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Khatib H, Townsend J, Konkel MA, Conidi G, Hasselkus JA. Calling the question: what is mammalian transgenerational epigenetic inheritance? Epigenetics 2024; 19:2333586. [PMID: 38525788 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2333586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While transgenerational epigenetic inheritance has been extensively documented in plants, nematodes, and fruit flies, its existence in mammals remains controversial. Several factors have contributed to this debate, including the lack of a clear distinction between intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), the inconsistency of some studies, the potential confounding effects of in-utero vs. epigenetic factors, and, most importantly, the biological challenge of epigenetic reprogramming. Two waves of epigenetic reprogramming occur: in the primordial germ cells and the developing embryo after fertilization, characterized by global erasure of DNA methylation and remodelling of histone modifications. Consequently, TEI can only occur if specific genetic regions evade this reprogramming and persist through embryonic development. These challenges have revived the long-standing debate about the possibility of inheriting acquired traits, which has been strongly contested since the Lamarckian and Darwinian eras. As a result, coupled with the absence of universally accepted criteria for transgenerational epigenetic studies, a vast body of literature has emerged claiming evidence of TEI. Therefore, the goal of this study is to advocate for establishing fundamental criteria that must be met for a study to qualify as evidence of TEI. We identified five criteria based on the consensus of studies that critically evaluated TEI. To assess whether published original research papers adhere to these criteria, we examined 80 studies that either claimed or were cited as supporting TEI. The findings of this analysis underscore the widespread confusion in this field and highlight the urgent need for a unified scientific consensus on TEI requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Khatib
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Townsend
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa A Konkel
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabi Conidi
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julia A Hasselkus
- The Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Deng X, Liang S, Tang Y, Li Y, Xu R, Luo L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Liu Y. Adverse effects of bisphenol A and its analogues on male fertility: An epigenetic perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123393. [PMID: 38266695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on male fertility. Epigenetic modification is critical for male germline development, and has been suggested as a potential mechanism for impaired fertility induced by EDCs. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been recognized as a typical EDC. BPA and its analogues, which are still widely used in various consumer products, have garnered increasing attention due to their reproductive toxicity and the potential to induce epigenetic alteration. This literature review provides an overview of studies investigating the adverse effects of bisphenol exposures on epigenetic modifications and male fertility. Existing studies provide evidence that exposure to bisphenols can lead to adverse effects on male fertility, including declined semen quality, altered reproductive hormone levels, and adverse reproductive outcomes. Epigenetic patterns, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, can be altered by bisphenol exposures. Transgenerational effects, which influence the fertility and epigenetic patterns of unexposed generations, have also been identified. However, the magnitude and direction of certain outcomes varied across different studies. Investigations into the dynamics of histopathological and epigenetic alterations associated with bisphenol exposures during developmental stages can enhance the understanding of the epigenetic effects of bisphenols, the implication of epigenetic alteration on male fertility, and the health of successive generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Philibert P, Stévant I, Déjardin S, Girard M, Sellem E, Durix Q, Messager A, Gonzalez AA, Mialhe X, Pruvost A, Poulat F, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Intergenerational effects on fertility in male and female mice after chronic exposure to environmental doses of NSAIDs and 17α-ethinylestradiol mixtures. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114085. [PMID: 37844793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are extensively used in human and veterinary medicine. Due to their partial removal by wastewater treatment plants, they are frequent environmental contaminants, particularly in drinking water. Here, we investigated the adverse outcomes of chronic exposure to mixtures of NSAIDs (ibuprofen, 2hydroxy-ibuprofen, diclofenac) and EE2 at two environmentally relevant doses in drinking water, on the reproductive organ development and fertility in F1-exposed male and female mice and in their F2 offspring. In male and female F1 mice, which were exposed to these mixtures, reproductive organ maturation, estrous cyclicity, and spermiogenesis were altered. These defects were observed also in F2 animals, in addition to some specific sperm parameter alterations in F2 males. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression patterns and associated pathways implicated in testis and ovarian physiology. Chronic exposure of mice to NSAID and EE2 mixtures at environmental doses intergenerationally affected male and female fertility (i.e. total number of pups and time between litters). Our study provides new insights into the adverse effects of these pharmaceuticals on the reproductive health and will facilitate the implementation of a future regulatory environmental risk assessment of NSAIDs and EE2 for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Philibert
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Carèmeau, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| | - Isabelle Stévant
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | - Stéphanie Déjardin
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mélissa Girard
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Eli Sellem
- Research and Development Department, Allice, Biology of Reproduction, INRA Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Quentin Durix
- IExplore-RAM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
| | - Aurélie Messager
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | - Xavier Mialhe
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alain Pruvost
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour La Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Francis Poulat
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Développement et Pathologie de La Gonade, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Beil J, Perner J, Pfaller L, Gérard MA, Piaia A, Doelemeyer A, Wasserkrug Naor A, Martin L, Piequet A, Dubost V, Chibout SD, Moggs J, Terranova R. Unaltered hepatic wound healing response in male rats with ancestral liver injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6353. [PMID: 37816736 PMCID: PMC10564731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that ancestral environmental exposure could result in adaptive inherited effects in mammals has been long debated. Numerous rodent models of transgenerational responses to various environmental factors have been published but due to technical, operational and resource burden, most still await independent confirmation. A previous study reported multigenerational epigenetic adaptation of the hepatic wound healing response upon exposure to the hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in male rats. Here, we comprehensively investigate the transgenerational effects by repeating the original CCl4 multigenerational study with increased power, pedigree tracing, F2 dose-response and suitable randomization schemes. Detailed pathology evaluations do not support adaptive phenotypic suppression of the hepatic wound healing response or a greater fitness of F2 animals with ancestral liver injury exposure. However, transcriptomic analyses identified genes whose expression correlates with ancestral liver injury, although the biological relevance of this apparent transgenerational transmission at the molecular level remains to be determined. This work overall highlights the need for independent evaluation of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance paradigms in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Beil
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lena Pfaller
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lori Martin
- Novartis, Biomedical Research, East-Hanover, NJ, USA
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Mason W, Levin AM, Buhl K, Ouchi T, Parker B, Tan J, Ashammakhi N, Jones LR. Translational Research Techniques for the Facial Plastic Surgeon: An Overview. Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39:466-473. [PMID: 37339663 DOI: 10.1055/a-2113-5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) is an incredibly diverse, multispecialty field that seeks innovative and novel solutions for the management of physical defects on the head and neck. To aid in the advancement of medical and surgical treatments for these defects, there has been a recent emphasis on the importance of translational research. With recent technological advancements, there are now a myriad of research techniques that are widely accessible for physician and scientist use in translational research. Such techniques include integrated multiomics, advanced cell culture and microfluidic tissue models, established animal models, and emerging computer models generated using bioinformatics. This study discusses these various research techniques and how they have and can be used for research in the context of various important diseases within the field of FPRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mason
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katherine Buhl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Takahiro Ouchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bianca Parker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jessica Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan
| | - Lamont R Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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6
