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Ortiz Cano HG, Hadfield R, Gomez T, Hultine K, Mata Gonzalez R, Petersen SL, Hansen NC, Searcy MT, Stetler J, Cervantes Mendívil T, Burchfield D, Park P, Stewart JR. Ecological-niche modeling reveals current opportunities for Agave dryland farming in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona, USA. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279877. [PMID: 36662880 PMCID: PMC9858763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, humans occupying arid regions of North America have maintained an intricate relationship with Agave (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae). Today Agave cultivation, primarily for beverage production, provides an economic engine for rural communities throughout Mexico. Among known dryland-farming methods, the use of rock piles and cattle-grazed areas stand out as promising approaches for Agave cultivation. Identifying new cultivation areas to apply these approaches in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico warrants a geographic assessment of areas outside the known ranges of rock piles and grasslands. The objective of this study was to predict areas for dryland-farming of Agave and develop models to identify potential areas for Agave cultivation. We used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) ecological-niche-modeling algorithms to predict suitable areas for Agave dryland farming. The model was parameterized using occurrence records of Hohokam rock piles in Arizona and grassland fields cultivated with Agave in Sonora. Ten environmental-predictor variables were used in the model, downloaded from the WorldClim 2 climate database. The model identified potential locations for using rock piles as dryland-farming methods from south-central Arizona to northwestern Sonora. The Agave-grassland model indicated that regions from central to southern Sonora have the highest potential for cultivation of Agave, particularly for the species Agave angustifolia. Results suggest that there are many suitable areas where rock piles can be used to cultivate Agave in the Sonoran Desert, particularly in the border of southeastern Arizona and northwest Sonora. Likewise, cattle-grazing grasslands provide a viable environment for cultivating Agave in southern Sonora, where the expanding bacanora-beverage industry continues to grow and where different Agave products (e.g., syrups, fructans, saponins, and medicinal compounds) can potentially strengthen local economies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hadfield
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Teresa Gomez
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Mata Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Neil C. Hansen
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Searcy
- Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jason Stetler
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Teodoro Cervantes Mendívil
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Pilman Park
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J. Ryan Stewart
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
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2
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Singh RS, Singh T, Hassan M, Larroche C. Biofuels from inulin-rich feedstocks: A comprehensive review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126606. [PMID: 34974098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels are considered as a pre-eminent alternate to fossil fuels to meet the demand of future energy supply in a sustainable manner. Conventionally, they are produced from lignocellulosic raw materials. Saccharification of lignocellulosic raw materials for bioethanol production is a cumbersome process as compared to inulin-rich feedstocks. Various inulin-rich feedstocks, viz. jerusalem artichoke, chicory, dahlia, asparagus sp., etc. has also been exploited for the production of biofuels, viz. bioethanol, acetone, butanol, etc. The ubiquitous availability of inulin-rich feedstocks and presence of large amount of inulin makes them a robust substrate for biofuels production. Different strategies, viz. separate hydrolysis and fermentation, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and consolidated bioprocessing have been explored for the conversion of inulin-rich feedstocks into biofuels. These bioprocess strategies are simple and efficient. The present review elaborates the prospective of inulin-rich feedstocks for biofuels production. Bioprocess strategies exploited for the conversion of inulin-rich feedstocks have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India.
| | - Taranjeet Singh
- Carbohydrate and Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- U.S. - Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Christian Larroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR, CNRS 6602, and Labex, IMobS3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026, CS 60026, F-63178 Aubiere Cedex, France
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3
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Elucidation of native California Agave americana and Agave deserti biofuel potential: Compositional analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252201. [PMID: 34043690 PMCID: PMC8158902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because biofuels have the unique potential to be rapidly deployed in existing transportation fuel infrastructures, they should play a major role in helping California quickly meet its aggressive goals to substantially reduce greenhouse gas contributions by this major sector. Furthermore, energy crops are vital to significantly impact the State’s large and burgeoning need for sustainable fuels. Among crops amenable to be grown in California to support fuel production, agave pose a particularly promising prospect, given their drought tolerance and high productivity on marginal land in a State prone to drought and limited water resources. This study focuses on measuring compositional profiles of wild A. deserti and cultivated A. americana, two agaves native to California, to elucidate their potential for biological conversion to fuels that can help meet the huge State need for low-carbon transportation. Results from this study indicate that these two California agave species can be rich in fructans, ranging from 96–314 g/L of equivalent fructose and glucose in their leaf bases. In addition, structural and water-soluble sugar contents exceeding 63 wt.% show that these plants are amenable to fermentation to ethanol and other biofuels. Moreover, because the low K-lignin content of agave leaf bases bagasse of only about 12–18 wt.% suggests low recalcitrance and the negligible acid insoluble ash content should facilitate pretreatment prior to fermentations, the agave species native to the State hold considerable promise as potential biofuel feedstocks.
