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Wang X, Li S, Pang S, Liu Q, Song Y. Regulation of AreA on lipid biosynthesis under different nitrogen sources and C/N ratios in the model oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159537. [PMID: 39032627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides has been exploited as model filamentous fungi for studies of genetic manipulation of lipogenesis. It is widely recognized that lipid accumulation is increased when there is a lack of nitrogen source in oleaginous microorganism. Nitrogen metabolism in filamentous fungi is a complex process that can be regulated by the global nitrogen regulator AreA. In this study, we cultivated the areA-knockout and -overexpression strains obtained in our previous study, using 20 different nitrogen sources. It emerged that the disruption of AreA in M. circinelloides reduced its sensitivity to nitrogen availability, resulting in increased lipid synthesis. Specially, the areA-knockout strain was unable to fully utilize many nitrogen sources but the ammonium and glutamate. We continued to investigate lipid production at different molar C/N ratios using glucose as sole carbon source and ammonium sulfate as sole nitrogen source, of which the high C/N ratios activate high lipid accumulation. By comparing the experimental results with transcriptional analysis, we were able to identify the optimal process conditions suitable for lipid accumulation and potential targets for future metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxian Pang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China.
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2
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Alavianghavanini A, Shayesteh H, Bahri PA, Vadiveloo A, Moheimani NR. Microalgae cultivation for treating agricultural effluent and producing value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169369. [PMID: 38104821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated within agricultural sectors such as dairies, piggeries, poultry farms, and cattle meat processing plants is expected to reach 600 million m3 yr-1 globally. Currently, the wastewater produced by these industries are primarily treated by aerobic and anaerobic methods. However, the treated effluent maintains a significant concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. On the other hand, the valorisation of conventional microalgae biomass into bioproducts with high market value still requires expensive processing pathways such as dewatering and extraction. Consequently, cultivating microalgae using agricultural effluents shows the potential as a future technology for producing value-added products and treated water with low nutrient content. This review explores the feasibility of growing microalgae on agricultural effluents and their ability to remove nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus. In addition to evaluating the market size and value of products from wastewater-grown microalgae, we also analysed their biochemical characteristics including protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and pigment content. Furthermore, we assessed the costs of both upstream and downstream processing of biomass to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic potential of the process. The findings from this study are expected to facilitate further techno-economic and feasibility assessments by providing insights into optimized processing pathways and ultimately leading to the reduction of costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Alavianghavanini
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hajar Shayesteh
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Murdoch University, 90 South street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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3
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Ye Y, Liu M, Yu L, Sun H, Liu J. Nannochloropsis as an Emerging Algal Chassis for Light-Driven Synthesis of Lipids and High-Value Products. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:54. [PMID: 38393025 PMCID: PMC10890015 DOI: 10.3390/md22020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of the escalating global energy crisis, microalgae have emerged as highly promising producers of biofuel and high-value products. Among these microalgae, Nannochloropsis has received significant attention due to its capacity to generate not only triacylglycerol (TAG) but also eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and valuable carotenoids. Recent advancements in genetic tools and the field of synthetic biology have revolutionized Nannochloropsis into a powerful biofactory. This comprehensive review provides an initial overview of the current state of cultivation and utilization of the Nannochloropsis genus. Subsequently, our review examines the metabolic pathways governing lipids and carotenoids, emphasizing strategies to enhance oil production and optimize carbon flux redirection toward target products. Additionally, we summarize the utilization of advanced genetic manipulation techniques in Nannochloropsis. Together, the insights presented in this review highlight the immense potential of Nannochloropsis as a valuable model for biofuels and synthetic biology. By effectively integrating genetic tools and metabolic engineering, the realization of this potential becomes increasingly feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Meijing Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (L.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Center for Algae Innovation & Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Li R, Song M, Yin D, Ye X, Yu J, Chen X. Indole-3-acetic acid mediated removal of sludge toxicity by microalgae: Focus on the role of extracellular polymeric substances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129700. [PMID: 37604255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of indole-3-acid (IAA) as an additive aided in achieving the objectives of reducing sludge extract toxicity, increasing Tetradesmus obliquus biomass yield, and enhancing extracellular polysaccharide production. Proteomics analysis can unveil the microalgae's response mechanism to sludge toxicity stress. With 10-6 M IAA addition, microalgae biomass reached 3.426 ± 0.067 g/L. Sludge extract demonstrated 78.3 ± 3.2% total organic carbon removal and 72.2 ± 2.1% toxicity removal. Extracellular polysaccharides and proteins witnessed 2.08 and 1.76-fold increments, respectively. Proteomic analysis indicated that Tetradesmus obliquus directed carbon sources towards glycogen accumulation and amino acid synthesis, regulating pathways associated with carbon metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, and amino acid metabolism) to adapt to the stressful environment. These findings lay the groundwork for future waste sludge treatment and offer novel insights into microalgae cultivation and extracellular polysaccharide enrichment in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meijing Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Danning Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiurong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Li S, Xie P, Chang H, Ho SH. Simultaneously enhancement in the assimilation of microalgal nitrogen and the accumulation of carbohydrate by Debaryomyces hansenii. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139183. [PMID: 37302499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based techniques are considered an alternative to traditional activated sludge processes for removing nitrogen from wastewater. Bacteria consortia have been broadly conducted as one of the most important partners. However, fungal effects on the removal of nutrients and changes in physiological properties of microalgae, and their impact mechanisms remain unclear. The current work demonstrates that, adding fungi increased the nitrogen assimilation of microalgae and the generation of carbohydrates compared to pure microalgal cultivation. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was 95.0% within 48 h using the microalgae-fungi system. At 48 h, total sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) accounted for 24.2 ± 4.2% per dry weight in the microalgae-fungi group. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that, among various processes, phosphorylation and carbohydrate metabolic processes were more prominent. Gene encoding the key enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase, and phosphofructokinase were significantly up-regulated. Overall, for the first time, this study provides new insights into the art of microalgae-fungi consortia for producing value-added metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
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6
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Young AR, Minocha R, Long S, Drake JE, Yanai RD. Patterns of physical, chemical, and metabolic characteristics of sugar maple leaves with depth in the crown and in response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad043. [PMID: 37040317 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Few previous studies have described patterns of leaf characteristics in response to nutrient availability and depth in the crown. Sugar maple has been studied for both sensitivity to light, as a shade-tolerant species, and sensitivity to soil nutrient availability, as a species in decline due to acid rain. To explore leaf characteristics from the top to bottom of the canopy, we collected leaves along a vertical gradient within mature sugar maple crowns in a full-factorial nitrogen by phosphorus addition experiment in three forest stands in central New Hampshire, USA. Thirty-two of the 44 leaf characteristics had significant relationships with depth in the crown, with the effect of depth in the crown strongest for leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and polyamines. Nitrogen addition had a strong impact on the concentration of foliar N, chlorophyll, carotenoids, alanine, and glutamate. For several other elements and amino acids, N addition changed patterns with depth in the crown. Phosphorus addition increased foliar P and B; it also caused a steeper increase of P and B with depth in the crown. Since most of these leaf characteristics play a direct or indirect role in photosynthesis, metabolic regulation, or cell division, studies that ignore the vertical gradient may not accurately represent whole-canopy performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Young
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Syracuse, NY, 13210
| | - Rakesh Minocha
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, 03824
| | - Stephanie Long
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH, 03824
| | - John E Drake
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Syracuse, NY, 13210
| | - Ruth D Yanai
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry. Syracuse, NY, 13210
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7
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Wang Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Yang S, He Y, Mou H, Sun H. Altering autotrophic carbon metabolism of Nitzschia closterium to mixotrophic mode for high-value product improvement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128596. [PMID: 36638896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) strategy was designed to evolve autotrophic Nitzschia closterium to mixotrophic growth for high productivity of essential amino acid (EAA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and fucoxanthin. The N. closterium growth was limited under glucose initially, but a red light emitting diode was innovatively applied to modify carbon metabolism and obtain mixotrophic strain of N. closterium GM. The N. closterium GM biomass concentration was improved by 65.07% comparing with wild type, but exhibited weak photosynthesis and strong glucose metabolism. At carbon metabolism levels, ALE promoted NADPH oxidase activity and induced protein degradation to lipid biosynthesis by elevating acetyl-CoA and pyruvate contents. It also improved carbon flux to TCA cycle, and elevated contents of glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate for providing sufficient ATP and NADPH. Productivities of EPA, EAA and fucoxanthin were increased by 41.0%, 18.8% and 20.4%, respectively. This ALE strategy was promising in microalgal production of high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ziqiang Gu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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8
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Alternative Splicing in the Nitrogen Starvation Response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a regulatory mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation that plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses. However, corresponding research involving the mechanism of AS in the nitrogen starvation response of C. reinhardtii is rare. This study performed a comprehensive and systematic analysis of AS events in C. reinhardtii at nine time points (0 h, 10 m, 30 m, 1 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h) under nitrogen starvation. It used STAR and rMATS tools to identify and quantify the probability of the AS event happening through the transcriptome high-throughput sequencing data. A total of 5806 AS events in 3500 genes were identified, and the retained intron and skipped exon were considered the main AS types. The genes related to the AS event in nitrogen starvation were mainly involved in spliceosome and transporter and enriched in the citrate cycle and fatty acid degradation pathways. These results suggested that AS may play an important role in the nitrogen starvation response in C. reinhardtii, and provided insights into post-transcriptional regulation under nitrogen starvation.