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Liao J, Song S, Gusscott S, Fu Z, VanderKolk I, Busscher BM, Lau KH, Brind’Amour J, Szabó PE. Establishment of paternal methylation imprint at the H19/Igf2 imprinting control region. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2050. [PMID: 37672574 PMCID: PMC10482337 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulator model explains the workings of the H19 and Igf2 imprinted domain in the soma, where insulation of the Igf2 promoter from its enhancers occurs by CTCF in the maternally inherited unmethylated chromosome but not the paternally inherited methylated allele. The molecular mechanism that targets paternal methylation imprint establishment to the imprinting control region (ICR) in the male germline is unknown. We tested the function of prospermatogonia-specific broad low-level transcription in this process using mouse genetics. Paternal imprint establishment was abnormal when transcription was stopped at the entry point to the ICR. The germline epimutation persisted into the paternal allele of the soma, resulting in reduced Igf2 in fetal organs and reduced fetal growth, consistent with the insulator model and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)'s role as fetal growth factor. These results collectively support the role of broad low-level transcription through the H19/Igf2 ICR in the establishment of its paternal methylation imprint in the male germ line, with implications for Silver-Russell syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liao
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sangmin Song
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Samuel Gusscott
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S, Canada
| | - Zhen Fu
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Ivan VanderKolk
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Kin H. Lau
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Julie Brind’Amour
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S, Canada
| | - Piroska E. Szabó
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Kurihara C, Kuniyoshi KM, Rehan VK. Preterm Birth, Developmental Smoke/Nicotine Exposure, and Life-Long Pulmonary Sequelae. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040608. [PMID: 37189857 DOI: 10.3390/children10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This review delineates the main pulmonary issues related to preterm birth, perinatal tobacco/nicotine exposure, and its effects on offspring, focusing on respiratory health and its possible transmission to subsequent generations. We review the extent of the problem of preterm birth, prematurity-related pulmonary effects, and the associated increased risk of asthma later in life. We then review the impact of developmental tobacco/nicotine exposure on offspring asthma and the significance of transgenerational pulmonary effects following perinatal tobacco/nicotine exposure, possibly via its effects on germline epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kurihara
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katherine M Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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8
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Švorcová J. Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Traumatic Experience in Mammals. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:120. [PMID: 36672861 PMCID: PMC9859285 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen an increasing amount of evidence pointing to the existence of a non-genetic heredity of the effects of events such as separation from parents, threat to life, or other traumatising experiences such as famine. This heredity is often mediated by epigenetic regulations of gene expression and may be transferred even across several generations. In this review, we focus on studies which involve transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI), with a short detour to intergenerational studies focused on the inheritance of trauma or stressful experiences. The reviewed studies show a plethora of universal changes which stress exposure initiates on multiple levels of organisation ranging from hormonal production and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation all the way to cognition, behaviour, or propensity to certain psychiatric or metabolic disorders. This review will also provide an overview of relevant methodology and difficulties linked to implementation of epigenetic studies. A better understanding of these processes may help us elucidate the evolutionary pathways which are at work in the course of emergence of the diseases and disorders associated with exposure to trauma, either direct or in a previous generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Švorcová
- Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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New evidence for deleterious effects of environmental contaminants on the male gamete. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106886. [PMID: 34774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The decreasing trend in human and domestic animal fertility in recent decades has resulted in the question of whether reduced sperm quality is associated with changes in global climate and the environment. Proposed causes for reduced sperm quality include environmental contaminants, which enter into the body of animals through the food chain and are transported to the reproductive tract, where contaminating agents can have effects on fertilization capacities of gametes. In this review, there is a focus on various environmental contaminants and potential effects on male fertility. Human-derived contaminants, particularly endocrine-disrupting phthalates and the pesticide atrazine, are discussed. Naturally occurring toxins are also addressed, in particular mycotoxins such as aflatoxin which can be components in food consumed by humans and animals. Mechanisms by which environmental contaminants reduce male fertility are not clearly defined; however, are apparently multifactorial (i.e., direct and indirect effects) with there being diverse modes of action. Results from studies with humans, rodents and domestic animals indicate there are deleterious effects of contaminants on male gametes at various stages of spermatogenesis (i.e., in the testis) during passage through the epididymis, and in mature spermatozoa, after ejaculation and during capacitation. Considering there is never detection of a single contaminant, this review addresses synergistic or additive effects of combinations of contaminants. There is new evidence highlighted for the long-lasting effects of environmental contaminants on spermatozoa and developing embryos. Understanding the risk associated with environmental contaminants for animal reproduction may lead to new management strategies, thereby improving reproductive processes.
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Lecante LL, Gaye B, Delbes G. Impact of in Utero Rat Exposure to 17Alpha-Ethinylestradiol or Genistein on Testicular Development and Germ Cell Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:893050. [PMID: 35722060 PMCID: PMC9201280 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.893050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the decline in male fertility is believed to partially result from environmental exposures to xenoestrogens during critical developmental windows, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Experimental in utero exposures in rodents have demonstrated the negative impact of xenoestrogens on reproductive development, long-term adult reproductive function and offspring health. In addition, transcriptomic studies have demonstrated immediate effects on gene expression in fetal reproductive tissues, However, the immediate molecular effects on the developing germ cells have been poorly investigated. Here, we took advantage of a transgenic rat expressing the green fluorescent protein specifically in germ cells allowing purification of perinatal GFP-positive germ cells. Timed-pregnant rats were exposed to ethinylestradiol (EE2, 2 μg/kg/d), genistein (GE, 10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle by gavage, from gestational days (GD) 13–19; testes were sampled at GD20 or post-natal (PND) 5 for histological analysis and sorting of GFP-positive cells. While EE2-exposed females gained less weight during treatment compared to controls, neither treatment affected the number of pups per litter, sex ratio, anogenital distance, or body and gonadal weights of the offspring. Although GE significantly decreased circulating testosterone at GD20, no change was observed in either testicular histology or germ cell and sertoli cell densities. Gene expression was assessed in GFP-positive cells using Affymetrix Rat Gene 2.0 ST microarrays. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05; fold change 1.5) identified expression changes of 149 and 128 transcripts by EE2 and GE respectively at GD20, and 287 and 207 transcripts at PND5, revealing an increased effect after the end of treatment. Only about 1% of DEGs were common to both stages for each treatment. Functional analysis of coding DEG revealed an overrepresentation of olfactory transduction in all groups. In parallel, many non-coding RNAs were affected by both treatments, the most represented being small nucleolar and small nuclear RNAs. Our data suggest that despite no immediate toxic effects, fetal exposure to xenoestrogens can induce subtle immediate changes in germ cell gene expression. Moreover, the increased number of DEGs between GD20 and PND5 suggests an effect of early exposures with latent impact on later germ cell differentiation.
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11
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Delbes G, Blázquez M, Fernandino JI, Grigorova P, Hales BF, Metcalfe C, Navarro-Martín L, Parent L, Robaire B, Rwigemera A, Van Der Kraak G, Wade M, Marlatt V. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112040. [PMID: 34509487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, evidence has emerged that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have an impact on reproductive health. An increased frequency of reproductive disorders has been observed worldwide in both wildlife and humans that is correlated with accidental exposures to EDCs and their increased production. Epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted the consequences of early exposures and the existence of key windows of sensitivity during development. Such early in life exposures can have an immediate impact on gonadal and reproductive tract development, as well as on long-term reproductive health in both males and females. Traditionally, EDCs were thought to exert their effects by modifying the endocrine pathways controlling reproduction. Advances in knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination, differentiation and gonadal development in fish and rodents have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of early exposure to EDCs on reproduction. In this manuscript, we review the key developmental stages sensitive to EDCs and the state of knowledge on the mechanisms by which model EDCs affect these processes, based on the roadmap of gonad development specific to fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Delbes
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Canada.