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4
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Pérez-Zavala MDL, Hernández-Arzaba JC, Bideshi DK, Barboza-Corona JE. Agave: a natural renewable resource with multiple applications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5324-5333. [PMID: 32535922 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agaves are a group of succulent plants that thrive in arid or semiarid environments. Indeed, genes associated with their resilience are a potential resource for genetic engineering of other agronomically important crops grown in adverse climates. Agave is mainly used for the production of distilled (spirits) and non-distilled alcoholic beverages, including tequila, mezcal, bacanora, raicilla, and pulque, all of which have special connections to Mexican history and culture, and contribute to the Mexican economy. In recent years, there has been growing interest to maximize the use of agave plant materials for other purposes, as the bulk of their biomass pre- and post-production is wasted. In traditional practice, during the passage from fields to factories, only agave cores are used, and the leaves and bagasse are not always harnessed. To place this in perspective, during the period from 2010 to 2019, 2674.7 × 106 L of tequila was produced in Mexico, which required 9 607 400 tons of agave cores. This generated approximately the same amount of leaves and 3 842 960 tons of bagasse. The economic base of agave plants can be expanded if expended biomass could be transformed into products that are useful for applications in food, forage, ensilage, agriculture, medicine, energy, environment, textiles, cosmetics, and esthetics. This review focuses on the current utility of agave plants, as well as our perspective for future studies and uses of this formidable plant. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma de Lourdes Pérez-Zavala
- Universidad Iberoamericana Campus León, León, Mexico
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Agronomía, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Dennis K Bideshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - José E Barboza-Corona
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Posgrado en Biociencias, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Universidad de Guanajuato Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Agronomía, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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5
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Kam J, Thomas D, Pierre S, Ashman C, McCalmont JP, Purdy SJ. A new carbohydrate retaining variety of Miscanthus increases biogas methane yields compared to
M x giganteus
and narrows the yield advantage of maize. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kam
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | - David Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | - Chris Ashman
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
| | - Jon P. McCalmont
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceExeter University Exeter UK
| | - Sarah J. Purdy
- The University of SydneyI.A Watson Grains Research Institute Narrabri NSW Australia
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6
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Jones AM, Zhou Y, Held MA, Davis SC. Tissue Composition of Agave americana L. Yields Greater Carbohydrates From Enzymatic Hydrolysis Than Advanced Bioenergy Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32595656 PMCID: PMC7300260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Agave americana L. is a highly productive, drought-tolerant species being investigated as a feedstock for biofuel production. Some Agave spp. yield crop biomass in semi-arid conditions that are comparable to C3 and C4 crops grown in areas with high rainfall. This study evaluates the bioethanol yield potential of A. americana by (1) examining the relationship between water use efficiency (WUE) and plant carbohydrates, (2) quantifying the carbohydrate and energy content of the plant tissue, and (3) comparing the products of enzymatic hydrolysis to that of other candidate feedstocks (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and Panicum virgatum L.). Results indicate that (1) WUE does not significantly affect soluble and insoluble (i.e., structural) carbohydrate composition per unit mass in A. americana; (2) without pretreatment, A. americana biomass had the lowest gross heat of combustion, or higher heating/calorific value, compared to high yielding C4 crops; and (3) after separation of soluble carbohydrates, A. americana cellulosic biomass was most easily hydrolyzed by enzymes with greater sugar yield per unit mass compared to the other biomass feedstocks. These results indicate that A. americana can produce substantial yields of soluble carbohydrates with minimal water inputs required for cultivation, and fiber portions of the crop can be readily deconstructed by cellulolytic enzymes for subsequent biochemical fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Jones
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Sarah C. Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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7
