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Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Fendri I, Smaoui S, Abdelkafi S. Tetraselmis species for environmental sustainability: biology, water bioremediation, and biofuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0. [PMID: 39060891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing demand of fossil fuels and water pollution and their environmental impacts, marine green microalgae have gained special attention in both scientific and industrial fields. This is due to their fast growth in non-arable lands with high photosynthetic activity, their metabolic plasticity, as well as their high CO2 capture capacity. Tetraselmis species, green and eukaryotic microalgae, are not only considered as a valuable source of biomolecules including pigments, lipids, and starch but also widely used in biotechnological applications. Tetraselmis cultivation for high-value biomolecules and industrial use was demonstrated to be a non-cost-effective strategy because of its low demand in nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Recently, phycoremediation of wastewater rich in nutrients, chemicals, and heavy metals has become an efficient and economic-alternative that allows the detoxification of waters and induces mechanisms in algal cells for biomolecules rich-energy synthesis to regulate their metabolic pathways. This review aims to shed light on Tetraselmis species for their different culture conditions and metabolites bioaccumulation, as well as their human health and environmental applications. Additionally, phycoremediation of contaminants associated to biofuel production in Tetraselmis cells and their different intracellular and extracellular mechanisms have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée À l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Saha S, Maji S, Ghosh SK, Maiti MK. Engineered Chlorella vulgaris improves bioethanol production and promises prebiotic application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:271. [PMID: 39030369 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass for biofuel production, integration into functional food, and feed supplementation has generated substantial interest worldwide due to its high growth rate, non-competitiveness for agronomic land, ease of cultivation in containments, and presence of several bioactive molecules. In this study, genetic engineering tools were employed to develop transgenic lines of freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris with a higher starch content, by up-regulating ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in starch biosynthesis. Expression of the Escherichia coli glgC (AGPase homolog) gene in C. vulgaris led to an increase in total carbohydrate content up to 45.1% (dry cell weight, DCW) in the transgenic line as compared to 34.2% (DCW) in the untransformed control. The starch content improved up to 16% (DCW) in the transgenic alga compared to 10% (DCW) in the control. However, the content of total lipid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll decreased differentially in the transgenic lines. The carbohydrate-rich biomass from the transgenic algal line was used to produce bioethanol via yeast fermentation, which resulted in a higher ethanol yield of 82.82 mg/L as compared to 54.41 mg/L from the untransformed control. The in vitro digestibility of the transgenic algal starch revealed a resistant starch content of up to 7% of total starch. Faster growth of four probiotic bacterial species along with a lowering of the pH of the growth medium indicated transgenic alga to exert a positive prebiotic effect. Taken together, the study documents the utilization of genetically engineered C. vulgaris with enriched carbohydrates as bioethanol feedstock and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Saha
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sachin Maji
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Cho JM, Oh YK, Lee J, Chang YK, Park WK. Development of dual strain microalgae cultivation system for the direct carbon dioxide utilization of power plant flue gas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130051. [PMID: 37995873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a biological system that allows for direct utilization of flue gas for carbon dioxide capture and utilization by microalgae. The strain Chlorella sp. ABC-001 is employed for its high growth rate as well as lipid and carbohydrate content. Toxicity tests showed that cell growth was unaffected by NO, but the presence of SO2 showed critical damage on cell growth. Hence, an extremophile alga, Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1 was applied to build a dual-strain cultivation system to mitigate the effect of SO2 toxicity and increase CO2 capture efficiency. All SO2 was removed by Galdieria culture and the system exhibited stable growth from a simulated flue gas stream containing CO2, NO and SO2. Combined CO2 biofixation rate of 793 mg/L/d and lipid productivity of 113 mg/L/d was achieved. The results showed that this new cultivation system is a promising alternative for reducing CO2 emissions from power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muk Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju 61003, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kun Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Song M, Zhao J, Yin D, Ye X, Yu J. Excessive composite pollution carbon sources enhance the bio-fertilizer efficiency of Tetradesmus obliquus: focused on cultivation period. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6054-6066. [PMID: 38147239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae can use carbon sources in sludge extract prepared from sludge. Moreover, the high concentration of CO2 and the large number of carbon sources in the liquid phase will promote microalgae growth and metabolism. In this experiment, Tetradesmus obliquus was cultivated with sludge extract at 30% CO2. Algae liquid (the name used to describe the fertilizer made in this research) was further prepared as lettuce fertilizer. The effect of different times of microalgae culture (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days) on the fertilizer efficiency of the algae liquid was evaluated by lettuce hydroponic experiments. The findings indicate that lettuce cultivated in algae liquid collected on the 15th and 30th days exhibited superior performance in terms of growth, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional quality. We analyzed the experimental results in the context of microalgae metabolic mechanisms, aiming to contribute experience and data essential for the development of industrial microalgae fertilizer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Danning Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Zhang B, Cai C, Zhou Y. Iron and nitrogen regulate carbon transformation in a methanotroph-microalgae system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166287. [PMID: 37591392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient supply is important for maintaining a methanotroph and microalgae (MOB-MG) system for biogas valorization. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding how key elements regulate the growth of a MOB-MG coculture. In this study, a MOB-MG coculture with high protein content (0.47 g/g biomass) was established from waste activated sludge using synthetic biogas. An increase in iron availability substantially stimulated the specific growth rate (from 0.18 to 0.62 day-1) and biogas conversion rate (from 26.81 to 106.57 mg-C L-1 day-1) of the coculture. Moreover, the protein content remained high (0.51 g/g biomass), and the total lipid content increased (from 0.09 to 0.14 g/g biomass). Nitrogen limitation apparently constrained the specific growth rate (from 0.64 to 0.28 day-1) and largely reduced the protein content (from 0.51 to 0.31 g/g biomass) of the coculture. Intriguingly, the lipid content remained unchanged after nitrogen was depleted. The eukaryotic community was consistently dominated by MG belonging to Chlorella, while the populations of MOB shifted from Methylococcus/Methylosinus to Methylocystis due to iron and nitrogen amendment. In addition, diverse non-methanotrophic heterotrophs were present in the community. Their presence neither compromised the performance of the coculture system nor affected the protein content of the biomass. However, these heterotrophs may contribute to high carbon conversion efficiency by utilizing the dissolved organic carbon released by MOB and MG. Overall, the findings highlight the vital roles of iron and nitrogen in achieving efficient conversion of biogas, fast growth of cells, and optimal biomass composition in a MOB-MG coculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 61 Nanyang Drive, 637335, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chen Cai
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Li X, Huff J, Crunkleton DW, Johannes TW. Light intensity and spectral quality modulation for improved growth kinetics and biochemical composition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 2023; 375:28-39. [PMID: 37640267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Effective strategies to optimize algal growth and lipid productivity are critical for the sustainable production of biomass for various applications. Light management has emerged as a promising approach, but the intricate relationship between light intensity, spectral quality, and algal responses remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of different light qualities (blue, red-orange, and white-yellow) and intensities (45-305 μmol/m2·s) on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Red-orange light exhibited the highest promotion of biomass growth and lipid productivity, with specific growth rates of 1.968 (d-1) and biomass productivity of 0.284 (g/L/d) at 155 μmol/m2·s and 205 μmol/m2·s, respectively. Within the intensity range of 205 μmol/m2·s to 305 μmol/m2·s, lipid mass fractions ranged from 10.5% w/w to 11.0% w/w, accompanied by lipid concentrations ranging from 68.6 mg/L to 74.9 mg/L. Red-orange light positively influenced carbohydrate accumulation, while blue light promoted protein synthesis. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing light quality and intensity to enhance algal biomass productivity and manipulate biochemical composition. Understanding the complex relationship between light parameters and algal physiology will contribute to sustainable algal cultivation practices and the use of microalgae as a valuable bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Li
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Jonathan Huff
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA
| | - Daniel W Crunkleton
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA
| | - Tyler W Johannes
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104, USA.