| | - M Blázquez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - B F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Metcalfe
- School of Environment, Trent University, Trent, Canada
| | - L Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Parent
- Université TELUQ, Montréal, Canada
| | - B Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Rwigemera
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Canada
| | - G Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - V Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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12
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Robaire B, Delbes G, Head JA, Marlatt VL, Martyniuk CJ, Reynaud S, Trudeau VL, Mennigen JA. A cross-species comparative approach to assessing multi- and transgenerational effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112063. [PMID: 34562476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of chemicals have been identified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in vertebrate species. Most studies of EDCs have focused on exposure of both male and female adults to these chemicals; however, there is clear evidence that EDCs have dramatic effects when mature or developing gametes are exposed, and consequently are associated with in multigenerational and transgenerational effects. Several publications have reviewed such actions of EDCs in subgroups of species, e.g., fish or rodents. In this review, we take a holistic approach synthesizing knowledge of the effects of EDCs across vertebrate species, including fish, anurans, birds, and mammals, and discuss the potential mechanism(s) mediating such multi- and transgenerational effects. We also propose a series of recommendations aimed at moving the field forward in a structured and coherent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Geraldine Delbes
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica A Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vicki L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, Université. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Lite C, Raja GL, Juliet M, Sridhar VV, Subhashree KD, Kumar P, Chakraborty P, Arockiaraj J. In utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, maternal factors and alterations in the epigenetic landscape underlying later-life health effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103779. [PMID: 34843942 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Widespread persistence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has mandated the need to study their potential effects on an individual's long-term health after both acute and chronic exposure periods. In this review article a particular focus is given on in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models which resulted in altered epigenetic programming and transgenerational effects in the offspring causing disrupted reproductive and metabolic phenotypes. The literature to date establishes the impact of transgenerational effects of EDCs potentially associated with epigenetic mediated mechanisms. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic programming and it's regulation in mammals, primarily focusing on the epigenetic plasticity and susceptibility to exogenous hormone active chemicals during the early developmental period. Further, we have also in depth discussed the epigenetic alterations associated with the exposure to selected EDCs such as Bisphenol A (BPA), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and vinclozlin upon in utero exposure especially in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Lite
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melita Juliet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasisht Varsh Sridhar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Mohajer N, Joloya EM, Seo J, Shioda T, Blumberg B. Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of the Effects of Obesogen Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:787580. [PMID: 34975759 PMCID: PMC8716683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.787580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have become a worldwide pandemic affecting millions of people. Although obesity is a multifaceted disease, there is growing evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis, which proposes that exposure to a subset of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), known as obesogens, promotes obesity. While these effects can be observed in vitro using cell models, in vivo and human epidemiological studies have strengthened this hypothesis. Evidence from animal models showed that the effects of obesogen exposure can be inherited transgenerationally through at least the F4 generation. Transgenerational effects of EDC exposure predispose future generations to undesirable phenotypic traits and diseases, including obesity and related metabolic disorders. The exact mechanisms through which phenotypic traits are passed from an exposed organism to their offspring, without altering the primary DNA sequence, remain largely unknown. Recent research has provided strong evidence suggesting that a variety of epigenetic mechanisms may underlie transgenerational inheritance. These include differential DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone retention, the expression and/or deposition of non-coding RNAs and large-scale alterations in chromatin structure and organization. This review highlights the most recent advances in the field of epigenetics with respect to the transgenerational effects of environmental obesogens. We highlight throughout the paper the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence for proposed mechanisms underlying transgenerational inheritance and why none of these is sufficient to fully explain the phenomenon. We propose that changes in higher order chromatin organization and structure may be a plausible explanation for how some disease predispositions are heritable through multiple generations, including those that were not exposed. A solid understanding of these possible mechanisms is essential to fully understanding how environmental exposures can lead to inherited susceptibility to diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erika M. Joloya
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jeongbin Seo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Toshi Shioda
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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15
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Iqbal K, Pierce SH, Kozai K, Dhakal P, Scott RL, Roby KF, Vyhlidal CA, Soares MJ. Evaluation of Placentation and the Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway in a Rat Model of Dioxin Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117001. [PMID: 34747641 PMCID: PMC8574979 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our environment is replete with chemicals that can affect embryonic and extraembryonic development. Dioxins, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are compounds affecting development through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of TCDD exposure on pregnancy and placentation and to evaluate roles for AHR and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in TCDD action. METHODS Actions of TCDD were examined in wild-type and genome-edited rat models. Placenta phenotyping was assessed using morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. RESULTS TCDD exposures were shown to result in placental adaptations and at higher doses, pregnancy termination. Deep intrauterine endovascular trophoblast cell invasion was a prominent placentation site adaptation to TCDD. TCDD-mediated placental adaptations were dependent upon maternal AHR signaling but not upon placental or fetal AHR signaling nor the presence of a prominent AHR target, CYP1A1. At the placentation site, TCDD activated AHR signaling within endothelial cells but not trophoblast cells. Immune and trophoblast cell behaviors at the uterine-placental interface were guided by the actions of TCDD on endothelial cells. DISCUSSION We identified an AHR regulatory pathway in rats activated by dioxin affecting uterine and trophoblast cell dynamics and the formation of the hemochorial placenta. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Stephen H. Pierce
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Keisuke Kozai
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Regan L. Scott
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Katherine F. Roby
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Carrie A. Vyhlidal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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16
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Schuller A, Bellini C, Jenkins TG, Eden M, Matz J, Oakes J, Montrose L. Simulated Wildfire Smoke Significantly Alters Sperm DNA Methylation Patterns in a Murine Model. TOXICS 2021; 9:199. [PMID: 34564350 PMCID: PMC8473101 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires are now a common feature of the western US, increasing in both intensity and number of acres burned over the last three decades. The effects of this changing wildfire and smoke landscape are a critical public and occupational health issue. While respiratory morbidity due to smoke exposure is a priority, evaluating the molecular underpinnings that explain recent extrapulmonary observations is necessary. Here, we use an Apoe-/- mouse model to investigate the epigenetic impact of paternal exposure to simulated wildfire smoke. We demonstrate that 40 days of exposure to smoke from Douglas fir needles induces sperm DNA methylation changes in adult mice. DNA methylation was measured by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and varied significantly in 3353 differentially methylated regions, which were subsequently annotated to 2117 genes. The differentially methylated regions were broadly distributed across the mouse genome, but the vast majority (nearly 80%) were hypermethylated. Pathway analyses, using gene-derived and differentially methylated region-derived gene ontology terms, point to a number of developmental processes that may warrant future investigation. Overall, this study of simulated wildfire smoke exposure suggests paternal reproductive risks are possible with prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schuller
- Department of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.B.); (M.E.); (J.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Timothy G. Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Matthew Eden
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.B.); (M.E.); (J.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.B.); (M.E.); (J.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Jessica Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.B.); (M.E.); (J.M.); (J.O.)
