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Mazzoli R, Pescarolo S, Gilli G, Gilardi G, Valetti F. Hydrogen production pathways in Clostridia and their improvement by metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108379. [PMID: 38754796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Biological production of hydrogen has a tremendous potential as an environmentally sustainable technology to generate a clean fuel. Among the different available methods to produce biohydrogen, dark fermentation features the highest productivity and can be used as a means to dispose of organic waste biomass. Within this approach, Clostridia have the highest theoretical H2 production yield. Nonetheless, most strains show actual yields far lower than the theoretical maximum: improving their efficiency becomes necessary for achieving cost-effective fermentation processes. This review aims at providing a survey of the metabolic network involved in H2 generation in Clostridia and strategies used to improve it through metabolic engineering. Together with current achievements, a number of future perspectives to implement these results will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
| | - Simone Pescarolo
- Biology applied to the environment, Laboratories of microbiology and ecotoxicology, Ecobioqual, Environment Park. Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gilli
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Valetti
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy.
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2
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Zhang C, Wei G, Zhou N, Wang Y, Feng J, Wang X, Zhang A, Chen K. Systematic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Efficient Production of Pseudouridine from Glucose and Uracil. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1303-1311. [PMID: 38529630 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a biological approach to efficiently produce pseudouridine (Ψ) from glucose and uracil in vivo using engineered Escherichia coli. By screening host strains and core enzymes, E. coli MG1655 overexpressing Ψ monophosphate (ΨMP) glycosidase and ΨMP phosphatase was obtained, which displayed the highest Ψ concentration. Then, optimization of the RBS sequences, enhancement of ribose 5-phosphate supply in the cells, and overexpression of the membrane transport protein UraA were investigated. Finally, fed-batch fermentation of Ψ in a 5 L fermentor can reach 27.5 g/L with a yield of 89.2 mol % toward uracil and 25.6 mol % toward glucose within 48 h, both of which are the highest to date. In addition, the Ψ product with a high purity of 99.8% can be purified from the fermentation broth after crystallization. This work provides an efficient and environmentally friendly protocol for allowing for the possibility of Ψ bioproduction on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guoguang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Chandran EM, Mohan E. Sustainable biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass sources - metabolic pathways, production enhancement, and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:102129-102157. [PMID: 37684507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from biological processes has been hailed as a promising strategy for generating sustainable energy. Fermentative hydrogen production processes such as dark and photofermentation are considered more sustainable and economical than other biological methods such as biophotolysis. However, these methods have constraints such as low hydrogen yield and conversion efficiency, so practical implementations still need to be made. The present review provides an assessment and feasibility of producing biohydrogen through dark and photofermentation techniques utilizing various lignocellulosic biomass wastes as substrates. Furthermore, this review includes information about the strategies to increase the productivity rate of biohydrogen in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner, like integration of dark and photofermentation techniques, pretreatment of biomass, genetic modification of microorganisms, and application of nanoadditives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniyan Moni Chandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Nagercoil, India
| | - Edwin Mohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Nagercoil, Anna University Constituent College, Nagercoil, India.