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9
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Shen XF, Xu YP, Tong XQ, Huang Q, Zhang S, Gong J, Chu FF, Zeng RJ. The mechanism of carbon source utilization by microalgae when co-cultivated with photosynthetic bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128152. [PMID: 36265788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) co-culture, which is promising for wastewater treatment and lipid production, is lacking of study. In this work, the combinations of 3 microalgae and 3 PSB strains were firstly screened and then different inoculation ratios of the co-cultures were investigated. It was found the best promotion was Chlorella pyrenoidosa/Rhodobacter capsulatus co-culture (1:1), where the biomass productivity, acetate assimilation rate and lipid productivity were 1.64, 1.61 and 2.79 times than that of the sum of pure microalgae and PSB cultures, respectively. Meanwhile, the inoculation ratio significantly affected the growth rate and lipid productivity of co-culture systems. iTRAQ analysis showed that PSB played a positive effect on acetate assimilation, TCA cycle and glyoxylate cycle of microalgae, but decreased the carbon dioxide utilization and photosynthesis, indicating PSB promoted the microalgae metabolism of organic carbon utilization and weakened inorganic carbon utilization. These findings provide in-depth understanding of carbon utilization in microalgae-PSB co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qin Tong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Jing Gong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Chu
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, PR China.
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10
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Graff Reis J, Dai Prá I, Michelon W, Viancelli A, Piedrahita Marquez DG, Schmitz C, Maraschin M, Moura S, Thaís Silva I, de Oliveira Costa G, Tizziani T, Sandjo LP, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Characterization of Planktochlorella nurekis Extracts and Virucidal Activity against a Coronavirus Model, the Murine Coronavirus 3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15823. [PMID: 36497896 PMCID: PMC9735810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain members of the Coronaviridae family have emerged as zoonotic agents and have recently caused severe respiratory diseases in humans and animals, such as SARS, MERS, and, more recently, COVID-19. Antivirals (drugs and antiseptics) capable of controlling viruses at the site of infection are scarce. Microalgae from the Chlorellaceae family are sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor activity. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate various extracts from Planktochlorella nurekis in vitro against murine coronavirus-3 (MHV-3), which is an essential human coronavirus surrogate for laboratory assays. Methanol, hexane, and dichloromethane extracts of P. nurekis were tested in cells infected with MHV-3, and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and the application of chemometrics through principal component analysis (PCA). All the extracts were highly efficient against MHV-3 (more than a 6 Log unit reduction), regardless of the solvent used or the concentration of the extract, but the dichloromethane extract was the most effective. Chemical characterization by spectrophotometry and NMR, with the aid of statistical analysis, showed that polyphenols, carbohydrates, and isoprene derivatives, such as terpenes and carotenoids have a more significant impact on the virucidal potential. Compounds identified by UPLC-MS were mainly lipids and only found in the dichloromethane extract. These results open new biotechnological possibilities to explore the biomass of P. nurekis; it is a natural extract and shows low cytotoxicity and an excellent antiviral effect, with low production costs, highlighting a promising potential for development and implementation of therapies against coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Graff Reis
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dai Prá
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - William Michelon
- Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia Civil, Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade do Contestado Concórdia, Concórdia 89520-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Viancelli
- Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia Civil, Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade do Contestado Concórdia, Concórdia 89520-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Schmitz
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-000, SC, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- LBIOP—Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, RS, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Geovanna de Oliveira Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Department of Chemistry, CFM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Department of Chemistry, CFM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Louis P. Sandjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Department of Chemistry, CFM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Section, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Centre for Emerging pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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11