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Niechayev NA, Jones AM, Rosenthal DM, Davis SC. A model of environmental limitations on production of Agave americana L. grown as a biofuel crop in semi-arid regions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6549-6559. [PMID: 30597061 PMCID: PMC6883261 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants that use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) have the potential to meet growing agricultural resource demands using land that is considered unsuitable for many common crop species. Agave americana L., an obligate CAM plant, has potential as an advanced biofuel crop in water-limited regions, and has greater cold tolerance than other high-yielding CAM species, but physiological tolerances have not been completely resolved. We developed a model to estimate the growth responses of A. americana to water input, temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The photosynthetic response to PAR was determined experimentally by measuring the integrated leaf gas exchange over 24 h after acclimation to six light levels. Maximum CO2 fixation rates were observed at a PAR intensity of 1250 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Growth responses of A. americana to water and temperature were also determined, and a monthly environmental productivity index (EPI) was derived that can be used to predict biomass growth. The EPI was calculated as the product of water, temperature, and light indices estimated for conditions at a site in Maricopa (Arizona), and compared with measured biomass at the same site (where the first field trial of A. americana as a crop was completed). The monthly EPI summed over the lifetime of multi-year crops was highly correlated with the average measured biomass of healthy 2- and 3-year-old plants grown in the field. The resulting relationship between EPI and biomass provides a simple model for estimating the production of A. americana at a monthly time step according to light, temperature, and precipitation inputs, and is a useful tool for projecting the potential geographic range of this obligate CAM species in future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Niechayev
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alexander M Jones
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - David M Rosenthal
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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8
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Pérez-Pimienta JA, Icaza-Herrera JPA, Méndoza-Pérez JA, González-Álvarez V, Méndez-Acosta HO, Arreola-Vargas J. Mild reaction conditions induce high sugar yields during the pretreatment of Agave tequilana bagasse with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:78-85. [PMID: 30579104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequential 2k factorial and central composite designs were used to optimize Agave tequilana bagasse (ATB) pretreatment by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]). Reaction time, temperature and solids loading were the studied factors while sugar yield was the response variable. Results indicated that optimal conditions (119 °C, 142 min) using high solids loading (30%) were achieved at lower temperatures and reaction times than those previously reported in the literature. It was also revealed that solid recovery after pretreatment with [Emim][OAc] is a key factor. The increase in enzymatic digestibility of pretreated ATB was correlated to a decrease in crystallinity and lower lignin content as observed using microscopy techniques and weaken chemical bonds by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Yields of glucose and xylose in the hydrolysate were 41.3, and 13.0 kg per 100 kg of untreated ATB, which are equivalent to glucan and xylan conversions of 75.9% and 82.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José P A Icaza-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Méndoza-Pérez
- Department of Engineering in Environmental Systems, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor González-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo O Méndez-Acosta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI-Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge Arreola-Vargas
- División de Procesos Industriales, Universidad Tecnológica de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Tamayo‐Ordóñez MC, Ayil‐Gutiérrez BA, Tamayo‐Ordóñez YJ, Rodríguez‐Zapata LC, Monforte‐González M, De la Cruz‐Arguijo EA, García‐Castillo MJ, Sánchez‐Teyer LF. Review and in silico analysis of fermentation, bioenergy, fiber, and biopolymer genes of biotechnological interest in
Agave
L. for genetic improvement and biocatalysis. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1314-1334. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Tamayo‐Ordóñez
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - B. A. Ayil‐Gutiérrez
- CONACYT‐ Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña Reynosa 88710 Mexico
| | - Y. J. Tamayo‐Ordóñez
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - L. C. Rodríguez‐Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - M. Monforte‐González
- Unidad de Bioquímica Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - E. A. De la Cruz‐Arguijo
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro, s/n, Esq. Elías Piña Reynosa 88710 Mexico
| | - M. J. García‐Castillo
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
| | - L. F. Sánchez‐Teyer
- Unidad de Biotecnología. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP. 97200, Mérida Yucatán Mexico
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10