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Lin H, Li P, Ma L, Lai S, Sun S, Hu K, Zhang L. Analysis and modification of central carbon metabolism in Hypsizygus marmoreus for improving mycelial growth performance and fruiting body yield. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233512. [PMID: 37560516 PMCID: PMC10407233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the main industrially cultivated varieties of edible fungi, with a delicious taste and high nutritional value. However, the long harvest period of 130-150 days greatly limits its large-scale expansion. This study aimed to investigate the effects of central carbon metabolism (CCM) on the mycelial growth performance and fruiting body formation of H. marmoreus. Nine edible fungi with different harvest periods were collected and used to evaluate their intracellular carbon metabolic differences in the CCM, which revealed that the imbalanced distribution of intracellular carbon metabolic levels in the CCM of H. marmoreus might be one of the key factors resulting in a slow mycelial growth rate and a long harvest period. Further analysis by three strategies, including metabolomics, adaptation of different carbon sources, and chemical interference, confirmed that low carbon flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) limited the supply of raw materials, reduced power, and thus influenced the mycelial growth of H. marmoreus. Furthermore, four transformants with increased expression levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the PPP of H. marmoreus, were developed and showed more extracellular soluble protein secretion and higher sugar assimilation rates, as well as improved mycelial growth rates in bottle substrate mixtures. Finally, cultivation experiments indicated that the maturation periods of the fruiting body with ~4-5 days in advance and the maximum fruiting body yield of 574.8 g per bag with an increase of 7.4% were achieved by improving the G6PDH expression level of the PPP in H. marmoreus. This study showed that CCM played an important role in the mycelial growth and development of H. marmoreus, which provided new insights for future advancements in cultivating and breeding edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shufang Lai
- Fujian Edible Fungus Technology Promotion General Station, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shujing Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kaihui Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Fu B, Ying J, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Lu J, Zhu Z, Yu P. Enhancing the biosynthesis of riboflavin in the recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 strain by metabolic engineering. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1111790. [PMID: 36726568 PMCID: PMC9885008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, to construct the riboflavin-producing strain R1, five key genes, ribA, ribB, ribC, ribD, and ribE, were cloned and ligated to generate the plasmid pET-AE, which was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The R1 strain accumulated 182.65 ± 9.04 mg/l riboflavin. Subsequently, the R2 strain was constructed by the overexpression of zwf harboring the constructed plasmid pAC-Z in the R1 strain. Thus, the level of riboflavin in the R2 strain increased to 319.01 ± 20.65 mg/l (74.66% increase). To further enhance ribB transcript levels and riboflavin production, the FMN riboswitch was deleted from E. coli BL21 with CRISPR/Cas9 to generate the R3 strain. The R4 strain was constructed by cotransforming pET-AE and pAC-Z into the R3 strain. Compared to those of E. coli BL21, the ribB transcript levels of R2 and R4 improved 2.78 and 3.05-fold, respectively. The R4 strain accumulated 437.58 ± 14.36 mg/l riboflavin, increasing by 37.17% compared to the R2 strain. These results suggest that the deletion of the FMN riboswitch can improve the transcript level of ribB and facilitate riboflavin production. A riboflavin titer of 611.22 ± 11.25 mg/l was achieved under the optimal fermentation conditions. Ultimately, 1574.60 ± 109.32 mg/l riboflavin was produced through fed-batch fermentation with 40 g/l glucose. This study contributes to the industrial production of riboflavin by the recombinant E. coli BL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,College of Forestry Science and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Ying
- College of Forestry Science and Technology, Lishui Vocational and Technical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qili Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Ping Yu,
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Kim YE, Cho KH, Bang I, Kim CH, Ryu YS, Kim Y, Choi EM, Nong LK, Kim D, Lee SK. Characterization of an Entner-Doudoroff pathway-activated Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:120. [PMID: 36352474 PMCID: PMC9648032 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli have both the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMPP) and Entner-Doudoroff pathway (EDP) for glucose breakdown, while the EDP primarily remains inactive for glucose metabolism. However, EDP is a more favorable route than EMPP for the production of certain products. RESULTS EDP was activated by deleting the pfkAB genes in conjunction with subsequent adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). The evolved strains acquired mutations in transcriptional regulatory genes for glycolytic process (crp, galR, and gntR) and in glycolysis-related genes (gnd, ptsG, and talB). The genotypic, transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of those mutations deepen our understanding of their beneficial effects on cellulosic biomass bio-conversion. On top of these scientific understandings, we further engineered the strain to produce higher level of lycopene and 3-hydroxypropionic acid. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the E. coli strain has innate capability to use EDP in lieu of EMPP for glucose metabolism, and this versatility can be harnessed to further engineer E. coli for specific biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ina Bang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shin Ryu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Linh Khanh Nong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Kuk Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng D, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Deng L, Chen Z, Ye Y, Bui XT, Hoang NB. Advanced strategies for enhancing dark fermentative biohydrogen production from biowaste towards sustainable environment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127045. [PMID: 35331884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuel so as the global growing energy demand can be met. Currently, producing hydrogen from biowastes through fermentation has attracted much attention due to its multiple advantages of biowastes management and valuable energy generation. Nevertheless, conventional dark fermentation (DF) processes are still hindered by the low biohydrogen yields and challenges of biohydrogen purification, which limit their commercialization. In recent years, researchers have focused on various advanced strategies for enhancing biohydrogen yields, such as screening of super hydrogen-producing bacteria, genetic engineering, cell immobilization, nanomaterials utilization, bioreactors modification, and combination of different processes. This paper critically reviews by discussing the above stated technologies employed in DF, respectively, to improve biohydrogen generation and stating challenges and future perspectives on biowaste-based biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongle Cheng
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuanyao Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Hoang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Tao YM, Bu CY, Zou LH, Hu YL, Zheng ZJ, Ouyang J. A comprehensive review on microbial production of 1,2-propanediol: micro-organisms, metabolic pathways, and metabolic engineering. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:216. [PMID: 34794503 PMCID: PMC8600716 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Propanediol is an important building block as a component used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resin, antifreeze, biofuel, nonionic detergent, etc. Commercial production of 1,2-propanediol through microbial biosynthesis is limited by low efficiency, and chemical production of 1,2-propanediol requires petrochemically derived routes involving wasteful power consumption and high pollution emissions. With the development of various strategies based on metabolic engineering, a series of obstacles are expected to be overcome. This review provides an extensive overview of the progress in the microbial production of 1,2-propanediol, particularly the different micro-organisms used for 1,2-propanediol biosynthesis and microbial production pathways. In addition, outstanding challenges associated with microbial biosynthesis and feasible metabolic engineering strategies, as well as perspectives on the future microbial production of 1,2-propanediol, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Yang Bu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Li Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Juan Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Yasawong M, Yu B. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide from nicotinamide. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2581-2591. [PMID: 34310854 PMCID: PMC8601175 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a key intermediate of an essential coenzyme for cellular redox reactions, NAD. Administration of NMN is reported to improve various symptoms, such as diabetes and age-related physiological decline. Thus, NMN is attracting much attention as a promising nutraceutical. Here, we engineered an Escherichia coli strain to produce NMN from cheap substrate nicotinamide (NAM) and glucose. The supply of in vivo precursor phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and ATP was enhanced by strengthening the metabolic flux from glucose. A nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase with high activity was newly screened, which is the key enzyme for converting NAM to NMN with PRPP as cofactor. Notably, the E. coli endogenous protein YgcS, which function is primarily in the uptake of sugars, was firstly proven to be beneficial for NMN production in this study. Fine-tuning regulation of ygcS gene expression in the engineered E. coli strain increased NMN production. Combined with process optimization of whole-cell biocatalysts reaction, a final NMN titre of 496.2 mg l-1 was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Montri Yasawong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Program on Environmental ToxicologyChulabhorn Graduate InstituteChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkok10210Thailand
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of MycologyInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- China‐Thailand Joint Laboratory on Microbial BiotechnologyBeijingChina
