representative quantitative microvascular data obtained in various organs and tissues such as skin, muscle, lung, liver, brain, heart, kidney, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery from various species including mice, rats, hamsters, sheep, swine, bats, and humans. Based on reviewed findings, a new integrative conceptual model is presented that includes about 100 systemic and local factors linked to microvessels in hemorrhagic shock. The combination of systemic measures with the understanding of these processes at the microvascular level is fundamental to further develop targeted and personalized interventions that will reduce tissue injury, organ dysfunction, and ultimately mortality due to hemorrhagic shock. Published 2018. Compr Physiol 8:61-101, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Torres Filho
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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Fornier W, Jacquet-Lagrèze M, Collenot T, Teixeira P, Portran P, Schweizer R, Ovize M, Fellahi JL. Microvascular effects of intravenous esmolol in patients with normal cardiac function undergoing postoperative atrial fibrillation: a prospective pilot study in cardiothoracic surgery. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:302. [PMID: 29233190 PMCID: PMC5727878 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is commonplace after cardiothoracic surgery. A rate control strategy using short-acting beta blockers is recommended as a first-line therapy in patients without hemodynamic instability. Microcirculatory effects of POAF and esmolol have not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that POAF without hemodynamic instability would induce microvascular dysfunction which could be reversed by intravenous esmolol. METHODS Twenty-five cardiothoracic surgical patients with POAF were included in the study. Microcirculation was assessed by peripheral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in association with a vascular occlusion test (VOT) before esmolol infusion, during incremental doses of esmolol (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/kg/min), and after a return to sinus rhythm. Esmolol was given to control heart rate to between 60 and 90 beats/min. Regional tissue oxygen saturation variables (StO2, StO2 min, StO2 max, and ∆StO2) and desaturation/resaturation speeds during VOT were recorded to evaluate the microcirculation. RESULTS StO2 and resaturation speed were significantly improved when POAF returned to sinus rhythm (StO2 64% ± 6 versus 67% ± 6, P < 0.01; resaturation speed 0.53%/s (0.42-0.97) versus 0.66%/s (0.51-1.04), P = 0.020). ∆StO2 was significantly decreased after a return to sinus rhythm (7.9% ± 4.8 versus 6.1% ± 4.7, P = 0.026). During esmolol infusion, we found a significant decrease in both heart rate (P < 0.001) and blood pressure (P < 0.001), and a non-significant dose-dependent increase in StO2 (P = 0.081) and resaturation speed (P = 0.087). CONCLUSION POAF without hemodynamic instability is associated with significant impairment in the microcirculation which could be partially reversed by intravenous esmolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Fornier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France. .,Inserm U1060, IHU OPERA, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France. .,, 12 rue Vaubecour, Lyon, 69002, France.
| | - Matthias Jacquet-Lagrèze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Collenot
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Priscilla Teixeira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Portran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Schweizer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Inserm U1060, IHU OPERA, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Cardiovascular Explorations, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Fellahi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,Inserm U1060, IHU OPERA, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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Abstract
Transfusion decision making (TDM) in the critically ill requires consideration of: (1) anemia tolerance, which is linked to active pathology and to physiologic reserve, (2) differences in donor RBC physiology from that of native RBCs, and (3) relative risk from anemia-attributable oxygen delivery failure vs hazards of transfusion, itself. Current approaches to TDM (e.g. hemoglobin thresholds) do not: (1) differentiate between patients with similar anemia, but dissimilar pathology/physiology, and (2) guide transfusion timing and amount to efficacy-based goals (other than resolution of hemoglobin thresholds). Here, we explore approaches to TDM that address the above gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Markham
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, McDonnell Pediatric Research Building, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Sara Small
- Social Systems Design Laboratory, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Peter Hovmand
- Social Systems Design Laboratory, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, McDonnell Pediatric Research Building, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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Davis WT, Lospinso J, Barnwell RM, Hughes J, Schauer SG, Smith TB, April MD. Soft tissue oxygen saturation to predict admission from the emergency department: A prospective observational study. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 35:1111-1117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Heringlake M, Maurer H. Taking two steps at a time does not necessarily bring you forward! Monitoring peripheral tissue perfusion with near-infrared spectroscopy. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:485-486. [PMID: 28403405 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nasseri N, Kleiser S, Ostojic D, Karen T, Wolf M. Quantifying the effect of adipose tissue in muscle oximetry by near infrared spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4605-4619. [PMID: 27895999 PMCID: PMC5119599 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Change of muscle tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), due to exercise, measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known to be lower for subjects with higher adipose tissue thickness. This is most likely not physiological but caused by the superficial fat and adipose tissue. In this paper we assessed, in vitro, the influence of adipose tissue thickness on muscle StO2, measured by NIRS oximeters. We measured StO2 of a liquid phantom by 3 continuous wave (CW) oximeters (Sensmart Model X-100 Universal Oximetry System, INVOS 5100C, and OxyPrem v1.3), as well as a frequency-domain oximeter, OxiplexTS, through superficial layers with 4 different thicknesses. Later, we employed the results to calibrate OxyPrem v1.3 for adipose tissue thickness in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Nasseri