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López-Pacheco IY, Ayala-Moreno VG, Mejia-Melara CA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, González-González RB, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Farfan-Cabrera LI, González-Meza GM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Growth Behavior, Biomass Composition and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) Production Potential of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Chlorella vulgaris Cultures. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:450. [PMID: 37623731 PMCID: PMC10455958 DOI: 10.3390/md21080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of biomolecules by microalgae has a wide range of applications in the development of various materials and products, such as biodiesel, food supplements, and cosmetics. Microalgae biomass can be produced using waste and in a smaller space than other types of crops (e.g., soja, corn), which shows microalgae's great potential as a source of biomass. Among the produced biomolecules of greatest interest are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and fatty acids. In this study, the production of these biomolecules was determined in two strains of microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris) when exposed to different concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Results show a significant microalgal growth (3.69 g L-1) and carbohydrates (163 mg g-1) increase in C. reinhardtii under low nitrogen concentration. Also, higher lipids content was produced under low sulfur concentration (246 mg g-1). It was observed that sulfur variation could affect in a negative way proteins production in C. reinhardtii culture. In the case of C. vulgaris, a higher biomass production was obtained in the standard culture medium (1.37 g L-1), and under a low-phosphorus condition, C. vulgaris produced a higher lipids concentration (248 mg g-1). It was observed that a low concentration of nitrogen had a better effect on the accumulation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (C16-C18) in both microalgae. These results lead us to visualize the effects that the variation in macronutrients can have on the growth of microalgae and their possible utility for the production of microalgae-based subproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y. López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Victoria Guadalupe Ayala-Moreno
- Francisco Morazán Department, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano, Km 30 Carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (V.G.A.-M.); (C.A.M.-M.)
| | - Catherinne Arlette Mejia-Melara
- Francisco Morazán Department, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano, Km 30 Carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; (V.G.A.-M.); (C.A.M.-M.)
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
| | - Sara P. Cuellar-Bermudez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
| | - Georgia María González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.R.-R.); (S.P.C.-B.); (R.B.G.-G.); (K.G.C.-A.); (L.I.F.-C.); (G.M.G.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Yaashikaa PR, Senthil Kumar P, Saravanan A, Karishma S, Rangasamy G. A biotechnological roadmap for decarbonization systems combined into bioenergy production: Prelude of environmental life-cycle assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138670. [PMID: 37054843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Decarbonization has become a critical issue in recent years due to rising energy demands and diminishing oil resources. Decarbonization systems based on biotechnology have proven to be a cost-effective and environmentally benign technique of lowering carbon emissions. Bioenergy generation is an environmentally friendly technique for mitigating climate change in the energy industry, and it is predicted to play an important role in lowering global carbon emissions. This review essentially provides a new perspective on the unique biotechnological approaches and strategies based decarbonization pathways. Furthermore, the application of genetically engineered microbes in CO2 biomitigation and energy generation is particularly emphasized. The production of biohydrogen and biomethane via anaerobic digestion techniques has been highlighted in the perspective. In this review, role of microorganisms in bioconversion of CO2 into different types of bioproducts such as biochemical, biopolymers, biosolvents and biosurfactant was summarized. The current analysis, which includes an in-depth discussion of a biotechnology-based roadmap for the bioeconomy, provides a clear picture of sustainability, forthcoming challenges, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Chen X, Ding B, Zhang X, Yu J, Song M, Li R. Regulatory mechanism of high-concentration CO 2 on polysaccharide accumulation in Tetradesmus obliquus cultured in sludge extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62867-62879. [PMID: 36949373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae such as Tetradesmus obliquus have great potential in immobilizing high-concentration CO2 and removing highly toxic organic matters, which could be produced from coal chemical industry and coal chemical wastewater biological treatment process. In this study, Tetradesmus obliquus was cultured in sludge extract and high-concentration CO2 was added. The maximum cell density and dry weight were respectively (111.46 ± 4.87) × 106 cell/mL and 3.365 ± 0.168 g/L under 30% CO2. Tetradesmus obliquus accumulated the most polysaccharides (629.60 ± 31.48 mg/L) on the 30th day under 30% CO2. The results of proteomic showed that the upregulation of A0A2Z4THB7 and A0A383VAT1 promoted polysaccharide accumulation. Polysaccharide was mainly formed at the stable phase instead of the log-growth phase due to the abiotic stress caused by high TOC at the log-growth phase. Collectively, this study revealed the regulatory mechanism of high-concentration CO2 on the toxicity removal and accumulation of polysaccharides in Tetradesmus obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Biao Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Renjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control On Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Pistelli L, Del Mondo A, Smerilli A, Corato F, Sansone C, Brunet C. Biotechnological response curve of the cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa to light energy gradient. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 36803279 PMCID: PMC9940373 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae represent a suitable and eco-sustainable resource for human needs thanks to their fast growth ability, together with the great diversity in species and intracellular secondary bioactive metabolites. These high-added-value compounds are of great interest for human health or animal feed. The intracellular content of these valuable compound families is tightly associated with the microalgal biological state and responds to environmental cues, e.g., light. Our study develops a Biotechnological response curve strategy exploring the bioactive metabolites synthesis in the marine cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa over a light energy gradient. The Relative Light energy index generated in our study integrates the red, green and blue photon flux density with their relative photon energy. The Biotechnological response curve combined biochemical analysis of the macromolecular composition (total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content), total sterols, polyphenols and flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B9, B12, C, D2, D3, E, H, and K1), phycobiliproteins, together with the antioxidant activity of the biomass as well as the growth ability and photosynthesis. RESULTS Results demonstrated that light energy significantly modulate the biochemical status of the microalga Spirulina subsalsa revealing the relevance of the light energy index to explain the light-induced biological variability. The sharp decrease of the photosynthetic rate at high light energy was accompanied with an increase of the antioxidant network response, such as carotenoids, total polyphenols, and the antioxidant capacity. Conversely, low light energy favorized the intracellular content of lipids and vitamins (B2, B6, B9, D3, K1, A, C, H, and B12) compared to high light energy. CONCLUSIONS Results of the Biotechnological response curves were discussed in their functional and physiological relevance as well as for the essence of their potential biotechnological applications. This study emphasized the light energy as a relevant tool to explain the biological responses of microalgae towards light climate variability, and, therefore, to design metabolic manipulation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Corato
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, villa comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, via ammiraglio F. Acton, 55., 80133, Naples, Italy
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11
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Label-free live microalgal starch screening via Raman flow cytometry. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Li D, Zhao Q. Study of carbon fixation and carbon partitioning of evolved Chlorella sp.'s strain under different carbon dioxide conditions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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13
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Bader AN, Sanchez Rizza L, Consolo VF, Curatti L. Bioprospecting for fungal enzymes for applications in microalgal biomass biorefineries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:591-607. [PMID: 36527478 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is a promising feedstock for biofuels, feed/food, and biomaterials. However, while production and commercialization of single-product commodities are still not economically viable, obtaining multiple products in a biomass biorefinery faces several techno-economic challenges. The aim of this study was to identify a suitable source of hydrolytic enzymes for algal biomass saccharification. Screening of twenty-six fungal isolates for secreted enzymes activity on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass resulted in the identification of Aspergillus niger IB-34 as a candidate strain. Solid-state fermentation on wheat bran produced the most active enzyme preparations. From sixty-five proteins identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD034998) from A. niger IB-34, the majority corresponded to predicted secreted proteins belonging to the Gene Ontology categories of catalytic activity/hydrolase activity on glycosyl and O-glycosyl compounds. Skimmed biomass of biotechnologically relevant strains towards the production of commodities, Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus obliquus, was fully saccharified after a mild pretreatment at 80 °C for 10 min, at a high biomass load of 10% (w/v). The soluble liquid stream, after skimming and saccharification of biomass of both strains, was further converted into ethanol by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a theoretical maximum efficiency, in a separated saccharification and fermentation assays. The resulting insoluble protein, after biomass skimming with an organic solvent and enzymatic saccharification, was highly digestible in an in vitro digestion assay. Proof of concept is presented for an enzyme-assisted biomass biorefinery recovering 81% of the main biomass fractions in a likely suitable form for the conversion of lipids and carbohydrates into biofuels and proteins into feed/food. KEY POINTS: • Twenty-six fungal extracts were analyzed for saccharification of microalgal biomass. • Skimmed biomass was fully enzymatically saccharified and fermented into ethanol. • Up to 81% recovery of biomass fractions suitable for biofuels and feed/food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Natalia Bader
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lara Sanchez Rizza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Fabiana Consolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Curatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Life and death of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata: physiological changes during chronological aging. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8245-8258. [PMID: 36385567 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is widely used in ecotoxicity assays and has great biotechnological potential as feedstock. This work aims to characterize the physiology of this alga associated with the aging resulting from the incubation of cells for 21 days, in the OECD medium, with continuous agitation and light exposure, in a batch mode. After inoculation, cells grow exponentially during 3 days, and the culture presents a typical green color. In this phase, "young" algal cells present, predominantly, a lunate morphology with the chloroplast occupying a large part of the cell, maximum photosynthetic activity and pigments concentration, and produce starch as a reserve material. Between the 5th and the 12th days of incubation, cells are in the stationary phase. The culture becomes less green, and the cells stop dividing (≥ 99% have one nucleus) and start to age. "Old" algal cells present chloroplast shrinkage, an abrupt decline of chlorophylls content, and photosynthetic capacity (Fv/Fm and ɸPSII), accompanied by a degradation of starch and an increase of neutral lipids content. The onset of the death phase occurs after the 12th day and is characterized by the loss of cell membrane integrity of some algae (cell death). The culture stays, progressively, yellow, and the majority of the population (~93%) is composed of live cells, chronologically "old," with a significant drop in photosynthetic activity (decay > 75% of Fv/Fm and ɸPSII) and starch content. The information here achieved can be helpful when exploring the potential of this alga in toxicity studies or in biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Physiological changes of P. subcapitata with chronological aging are shown • "Young" algae exhibit a semilunar shape, high photosynthetic activity, and accumulated starch • "Old"-live algae show reduced photosynthetic capacity and accumulated lipids.