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Yuan X, Mao Y, Tu S, Lin J, Shen H, Yang L, Wu M. Increasing NADPH Availability for Xylitol Production via Pentose-Phosphate-Pathway Gene Overexpression and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas-Pathway Gene Deletion in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9625-9631. [PMID: 34382797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cofactor availability is often a rate-limiting factor in the bioconversion of xylose to xylitol. The overexpression of pentose phosphate pathway genes and the deletion of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway genes can modulate the glucose metabolic flux and increase the intracellular NADPH supply, enabling Escherichia coli cells to produce xylitol from corncob hydrolysates. The effects of zwf and/or gnd overexpression and pfkA, pfkB, and/or pgi deletion on the intracellular redox environment and xylitol production were examined. The NADPH-enhanced strain 2bpgi produced 162 g/L xylitol from corncob hydrolysates after a 76 h fed-batch fermentation in a 15 L bioreactor, which was 13.3% greater than the 143 g/L xylitol produced by the IS5-d control strain. Additionally, the xylitol productivity and xylitol yield per glucose for 2bpgi were 2.13 g/L/h and 2.50 g/g, respectively. Thus, the genetic modifications in 2bpgi significantly enhanced NADPH regeneration, making 2bpgi a potentially useful strain for the industrial-scale production of xylitol from detoxified corncob hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yudi Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Shuai Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, PR China
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11
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Bai SK, Hong Y, Wu YR. Emerging technologies for genetic modification of solventogenic clostridia: From tool to strategy development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125222. [PMID: 33951568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solventogenic clostridia has been considered as one of the most potential microbial cell factories for biofuel production in the biorefinery industry. However, the inherent shortcomings of clostridia strains such as low productivity, by-products formation and toxic tolerance still strongly restrict the large-scale application. Therefore, concerns regarding the genetic modification of solventogenic clostridia have spurred interests into the development of modern gene-editing tools. In this review, we summarize the latest advances of genetic tools involved in modifying solventogenic clostridia. Following a systematic comparison on their respective characteristics, we then review the corresponding strategies for overcoming the obstacles to the enhanced production. Discussing the progress of other microbial cell factories for solventogenesis, we finally describe the key challenges and trends with valuable recommendations for future large-scale biosolvent industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Bai
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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12
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Fine tuning the glycolytic flux ratio of EP-bifido pathway for mevalonate production by enhancing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf) and CRISPRi suppressing 6-phosphofructose kinase (PfkA) in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:32. [PMID: 33531004 PMCID: PMC7852082 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural glycolysis encounters the decarboxylation of glucose partial oxidation product pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, where one-third of the carbon is lost at CO2. We previously constructed a carbon saving pathway, EP-bifido pathway by combining Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, Pentose Phosphate Pathway and "bifid shunt", to generate high yield acetyl-CoA from glucose. However, the carbon conversion rate and reducing power of this pathway was not optimal, the flux ratio of EMP pathway and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) needs to be precisely and dynamically adjusted to improve the production of mevalonate (MVA). RESULT Here, we finely tuned the glycolytic flux ratio in two ways. First, we enhanced PPP flux for NADPH supply by replacing the promoter of zwf on the genome with a set of different strength promoters. Compared with the previous EP-bifido strains, the zwf-modified strains showed obvious differences in NADPH, NADH, and ATP synthesis levels. Among them, strain BP10BF accumulated 11.2 g/L of MVA after 72 h of fermentation and the molar conversion rate from glucose reached 62.2%. Second, pfkA was finely down-regulated by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) system. The MVA yield of the regulated strain BiB1F was 8.53 g/L, and the conversion rate from glucose reached 68.7%. CONCLUSION This is the highest MVA conversion rate reported in shaken flask fermentation. The CRISPRi and promoter fine-tuning provided an effective strategy for metabolic flux redistribution in many metabolic pathways and promotes the chemicals production.
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13
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Wu H, Tian D, Fan X, Fan W, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Wen C, Ma Q, Chen N, Xie X. Highly Efficient Production of l-Histidine from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1813-1822. [PMID: 32470291 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
l-Histidine is a functional amino acid with numerous therapeutic and ergogenic properties. It is one of the few amino acids that is not produced on a large scale by microbial fermentation due to the lack of an efficient microbial cell factory. In this study, we demonstrated the engineering of wild-type Escherichia coli to overproduce histidine from glucose. First, removal of transcription attenuation and histidine-mediated feedback inhibition resulted in 0.8 g/L histidine accumulation. Second, chromosome-based optimization of the expression levels of histidine biosynthesis genes led to a 4.75-fold increase in histidine titer. Third, strengthening phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate supply and rerouting the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway improved the histidine production to 8.2 g/L. Fourth, introduction of the NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis and the lysine exporter from Corynebacterium glutamicum enabled the final strain HW6-3 to produce 11.8 g/L histidine. Finally, 66.5 g/L histidine was produced under fed-batch fermentation, with a yield of 0.23 g/g glucose and a productivity of 1.5 g/L/h. This is the highest titer and productivity of histidine ever reported from an engineered strain. Additionally, the metabolic strategies utilized here can be applied to engineering other microorganisms for the industrial production of histidine and related bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Daoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Weiming Fan