| | - Luke Montrose
- Department of Public Health and Population Science, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
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17
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18
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Tando Y, Hiura H, Takehara A, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Arima T, Matsui Y. Epi-mutations for spermatogenic defects by maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. eLife 2021; 10:70322. [PMID: 34319233 PMCID: PMC8318585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental factors during fetal development may lead to epigenomic modifications in fetal germ cells, altering gene expression and promoting diseases in successive generations. In mouse, maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is known to induce defects in spermatogenesis in successive generations, but the mechanism(s) of impaired spermatogenesis are unclear. Here, we showed that maternal DEHP exposure results in DNA hypermethylation of promoters of spermatogenesis-related genes in fetal testicular germ cells in F1 mice, and hypermethylation of Hist1h2ba, Sycp1, and Taf7l, which are crucial for spermatogenesis, persisted from fetal testicular cells to adult spermatogonia, resulting in the downregulation of expression of these genes. Forced methylation of these gene promoters silenced expression of these loci in a reporter assay. These results suggested that maternal DEHP exposure-induced hypermethylation of Hist1h2ba, Sycp1, and Taf7l results in downregulation of these genes in spermatogonia and subsequent defects in spermatogenesis, at least in the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tando
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Robles-Matos N, Artis T, Simmons RA, Bartolomei MS. Environmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Influences Genomic Imprinting, Growth, and Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1153. [PMID: 34440327 PMCID: PMC8393470 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that results in monoallelic, parent-of-origin-specific expression of a small number of genes. Imprinted genes play a crucial role in mammalian development as their dysregulation result in an increased risk of human diseases. DNA methylation, which undergoes dynamic changes early in development, is one of the epigenetic marks regulating imprinted gene expression patterns during early development. Thus, environmental insults, including endocrine disrupting chemicals during critical periods of fetal development, can alter DNA methylation patterns, leading to inappropriate developmental gene expression and disease risk. Here, we summarize the current literature on the impacts of in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on genomic imprinting and metabolism in humans and rodents. We evaluate how early-life environmental exposures are a potential risk factor for adult metabolic diseases. We also introduce our mouse model of phthalate exposure. Finally, we describe the potential of genomic imprinting to serve as an environmental sensor during early development and as a novel biomarker for postnatal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Robles-Matos
- Epigenetics Institute, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-122 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Tre Artis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1308 Biomedical Research Building II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Marisa S. Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 9-122 Smilow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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20
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Xiao J, Gao Y, Yu Y, Toft G, Zhang Y, Luo J, Xia Y, Chawarska K, Olsen J, Li J, Liew Z. Associations of parental birth characteristics with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in their offspring: a population-based multigenerational cohort study in Denmark. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:485-495. [PMID: 33411909 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal exposure risk factors are associated with increased autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. New hypotheses regarding multigenerational risk for ASD have been proposed, but epidemiological evidence is largely lacking. We evaluated whether parental birth characteristics, including preterm birth and low birthweight, were associated with ASD risk in offspring. METHODS We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study that included 230 174 mother-child and 157 926 father-child pairs in Denmark. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for offspring ASD according to parental preterm (<37 weeks) and low birthweight (<2500 g) status, with or without adjustment for certain grandmaternal sociodemographic factors. Mediation analyses were performed for selected parental and offspring health-related factors. RESULTS Offspring of mothers or fathers with adverse birth characteristics had about 31-43% higher risk for ASD (maternal preterm birth, OR = 1.31, 95% CI= 1.12, 1.55; maternal low birthweight, OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17,1.57; paternal preterm birth, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.73; paternal low birthweight, OR = 1.38, 95% CI= 1.13, 1.70). Parents born very preterm (<32 weeks) marked a nearly 2-fold increase in ASD risk in their children. These associations were slightly attenuated upon adjustment for grandmaternal sociodemographic factors. Mediation analyses suggested that parental social-mental and offspring perinatal factors might explain a small magnitude of the total effect observed, especially for maternal birth characteristic associations. CONCLUSIONS Offspring of parents born with adverse characteristics had an elevated risk for ASD. Transmission of ASD risk through maternal and paternal factors should be considered in future research on ASD aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Toft
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuntian Xia
- Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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Zhang FL, Kong L, Zhao AH, Ge W, Yan ZH, Li L, De Felici M, Shen W. Inflammatory cytokines as key players of apoptosis induced by environmental estrogens in the ovary. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111225. [PMID: 33971129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic environmental estrogens (EEs), interfering with the physiological functions of the body's estrogens, are widespread and are rising much concern for their possible deleterious effects on human and animal health, in particular on reproduction. In fact, increasing evidence indicate that EEs can be responsible for a variety of disfunctions of the reproductive system especially in females such as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Because of their great structural diversity, the modes of action of EEs are controversial. One important way through which EEs exert their effects on reproduction is the induction of apoptosis in the ovary. In general, EEs can exert pro-and anti-apoptotic effects by agonizing or antagonizing numerous estrogen-dependent signaling pathways. In the present work, results concerning apoptotic pathways and diseases induced by representative EEs (such as zearalenone, bisphenol A and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), in ovaries throughout development are presented into an integrated network. By reviewing and elaborating these studies, we propose inflammatory factors, centered on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a major cause of the induction of apoptosis by EEs in the mammalian ovary. As a consequence, potential strategies to prevent such EE effect are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Li Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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22
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Wang JJ, Tian Y, Li MH, Feng YQ, Kong L, Zhang FL, Shen W. Single-cell transcriptome dissection of the toxic impact of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on primordial follicle assembly. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4992-5009. [PMID: 33754040 PMCID: PMC7978297 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Accumulated evidence indicates that environmental plasticizers are a threat to human and animal fertility. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer to which humans are exposed daily, can trigger reproductive toxicity by acting as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. In mammals, the female primordial follicle pool forms the lifetime available ovarian reserve, which does not undergo regeneration once it is established during the fetal and neonatal period. It is therefore critical to examine the toxicity of DEHP regarding the establishment of the ovarian reserve as it has not been well investigated. Methods: The ovarian cells of postnatal pups, following maternal DEHP exposure, were prepared for single cell-RNA sequencing, and the effects of DEHP on primordial follicle formation were revealed using gene differential expression analysis and single-cell developmental trajectory. In addition, further biochemical experiments, including immunohistochemical staining, apoptosis detection, and Western blotting, were performed to verify the dataset results. Results: Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed the gene expression dynamics of female germ cells and granulosa cells following exposure to DEHP in mice. Regarding germ cells: DEHP impeded the progression of follicle assembly and interfered with their developmental status, while key genes such as Lhx8, Figla, and others, strongly evidenced the reduction. As for granulosa cells: DEHP likely inhibited their proliferative activity, and activated the regulation of cell death. Furthermore, the interaction between ovarian cells mediated by transforming growth factor-beta signaling, was disrupted by DEHP exposure, since the expression of GDF9, BMPR1A, and SMAD3 was affected. In addition, DNA damage and apoptosis were elevated in germ cells and/or somatic cells. Conclusion: These findings offer substantial novel insights into the reproductive toxicity of DEHP exposure during murine germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. These results may enhance the understanding of DEHP exposure on reproductive health.
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23
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Lombó M, Herráez P. The effects of endocrine disruptors on the male germline: an intergenerational health risk. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1243-1262. [PMID: 33660399 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is becoming one of the major concerns of society. Among the emerging contaminants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a large group of toxicants, have been the subject of many scientific studies. Besides the capacity of these compounds to interfere with the endocrine system, they have also been reported to exert both genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects. Given that spermatogenesis is a coordinated process that requires the involvement of several steroid hormones and that entails deep changes in the chromatin, such as DNA compaction and epigenetic remodelling, it could be affected by male exposure to EDCs. A great deal of evidence highlights that these compounds have detrimental effects on male reproductive health, including alterations to sperm motility, sexual function, and gonad development. This review focuses on the consequences of paternal exposure to such chemicals for future generations, which still remain poorly known. Historically, spermatozoa have long been considered as mere vectors delivering the paternal haploid genome to the oocyte. Only recently have they been understood to harbour genetic and epigenetic information that plays a remarkable role during offspring early development and long-term health. This review examines the different modes of action by which the spermatozoa represent a key target for EDCs, and analyses the consequences of environmentally induced changes in sperm genetic and epigenetic information for subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombó
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Puerta de Hierro 18, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León, 24071, Spain
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Liao J, Zeng TB, Pierce N, Tran DA, Singh P, Mann JR, Szabó PE. Prenatal correction of IGF2 to rescue the growth phenotypes in mouse models of Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108729. [PMID: 33567274 PMCID: PMC7968144 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are imprinting disorders manifesting as aberrant fetal growth and severe postnatal-growth-related complications. Based on the insulator model, one-third of BWS cases and two-thirds of SRS cases are consistent with misexpression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), an important facilitator of fetal growth. We propose that the IGF2-dependent BWS and SRS cases can be identified by prenatal diagnosis and can be prevented by prenatal intervention targeting IGF2. We test this hypothesis using our mouse models of IGF2-dependent BWS and SRS. We find that genetically normalizing IGF2 levels in a double rescue experiment corrects the fetal overgrowth phenotype in the BWS model and the growth retardation in the SRS model. In addition, we pharmacologically rescue the BWS growth phenotype by reducing IGF2 signaling during late gestation. This animal study encourages clinical investigations to target IGF2 for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal prevention in human BWS and SRS. Liao et al. use mouse models to test a prenatal approach for correcting growth anomalies in two imprinting diseases, BWS and SRS. They find that cases where the fetal growth factor IGF2 is misregulated can be diagnosed, and growth can be corrected by prenatally adjusting IGF2 or its signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liao
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Tie-Bo Zeng
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Nicholas Pierce
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Diana A Tran
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Purnima Singh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Mann
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Piroska E Szabó
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Abstract
A battery of chromatin modifying enzymes play essential roles in remodeling the epigenome in the zygote and cleavage stage embryos, when the maternal genome is the sole contributor. Here we identify an exemption. DOT1L methylates lysine 79 in the globular domain of histone H3 (H3K79). Dot1l is an essential gene, as homozygous null mutant mouse embryos exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities and die before 11.5 days of gestation. To test if maternally deposited DOT1L is required for embryo development, we carried out a conditional Dot1l knockout in growing oocytes using the Zona pellucida 3-Cre (Zp3-Cre) transgenic mice. We found that the resulting maternal mutant Dot1lmat−/+ offspring displayed normal development and fertility, suggesting that the expression of the paternally inherited copy of Dot1l in the embryo is sufficient to support development. In addition, Dot1l maternal deletion did not affect the parental allele-specific expression of imprinted genes, indicating that DOT1L is not needed for imprint establishment in the oocyte or imprint protection in the zygote. In summary, uniquely and as opposed to other histone methyltransferases and histone marks, maternal DOT1L deposition and H3K79 methylation in the zygote and in the preimplantation stage embryo is dispensable for mouse development.