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Mehta AK, Chakraborty S. Multiscale modelling of mixotrophic algal growth in pilot-scale photobioreactors and its application to microalgal cultivation using wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113952. [PMID: 35934141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This multiscale model quantifies transport and reaction processes in mixotrophic microalgal growth at three characteristic length scales, namely, macro (photobioreactor), meso (algal cell), micro (organelles). The macro and the meso scale equations capture the temporal dynamics of the transport of CO2, O2, H+, organic carbon and nitrogen sources in the photobioreactor and the cell, respectively, while the micro scale quantifies the reaction rates of CO2 fixation and photorespiration in the chloroplast, and mitochondrial respiration. Our model is validated using our experiments (R2 = 0.96-0.99) on urea, CO2 (0.04-5%), and acetic acid-mediated mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana for 138 h using municipal wastewater (with and without media) at 11,000 lx light in 25-liter pilot-scale bubble-column photobioreactors, which produces 0.47-2.74 g/L biomass with 22.8-29.6% lipids, while reducing the COD, ammonium, phosphate, nickel, and H+ concentrations by 65-89%. The alga assimilates the ammonium and the phosphates present in wastewater into amino acids and ATP, respectively. Our simulations quantify the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of mixotrophic biomass yield to find the optimal inlet CO2 concentration (of 3%) that synergizes autotrophic CO2 sequestration with heterotrophic assimilation of organic carbon, thereby maximizing both autotrophic and heterotrophic growths. Super-optimal levels of inlet CO2 acidify the stroma of the chloroplast, inhibit RuBisCo's enzymatic activity for CO2 fixation in the Calvin Cycle, decelerate carrier-mediated uptake of acetate, and reduce biomass yields. Our harvesting process drastically reduces the algal harvesting time to less than 29 min. This multiscale reaction-transport model provides a useful tool for further scaling up this pilot-scale technology that synergistically integrates CO2 sequestration and wastewater treatment with rapid microalgal cultivation (using municipal wastewater without autoclaving) and cost-effective harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Mehta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Biological Systems Engineering, Plaksha University, Mohali, 140306, India.
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Cai Y, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. The relationship between amino acid and lipid metabolism in oleaginous eukaryotic microorganism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3405-3417. [PMID: 35503470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, promoting the balance between growth and lipid synthesis. However, the accumulation of microbial lipids involves multiple pathways, which requires the analysis of the global cellular metabolic network in which amino acid metabolism is involved. This review illustrates the dependence patterns of intracellular amino acids and lipids of oleaginous eukaryotic microorganisms in different environments and points out the contribution of amino acid metabolic precursors to the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. We emphasized the key role of amino acid metabolism in lipid remodeling and autophagy behavior and highlighted the regulatory effects of amino acids and their secondary metabolites as signal factors for microbial lipid synthesis. The application prospects of omics technology and genetic engineering technology in the field of microbial lipids are described. KEY POINTS: • Overview of microbial lipid synthesis mediated by amino acid metabolism • Insight into metabolic mechanisms founding multiple regulatory networks is provided • Description of microbial lipid homeostasis mediated by amino acid excitation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 5: , 27127, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Acquisition of desiccation tolerance in Haematococcus pluvialis requires photosynthesis and coincides with lipid and astaxanthin accumulation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Multi-Fold Enhancement of Tocopherol Yields Employing High CO2 Supplementation and Nitrate Limitation in Native Isolate Monoraphidium sp. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081315. [PMID: 35455994 PMCID: PMC9032582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocopherols are the highly active form of the antioxidant molecules involved in scavenging of free radicals and protect the cell membranes from reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we focused on employing carbon supplementation with varying nitrate concentrations to enhance the total tocopherol yields in the native isolate Monoraphidium sp. CABeR41. The total tocopherol productivity of NRHC (Nitrate replete + 3% CO2) supplemented was (306.14 µg·L−1 d−1) which was nearly 2.5-fold higher compared to NRVLC (Nitrate replete + 0.03% CO2) (60.35 µg·L−1 d−1). The best tocopherol productivities were obtained in the NLHC (Nitrate limited + 3% CO2) supplemented cells (734.38 µg·L−1 d−1) accompanied by a significant increase in cell biomass (2.65-fold) and total lipids (6.25-fold). Further, global metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was done in the defined conditions to elucidate the molecular mechanism during tocopherol accumulation. In the present study, the Monoraphidium sp. responded to nitrogen limitation by increase in nitrogen assimilation, with significant upregulation in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Moreover, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle upregulation depicted increased availability of carbon skeletons and reducing power, which is leading to increased biomass yields along with the other biocommodities. In conclusion, our study depicts valorization of carbon dioxide as a cost-effective alternative for the enhancement of biomass along with tocopherols and other concomitant products like lipids and carotenoids in the indigenous strain Monoraphidium sp., as an industrial potential strain with relevance in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Ummalyma SB, Sirohi R, Udayan A, Yadav P, Raj A, Sim SJ, Pandey A. Sustainable microalgal biomass production in food industry wastewater for low-cost biorefinery products: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:1-23. [PMID: 35431709 PMCID: PMC9006494 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as cell factories enriched with biochemicals suitable as feedstock for bio-energy, food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals applications. The industrial application of microalgae is challenging due to hurdles associated with mass cultivation and biomass recovery. The scale-up production of microalgal biomass in freshwater is not a sustainable solution due to the projected increase of freshwater demands in the coming years. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater is encouraged in recent years for sustainable bioeconomy from biorefinery processes. Wastewater from the food industry is a less-toxic growth medium for microalgal biomass production. Traditional wastewater treatment and management processes are expensive; hence it is highly relevant to use low-cost wastewater treatment processes with revenue generation through different products. Microalgae are accepted as potential biocatalysts for the bioremediation of wastewater. Microalgae based purification of wastewater technology could be a universal alternative solution for the recovery of resources from wastewater for low-cost biomass feedstock for industry. This review highlights the importance of microalgal biomass production in food processing wastewater, their characteristics, and different microalgal cultivation methods, followed by nutrient absorption mechanisms. Towards the end of the review, different microalgae biomass harvesting processes with biorefinery products, and void gaps that tend to hinder the biomass production with future perspectives will be intended. Thus, the review could claim to be valuable for sustainable microalgae biomass production for eco-friendly bioproduct conversions. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- DBT- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, An Autonomus Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt.of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795 001 India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136 713 Republic of Korea
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 029 India
| | - Aswathy Udayan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Environmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Abhay Raj
- Environmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136 713 Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 029 India
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007 India
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16
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Latest Expansions in Lipid Enhancement of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production: An Update. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research progress on sustainable and renewable biofuel has gained motion over the years, not just due to the rapid reduction of dwindling fossil fuel supplies but also due to environmental and potential energy security issues as well. Intense interest in microalgae (photosynthetic microbes) as a promising feedstock for third-generation biofuels has grown over recent years. Fuels derived from algae are now considered sustainable biofuels that are promising, renewable, and clean. Therefore, selecting the robust species of microalgae with substantial features for quality biodiesel production is the first step in the way of biofuel production. A contemporary investigation is more focused on several strategies and techniques to achieve higher biomass and triglycerides in microalgae. The improvement in lipid enhancement in microalgae species by genetic manipulation approaches, such as metabolic or genetic alteration, and the use of nanotechnology are the most recent ways of improving the production of biomass and lipids. Hence, the current review collects up-to-date approaches for microalgae lipid increase and biodiesel generation. The strategies for high biomass and high lipid yield are discussed. Additionally, various pretreatment procedures that may aid in lipid harvesting efficiency and improve lipid recovery rate are described.
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Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgae-Based Green Bio-Manufacturing—How Far From Us. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832097. [PMID: 35250947 PMCID: PMC8891535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang
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Curcuraci E, Manuguerra S, Messina CM, Arena R, Renda G, Ioannou T, Amato V, Hellio C, Barba FJ, Santulli A. Culture Conditions Affect Antioxidant Production, Metabolism and Related Biomarkers of the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020411. [PMID: 35204292 PMCID: PMC8869413 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyta) is a worldwide-distributed diatom with the ability to adapt and survive in different environmental habitats and nutrient-limited conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth performance, the total lipids productivity, the major categories of fatty acids, and the antioxidant content in P. tricornutum subjected for 15 days to nitrogen deprivation (N-) compared to standard culture conditions (N+). Furthermore, genes and pathways related to lipid biosynthesis (i.e., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase) and photosynthetic activity (i.e., ribulose-1,5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase and fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c binding protein B) were investigated through molecular approaches. P. tricornutum grown under starvation condition (N-) increased lipids production (42.5 ± 0.19 g/100 g) and decreased secondary metabolites productivity (phenolic content: 3.071 ± 0.17 mg GAE g-1; carotenoids: 0.35 ± 0.01 mg g−1) when compared to standard culture conditions (N+). Moreover, N deprivation led to an increase in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and a decrease in genes related to photosynthesis. These results could be used as indicators of nitrogen limitation for environmental or industrial monitoring of P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Curcuraci
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +39-923-560162 (C.M.M.); +34-963-544-972 (F.J.B.)