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Liu D, Palla KJ, Hu R, Moseley RC, Mendoza C, Chen M, Abraham PE, Labbé JL, Kalluri UC, Tschaplinski TJ, Cushman JC, Borland AM, Tuskan GA, Yang X. Perspectives on the basic and applied aspects of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) research. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:394-401. [PMID: 30080627 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to public concerns about the decreasing supply of blue water and increasing heat and drought stress on plant growth caused by urbanization, increasing human population and climate change, interest in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a specialized type of photosynthesis enhancing water-use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance, has increased markedly. Significant progress has been achieved in both basic and applied research in CAM plants since the beginning of this century. Here we provide a brief overview of the current status of CAM research, and discuss future needs and opportunities in a wide range of areas including systems biology, synthetic biology, and utilization of CAM crops for human benefit, with a focus on the following aspects: 1) application of genome-editing technology and high-throughput phenotyping to functional genomics research in model CAM species and genetic improvement of CAM crops, 2) challenges for multi-scale metabolic modeling of CAM systems, 3) opportunities and new strategies for CAM pathway engineering to enhance WUE and drought tolerance in C3 (and C4) photosynthesis crops, 4) potential of CAM species as resources for food, feed, natural products, pharmaceuticals and biofuels, and 5) development of CAM crops for ecological and aesthetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Liu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Palla
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA; The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rongbin Hu
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Robert C Moseley
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA; The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christopher Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Paul E Abraham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jessy L Labbé
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Udaya C Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | | | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Anne M Borland
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA; The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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11
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Duarte EAA, Damasceno CL, de Oliveira TAS, Barbosa LDO, Martins FM, de Queiroz Silva JR, de Lima TEF, da Silva RM, Kato RB, Bortolini DE, Azevedo V, Góes-Neto A, Soares ACF. Putting the Mess in Order: Aspergillus welwitschiae (and Not A. niger) Is the Etiological Agent of Sisal Bole Rot Disease in Brazil. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1227. [PMID: 29942289 PMCID: PMC6004399 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% of the worldwide production of hard natural fibers originates from sisal, an industrial crop from arid and semiarid tropical regions. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sisal fiber, accounting for more than 40% of the worldwide production, and sisal bole rot disease has been the main phytosanitary problem of this crop. All previous studies reporting Aspergillus niger as the causal agent of the disease were based on the morphological features of fungal isolates from infected plant tissues in pure cultures. Black aspergilli are one of the most complex and difficult groups to classify and identify. Therefore, we performed an integrative analysis of this disease based on the isolation of black aspergilli from the endospheres and soils in the root zones of symptomatic adult plants, in vivo pathogenicity tests, histopathology of symptomatic plants, and molecular phylogeny and worldwide genetic variability of the causal agent. All sisal isolates were pathogenic and unequivocally produced symptoms of bole rot disease in healthy plants. In all tree-based phylogenetic methods used, a monophyletic group formed by A. welwitschiae along with all sisal isolates was retrieved. Ten A. welwitschiae haplotypes have been identified in the world, and three occur in the largest sisal-producing area. Most of the isolates are from a unique haplotype, present in only the sisal-producing region. A. welwitschiae destroyed parenchymatic and vascular cylinder cells and induced the necrosis of internal stem tissues. Therefore, sisal bole disease is probably the consequence of a saprotrophic fungus that opportunistically invades sisal plants and behaves as a typical necrotrophic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A A Duarte
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Caroline L Damasceno
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), State University of Feira of Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Thiago A S de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira of Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Barbosa
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Fabiano M Martins
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Jurema Rosa de Queiroz Silva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Thais E F de Lima
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Silva
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Kato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dener E Bortolini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C F Soares
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Reconcavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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12