- Zhejiang Zhenyuan Pharmaceutial Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, 312071, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xixian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
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14
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Matsuoka Y, Kurata H. Computer-Aided Rational Design of Efficient NADPH Production System by Escherichia coli pgi Mutant Using a Mixture of Glucose and Xylose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:277. [PMID: 32318559 PMCID: PMC7154054 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass can be hydrolyzed into two major sugars of glucose and xylose, and thus the strategy for the efficient consumption of both sugars is highly desirable. NADPH is the essential molecule for the production of industrially important value-added chemicals, and thus its availability is quite important. Escherichia coli mutant lacking the pgi gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) has been preferentially used to overproduce the NADPH. However, there exists a disadvantage that the cell growth rate becomes low for the mutant grown on glucose. This limits the efficient NADPH production, and therefore, it is quite important to investigate how addition of different carbon source such as xylose (other than glucose) effectively improves the NADPH production. In this study, we have developed a kinetic model to propose an efficient NADPH production system using E. coli pgi-knockout mutant with a mixture of glucose and xylose. The proposed system adds xylose to glucose medium to recover the suppressed growth of the pgi mutant, and determines the xylose content to maximize the NADPH productivity. Finally, we have designed a mevalonate (MVA) production system by implementing ArcA overexpression into the pgi-knockout mutant using a mixture of glucose and xylose. In addition to NADPH overproduction, the accumulation of acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) is necessary for the efficient MVA production. In the present study, therefore, we considered to overexpress ArcA, where ArcA overexpression suppresses the TCA cycle, causing the overflow of AcCoA, a precursor of MVA. We predicted the xylose content that maximizes the MVA production. This approach demonstrates the possibility of a great progress in the computer-aided rational design of the microbial cell factories for useful metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsuoka
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan.,Biomedical Informatics R&D Center, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
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15
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Aiguo Z, Meizhi Z. Production of 5-aminolevulinic acid from glutamate by overexpressing HemA1 and pgr7 from Arabidopsis thaliana in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:175. [PMID: 31673852 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The important metabolic intermediate 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is useful for cancer treatment or plant growth regulation and has consequently received much attention. In this study, we introduced the HemA1 and pgr7 genes from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana into recombinant Escherichia coli to overproduce extracellular 5-aminolevulinic acid via the C5 pathway. In the E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain background, the ALA concentration of the strain expressing both HemA1 and pgr7 was the highest and reached 3080.62 mg/L. Among the 7 tested hosts, ALA production was the highest in E. coli Transetta (DE3). In E. coli Transetta GTR/GBP, the expression levels of zwf, gnd, pgl and RhtA were upregulated. Glutamate induced the expression of the GltJ, GltK, GltL and GltS genes that are in involved in glutamate uptake. The recombinant E. coli Transetta GTR/GBP was able to produce 7642 mg/L ALA in modified minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L glutamate and 15 g/L glucose after 48 h of fermentation at 22 °C. The results provide persuading evidence for the efficient production of ALA from glucose and glutamate in E. coli expressing A. thaliana HemA1 and pgr7. Further optimization of the fermentation process should be done to improve the ALA production to an industrially relevant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Aiguo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhai Meizhi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Valle A, Cantero D, Bolívar J. Metabolic engineering for the optimization of hydrogen production in Escherichia coli: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:616-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Shimizu K, Matsuoka Y. Redox rebalance against genetic perturbations and modulation of central carbon metabolism by the oxidative stress regulation. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107441. [PMID: 31472206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The micro-aerophilic organisms and aerobes as well as yeast and higher organisms have evolved to gain energy through respiration (via oxidative phosphorylation), thereby enabling them to grow much faster than anaerobes. However, during respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are inherently (inevitably) generated, and threaten the cell's survival. Therefore, living organisms (or cells) must furnish the potent defense systems to keep such ROSs at harmless level, where the cofactor balance plays crucial roles. Namely, NADH is the source of energy generation (catabolism) in the respiratory chain reactions, through which ROSs are generated, while NADPH plays important roles not only for the cell synthesis (anabolism) but also for detoxifying ROSs. Therefore, the cell must rebalance the redox ratio by modulating the fluxes of the central carbon metabolism (CCM) by regulating the multi-level regulation machinery upon genetic perturbations and the change in the growth conditions. Here, we discuss about how aerobes accomplish such cofactor homeostasis against redox perturbations. In particular, we consider how single-gene mutants (including pgi, pfk, zwf, gnd and pyk mutants) modulate their metabolisms in relation to cofactor rebalance (and also by adaptive laboratory evolution). We also discuss about how the overproduction of NADPH (by the pathway gene mutation) can be utilized for the efficient production of useful value-added chemicals such as medicinal compounds, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and amino acids, all of which require NADPH in their synthetic pathways. We then discuss about the metabolic responses against oxidative stress, where αketoacids play important roles not only for the coordination between catabolism and anabolism, but also for detoxifying ROSs by non-enzymatic reactions, as well as for reducing the production of ROSs by repressing the activities of the TCA cycle and respiration (via carbon catabolite repression). Thus, we discuss about the mechanisms (basic strategies) that modulate the metabolism from respiration to respiro-fermentative metabolism causing overflow, based on the role of Pyk activity, affecting the NADPH production at the oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, and the roles of αketoacids for the change in the source of energy generation from the oxidative phosphorylation to the substrate level phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Shimizu
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan; Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Keio university, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.
| | - Yu Matsuoka
- Kyushu institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan.
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18
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Biological hydrogen production: molecular and electrolytic perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:116. [PMID: 31332538 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of renewable energy sources is an imperative task in order to replace fossil fuels and to diminish atmospheric pollution. Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising fuels for the future and implores further investigation to find eco-friendly ways toward viable production. Expansive processes like electrolysis and fossil fuels are currently being used to produce hydrogen. Biological hydrogen production (BHP) displays recyclable and economical traits, and is thus imperative for hydrogen economy. Three basic modes of BHP were investigated, including bio photolysis, photo fermentation and dark fermentation. Photosynthetic microorganisms could readily serve as powerhouses to successively produce this type of energy. Cyanobacteria, blue green algae (bio photolysis) and some purple non-sulfur bacteria (Photo fermentation) utilize solar energy and produce hydrogen during their metabolic processes. Ionic species, including hydrogen (H+) and electrons (e-) are combined into hydrogen gas (H2), with the use of special enzymes called hydrogenases in the case of bio photolysis, and nitrogenases catalyze the formation of hydrogen in the case of photo fermentation. Nevertheless, oxygen sensitivity of these enzymes is a drawback for bio photolysis and photo fermentation, whereas, the amount of hydrogen per unit substrate produced appears insufficient for dark fermentation. This review focuses on innovative advances in the bioprocess research, genetic engineering and bioprocess technologies such as microbial fuel cell technology, in developing bio hydrogen production.
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19
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Liu J, Li H, Xiong H, Xie X, Chen N, Zhao G, Caiyin Q, Zhu H, Qiao J. Two-stage carbon distribution and cofactor generation for improving l-threonine production of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:110-120. [PMID: 30252940 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L-Threonine, a kind of essential amino acid, has numerous applications in food, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries. Fermentative l-threonine production from glucose has been achieved in Escherichia coli. However, there are still several limiting factors hindering further improvement of l-threonine productivity, such as the conflict between cell growth and production, byproduct accumulation, and insufficient availability of cofactors (adenosine triphosphate, NADH, and NADPH). Here, a metabolic modification strategy of two-stage carbon distribution and cofactor generation was proposed to address the above challenges in E. coli THRD, an l-threonine producing strain. The glycolytic fluxes towards tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased in growth stage through heterologous expression of pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and citrate synthase, leading to improved glucose utilization and growth performance. In the production stage, the carbon flux was redirected into l-threonine synthetic pathway via a synthetic genetic circuit. Meanwhile, to sustain the transaminase reaction for l-threonine production, we developed an l-glutamate