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15
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Chen Z, Qiu S, Li M, Xu S, Ge S. Effect of free ammonia shock on Chlorella sp. in wastewater: Concentration-dependent activity response and enhanced settleability. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119305. [PMID: 36332297 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The unstable microbial activity and unsatisfactory settling performance impede the development and implementation of microalgal wastewater treatment, especially in high-ammonium wastewater in the presence of free ammonia (FA). The shock of FA due to the nutrient fluctuation in wastewater was demonstrated as the primary stress factor suppressing microalgal activities. Recent study has clearly revealed the inhibition mechanism of FA at a specific high level (110.97 mg/L) by inhibiting the genetic information processing, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism. However, the effects of various FA shock concentrations on microalgal activities and settling performance remain unknown, limiting the wastewater bioremediation efficiencies improvement and the process development. Herein, a concentration-dependent shock FA (that was employed on microalgae during their exponential growth stages) effect on microalgal growth and photosynthesis was observed. Results showed that the studied five FA shock concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L significantly inhibited biomass production by 14.7-57.0%, but sharp reductions in photosynthesis with the 36.0-49.0% decreased Fv/Fm values were only observed when FA concentration was above 75.0 mg/L. On the other hand, FA shock enhanced microalgal settling efficiency by 12.8-fold, which was believed to be due to the stimulated intra- and extracellular protein contents and thereby the enhanced extracellular polymer substances (EPS) secretion. Specifically, FA shock induced 40.2 ± 2.3% higher cellular protein content at the cost of the decreased carbohydrates (22.6 ± 1.3%) and fatty acid (39.0 ± 0.8%) contents, further improving the protein secretion by 1.21-fold and the EPS production by 40.2 ± 2.3%. These FA shock-induced variations in intra- and extracellular biomolecules were supported by the up-regulated protein processing and export at the assistance of excessive energy generated from fatty acid degradation and carbohydrates consumption. In addition, FA shock significantly decreased the biomass nutritional value as indicated by the 1.86-fold lower essential amino acid score and nearly 50% reduced essential to non-essential amino acids ratio, while slightly decreased the biodiesel quality. This study is expected to enrich the knowledge of microalgal activities and settling performance in response to fluctuant ammonium concentrations in wastewater and to promote the development of microalgal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shiling Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China.
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Zhang X, Wei X, Hu X, Yang Y, Chen X, Tian J, Pan T, Ding B. Effects of different concentrations of CO 2 on Scenedesmus obliquus to overcome sludge extract toxicity and accumulate biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135514. [PMID: 35798159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of toxic excess sludge as well as high concentrations of carbon dioxide can be produced in coal-gasification industry. Microalgae has huge potential in the use of nutrients, the removal of toxic organic matter in excess sludge and CO2 fixation. At the same time, the cultivation of the microalgae and the accumulation of high-quality biomass are also the key problems of concern. In this study, the growth and biomass synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus cultured in sludge extract under 0%-15% (v/v) CO2 were investigated. Results indicated that the highest microalgae biomass yield of 1.609 ± 0.012 g/L can be achieved under 15% CO2 on the 30th day. The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) decreased in the first 12 h and then increased with the culture time, and the decline amplitude decreased with the increase of the CO2 concentration, indicating that CO2 slowed down the toxic inhibition of sludge extract to Scenedesmus obliquus, which was expressed as the down-regulation of p53 signaling pathway and protein A0A383WFI7. Proteomic analysis showed that under high-concentration CO2, the protein interaction network with the protein of photosystem II assembly (A0A383VSL5) as the core protein regulated the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in terms of energy metabolism and material transportation. On the 4th day, Methyltransf_11 domain-containing protein (A0A383VH03) was up-regulated and promoted lipid synthesis, leading to the accumulation of lipids in Scenedesmus obliquus in the early stage and the increase of polysaccharides in the later stage. Collectively, this study revealed the regulation mechanism of CO2 on toxicity removal and carbon distribution of Scenedesmus obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xueyang Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jinyi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tao Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Biao Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends to Produce Carbohydrate Enriched Biomass, High-Added Value Products and Bioactive Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081146. [PMID: 36009773 PMCID: PMC9405046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. This review discusses the challenges and future trends related to microalgae-based biorefineries stressing the multi-product approach and the use of raw wastewater or pretreated wastewater to improve the cost-benefit ratio of biomass and products. Emphasis is given to the production of biomass enriched in carbohydrates. Microalgae-bioactive compounds as potential therapeutical and health promoters are also discussed. Future and novel trends following the circular economy strategy are also discussed. Abstract Microalgae have demonstrated a large potential in biotechnology as a source of various macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and high-added value products (pigments, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, etc.). The production of biomass at a large scale becomes more economically feasible when it is part of a biorefinery designed within the circular economy concept. Thus, the aim of this critical review is to highlight and discuss challenges and future trends related to the multi-product microalgae-based biorefineries, including both phototrophic and mixotrophic cultures treating wastewater and the recovery of biomass as a source of valuable macromolecules and high-added and low-value products (biofertilizers and biostimulants). The therapeutic properties of some microalgae-bioactive compounds are also discussed. Novel trends such as the screening of species for antimicrobial compounds, the production of bioplastics using wastewater, the circular economy strategy, and the need for more Life Cycle Assessment studies (LCA) are suggested as some of the future research lines.
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Shi Q, Chen C, He T, Fan J. Circadian rhythm promotes the biomass and amylose hyperaccumulation by mixotrophic cultivation of marine microalga Platymonas helgolandica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35794631 PMCID: PMC9261046 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Microalgal starch can be exploited for bioenergy, food, and bioplastics. Production of starch by green algae has been concerned for many years. Currently commonly used methods such as nutrient stress will affect cell growth, thereby inhibiting the production efficiency and quality of starch production. Simpler and more efficient control strategies need to be developed. Result We proposed a novel regulation method to promote the growth and starch accumulation by a newly isolated Chlorophyta Platymonas helgolandica. By adding exogenous glucose and controlling the appropriate circadian light and dark time, the highest dry weight accumulation 6.53 g L−1 (Light:Dark = 12:12) can be achieved, and the highest starch concentration could reach 3.88 g L−1 (Light:Dark = 6:18). The highest production rate was 0.40 g L−1 d−1 after 9 days of production. And this method helps to improve the ability to produce amylose, with the highest accumulation of 39.79% DW amylose. We also discussed the possible mechanism of this phenomenon through revealing changes in the mRNA levels of key genes. Conclusion This study provides a new idea to regulate the production of amylose by green algae. For the first time, it is proposed to combine organic carbon source addition and circadian rhythm regulation to increase the starch production from marine green alga. A new starch-producing microalga has been isolated that can efficiently utilize organic matter and grow with or without photosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02174-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwei He
- Department of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