| | - Rosaria Arena
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Theodora Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vito Amato
- L’Avannotteria Società Agricola a Responsabilità Limitata, Contrada Triglia Scaletta, 91020 Petrosino, Italy;
| | - Claire Hellio
- LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.M.M.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +39-923-560162 (C.M.M.); +34-963-544-972 (F.J.B.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (E.C.); (S.M.); (R.A.); (G.R.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
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Shahid A, Siddiqui AJ, Musharraf SG, Liu CG, Malik S, Syafiuddin A, Boopathy R, Tarbiah NI, Gull M, Mehmood MA. Untargeted metabolomics of the alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Plectonema terebrans elucidated novel stress-responsive metabolic modulations. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104447. [PMID: 34890867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria are suitable candidates to study the effect of alkaline wastewater cultivation on molecular metabolic responses. In the present study, the impact of wastewater, alkalinity, and alkaline wastewater cultivation was studied on the biomass production, biochemical composition, and the alkalinity responsive molecular mechanism through metabolomics. The results suggested a 1.29 to 1.44-fold higher biomass production along with improved lipid, carbohydrate, and pigment production under alkaline wastewater cultivation. The metabolomics analysis showed 1.2-fold and 5.54-fold increase in the indole-acetic acid and phytoene biosynthesis which contributed to overall enhanced cell differentiation and photo-protectiveness. Furthermore, lower levels of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), and higher levels of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate suggested the efficient fixation of CO2 into biomass, and storage compounds including polysaccharides, lipids, and sterols. Interestingly, except L-histidine and L-phenylalanine, all the metabolites related to protein biosynthesis were downregulated in response to wastewater and alkaline wastewater cultivation. The cells protected themselves from alkalinity and nutrient stress by improving the biosynthesis of sterols, non-toxic antioxidants, and osmo-protectants. Alkaline wastewater cultivation regulated the activation of carbon concentration mechanism (CCM), glycolysis, fatty-acid biosynthesis, and shikimate pathway. The data revealed the importance of alkaline wastewater cultivation for improved CO2 fixation, wastewater treatment, and producing valuable bioproducts including phytoene, Lyso PC 18:0, and sterols. These metabolic pathways could be future targets of metabolic engineering for improving biomass and metabolite production. SIGNIFICANCE: Alkalinity is an imperative factor, responsible for the contamination control and biochemical regulation in cyanobactera, especially during the wastewater cultivation. Currently, understanding of alkaline wastewater responsive molecular mechanism is lacking and most of the studies are focused on transcriptomics of model organisms for this purpose. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the impact of wastewater and alkaline wastewater on the growth, CO2 assimilation, nutrient uptake, and associated metabolic modulations of the alkaliphilic cyanobacterium Plectonema terebrans BERC10. Results unveiled that alkaline wastewater cultivation regulated the activation of carbon concentration mechanism (CCM), glycolysis, fatty-acid biosynthesis, and shikimate pathway. It indicated the feasibility of alkaline wastewater as promising low-cost media for cyanobacterium cultivation. The identified stress-responsive pathways could be future genetic targets for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Chen-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sana Malik
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | | | - Munazza Gull
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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20
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Kato Y, Inabe K, Hidese R, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. Metabolomics-based engineering for biofuel and bio-based chemical production in microalgae and cyanobacteria: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126196. [PMID: 34710610 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an essential tool in modern synthetic biology based on the design-build-test-learn platform, is useful for obtaining a detailed understanding of cellular metabolic mechanisms through comprehensive analyses of the metabolite pool size and its dynamic changes. Metabolomics is critical to the design of a rational metabolic engineering strategy by determining the rate-limiting reaction and assimilated carbon distribution in a biosynthetic pathway of interest. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are promising photosynthetic producers of biofuels and bio-based chemicals, with high potential for developing a bioeconomic society through bio-based carbon neutral manufacturing. Metabolomics technologies optimized for photosynthetic organisms have been developed and utilized in various microalgal and cyanobacterial species. This review provides a concise overview of recent achievements in photosynthetic metabolomics, emphasizing the importance of microalgal and cyanobacterial cell factories that satisfy industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kato
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inabe
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Innovation and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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21
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Xiao X, Zhou Y, Liang Z, Lin R, Zheng M, Chen B, He Y. A novel two-stage heterotrophic cultivation for starch-to-protein switch to efficiently enhance protein content of Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126187. [PMID: 34710603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to firstly establish an efficient and novel two-stage cultivation process to produce microalgal biomass rich in protein using a heterotrophic Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17 strain. In the first-stage cultivation, to reduce the glucose and urea utilization, microalga achieved a high biomass at 40 g/L glucose and 1 g/L urea; meantime, the expression from starch biosynthesis genes of microalga was up-regulated under nitrogen-starvation conditions for starch accumulation (55.01%). In the second-stage cultivation, based on the over-compensation effect, Chlorella cells after the first-stage cultivation were further treated at 5 g/L glucose and 3 g/L urea to up-regulate starch degradation, central carbon metabolism and urea absorption genes expression to drive intracellular starch-to-protein switch for biosynthetic protein (59.75%). Moreover, microalga performed similar characteristics in a 10-L fermenter by the established process. Taken together, Chlorella sp. MBFJNU-17 was the promising candidate to produce high-value biomass enriched in protein by the established two-stage cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xiao