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Deichmann U. The social construction of the social epigenome and the larger biological context. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:37. [PMID: 32967714 PMCID: PMC7510271 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics researchers in developmental, cell, and molecular biology greatly diverge in their understanding and definitions of epigenetics. In contrast, social epigeneticists, e.g., sociologists, scholars of STS, and behavioural scientists, share a focus and definition of epigenetics that is environmentally caused and trans-generationally inherited. This article demonstrates that this emphasis on the environment and on so-called Lamarckian inheritance, in addition to other factors, reflects an interdisciplinary power struggle with genetics, in which epigenetics appears to grant the social sciences a higher epistemic status. Social scientists' understanding of epigenetics, thus, appears in part to be socially constructed, i.e., the result of extra-scientific factors, such as social processes and the self-interest of the discipline. This article argues that social epigeneticists make far-reaching claims by selecting elements from research labelled epigenetics in biology while ignoring widely confirmed scientific facts in genetics and cell biology, such as the dependence of epigenetic marks on DNA sequence-specific events, or the lack of evidence for the lasting influence of the environment on epigenetic marks or the epigenome. Moreover, they treat as a given crucial questions that are far from resolved, such as what role, if any, DNA methylation plays in the complex biochemical system of regulating gene activity. The article also points out incorrect perceptions and media hypes among biological epigeneticists and calls attention to an apparent bias among scientific journals that prefer papers that promote transgenerational epigenetic inheritance over articles that critique it. The article concludes that while research labelled epigenetics contributes significantly to our knowledge about chromatin and the genome, it does not, as is often claimed, rehabilitate Lamarck or overthrow the fundamental biological principles of gene regulation, which are based on specific regulatory sequences of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Deichmann
- Jacques Loeb Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel.
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Liu J, Yu C, Doherty TM, Akbari O, Allard P, Rehan VK. Perinatal nicotine exposure-induced transgenerational asthma: Effects of reexposure in F1 gestation. FASEB J 2020; 34:11444-11459. [PMID: 32654256 PMCID: PMC7839813 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902386r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In a rat model, perinatal nicotine exposure results in an epigenetically driven multi- and trans-generationally transmitted asthmatic phenotype that tends to wane over successive generations. However, the effect of repeat nicotine exposure during the F1 (Filial 1) gestational period on the transmitted phenotype is unknown. Using a well-established rat model, we compared lung function, mesenchymal markers of airway reactivity, and global gonadal DNA methylation changes in F2 offspring in a sex-specific manner following perinatal exposure to nicotine in only the F0 gestation, in both F0 and F1 (F0/F1) gestations, and in neither (control group). Both F0 only and F0/F1 exposure groups showed an asthmatic phenotype, an effect that was more pronounced in the F0/F1 exposure group, especially in males. Testicular global DNA methylation increased, while ovarian global DNA methylation decreased in the F0/F1 exposed group. Since the offspring of smokers are more likely to smoke than the offspring of nonsmokers, this sets the stage for more severe asthma if both mother and grandmother had smoked during their pregnancies. Increased gonadal DNA methylation changes following nicotine reexposure in the F1 generation suggests that epigenetic mechanisms might well underlie the transgenerational inheritance of acquired phenotypic traits in general and nicotine-induced asthma in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics/Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Celia Yu
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Terence M. Doherty
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Allard
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics/Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Society and Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bhandari RK, Wang X, Saal FSV, Tillitt DE. Transcriptome analysis of testis reveals the effects of developmental exposure to bisphenol a or 17α-ethinylestradiol in medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105553. [PMID: 32622090 PMCID: PMC7387123 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can induce abnormalities in organisms via alteration of molecular pathways and subsequent disruption of endocrine functions. Bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are ubiquitous EDCs in the environment. Many aquatic organisms, including fish, are often exposed to varying concentrations of BPA and EE2 throughout their lifespan. Both BPA and EE2 can activate estrogenic signaling pathways and cause adverse effects on reproduction via alteration of pathways associated with steroidogenesis. However, transcriptional pathways that are affected by chronic exposure to these two ubiquitous environmental estrogens during embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages are not clearly understood. In the present study, we examined transcriptional alterations in the testis of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) chronically exposed to a low concentration of BPA or EE2. Medaka were exposed to BPA (10 μg/L) or EE2 (0.01 μg/L) from 8 h post-fertilization (as embryos) to adulthood 50 days post fertilization (dpf), and transcriptional alterations in the testis were examined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Transcriptomic profiling revealed 651 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BPA-exposed and control testes, while 1475 DEGs were found between EE2-exposed and control testes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed a significant enrichment of "intracellular receptor signaling pathway", "response to steroid hormone" and "hormone-mediated signaling pathway" in the BPA-induced DEGs, and of "cilium organization", "microtubule-based process" and "organelle assembly" in the EE2-induced DEGs. Pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of "integrin signaling pathway" in both treatment groups, and of "cadherin signaling pathway", "Alzheimer disease-presenilin pathway" in EE2-induced DEGs. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (Indel) analysis found no significant differences in mutation rates with either BPA or EE2 treatments. Taken together, global gene expression differences in testes of medaka during early stages of gametogenesis were responsive to chronic BPA and EE2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji K Bhandari
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; United States Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, United States.