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Enhancement of Metabolite Production in High-Altitude Microalgal Strains by Optimized C/N/P Ratio. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of C/N/P in the increase in the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in two high-mountain strains of algae (Chlorella sp. UFPS019 and Desmodesmus sp. UFPS021). Three carbon sources (sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate), and the sources of nitrogen (NaNO3) and phosphate (KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) were analyzed using a surface response (3 factors, 2 levels). In Chlorella sp. UFPS019, the optimal conditions to enhance the synthesis of carbohydrates were high sodium carbonate content (3.53 g/L), high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.06 and 0.14 g/L, respectively), and medium-high NaNO3 (0.1875 g/L). In the case of lipids, a high concentration of sodium acetate (1.19 g/L) coupled with high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.056 and 0.131 g/L, respectively) and a low concentration of NaNO3 (0.075 g/L) drastically induced the synthesis of lipids. In the case of Desmodesmus sp. UFPS021, the protein content was increased using high sodium acetate (2 g/L), high KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 content (0.056 and 0.131 g/L, respectively), and high NaNO3 concentration (0.25 g/L). These results demonstrate that the correct adjustment of the C/N/P ratio can enhance the capacity of high-mountain strains of algae to produce high concentrations of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
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Pan Y, Shen Y, Zhang H, Ran X, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Fine-tuned regulation of photosynthetic performance via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supply coupled with high initial cell density culture for economic starch production in microalgae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:52. [PMID: 38647858 PMCID: PMC10992858 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered as renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels and biorefinery. High cell density culture is favourable for photoautotrophic starch production in microalgae in the aspects of productivity and economy, but it often encounters low starch content or extra stress exposure that limits the production. This study aimed to economically enhance photosynthetic starch production from CO2 fixation in a green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis by regulating photosynthetic stress status with a signalling molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with the application of high initial cell density culture. By increasing initial cell density (ICD) from the normal of 1.1 g L-1 (NICD) to as high as 2.8 g L-1 (HICD), the starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity were improved by 7%, 63%, and 42%, respectively. The addition of GABA under HICD resulted in 14%, 19%, and 26% of further enhancement in starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity, respectively. GABA exhibited distinct regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis and stress status under HICD relative to NICD. GABA augmented excessive light energy absorption and electron transfer through photosystem II that reinforced the photoinhibition under NICD, while alleviated the stress reversely under HICD, both of which facilitated starch production by enabling a suitable stress status while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient photosynthetic activity. The increase of ICD and/or GABA supply particularly boosted amylopectin accumulation, leading to the changes in starch composition and was more favourable for fermentation-based biofuels production. Preliminary techno-economic analysis showed that the highest net extra benefit of 9.64 $ m-3 culture could be obtained under HICD with 2.5 mM GABA supply where high starch content (62%DW) and yield (2.5 g L-1) were achieved. The combined HICD-GABA regulation was a promising strategy for economic starch production from CO2 by microalgae for sustainable biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Saxena A, Mishra B, Sindhu R, Binod P, Tiwari A. Nutrient acclimation in benthic diatoms with adaptive laboratory evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126955. [PMID: 35272038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth of marine diatom algaeChaetoceros gracilisandThalassiosira weissflogiiin agricultural fertilizers and additional carbon sources were evaluated. The main objective behind the study was to increase the growth and productivity of the diatom acclimatized under adaptive laboratory culture conditions. In optimized conditions,C.gracilisshowed the highest cell density in NPK (202.5 ± 2.6 × 105 cells mL-1), maximum carbohydrate (212.8 ± 4.0 mg g-1) and protein (133.9 ± 1.5 mg g-1) in urea. In contrast,T.weissflogiishowed the highest cell density in glycerol (148.2 ± 2.5x105 cells mL-1), maximum carbohydrate in glycerol (273.7 ± 3.3 mg g-1), and protein in sucrose (126.2 ± 0.7 mg g-1). Lipid content was maximum in glycerol (73.4 ± 0.6%) and glucose (39.7 ± 0.2%) in C. gracilisand T. weissflogii respectively. Increased pigment production and chrysolaminarin concentration were obtained in both marine species. The study highlights the importance of adaptive laboratory evolution as an promising tool in enhancing productivity in diatom algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Bharti Mishra
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam - 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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22
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Dang BT, Bui XT, Tran DPH, Hao Ngo H, Nghiem LD, Hoang TKD, Nguyen PT, Nguyen HH, Vo TKQ, Lin C, Yi Andrew Lin K, Varjani S. Current application of algae derivatives for bioplastic production: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126698. [PMID: 35026424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Improper use of conventional plastics poses challenges for sustainable energy and environmental protection. Algal derivatives have been considered as a potential renewable biomass source for bioplastic production. Algae derivatives include a multitude of valuable substances, especially starch from microalgae, short-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from cyanobacteria, polysaccharides from marine and freshwater macroalgae. The algae derivatives have the potential to be used as key ingredients for bioplastic production, such as starch and PHAs or only as an additive such as sulfated polysaccharides. The presence of distinctive functional groups in algae, such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfate, can be manipulated or tailored to provide desirable bioplastic quality, especially for food, pharmaceutical, and medical packaging. Standardizing strains, growing conditions, harvesting and extracting algae in an environmentally friendly manner would be a promising strategy for pollution control and bioplastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Trong Dang
- HUTECH University, 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Duyen P H Tran
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Thi-Khanh-Dieu Hoang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong-Thao Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUHCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet street, district 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hai H Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Faculty of Environment - Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan street, Tay Thanh ward, Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Vietnam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Kun Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India
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23
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Ghosh A, Samadhiya K, Kiran B. Multi-objective tailored optimization deciphering carbon partitioning and metabolomic tuning in response to elevated CO 2 levels, organic carbon and sparging period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112137. [PMID: 34592254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have garnered much contemplation as candidates to fix CO2 into valuable compounds. Although microalgae have been studied to produce various metabolites, they have not yet proved successful for commercialization. Since, handling such problems practically requires satisfying multiple parameters simultaneously, we put forth a multi-parameter optimization strategy to manipulate the carbon metabolism of Scenedesmus sp. to improve biomass production and enhance CO2 fixation to increase the production of fuel-related metabolites. The Box-Behnken design method was applied with CO2 concentration, CO2 sparging time and glucose concentration as independent variables; biomass and total fatty acid methyl ester (total FAME) content were analyzed as response variables. The strain is supplemented with both CO2 and glucose with an aim to enhance carbon flux and rechannel it towards carbon fixation. As per the results obtained in this study, Scenedesmus sp. could effectively exploit high CO2 concentration (15%) for longer duration under high concentration of glucose supplementation (9 g/L) producing a biomass of 635.24 ± 39.9 μg/mL with a high total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of 71.29 ± 4.2 μg/mg, significant acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme activity and a favorable fatty acid profile: 35.8% palmitic acid, 10.5% linoleic acid and 30.6% linolenic acid. The carbohydrate content was maximum at 10% CO2 sparged for the longest duration of 90 min under glucose concentration of 9 g/L. This study puts forth an optimal design that can provide evidence on comprehending the carbon assimilation mechanism to enhance production of biomass and biofuels and provide conditions to microalgal species to tolerate CO2 rich flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreyee Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India
| | - Kanchan Samadhiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India
| | - Bala Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 453552, India.