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Sugar release and growth of biofuel crops are improved by downregulation of pectin biosynthesis. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:249-257. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Flores-Gómez CA, Escamilla Silva EM, Zhong C, Dale BE, da Costa Sousa L, Balan V. Conversion of lignocellulosic agave residues into liquid biofuels using an AFEX™-based biorefinery. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:7. [PMID: 29371883 PMCID: PMC5769373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agave-based alcoholic beverage companies generate thousands of tons of solid residues per year in Mexico. These agave residues might be used for biofuel production due to their abundance and favorable sustainability characteristics. In this work, agave leaf and bagasse residues from species Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana were subjected to pretreatment using the ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) process. The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a response surface design methodology. We also identified commercial enzyme mixtures that maximize sugar yields for AFEX-pretreated agave bagasse and leaf matter, at ~ 6% glucan (w/w) loading enzymatic hydrolysis. Finally, the pretreated agave hydrolysates (at a total solids loading of ~ 20%) were used for ethanol fermentation using the glucose- and xylose-consuming strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A (LNH-ST), to determine ethanol yields at industrially relevant conditions. RESULTS Low-severity AFEX pretreatment conditions are required (100-120 °C) to enable efficient enzymatic deconstruction of the agave cell wall. These studies showed that AFEX-pretreated A. tequilana bagasse, A. tequilana leaf fiber, and A. salmiana bagasse gave ~ 85% sugar conversion during enzyme hydrolysis and over 90% metabolic yields of ethanol during fermentation without any washing step or nutrient supplementation. On the other hand, although lignocellulosic A. salmiana leaf gave high sugar conversions, the hydrolysate could not be fermented at high solids loadings, apparently due to the presence of natural inhibitory compounds. CONCLUSIONS These results show that AFEX-pretreated agave residues can be effectively hydrolyzed at high solids loading using an optimized commercial enzyme cocktail (at 25 mg protein/g glucan) producing > 85% sugar conversions and over 40 g/L bioethanol titers. These results show that AFEX technology has considerable potential to convert lignocellulosic agave residues to bio-based fuels and chemicals in a biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Flores-Gómez
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Celaya, Av. Tecnológico S/N, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
- Department of Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Roque, Km 8 Carretera Celaya-J. Rosas, 38110 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Eleazar M. Escamilla Silva
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, I. T. Celaya, Av. Tecnológico S/N, 38010 Celaya, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce E. Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 3815 Technology Boulevard, Lansing, MI 48910 USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823 USA
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Engineering Technology, School of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA
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14
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Pérez-Pimienta JA, Vargas-Tah A, López-Ortega KM, Medina-López YN, Mendoza-Pérez JA, Avila S, Singh S, Simmons BA, Loaces I, Martinez A. Sequential enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of ionic liquid and organosolv pretreated agave bagasse for ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:191-198. [PMID: 27889478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agave bagasse (AGB) has gained recognition as a drought-tolerant biofuel feedstock with high productivity in semiarid regions. A comparative analysis of ionic liquid (IL) and organosolv (OV) pretreatment technologies in AGB was performed using a sequential enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SESF) strategy with cellulolytic enzymes and the ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain MS04. After pretreatment, 86% of xylan and 45% of lignin were removed from OV-AGB, whereas IL-AGB reduced lignin content by 28% and xylan by 50% when compared to the untreated biomass. High glucan (>90%) and xylan (>83%) conversion was obtained with both pretreated samples. During the fermentation stage (48h), 12.1 and 12.7kg of ethanol were produced per 100kg of untreated AGB for IL and OV, respectively. These comparative analyses showed the advantages of SESF using IL and OV in a biorefinery configuration where a better understanding of AGB recalcitrance is key for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Vargas-Tah
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Karla M López-Ortega
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicos y Farmacéuticos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Yessenia N Medina-López
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicos y Farmacéuticos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Mendoza-Pérez
- Department of Engineering in Environmental Systems, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sayeny Avila
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Inés Loaces
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico.