| | - Xuegeng Wang
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- United States Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
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29
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Murphy PJ, Guo J, Jenkins TG, James ER, Hoidal JR, Huecksteadt T, Broberg DS, Hotaling JM, Alonso DF, Carrell DT, Cairns BR, Aston KI. NRF2 loss recapitulates heritable impacts of paternal cigarette smoke exposure. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008756. [PMID: 32520939 PMCID: PMC7307791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is associated with increased risk of behavioral disorders and cancer in offspring, but the mechanism has not been identified. Here we use mouse models to investigate mechanisms and impacts of paternal CS exposure. We demonstrate that CS exposure induces sperm DNAme changes that are partially corrected within 28 days of removal from CS exposure. Additionally, paternal smoking is associated with changes in prefrontal cortex DNAme and gene expression patterns in offspring. Remarkably, the epigenetic and transcriptional effects of CS exposure that we observed in wild type mice are partially recapitulated in Nrf2-/- mice and their offspring, independent of smoking status. Nrf2 is a central regulator of antioxidant gene transcription, and mice lacking Nrf2 consequently display elevated oxidative stress, suggesting that oxidative stress may underlie CS-induced heritable epigenetic changes. Importantly, paternal sperm DNAme changes do not overlap with DNAme changes measured in offspring prefrontal cortex, indicating that the observed DNAme changes in sperm are not directly inherited. Additionally, the changes in sperm DNAme associated with CS exposure were not observed in sperm of unexposed offspring, suggesting the effects are likely not maintained across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Timothy G. Jenkins
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Emma R. James
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - John R. Hoidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Salt Lake VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Thomas Huecksteadt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine and Salt Lake VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Dallin S. Broberg
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - James M. Hotaling
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - David F. Alonso
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Douglas T. Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bradley R. Cairns
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
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30
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Dutta S, Haggerty DK, Rappolee DA, Ruden DM. Phthalate Exposure and Long-Term Epigenomic Consequences: A Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32435260 PMCID: PMC7218126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid which are used in cosmetics and other daily personal care products. They are also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics to increase durability and plasticity. Phthalates are not present in plastics by covalent bonds and thus can easily leach into the environment and enter the human body by dermal absorption, ingestion, or inhalation. Several in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that phthalates can act as endocrine disruptors and cause moderate reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, phthalates can pass through the placental barrier and affect the developing fetus. Thus, phthalates have ubiquitous presence in food and environment with potential adverse health effects in humans. This review focusses on studies conducted in the field of toxicogenomics of phthalates and discusses possible transgenerational and multigenerational effects caused by phthalate exposure during any point of the life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Reproductive Stress, Inc., Grosse Pointe Farms, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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31
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Wang X, Bhandari RK. The dynamics of DNA methylation during epigenetic reprogramming of primordial germ cells in medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Epigenetics 2020; 15:483-498. [PMID: 31851575 PMCID: PMC7188396 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1695341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of eggs and sperm. How the PGCs epigenetically reprogram during early embryonic development in fish is currently unknown. Here we generated a series of PGC methylomes using whole genome bisulfite sequencing across key stages from 8 days post fertilization (dpf) to 25 dpf coinciding with germ cell sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation in medaka (Oryzias latipes) to elucidate the dynamics of DNA methylation during epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells. Our high-resolution DNA methylome maps show a global demethylation taking place in medaka PGCs in a two-step strategy. The first step occurs between the blastula and 8-dpf stages, and the second step occurs between the 10-dpf and 12-dpf stages. Both demethylation processes are global, except for CGI promoters which remain hypomethylated throughout the stage of PGC specification. De novo methylation proceeded at 25-dpf stage with the process in male germ cells superseding female germ cells. Gene expression analysis showed that tet2 maintains high levels of expression during the demethylation stage, while dnmt3ba expression increases during the de novo methylation stage during sexual fate determination in germ cells. The present results suggest that medaka PGCs undergo a bi-phasic epigenetic reprogramming process. Global erasure of DNA methylation marks peaks at 15-dpf and de novo methylation in male germ cells takes precedence over female germ cells at 25 dpf. Results also provide important insights into the developmental window of susceptibility to environmental stressors for multi- and trans-generational health outcomes in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ramji Kumar Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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32
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Baxter FA, Drake AJ. Non-genetic inheritance via the male germline in mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180118. [PMID: 30966887 PMCID: PMC6460076 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies in humans and in animal models have demonstrated that exposure to adverse environmental conditions in early life results in long-term structural and functional changes in an organism, increasing the risk of cardiometabolic, neurobehavioural and reproductive disorders in later life. Such effects are not limited to the first generation offspring but may be transmitted to a second or a number of subsequent generations, through non-genomic mechanisms. While the transmission of ‘programmed’ effects through the maternal line could occur as a consequence of multiple influences, for example, altered maternal physiology, the inheritance of effects through the male line is more difficult to explain and there is much interest in a potential role for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which induced effects may be transmitted through the paternal lineage, with a particular focus on the role of epigenetic inheritance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye A Baxter
- 1 Royal Hospital for Sick Children , 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF , UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- 1 Royal Hospital for Sick Children , 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh EH9 1LF , UK.,2 University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ , UK
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33
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Egusquiza RJ, Blumberg B. Environmental Obesogens and Their Impact on Susceptibility to Obesity: New Mechanisms and Chemicals. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa024. [PMID: 32067051 PMCID: PMC7060764 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has reached an all-time high, and this increase is observed worldwide. There is a growing need to understand all the factors that contribute to obesity to effectively treat and prevent it and associated comorbidities. The obesogen hypothesis proposes that there are chemicals in our environment termed obesogens that can affect individual susceptibility to obesity and thus help explain the recent large increases in obesity. This review discusses current advances in our understanding of how obesogens act to affect health and obesity susceptibility. Newly discovered obesogens and potential obesogens are discussed, together with future directions for research that may help to reduce the impact of these pervasive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riann Jenay Egusquiza
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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34
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Escher J, Ford LD. General anesthesia, germ cells and the missing heritability of autism: an urgent need for research. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa007. [PMID: 32704384 PMCID: PMC7368377 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Agents of general anesthesia (GA) are commonly employed in surgical, dental and diagnostic procedures to effectuate global suppression of the nervous system, but in addition to somatic targets, the subject's germ cells-from the embryonic primordial stage to the mature gametes-may likewise be exposed. Although GA is generally considered safe for most patients, evidence has accumulated that various compounds, in particular the synthetic volatile anesthetic gases (SVAGs) such as sevoflurane, can exert neurotoxic, genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects, with adverse consequences for cellular and genomic function in both somatic and germline cells. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence demonstrating that GA, and in particular, SVAGs, may in some circumstances adversely impact the molecular program of germ cells, resulting in brain and behavioral pathology in the progeny born of the exposed cells. Further, we exhort the medical and scientific communities to undertake comprehensive experimental and epidemiological research programs to address this critical gap in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Correspondence address. Escher Fund for Autism, 1590 Calaveras Avenue, San Jose, CA 95126, USA. E-mail:
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35
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Chung FFL, Herceg Z. The Promises and Challenges of Toxico-Epigenomics: Environmental Chemicals and Their Impacts on the Epigenome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:15001. [PMID: 31950866 PMCID: PMC7015548 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been estimated that a substantial portion of chronic and noncommunicable diseases can be caused or exacerbated by exposure to environmental chemicals. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that early life exposure to environmental chemicals at relatively low concentrations could have lasting effects on individual and population health. Although the potential adverse effects of environmental chemicals are known to the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the public, little is known about the mechanistic basis by which these chemicals can induce long-term or transgenerational effects. To address this question, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the potential link between genetic and environmental factors of health and disease. OBJECTIVES We present an overview of epigenetic regulation and a summary of reported evidence of environmental toxicants as epigenetic disruptors. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using epigenetic biomarkers as an indicator of toxicant exposure, using measures that can be taken to improve risk assessment, and our perspectives on the future role of epigenetics in toxicology. DISCUSSION Until recently, efforts to apply epigenomic data in toxicology and risk assessment were restricted by an incomplete understanding of epigenomic variability across tissue types and populations. This is poised to change with the development of new tools and concerted efforts by researchers across disciplines that have led to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and comprehensive maps of epigenomic variation. With the foundations now in place, we foresee that unprecedented advancements will take place in the field in the coming years. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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36