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Youcai Zhou
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhibo Liang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Rongzhao Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Mingmin Zheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
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22
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Arora N, Philippidis GP. Unraveling metabolic alterations in Chlorella vulgaris cultivated on renewable sugars using time resolved multi-omics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149504. [PMID: 34426316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inherent metabolic versatility of Chlorella vulgaris that enables it to metabolize both inorganic and organic carbon under various trophic modes of cultivation makes it a promising candidate for industrial applications. To shed light on the metabolic flexibility of this microalga, time resolved proteomic and metabolomic studies were conducted in three distinct trophic modes (autotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic) at two growth stages (end of linear growth at 6 days and during nutrient deprivation at 10 days). Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) hydrolysate was supplied to the cultivation medium as a renewable source of organic carbon mainly in the form of glucose. Integrated multi-omics data showed improved nitrogen assimilation, re-allocation, and recycling and increased levels of photosystem II (PS II) proteins indicating effective cellular quenching of excess electrons during mixotrophy. As external addition of organic carbon (glucose) to the cultivation medium decreases the cell's dependence on photosynthesis, an upregulation in the mitochondrial electron transport chain was recorded that led to increased cellular energy generation and hence higher growth rates under mixotrophy. Moreover, upregulation of the lipid-packaging proteins caleosin and 14_3_3 domain-containing protein resulted in maximum expression during mixotrophy suggesting a strong correlation between lipid synthesis, stabilization, and assembly. Overall, cells cultivated under mixotrophy showed better nutrient stress tolerance and redox balancing leading to higher biomass and lipid production. The study offers a panoramic view of the microalga's metabolic flexibility and contributes to a deeper understanding of the altered biochemical pathways that can be exploited to enhance algal productivity and commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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23
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Zeng L, Bi Y, Guo P, Bi Y, Wang T, Dong L, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Metabolic Analysis of Schizochytrium Mutants With High DHA Content Achieved With ARTP Mutagenesis Combined With Iodoacetic Acid and Dehydroepiandrosterone Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:738052. [PMID: 34869256 PMCID: PMC8637758 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.738052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High DHA production cost caused by low DHA titer and productivity of the current Schizochytrium strains is a bottleneck for its application in competition with traditional fish-oil based approach. In this study, atmospheric and room-temperature plasma with iodoacetic acid and dehydroepiandrosterone screening led to three mutants, 6–8, 6–16 and 6–23 all with increased growth and DHA accumulations. A LC/MS metabolomic analysis revealed the increased metabolism in PPP and EMP as well as the decreased TCA cycle might be relevant to the increased growth and DHA biosynthesis in the mutants. Finally, the mutant 6–23, which achieved the highest growth and DHA accumulation among all mutants, was evaluated in a 5 L fermentor. The results showed that the DHA concentration and productivity in mutant 6–23 were 41.4 g/L and 430.7 mg/L/h in fermentation for 96 h, respectively, which is the highest reported so far in literature. The study provides a novel strain improvement strategy for DHA-producing Schizochytrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zeng
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Bi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yali Bi
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
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24
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Liu X, Wei L, Zhang J, Zhu K, Zhang H, Hua G, Cheng H. Effects of sulfate ions on growth and lipid synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater with various carbon-to-nitrogen ratios altered by different ammonium and nitrate additions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125766. [PMID: 34416659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing biodiesel from microalgae is a promising strategy to upgrade energy structure. In this study, effects of sulfate (SO42-) on lipid synthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) cultivated in synthetic wastewater with different carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios regulated by ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N), separately, were investigated. The results shown that SO42- could dramatically increase cell growth preferring to NH4+-N supply. And SO42- addition could improve its carbon and nitrogen utilization potential for boosting lipid productivity leading α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) to occupy a dominant component (38.96%) in NH4+-N group at a C/N ratio of 7.5. Additionally, SO42- could enhance the enrichment and expression of up-regulated genes annotated in key enzymes such as GK, GNPAT, CRLS, plc and DEGS involved in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolic pathways, resulting in carbon metabolism enhancement and sulfatide accumulation. This study brings a comprehensive view towards nutritional regulation of lipid synthesis in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lin Wei