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15
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Hernández-Hernández HM, Chanona-Pérez JJ, Vega A, Ligero P, Farrera-Rebollo RR, Mendoza-Pérez JA, Calderón-Domínguez G, Vera NG. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Study of Peroxyformic Pulping of Agave Waste. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1084-1097. [PMID: 27786154 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The peroxyformic process is based on the action of a carboxylic acid (mainly formic acid) and the corresponding peroxyacid. The influences of processing time (60-180 min), formic acid concentration (80-95%), temperature (60-80°C), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (2-4%) on peroxyformic pulping of agave leaves were studied by surface response methodology using a face-centered factorial design. Empirical models were obtained for the prediction of yield, κ number (KN) and pulp viscosity as functions of the aforementioned variables. Mathematical optimization enabled us to select a set of operational variables that produced the best fractionation of the material with the following results: pulp yield (26.9%), KN (3.6), and pulp viscosity (777 mL/g). Furthermore, this work allowed the description and evaluation of changes to the agave fibers during the fractionation process using different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, and provided a comprehensive and qualitative view of the phenomena occurring in the delignification of agave fibers. The use of confocal and scanning electron microscopy provided a detailed understanding of the microstructural changes to the lignin and cellulose in the fibers throughout the process, whereas Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that cellulose in the pulp after treatment was mainly of type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda M Hernández-Hernández
- 1Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo,Av. Universidad Km 1,Tulancingo,C.P. 43600,Hidalgo,México
| | - Jorge J Chanona-Pérez
- 2Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n,Col. Santo Tomas,C.P. 11340,MéxicoD.F
| | - Alberto Vega
- 3Research Group EnQA,Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA),Faculty of Science,Universidade da Coruña,15071 A Coruña.Spain
| | - Pablo Ligero
- 3Research Group EnQA,Department of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA),Faculty of Science,Universidade da Coruña,15071 A Coruña.Spain
| | - Reynold R Farrera-Rebollo
- 2Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n,Col. Santo Tomas,C.P. 11340,MéxicoD.F
| | - Jorge A Mendoza-Pérez
- 4Departamento Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Wilfrido Massieu s/n U,Profesor Adolfo López Mateos,Gustavo A. Madero,C.P. 07738,MéxicoD.F
| | - Georgina Calderón-Domínguez
- 2Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n,Col. Santo Tomas,C.P. 11340,MéxicoD.F
| | - Norma Güemes Vera
- 1Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo,Av. Universidad Km 1,Tulancingo,C.P. 43600,Hidalgo,México
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16
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Avila-Gaxiola E, Avila-Gaxiola J, Velarde-Escobar O, Ramos-Brito F, Atondo-Rubio G, Yee-Rendon C. Effect of Drying Temperature on Agave tequilana
Leaves: A Pretreatment for Releasing Reducing Sugars for Biofuel Production. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Avila-Gaxiola
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Jorge Avila-Gaxiola
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Oscar Velarde-Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Francisco Ramos-Brito
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Gelacio Atondo-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
| | - Cristo Yee-Rendon
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Av. de las Américas y Blvd. Universitarios, Cd. Universitaria; Culiacán Sinaloa México
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17
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Perez-Pimienta JA, Flores-Gómez CA, Ruiz HA, Sathitsuksanoh N, Balan V, da Costa Sousa L, Dale BE, Singh S, Simmons BA. Evaluation of agave bagasse recalcitrance using AFEX™, autohydrolysis, and ionic liquid pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:216-23. [PMID: 27017132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the response of agave bagasse (AGB) to pretreatment by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™), autohydrolysis (AH) and ionic liquid (IL) was performed using 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, wet chemistry, enzymatic saccharification and mass balances. It has been found that AFEX pretreatment preserved all carbohydrates in the biomass, whereas AH removed 62.4% of xylan and IL extracted 25% of lignin into wash streams. Syringyl and guaiacyl lignin ratio of untreated AGB was 4.3, whereas for the pretreated biomass the ratios were 4.2, 5.0 and 4.7 for AFEX, AH and IL, respectively. Using NMR spectra, the intensity of β-aryl ether units in aliphatic, anomeric, and aromatic regions decreased in all three pretreated samples when compared to untreated biomass. Yields of glucose plus xylose in the major hydrolysate stream were 42.5, 39.7 and 26.9kg per 100kg of untreated AGB for AFEX, IL and AH, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Flores-Gómez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Leonardo da Costa Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, United States; Sandia National Laboratories, Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Livermore, CA, United States
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18