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24
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Xiao X, Zhou Y, Liang Z, Lin R, Zheng M, Chen B, He Y. A novel two-stage heterotrophic cultivation for starch-to-protein switch to efficiently enhance protein content of Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126187. [PMID: 34710603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to firstly establish an efficient and novel two-stage cultivation process to produce microalgal biomass rich in protein using a heterotrophic Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17 strain. In the first-stage cultivation, to reduce the glucose and urea utilization, microalga achieved a high biomass at 40 g/L glucose and 1 g/L urea; meantime, the expression from starch biosynthesis genes of microalga was up-regulated under nitrogen-starvation conditions for starch accumulation (55.01%). In the second-stage cultivation, based on the over-compensation effect, Chlorella cells after the first-stage cultivation were further treated at 5 g/L glucose and 3 g/L urea to up-regulate starch degradation, central carbon metabolism and urea absorption genes expression to drive intracellular starch-to-protein switch for biosynthetic protein (59.75%). Moreover, microalga performed similar characteristics in a 10-L fermenter by the established process. Taken together, Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17 was the promising candidate to produce high-value biomass enriched in protein by the established two-stage cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xiao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Youcai Zhou
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhibo Liang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Rongzhao Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingmin Zheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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25
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Zhu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Ren L, Zhao Q. Lutein extraction by imidazolium-based ionic liquid-water mixture from dried and fresh Chlorella sp. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Premaratne M, Liyanaarachchi VC, Nimarshana P, Ariyadasa TU, Malik A, Attalage RA. Co-production of fucoxanthin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and bioethanol from the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Ben Hlima H, Karray A, Dammak M, Elleuch F, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Production and structure prediction of amylases from Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51046-51059. [PMID: 33973124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amylases are enzymes required for starch degradation and are naturally produced by many microorganisms. These enzymes are used in several fields such as food processing, beverage, and medicine as well as in the formulation of enzymatic detergents proving their significance in modern biotechnology. In this study, a three-stage growth mode was applied to enhance starch production and amylase detection from Chlorella vulgaris. Stress conditions applied in the second stage of cultivation led to an accumulation of proteins (75% DW) and starch (21% DW) and a decrease in biomass. Amylase activities were detected and they showed high production levels especially on day 3 (35 U/ml) and day 5 (22.5 U/ml) of the second and third stages, respectively. The bioinformatic tools used to seek amylase protein sequences from TSA database of C. vulgaris revealed 7 putative genes encoding for 4 α-amylases, 2 β-amylases, and 1 isoamylase. An in silico investigation showed that these proteins are different in their lengths as well as in their cellular localizations and oligomeric states though they share common features like CSRs of GH13 family or active site of GH14 family. In brief, this study allowed for the production and in silico characterization of amylases from C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aida Karray
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l'Amélioration des Plantes Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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28
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Starch Rich Chlorella vulgaris: High-Throughput Screening and Up-Scale for Tailored Biomass Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of microalgal starch has been studied in biorefinery frameworks to produce bioethanol or bioplastics, however, these products are currently not economically viable. Using starch-rich biomass as an ingredient in food applications is a novel way to create more value while expanding the product portfolio of the microalgal industry. Optimization of starch production in the food-approved species Chlorella vulgaris was the main objective of this study. High-throughput screening of biomass composition in response to multiple stressors was performed with FTIR spectroscopy. Nitrogen starvation was identified as an important factor for starch accumulation. Moreover, further studies were performed to assess the role of light distribution, investigating the role of photon supply rates in flat panel photobioreactors. Starch-rich biomass with up to 30% starch was achieved in cultures with low inoculation density (0.1 g L−1) and high irradiation (1800 µmol m−2 s−1). A final large-scale experiment was performed in 25 L tubular reactors, achieving a maximum of 44% starch in the biomass after 12 h in nitrogen starved conditions.
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29
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Kassim MA, Ramli SH, Meng TK. Analysis of microalgal growth kinetic model and carbohydrate biosynthesis cultivated using agro-industrial waste residuals as carbon source. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:514-524. [PMID: 34455938 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1969576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Microalgal carbohydrate is considered one of the potential feedstock for biofuel produced via the bioconversion process. However, the current cultivation process using commercial medium exhibited low biomass production and its carbohydrate productivity which become a bottleneck for sustainable microalgal-carbohydrate-based biofuel production. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the utilization of industrial waste including molasses and glycerol on the Halochlorella rubescens and Tetraselmis suecica growth as well as its carbohydrate content under different cultivation modes such as autotrophic, heterotrophic and photoheterotrophic conditions. From this study, the highest maximum biomass of H. rubenscens and T. suecica of 0.653 ± 0.009 and 0.669 ± 0.01gL-1 were obtained when the cultivation was performed under photoheterotrophic using molasses. High carbohydrate content of H. rubescens and T. seucica of 56.81 ± 0.39% and 71.52 ± 0.03% with glucose represent the dominant sugar was observed under this condition. The growth kinetic model of the analysis indicated that Huang and Gompertz Models described well the growth of H. rubescens and T. suecica under photoheteroptroph condition with a high significant R2 of 0.99. The information generated could be beneficial for the future development of low-cost microalgal cultivation media formulation for future microalgal carbohydrate-based products such as bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asyraf Kassim
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawa Ramli
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
| | - Tan Kean Meng
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Malaysia
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30
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Microalgal Co-Cultivation Prospecting to Modulate Vitamin and Bioactive Compounds Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091360. [PMID: 34572991 PMCID: PMC8468856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology is gaining importance. However, key issues in the pipeline from species selection towards large biomass production still require improvements to maximize the yield and lower the microalgal production costs. This study explores a co-cultivation strategy to improve the bioactive compounds richness of the harvested microalgal biomass. Based on their biotechnological potential, two diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi, Cyclotella cryptica) and one eustigmatophyte (Nannochloropsis oceanica) were grown alone or in combination. Concentrations of ten vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D2, D3, E and H), carotenoids and polyphenols, together with total flavonoids, sterols, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, were compared. Moreover, antioxidant capacity and chemopreventive potential in terms inhibiting four human tumor-derived and normal cell lines proliferation were evaluated. Co-cultivation can engender biomass with emergent properties regarding bioactivity or bioactive chemical profile, depending on the combined species. The high vitamin content of C. cryptica or N. oceanica further enhanced (until 10% more) when co-cultivated, explaining the two-fold increase of the antioxidant capacity of the combined C. cryptica and N. oceanica biomass. Differently, the chemopreventive activity was valuably enhanced when coupling the two diatoms C. cryptica and S. marinoi. The results obtained in this pilot study promote microalgal co-cultivation as a valuable strategy aiming to boost their application in eco-sustainable biotechnology.