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
- equal contribution
| | - Stefan Kleiser
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
- equal contribution
| | - Daniel Ostojic
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Tanja Karen
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
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Donati A, Damiani E, Domizi R, Scorcella C, Carsetti A, Tondi S, Monaldi V, Adrario E, Romano R, Pelaia P, Singer M. Near-infrared spectroscopy for assessing tissue oxygenation and microvascular reactivity in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study. Crit Care 2016; 20:311. [PMID: 27716370 PMCID: PMC5045573 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired microcirculatory perfusion and tissue oxygenation during critical illness are associated with adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to detect alterations in tissue oxygenation or microvascular reactivity and their ability to predict outcome in critically ill patients using thenar near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with a vascular occlusion test (VOT). Methods Prospective observational study in critically ill adults admitted to a 12-bed intensive care unit (ICU) of a University Hospital. NIRS with a VOT (using a 40 % tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) target) was applied daily until discharge from the ICU or death. A group of healthy volunteers were evaluated in a single session. During occlusion, StO2 downslope was measured separately for the first (downslope 1) and last part (downslope 2) of the desaturation curve. The difference between downslope 2 and 1 was calculated (delta-downslope). The upslope and area of the hyperaemic phase (receive operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of StO2) were calculated, reflecting microvascular reactivity. Outcomes were ICU and 90-day mortality. Results Patients (n = 89) had altered downslopes and upslopes compared to healthy volunteers (n = 27). Mean delta-downslope was higher in ICU non-survivors (2.8 (0.4, 3.8) %/minute versus 0.4 (−0.8, 1.8) in survivors, p = 0.004) and discriminated 90-day mortality (ROC AUC 0.72 (95 % confidence interval 0.59, 0.84)). ICU non-survivors had lower mean upslope (141 (75, 193) %/minute versus 185 (143, 217) in survivors, p = 0.016) and AUC StO2 (7.9 (4.3, 12.6) versus 14.5 (11.2, 21.3), p = 0.001). Upslope and AUC StO2 on admission were significant although weak predictors of 90-day mortality (ROC AUC = 0.68 (0.54, 0.82) and 0.70 (0.58, 0.82), respectively). AUC StO2 ≤ 6.65 (1st quartile) on admission was independently associated with higher 90-day mortality (hazard ratio 7.964 (95 % CI 2.211, 28.686)). The lowest upslope in the ICU was independently associated with survival after ICU discharge (odds ratio 0.970 (95 % CI 0.945, 0.996)). Conclusions In critically ill patients, NIRS with a VOT enables identification of alterations in tissue oxygen extraction capacity and microvascular reactivity that can predict mortality. Trial registration NCT02649088, www.clinicaltrials.gov, date of registration 23rd December 2015, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-016-1500-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abele Donati
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Damiani
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Domizi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Scorcella
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Carsetti
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Tondi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Monaldi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Adrario
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rocco Romano
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelaia
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Willingham TB, Southern WM, McCully KK. Measuring reactive hyperemia in the lower limb using near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:091302. [PMID: 27050534 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure reactive hyperemia following a vascular occlusion. However, the procedures and methods of analysis used have varied. The purpose of the present study is to identify reproducible methods for measuring reactive hyperemia using HbO2 NIRS signals in the calf and foot. Healthy participants (10 male, 10 female) aged 19 to 28 years performed one of two tests: reproducibility trials or elevation protocol (30 and 60 cm limb elevation above the heart). The time to 50% reperfusion (T1/2) and the second (R2q) quartile rates of reperfusion were found to be the most reproducible parameters (coefficient of variation= 7.12 to 14.1%). The time to 95% reperfusion (T95) was 12.7% more reproducible on average than the previously reported parameter of time to peak hyperemia. Measures of reperfusion time and rate slowed with increasing limb elevation. Correlations were identified between the calf and foot in the measurements of R2q (R2 = 0.713, p = 0.021), T1/2 (R2 = 0.673, p = 0.033), and T95 (R2 = 0.792, p = 0.006). Half and 95% recovery times and second and third quartile rates expressed good reproducibility and sensitivity to change with reduced perfusion pressure. NIRS measures of reactive hyperemia have the potential to evaluate microvascular perfusion in clinical populations.