and NADPH generation system through overexpression of glutamate dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. This strategy not only exhibited 2.02- and 1.21-fold increase in l-threonine production in shake flask and bioreactor fermentation, respectively, but had potential to be applied in the production of many other desired oxaloacetate derivatives, especially those involving cofactor reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongji Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Enhancement of Bacitracin Production by NADPH Generation via Overexpressing Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Zwf in Bacillus licheniformis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1502-1514. [PMID: 30267286 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacitracin, a kind of cyclic peptide antibiotic mainly produced by Bacillus, has wide ranges of applications. NADPH generation plays an important role in amino acid synthesis, which might influence precursor amino acid supply for bacitracin production. In this study, we want to improve bacitracin yield by enhancing intracellular precursor amino acids via strengthening NAPDH generation pathways in the bacitracin industrial production strain Bacillus licheniformis DW2. Based on our results, strengthening of NADPH pathway genes (zwf, gnd, ppnk, pntAB, and udhA) could all improve bacitracin yields in DW2, and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Zwf overexpression strain DW2::Zwf displayed the best performance, the yield of which (886.43 U/mL) was increased by 12.43% compared to DW2 (788.40 U/mL). Then, the zwf transcriptional level and Zwf activity of DW2::Zwf were increased by 12.24-fold and 1.57-fold; NADPH and NADPH/NADH were enhanced by 61.24% and 90.63%, compared with those of DW2, respectively. Moreover, the concentrations of intracellular precursor amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, cysteine, ornithine, lysine, glutamic acid) were all enhanced obviously for bacitracin production in DW2::Zwf. Collectively, this research constructed a promising B. licheniformis strain for industrial production of bacitracin, more importantly, which revealed that strengthening of NADPH generation is an efficient strategy to improve precursor amino acid supplies for bacitracin production.
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21
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Wang H, Sun X, Wang L, Wu H, Zhao G, Liu H, Wang P, Zheng Z. Coproduction of menaquinone-7 and nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis using soybean curd residue as a renewable substrate combined with a dissolved oxygen control strategy. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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22
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Liu J, Li H, Zhao G, Caiyin Q, Qiao J. Redox cofactor engineering in industrial microorganisms: strategies, recent applications and future directions. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:313-327. [PMID: 29582241 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NAD and NADP, a pivotal class of cofactors, which function as essential electron donors or acceptors in all biological organisms, drive considerable catabolic and anabolic reactions. Furthermore, they play critical roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. However, many metabolic engineering efforts in industrial microorganisms towards modification or introduction of metabolic pathways, especially those involving consumption, generation or transformation of NAD/NADP, often induce fluctuations in redox state, which dramatically impede cellular metabolism, resulting in decreased growth performance and biosynthetic capacity. Here, we comprehensively review the cofactor engineering strategies for solving the problematic redox imbalance in metabolism modification, as well as their features, suitabilities and recent applications. Some representative examples of in vitro biocatalysis are also described. In addition, we briefly discuss how tools and methods from the field of synthetic biology can be applied for cofactor engineering. Finally, future directions and challenges for development of cofactor redox engineering are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Huang R, Chen H, Zhou W, Ma C, Zhang YHP. Engineering a thermostable highly active glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and its application to hydrogen production in vitro. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3203-3215. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Holistic bioengineering: rewiring central metabolism for enhanced bioproduction. Biochem J 2017; 474:3935-3950. [PMID: 29146872 PMCID: PMC5688466 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
What does it take to convert a living organism into a truly productive biofactory? Apart from optimizing biosynthesis pathways as standalone units, a successful bioengineering approach must bend the endogenous metabolic network of the host, and especially its central metabolism, to support the bioproduction process. In practice, this usually involves three complementary strategies which include tuning-down or abolishing competing metabolic pathways, increasing the availability of precursors of the desired biosynthesis pathway, and ensuring high availability of energetic resources such as ATP and NADPH. In this review, we explore these strategies, focusing on key metabolic pathways and processes, such as glycolysis, anaplerosis, the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, and NADPH production. We show that only a holistic approach for bioengineering — considering the metabolic network of the host organism as a whole, rather than focusing on the production pathway alone — can truly mold microorganisms into efficient biofactories.
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