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31
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Colusse GA, Carneiro J, Duarte MER, Carvalho JCD, Noseda MD. Advances in microalgal cell wall polysaccharides: a review focused on structure, production, and biological application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:562-577. [PMID: 34320897 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1941750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have been shown to be useful in several biotechnological fields due to their feasible cultivation and high-value biomolecules production. Several substances of interest produced by microalgae, such as: proteins, lipids, and natural colorants, have already been explored. Based on the continuing demand for new natural molecules, microalgae could also be a valuable source of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are extremely important in aquaculture, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and have great economic impact worldwide. Despite this, reviews on microalgal polysaccharide production, biological activity, and chemical structure are not abundant. Moreover, techniques of microalgal cultivation, coupled with carbohydrate production, need to be clarified in order to develop forward-looking technologies. The present review provides an overview of the main advances in microalgal cell wall polysaccharide production, as well as their associated potential biological applications and chemical structure. Several studies on future prospects, related to microalgae are presented, highlighting the key challenges in microalgal polysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Augusto Colusse
- Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carneiro
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Cesar de Carvalho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Miguel Daniel Noseda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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32
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Influence of Carbohydrate Additives on the Growth Rate of Microalgae Biomass with an Increased Carbohydrate Content. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070381. [PMID: 34356806 PMCID: PMC8305958 DOI: 10.3390/md19070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study focused on investigating the possibilities of controlling the accumulation of carbohydrates in certain microalgae species (Arthrospira platensis Gomont, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, and Dunaliella salina Teod) to determine their potential in biofuel production (biohydrogen). It was found that after the introduction of carbohydrates (0.05 g⋅L−1) into the nutrient medium, the growth rate of the microalgae biomass increased, and the accumulation of carbohydrates reached 41.1%, 47.9%, and 31.7% for Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris had the highest total carbohydrate content (a mixture of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose, 16.97%) among the studied microalgae, while for Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliella salina, the accumulation of total carbohydrates was 9.59% and 8.68%, respectively. Thus, the introduction of carbohydrates into the nutrient medium can stimulate their accumulation in the microalgae biomass, an application of biofuel production (biohydrogen).
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33
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Liyanaarachchi VC, Premaratne M, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana P, Malik A. Two-stage cultivation of microalgae for production of high-value compounds and biofuels: A review. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Wang Q, Hyman M, Higgins BT. Factors impacting the effectiveness of biological pretreatment for the alleviation of algal growth inhibition on anaerobic digestate. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Li X, Manuel J, Slavens S, Crunkleton DW, Johannes TW. Interactive effects of light quality and culturing temperature on algal cell size, biomass doubling time, protein content, and carbohydrate content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:587-597. [PMID: 33394159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Light management strategy can be used to improve algal biomass and nutrient production. However, the response of algal metabolism to different light qualities, especially their interaction with other environmental factors, is not well understood. This study focuses on the interactive effects of light quality and culturing temperature on algal protein content and carbohydrate content of C. reinhardtii. Three LED light sources (blue light, red-orange light, and white-yellow light) were applied to grow algae in batch cultures with a light intensity of 105 μmol/m2s under the temperatures of 24 °C to 32 °C. The protein and carbohydrate content were measured in both the late exponential growth phase and the late stationary growth phase. The results revealed that there was an interactive effect of light quality and culturing temperature on the protein and carbohydrate content. The combined conditions of blue light and a temperature of 24 °C or 28 °C, which induced a larger algal cell size with a prolonged cell cycle and a low division rate, resulted in the highest protein content; the protein mass fraction and concentration were 32% and 52% higher than that under white-yellow light at 32 °C. The combined conditions of red-orange light and a temperature of 24 °C, which promoted both the cell division and size growth, enhanced the carbohydrate content; the carbohydrate mass fraction and concentration were 161% and 155% higher than that under white-yellow light at 24 °C. When there was temperature stress (32 °C) or nutrient stress, the effect of light quality reduced, and the difference of protein and carbohydrate content among the three light qualities decreased. KEY POINTS: • Studied light quality-temperature interactive effect on protein, carbohydrate synthesis. • Protein content was high under low cell division rate. • Carbohydrate content was high under high cell division and cell size growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Li
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Jacob Manuel
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Shelyn Slavens
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Daniel W Crunkleton
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA
| | - Tyler W Johannes
- Russell School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA.
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36
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Study on high-CO2 tolerant Scenedesmus sp. and its mechanism via comparative transcriptomic analysis. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.
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38
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Kruger K, Chen L, He BB. Nutrient starvation and light deprivation effects on starch accumulation in Landoltia punctata cultivated on anaerobically digested dairy manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1044-1053. [PMID: 33016485 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed has been recognized for its potential of producing biomass on nutrients from waste streams. Our research has shown that strains of duckweed can be successfully cultivated on anaerobically digested (AD) dairy manure under controlled levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to explore the maximization of starch accumulation in Landoltia punctata (Mey.) Les & Crawford strain 0128 under different cultivation conditions using AD dairy manure as the nutrient source. Experimental results have shown that the most influential factors for starch accumulation in L. punctata were the nutrient concentration and the appropriate scheduling of nutrient starvation at the right growth stages. In our study, nutrient starvation for starch accumulation in L. punctata was achieved by incorporating nutrient addition of appropriately diluted AD dairy manure sequentially in a controlled manner under a constant light intensity of 3,000 lx. It was observed that a starch concentration of 30% (w/w) within the L. punctata biomass was achieved with an initial total N of 57.1 mg L-1 and a total P of 6.7 mg L-1 after a 30-d cultivation. Under the abovementioned cultivation conditions, the duckweed L. punctata recovered 16.3% (±4.0%) of total N and 25.9% (±6.6%) of total P from AD manure into its biomass. It is concluded that L. punctata can be successfully cultivated on nutrients from dairy manure for starch production, which would achieve well-being for dairy farmers by producing a feedstock for biofuels while treating dairy wastewater in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kruger
- Dep. of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, Univ. of Idaho, 315 Fall Ave. East, Twin Falls, ID, 83303, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Dep. of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, Univ. of Idaho, 315 Fall Ave. East, Twin Falls, ID, 83303, USA
| | - B Brian He
- Dep. of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 2060, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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39
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Harnessing the Power of Mutagenesis and Adaptive Laboratory Evolution for High Lipid Production by Oleaginous Microalgae and Yeasts. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae and yeasts represent promising candidates for large-scale production of lipids, which can be utilized for production of drop-in biofuels, nutraceuticals, pigments, and cosmetics. However, low lipid productivity and costly downstream processing continue to hamper the commercial deployment of oleaginous microorganisms. Strain improvement can play an essential role in the development of such industrial microorganisms by increasing lipid production and hence reducing production costs. The main means of strain improvement are random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), and rational genetic engineering. Among these, random mutagenesis and ALE are straight forward, low-cost, and do not require thorough knowledge of the microorganism’s genetic composition. This paper reviews available mutagenesis and ALE techniques and screening methods to effectively select for oleaginous microalgae and yeasts with enhanced lipid yield and understand the alterations caused to metabolic pathways, which could subsequently serve as the basis for further targeted genetic engineering.