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Rapid assessment of shock in a nonhuman primate model of uncontrolled hemorrhage: Association of traditional and nontraditional vital signs to mortality risk. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 80:610-6. [PMID: 26808041 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are traditionally used to guide patient triage and resuscitation; however, they correlate poorly to shock severity. Therefore, improved acute diagnostic capabilities are needed. Here, we correlated acute alterations in tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) to mortality in a rhesus macaque model of uncontrolled hemorrhage. METHODS Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced in anesthetized rhesus macaques by a laparoscopic 60% left-lobe hepatectomy (T = 0 minute). StO2, ETCO2, HR, as well as invasive SBP and MAP were continuously monitored through T = 480 minutes. At T = 120 minutes, bleeding was surgically controlled, and blood loss was quantified. Data analyses compared nonsurvivors (expired before T = 480 minutes, n = 5) with survivors (survived to T = 480 minutes, n = 11) using repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. All p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results were reported as mean ± SEM. RESULTS Baseline values were equivalent between groups for each parameter. In nonsurvivors versus survivors at T = 5 minutes, StO2 (55% ± 10% vs. 78% ± 3%, p = 0.02) and ETCO2 (15 ± 2 vs. 25 ± 2 mm Hg, p = 0.0005) were lower, while MAP (18 ± 1 vs. 23 ± 2 mm Hg, p = 0.2), SBP (26 ± 2 vs. 34 ± 3 mm Hg, p = 0.4), and HR (104 ± 13 vs. 105 ± 6 beats/min, p = 0.3) were similar. Association of values over T = 5-30 minutes to mortality demonstrated StO2 and ETCO2 equivalency with a significant group effect (p ≤ 0.009 for each parameter; R(2) = 0.92 and R(2) = 0.90, respectively). MAP and SBP associated with mortality later into the shock period (p < 0.04 for each parameter; R(2) = 0.91 and R(2) = 0.89, respectively), while HR yielded the lowest association (p = 0.8, R(2) = 0.83). CONCLUSION Acute alterations in StO2 and ETCO2 strongly associated with mortality and preceded those of traditional vital signs. The continuous, noninvasive aspects of Food and Drug Administration-approved StO2 and ETCO2 monitoring devices provide logistical benefits over other methodologies and thus warrant further investigation.
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Biedrzycka A, Kowalik M, Pawlaczyk R, Jagielak D, Świetlik D, Szymanowicz W, Lango R. Aortic cross-clamping phase of cardiopulmonary bypass is related to decreased microvascular reactivity after short-term ischaemia of the thenar muscle both under intravenous and volatile anaesthesia: a randomized trial. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 23:770-778. [PMID: 27401083 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to assess, by near-infrared spectroscopy with an INVOS oximeter during the vascular occlusion test (VOT), the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on tissue saturation in the thenar muscle. The secondary aim was to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia on tissue saturation. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Sixty cardiac surgery patients received either propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia. Three-minute VOT was performed at the following time points: 30 min after anaesthesia induction, directly after sternotomy, 20 and 40 min after aortic cross-clamping, 20 min after aortic cross-clamp removal and 45 min after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. Group and time effects on tissue saturation were analysed with RM-ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS In both groups at baseline, the lowest and the highest tissue saturation and the rate of saturation recovery during the reperfusion phase of the vascular occlusion test were lower during aortic cross-clamping in comparison to the values before CPB. Lower nadir tissue saturation during ischaemia was observed under propofol in comparison to sevoflurane anaesthesia (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the aortic cross-clamping phase of CPB cardiac surgery is associated with lower values of tissue saturation and a decreased rate of saturation recovery under both propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia. Aortic cross-clamp release is followed by accelerated tissue desaturation during VOT. Propofol anaesthesia for CPB cardiac surgery results in greater reduction of nadir tissue saturation during the ischaemic phase of VOT in comparison to that of sevoflurane. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02593448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Biedrzycka
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Kowalik
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawlaczyk
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jagielak
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Świetlik
- Intrafaculty College of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wiktor Szymanowicz
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Hutchings S, Naumann DN, Harris T, Wendon J, Midwinter MJ. Observational study of the effects of traumatic injury, haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation on the microcirculation: a protocol for the MICROSHOCK study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010893. [PMID: 26944694 PMCID: PMC4785297 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The microcirculation is the physiological site of oxygen and substrate exchange. Its effectiveness during circulatory shock is vital for the perfusion of tissues, and has a bearing on subsequent organ function and prognosis. Microcirculatory dysfunction following traumatic haemorrhagic shock (THS) has been understudied compared with other pathologies such as sepsis. The aim of the MICROSHOCK study is to investigate changes seen in the microcirculation of patients following THS, and to assess its response to resuscitation. A greater understanding of the behaviour and mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction in this context may direct future avenues of goal-directed resuscitation for these patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This multicentre prospective longitudinal observational study includes patients who present as an emergency with THS. Microcirculatory parameters are recorded using sublingual incident dark field microscopy alongside measurements of global flow (oesophageal Doppler and transthoracic echocardiography). Patients are enrolled into the study as soon as feasible after they arrive in hospital, and then at subsequent daily time points. Blood samples are taken for investigation into the mechanisms of microcirculatory dysfunction. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores will be analysed with microcirculatory parameters to determine whether they correlate with greater fidelity than more conventional, global circulatory parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Research Ethics Committee approval has been granted for this study (Reference: 14/YH/0078). Owing to the nature of THS, capacity for informed consent will be absent on patient enrolment. This will be addressed according to the Mental Health Capacity Act 2005. The physician in charge of the patient's care (nominated consultee) may consent on behalf of the patient. Consent will also be sought from a personal consultee (close relative or friend). After capacity is regained, the participant will be asked for their consent. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journal format and presented at relevant academic meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02111109; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hutchings
- Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Kings College London, London, UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David N Naumann
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tim Harris
- Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Wendon
- Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Midwinter
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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The effect of hydroxyethyl starch 6% 130/0.4 compared with gelatin on microvascular reactivity. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:798-805. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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