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Laube H, Matysik FM, Schmidberger A, Mehlmann K, Toursel A, Boden J. CE-UV/VIS and CE-MS for monitoring organic impurities during the downstream processing of fermentative-produced lactic acid from second-generation renewable feedstocks. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:7. [PMID: 27200108 PMCID: PMC4872333 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the downstream process of bio-based bulk chemicals, organic impurities, mostly residues from the fermentation process, must be separated to obtain a pure and ready-to-market chemical. In this study, capillary electrophoresis was investigated for the non-targeting downstream process monitoring of organic impurities and simultaneous quantitative detection of lactic acid during the purification process of fermentatively produced lactic acid. The downstream process incorporated 11 separation units, ranging from filtration, adsorption and ion exchange to electrodialysis and distillation, and 15 different second-generation renewable feedstocks were processed into lactic acid. The identification of organic impurities was established through spiking and the utilization of an advanced capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry system. RESULTS A total of 53 % of the organic impurities were efficiently removed via bipolar electrodialysis; however, one impurity, pyroglutamic acid, was recalcitrant to separation. It was demonstrated that the presence of pyroglutamic acid disrupts the polymerization of lactic acid into poly lactic acid. Pyroglutamic acid was present in all lactic acid solutions, independent of the type of renewable resource or the bacterium applied. Pyroglutamic acid, also known as 5-oxoproline, is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle, which is present in all living microorganisms. pyroglutamic acid is found in many proteins, and during intracellular protein metabolism, N-terminal glutamic acid and glutamine residues can spontaneously cyclize to become pyroglutamic acid. Hence, the concentration of pyroglutamic acid in the lactic acid solution can only be limited to a certain amount. CONCLUSIONS The present study proved the capillary electrophoresis system to be an important tool for downstream process monitoring. The high product concentration encountered in biological production processes did not hinder the capillary electrophoresis from separating and detecting organic impurities, even at minor concentrations. The coupling of the capillary electrophoresis with a mass spectrometry system allowed for the straightforward identification of the remaining critical impurity, pyroglutamic acid. Although 11 separation units were applied during the downstream process, the pyroglutamic acid concentration remained at 12,900 ppm, which was comparatively high. All organic impurities found were tracked by the capillary electrophoresis, allowing for further separation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Laube
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mehlmann
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Andreas Toursel
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Jana Boden
- ICA Boden-Haumann-Mainka, Engineering Society for Chemical Analysis, Langen, Hessen Germany
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19
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Direct Conversion of Carbohydrates into Ethyl Levulinate with Potassium Phosphotungstate as an Efficient Catalyst. Catalysts 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/catal5041897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Ávila-Lara AI, Camberos-Flores JN, Mendoza-Pérez JA, Messina-Fernández SR, Saldaña-Duran CE, Jimenez-Ruiz EI, Sánchez-Herrera LM, Pérez-Pimienta JA. Optimization of Alkaline and Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Agave Bagasse by Response Surface Methodology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:146. [PMID: 26442260 PMCID: PMC4585156 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added chemicals or biofuels generally requires a pretreatment process to overcome the recalcitrance of the plant biomass for further enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation stages. Two of the most employed pretreatment processes are the ones that used dilute acid (DA) and alkaline (AL) catalyst providing specific effects on the physicochemical structure of the biomass, such as high xylan and lignin removal for DA and AL, respectively. Another important effect that need to be studied is the use of a high solids pretreatment (≥15%) since offers many advantaged over lower solids loadings, including increased sugar and ethanol concentrations (in combination with a high solids saccharification), which will be reflected in lower capital costs; however, this data is currently limited. In this study, several variables, such as catalyst loading, retention time, and solids loading, were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a factorial central composite design of DA and AL pretreatment on agave bagasse using a range of solids from 3 to 30% (w/w) to obtain optimal process conditions for each pretreatment. Subsequently enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using Novozymes Cellic CTec2 and HTec2 presented as total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. Pretreated biomass was characterized by wet-chemistry techniques and selected samples were analyzed by calorimetric techniques, and scanning electron/confocal fluorescent microscopy. RSM was also used to optimize the pretreatment conditions for maximum TRS yield. The optimum conditions were determined for AL pretreatment: 1.87% NaOH concentration, 50.3 min and 13.1% solids loading, whereas DA pretreatment: 2.1% acid concentration, 33.8 min and 8.5% solids loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimael I Ávila-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit , Tepic , Mexico
| | | | - Jorge A Mendoza-Pérez
- Department of Engineering in Environmental Systems, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Claudia E Saldaña-Duran
- Cuerpo Académico de Sustentabilidad Energética, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit , Tepic , Mexico
| | | | | | - Jose A Pérez-Pimienta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit , Tepic , Mexico
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