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Ben Maamar M, King SE, Nilsson E, Beck D, Skinner MK. Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of parent-of-origin allelic transmission of outcross pathology and sperm epimutations. Dev Biol 2019; 458:106-119. [PMID: 31682807 PMCID: PMC6987017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance potentially impacts disease etiology, phenotypic variation, and evolution. An increasing number of environmental factors from nutrition to toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease. Previous observations have demonstrated that the agricultural fungicide vinclozolin and pesticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) induce transgenerational sperm epimutations involving DNA methylation, ncRNA, and histone modifications or retention. These two environmental toxicants were used to investigate the impacts of parent-of-origin outcross on the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease. Male and female rats were collected from a paternal outcross (POC) or a maternal outcross (MOC) F4 generation control and exposure lineages for pathology and epigenetic analysis. This model allows the parental allelic transmission of disease and epimutations to be investigated. There was increased pathology incidence in the MOC F4 generation male prostate, kidney, obesity, and multiple diseases through a maternal allelic transmission. The POC F4 generation female offspring had increased pathology incidence for kidney, obesity and multiple types of diseases through the paternal allelic transmission. Some disease such as testis or ovarian pathology appear to be transmitted through the combined actions of both male and female alleles. Analysis of the F4 generation sperm epigenomes identified differential DNA methylated regions (DMRs) in a genome-wide analysis. Observations demonstrate that DDT and vinclozolin have the potential to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and sperm epimutations to the outcross F4 generation in a sex specific and exposure specific manner. The parent-of-origin allelic transmission observed appears similar to the process involved with imprinted-like genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millissia Ben Maamar
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Stephanie E King
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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Kelsey KT, Rytel M, Dere E, Butler R, Eliot M, Huse SM, Houseman EA, Koestler DC, Boekelheide K. Serum dioxin and DNA methylation in the sperm of operation ranch hand veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Environ Health 2019; 18:91. [PMID: 31665024 PMCID: PMC6819394 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War was widespread and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. A continuing concern of veterans is the possibility that exposure to the dioxin-containing herbicide might induce adverse reproductive outcomes. We sought to assess whether exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam was associated with changes in DNA methylation in sperm in a subset of Vietnam veterans who participated in the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). METHODS We studied 37 members of the AFHS chosen to have no, low, medium or high exposure to Agent Orange, based upon serum dioxin levels obtained during a series of examinations. DNA from stored semen was extracted and DNA methylation assessed on the Illumina 450 K platform. RESULTS Initial epigenome-wide analysis returned no loci that survived control for false discovery. However, the TEAD3 gene had four different CpG sites that showed loss of DNA methylation associated with dioxin exposure. Analysis assessing regional DNA methylation changes revealed 36 gene regions, including the region of the imprinted gene H19 to have altered DNA methylation associated with high exposure compared to the low exposure group. Additional comparison of our data with sperm DNA methylation data from Russian boys exposed to dioxin found an additional 5 loci that were altered in both studies and exhibited a consistent direction of association. CONCLUSIONS Studying a small number of sperm samples from veterans enrolled in the AFHS, we did not find evidence of significant epigenome-wide alterations associated with exposure to Agent Orange. However, additional analysis showed that the H19 gene region is altered in the sperm of Agent Orange-exposed Ranch Hand veterans. Our study also replicated several findings of a prior study of dioxin-exposed Russian boys. These results provide additional candidate loci for further investigation and may have implications for the reproductive health of dioxin-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Matthew Rytel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Rondi Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Susan M. Huse
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701 USA
| | | | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Transgenerational impairment of ovarian induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) associated with Igf2 and H19 in adult female rat. Toxicology 2019; 428:152311. [PMID: 31629011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenze-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of representive Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), has potential adverse effects on human health. Direct exposure to TCDD has been implicated in ovarian follicles development and functions deficits in adulthood. However, it is rarely reported whether indirect exposure to TCDD can cause similar negative impact on F3. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of ancestral TCDD exposure on ovarian toxicity in offspring rats (F3), focusing on the Igf2/H19 pathway which was important for follicular development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats (F0) were given with either vehicle or TCDD (100 or 500 ng/kg BW/day) by gavages during days 8-14 of gestation. Ovarian development and functions of F3 generation was assessed using the ovary coefficient, the vaginal opening time, and regularity of estrous cycle, ovarian pathology, follicles counts and apoptosis of granular cells. The level of E2, FSH and LH in the serum was also detected. Results showed that in the F3 generation 500 ng/kg BW/day TCDD group, ovarian coefficient, LH concentration in serum and number of primary follicles were decreased, and the apoptosis of granular cells was significantly increased. The abnormal rate of estrous cycle and advance rate of vaginal opening time displayed a significantly increase in TCDD-treated groups. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of H19 mRNA in ovary of TCDD treated F3 female rats was increased, compared to the control. Our data showed that ancestral TCDD exposure may impair transgenerational adult ovary development and functions, which may be related to an inhibition of the Igf2/H19 pathway in the ovarian.
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39
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Kuniyoshi KM, Rehan VK. The impact of perinatal nicotine exposure on fetal lung development and subsequent respiratory morbidity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1270-1283. [PMID: 31580538 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy remains as a significant public health crisis as it did decades ago. Although its prevalence is decreasing in high-income countries, it has worsened globally, along with a concerning emergence of electronic-cigarette usage within the last two decades. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental evidence exists from both human and animal studies, demonstrating the detrimental long-term pulmonary outcomes in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Even secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure to the developing lung might be as or even more harmful than firsthand smoke exposure. Furthermore, these effects are not limited only to the exposed progeny, but can also be transmitted transgenerationally. There is compelling evidence to support that the majority of the effects of perinatal smoke exposure on the developing lung, including the transgenerational transmission of asthma, is mediated by nicotine. Nicotine exposure induces cell-specific molecular changes in lungs, which offers a unique opportunity to prevent, halt, and/or reverse the resultant damage through targeted molecular interventions. Experimentally, the proposed interventions, such as administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists can not only block but also potentially reverse the perinatal nicotine exposure-induced respiratory morbidity in the exposed offspring. However, the development of a safe and effective intervention is still many years away. In the meantime, electropuncture at specific acupoints appears to be emerging as a more practical and safe physiologic approach to block the harmful pulmonary consequences of perinatal nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kuniyoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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40
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Zhang X, Ji M, Tan X, Yu K, Xu L, Chen G, Yu Z. Role of epigenetic regulation of Igf2 and H19 in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced ovarian toxicity in offspring rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Germ cell-mediated mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:116-122. [PMID: 31404658 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that lifestyle and other environmental factors have the potential to shape our own health and future. Research from the last two decades, however, provides mounting evidence that parental exposures or experiences such as dietary challenges, toxin exposure, or stress can impact the health and future of our offspring. There are indications that both the paternal and maternal germline are able to store information of the parental environment and pass certain information on to their progeny. These intergenerational effects are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes and discusses insights into germline epigenetic plasticity caused by environmental stimuli and how such alterations are transmitted to induce a stable phenotype in the offspring.
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42
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Rossitto M, Ollivier M, Déjardin S, Pruvost A, Brun C, Marchive C, Nguyen AL, Ghettas A, Keime C, de Massy B, Poulat F, Philibert P, Boizet-Bonhoure B. In utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen leads to intergenerational accelerated reproductive aging in female mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:310. [PMID: 31428698 PMCID: PMC6692356 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen (APAP), are frequently taken during pregnancy, even in combination. However, they can favour genital malformations in newborn boys and reproductive disorders in adults. Conversely, the consequences on postnatal ovarian development and female reproductive health after in utero exposure are unknown. Here, we found that in mice, in utero exposure to therapeutic doses of the APAP-ibuprofen combination during sex determination led to delayed meiosis entry and progression in female F1 embryonic germ cells. Consequently, follicular activation was reduced in postnatal ovaries through the AKT/FOXO3 pathway, leading in F2 animals to subfertility, accelerated ovarian aging with abnormal corpus luteum persistence, due to decreased apoptosis and increased AKT-mediated luteal cell survival. Our study suggests that administration of these drugs during the critical period of sex determination could lead in humans to adverse effects that might be passed to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moïra Rossitto
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Margot Ollivier
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Service de Chirurgie et Urologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie CHU Montpellier, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Développement Génital, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Déjardin
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Pruvost
- Service de Pharmacologie et d’Immunoanalyse (SPI), plateforme SMArt-MS, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Brun
- Meiosis and Recombination, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Marchive
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anvi Laetitia Nguyen
- Service de Pharmacologie et d’Immunoanalyse (SPI), plateforme SMArt-MS, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Ghettas
- Service de Pharmacologie et d’Immunoanalyse (SPI), plateforme SMArt-MS, CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Céline Keime
- IGBMC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg/INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Meiosis and Recombination, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francis Poulat
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Philibert
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Boizet-Bonhoure