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40
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Sanusi IA, Suinyuy TN, Lateef A, Kana GE. Effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on bioethanol production: Process optimization, kinetic and metabolic studies. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Peng H, de-Bashan LE, Bashan Y, Higgins BT. Indole-3-acetic acid from Azosprillum brasilense promotes growth in green algae at the expense of energy storage products. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Li J, Tang X, Pan K, Zhu B, Li Y, Ma X, Zhao Y. The regulating mechanisms of CO 2 fixation and carbon allocations of two Chlorella sp. strains in response to high CO 2 levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125814. [PMID: 31927186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The extreme high CO2 in industrial exhaust gas cannot be tolerated by microalgae is the key challenge for the application of microalgae in CO2 bio-sequestration. To provide better insights for this challenge, we chose one high CO2 tolerant (Chlorella sp. LAMB 31) and non-tolerant (Chlorella sp. LAMB 122) Chlorella sp. to examine their different CO2 fixation and carbon allocation responses to 40% CO2. The results indicated LAMB 31 had a 24-h "lag phase" of biomass increase, during which the transition from PSII-PSI and the increase of lipid synthesis happened to acclimate high CO2 conditions, followed by the increase of pigments synthesis, carbon fixation rates and polysaccharide productions. However, no acclimating mechanism was observed in LAMB 122, whose biomass, photosynthesis and material synthesis were all gradually collapsed under 40% CO2. Finally, four parameters including Chl a, polysaccharides, carbon fixation rates and MDA were selected to be good physiological biomarkers for high CO2 tolerant strains screenings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kehou Pan
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Baohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xuebin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, No. 5 12 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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43
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Nagarajan D, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for efficient biohydrogen production - Recent insights and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122871. [PMID: 32007310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen is a plausible alternative fuel solution for the contemporary issues regarding global warming and the steadily increasing greenhouse gas emissions, because of its high energy content and carbon-free combustion properties. Hydrogen does not exist in its natural state and the current hydrogen production technologies (steam methane reforming, water splitting) are energy-intensive, accompanied by a huge carbon footprint. Dark fermentative hydrogen production by anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria is a green, sustainable and emission-free pathway for hydrogen production. Microalgal biomass is considered as the third generation biofuel feedstock and is receiving academic and industrial research attention for its carbon sequestration abilities. This review discusses in detail about the pretreatment methods that could be adapted for microalgal biomass for effective biohydrogen production. Microalgal cell wall structure and the associated polymeric carbohydrates that offer certain recalcitrance are critically analyzed and future research perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607 Taiwan
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Ran W, Xiang Q, Pan Y, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Enhancing Photosynthetic Starch Production by γ-Aminobutyric Acid Addition in a Marine Green Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis under Nitrogen Stress. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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45
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Nair A, Chakraborty S. Synergistic effects between autotrophy and heterotrophy in optimization of mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in bubble-column photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Ribeiro DM, Roncaratti LF, Possa GC, Garcia LC, Cançado LJ, Williams TCR, dos Santos Alves Figueiredo Brasil B. A low-cost approach for Chlorella sorokiniana production through combined use of urea, ammonia and nitrate based fertilizers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Bankston EM, Higgins BT. Anaerobic microbial communities can influence algal growth and nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122445. [PMID: 31780245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to test the impact of anaerobic digester microorganisms on algal growth, composition, and nutrient removal from digestate. Culture studies were carried out to determine the impacts of the microbial community on treatment of poultry litter anaerobic digestate by two strains of green algae: Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana. The results showed that the community doubled the growth of A. protothecoides but had no impact on C. sorokiniana growth. A similar result was observed for nutrient removal where the microbial community increased the capacity of A. protothecoides to remove ammonium and phosphate. The impact of the microbial community on biomass composition was minimal for both algae types.
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48
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Ren L, Sun X, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Huang H. Identification of active pathways of Chlorella protothecoides by elementary mode analysis integrated with fluxomic data. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Jensen EL, Yangüez K, Carrière F, Gontero B. Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO 2 Concentration. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E5. [PMID: 31878202 PMCID: PMC7169399 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms-Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa-found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, Aix Marseille Univ., 13 402 Marseille CEDEX 20, France; (E.L.J.); (K.Y.); (F.C.)
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50
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Ran W, Wang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Xiang Q, Yao C, Zhang Y, Lan X. Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121894. [PMID: 31387839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate starch and lipid as storage metabolites under nutrient depletion, which can be used as sustainable feedstock for biorefinery. Omics analysis coupled with enzymatic and genetic verifications uncovered a partial picture of pathways and important enzymes or regulators related to starch and lipid biosynthesis as well as the carbon partitioning between them under nutrient depletion conditions. Depletion of macronutrients (N, P, and S) resulted in considerable enhancement of starch and/or lipid content in microalgae, but the accompanying declined photosynthesis hampered the achievements of high concentrations. This review summarized the current knowledge on the pathways and the committed steps as well as their carbon allocation involved in starch and lipid biosynthesis, and focused on the manipulation of different nutrients and the alleviation of oxidative stress for enhanced storage metabolites production. The biological and engineering approaches to cope with the conflict between biomass production and storage metabolites accumulation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Information Management Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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