- Development and Pathology of the Gonad, IGH, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Lee MK, Blumberg B. Transgenerational effects of obesogens. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125 Suppl 3:44-57. [PMID: 30801972 PMCID: PMC6708505 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated disorders are now a global pandemic. The prevailing clinical model for obesity is overconsumption of calorie-dense food and diminished physical activity (the calories in-calories out model). However, this explanation does not account for numerous recent research findings demonstrating that a variety of environmental factors can be superimposed on diet and exercise to influence the development of obesity. The environmental obesogen model proposes that exposure to chemical obesogens during in utero and/or early life can strongly influence later predisposition to obesity. Obesogens are chemicals that inappropriately stimulate adipogenesis and fat storage, in vivo either directly or indirectly. Numerous obesogens have been identified in recent years and some of these elicit transgenerational effects on obesity as well as a variety of health end-points after exposure of pregnant F0 females. Prenatal exposure to environmental obesogens can produce lasting effects on the exposed animals and their offspring to at least the F4 generation. Recent results show that some of these transgenerational effects of obesogen exposure can be carried across the generations via alterations in chromatin structure and accessibility. That some chemicals can have permanent effects on the offspring of exposed animals suggests increased caution in the debate about whether and to what extent exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesogens should be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kira Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 BioSci
3, University of California, Irvine, CA 926970-2300
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, 2011 BioSci
3, University of California, Irvine, CA 926970-2300
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, University of California,
Irvine
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Skinner MK, Nilsson E, Sadler-Riggleman I, Beck D, Ben Maamar M, McCarrey JR. Transgenerational sperm DNA methylation epimutation developmental origins following ancestral vinclozolin exposure. Epigenetics 2019; 14:721-739. [PMID: 31079544 PMCID: PMC6557599 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1614417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of environmental factors from nutrition to toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and phenotypic variation. This requires alterations in the germline (sperm or egg) epigenome. Previously, the agricultural fungicide vinclozolin was found to promote the transgenerational inheritance of sperm differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) termed epimutations that help mediate this epigenetic inheritance. The current study was designed to investigate the developmental origins of the transgenerational DMRs during gametogenesis. Male control and vinclozolin lineage F3 generation rats were used as a source of embryonic day 13 (E13) primordial germ cells, embryonic day 16 (E16) prospermatogonia, postnatal day 10 (P10) spermatogonia, adult pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, caput epididymal spermatozoa, and caudal sperm. The DMRs between the control versus vinclozolin lineage samples were determined for each developmental stage. The top 100 statistically significant DMRs for each stage were compared. The developmental origins of the caudal epididymal sperm DMRs were assessed. The chromosomal locations and genomic features of the different stage DMRs were investigated. In addition, the DMR associated genes were identified. Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in the DMRs of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Interestingly, the majority of the DMRs identified in the current study for the caudal sperm originated during the spermatogenic process in the testis. A cascade of epigenetic alterations initiated in the PGCs appears to be required to alter the epigenetic programming during spermatogenesis to modify the sperm epigenome involved in the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Skinner
- a Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- a Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman
- a Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- a Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Millissia Ben Maamar
- a Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - John R McCarrey
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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45
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Gore AC, Krishnan K, Reilly MP. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Effects on neuroendocrine systems and the neurobiology of social behavior. Horm Behav 2019; 111:7-22. [PMID: 30476496 PMCID: PMC6527472 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A contribution to SBN/ICN special issue. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are pervasive in the environment. They are found in plastics and plasticizers (bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates), in industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and include some pesticides and fungicides such as vinclozolin. These chemicals act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the developing brain is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormones, disruptions by EDCs can change neural circuits that form during periods of brain organization. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs affect developing hypothalamic neuroendocrine systems, and change behavioral outcomes in juvenile, adolescent, and adult life in exposed individuals, and even in their descendants. Our focus is on social, communicative and sociosexual behaviors, as how an individual behaves with a same- or opposite-sex conspecific determines that individual's ability to exist in a community, be selected as a mate, and reproduce successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Krittika Krishnan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael P Reilly
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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46
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Abstract
Epigenetic information refers to heritable changes in gene expression that occur without modifications at the DNA sequence level. These changes are orchestrated by different epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of noncoding RNAs. Epigenetic information regulates chromatin structure to confer cell-specific gene expression.The sperm epigenome is the result of three periods of global resetting during men's life. Germ cell epigenome reprogramming is designed to allow cell totipotency and to prevent the transmission of epimutations via spermatozoa. At the end of these reprogramming events, the sperm epigenome has a very specific epigenetic pattern that is a footprint of past reprogramming events and has an influence on embryo development.Several data demonstrate that not all regions of the epigenome are erased during the reprogramming periods, suggesting the transmission of epigenetic information from fathers to offspring via spermatozoa. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that the sperm epigenome is sensitive to environmental factors during the process of gamete differentiation, suggesting the plasticity of the sperm epigenetic signature according to the circumstances of the individual's life.In this chapter, we provided strong evidences about the association between variations of the sperm epigenome and the exposure to environmental factors. Moreover, we will present data about how epigenetic mechanisms are candidates for transferring paternal environmental information to offspring.
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47
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Blumberg B. Current Research Approaches and Challenges in the Obesogen Field. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:167. [PMID: 30967838 PMCID: PMC6438851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that also contributes to the increased incidence of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Increased obesity is generally ascribed to positive energy balance. However, recent findings suggest that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as obesogens during critical windows of development, may play an important role in the current obesity trends. Several experimental approaches, from in vitro cell cultures to transgenerational in vivo studies, are used to better understand the mechanisms of action of obesogens, each of which contributes to answer different questions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in the obesogen field and the existing tools developed in research laboratories using tributyltin as a model obesogen. By understanding the advantages and limitations of each of these tools, we will better focus and design experimental approaches that will help expanding the obesogen field with the objective of finding potential therapeutic targets in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg
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Dietrich K, Baumgart J, Eshkind L, Reuter L, Gödtel-Armbrust U, Butt E, Musheev M, Marini F, More P, Grosser T, Niehrs C, Wojnowski L, Mathäs M. Health-Relevant Phenotypes in the Offspring of Mice Given CAR Activators Prior to Pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1827-1835. [PMID: 30154105 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic induction in response to drugs and environmental chemicals affects drug therapies and energy metabolism. We investigated whether the induction is transmitted to the offspring. We injected 3-day- and 6-week-old F0 female mice with TCPOBOP, an activator of the nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3), and mated them 1-6 weeks afterward. We detected in the offspring long-lasting alterations of CAR-mediated drug disposition, energy metabolism, and lipid profile. The transmission to the first filial generation (F1) was mediated by TCPOBOP transfer from the F0 adipose tissue via milk, as revealed by embryo transfer, crossfostering experiments, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The important environmental pollutant PCB153 activated CAR in the F1 generation in a manner similar to TCPOBOP. Our findings indicate that chemicals accumulating and persisting in adipose tissue may exert liver-mediated, health-relevant effects on F1 offspring simply via physical transmission in milk. Such effects may occur even if treatment has been terminated far ahead of conception. This should be considered in assessing developmental toxicity and in the long-term follow-up of offspring of mothers exposed to both approved and investigational drugs, and to chemicals with known or suspected accumulation in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dietrich
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Leonid Eshkind
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Lea Reuter
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Ute Gödtel-Armbrust
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Elke Butt
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Michael Musheev
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Piyush More
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Tanja Grosser
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Leszek Wojnowski
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
| | - Marianne Mathäs
- Department of Pharmacology (K.D., L.R., U.G.-A., P.M., T.G., L.W., M.Ma.) and Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (F.M.), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Translational Animal Research Center (J.B., L.E.), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Experimental Biomedicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (E.B.); Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany (M.Mu., C.N.); and Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (C.N.)
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A critical view on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2973. [PMID: 30061690 PMCID: PMC6065375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance refers to the transmission of epigenetic information through the germline. While it has been observed in plants, nematodes and fruit flies, its occurrence in mammals-and humans in particular-is the matter of controversial debate, mostly because the study of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is confounded by genetic, ecological and cultural inheritance. In this comment, I discuss the phenomenon of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and the difficulty of providing conclusive proof for it in experimental and observational studies.
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Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic in adults as well as children and adds greatly to health care costs through its association with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. The prevailing medical view of obesity is that it results from a simple imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. However, numerous other factors are important in the etiology of obesity. The obesogen hypothesis proposes that environmental chemicals termed obesogens promote obesity by acting to increase adipocyte commitment, differentiation, and size by altering metabolic set points or altering the hormonal regulation of appetite and satiety. Many obesogens are endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with normal endocrine regulation. Endocrine disrupting obesogens are abundant in our environment, used in everyday products from food packaging to fungicides. In this review, we explore the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis, as well as the gaps in our knowledge that are currently preventing a complete understanding of the extent to which obesogens contribute to the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Program on Endocrine Disruption Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, California 94924, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
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