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Kongsong Zhu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guofen Hua
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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25
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Lo E, Arora N, Philippidis GP. Deciphering metabolic alterations in algae cultivated in spent media as means for enhancing algal biorefinery sustainability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125890. [PMID: 34543816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of unfiltered spent media during cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris was studied using metabolomics in an effort to enhance water and nutrient sustainability and reduce operating costs in algal biorefineries. Cultivation in spent media resulted in reduced biomass and lipid productivity by 14% and 19%, respectively, compared to fresh media. The decrease was related to a detected lower nutrient uptake. Nevertheless, carbohydrate content (28% of dry cell weight) and α-linolenic acid content (27 % of fatty acids) were higher in spent media cultures than in fresh media. Metabolomics analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed downregulation of nitrogen assimilation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, structural lipids, and energy metabolism, but upregulation of stress mitigation and carbohydrate synthesis. No growth was supported by spent media during a second cultivation cycle and was likely due to the identified extracellular accumulation of humic acid and free fatty acids that acted as growth auto-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlin Lo
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neha Arora
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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26
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Wang Z, Hao L, Ren Z, Lin CSK, Li Y. Metabolic profiling identified phosphatidylcholin as potential biomarker in boosting lipid accumulation in multiple microalgae. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Gao P, Guo L, Zhao Y, Jin C, She Z, Gao M. Enhancing microalgae growth and product accumulation with carbon source regulation: New perspective for the coordination between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130435. [PMID: 33838414 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coordination between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration under mixotrophic cultivation can make a difference to the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae. However, the response of carbon metabolism to carbon source composition under mixotrophic microalgae cultivation has not been well studied. In this study, the synergistic effects of inorganic carbon (IC) and organic carbon (OC) supply on the growth and carbon metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris under mixotrophic cultivation were investigated. The increase of the proportion of HCO3- had a positive effect on the expression of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), which promoted the biomass production and carbon fixing. The activity of citrate synthase was attenuated with the increase of IC/OC ratio, indicating that the energy needed for the biomass production in groups with high IC/OC ratio was contributed by photoreaction. Biochemical analysis showed that CO32- was more efficient than HCO3- for carbohydrate and lipid accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris, and the highest amount of carbohydrate (30.2%) and lipid (35.8%) was recorded with the combined use of CO32- and glucose. The results could provide a new perspective on carbon metabolism and enzyme regulation in mixotrophic microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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28
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Chen H, Wang Q. Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2373-2391. [PMID: 34101323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are highly promising feedstocks for biofuel production. Microalgal lipids, especially triacylglycerol, and practical applications of these compounds have received increasing attention in recent years. For the commercial use of microalgal lipids to be feasible, many fundamental biological questions must be addressed based on detailed studies of algal biology, including how lipid biosynthesis occurs and is regulated. Here, we review the current understanding of microalgal lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also present possible solutions for overcoming various obstacles to understanding the basic biology of microalgal lipid biosynthesis and the practical application of microalgae-based lipids. This review will provide a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly pertaining to microalgal-based lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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29
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Fais G, Malavasi V, Scano P, Soru S, Caboni P, Cao G. Metabolomics and lipid profile analysis of Coccomyxa melkonianii SCCA 048. Extremophiles 2021; 25:357-368. [PMID: 34057605 PMCID: PMC8254698 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With an unsupervised GC-MS metabolomics approach, polar metabolite changes of the microalgae Coccomyxa melkonianii SCCA 048 grown under standard conditions for seven weeks were studied. C. melkonianii was sampled at the Rio Irvi River, in the mining site of Montevecchio-Ingurtosu (Sardinia, Italy), which is severely contaminated by heavy metals and shows high concentrations of sulfates. The partial-least-square (PLS) analysis of the GC-MS data indicated that growth of C. melkonianii was characterized by an increase of the levels of threonic acid, myo-inositol, malic acid, and fumaric acid. Furthermore, at the sixth week of exponential phase the lipid fingerprint of C. melkonianii was studied by LC-QTOF-MS. C. melkonianii lipid extract characterized through an iterative MS/MS analysis showed the following percent levels: 61.34 ± 0.60% for triacylglycerols (TAG); 11.55 ± 0.09% for diacylglyceryltrimethyl homoserines (DGTS), 11.34 ± 0.10% for sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG) and, 5.29 ± 0.04% for lysodiacylglyceryltrimethyl homoserines (LDGTS). Noteworthy, we were able to annotate different fatty acid ester of hydroxyl fatty acid, such as FAHFA (18:1_20:3), FAHFA (18:2_20:4), FAHFA (18:0_20:2), and FAHFA (18:1_18:0), with relevant biological activity. These approaches can be useful to study the biochemistry of this extremophile algae in the view of its potential exploitation in the phycoremediation of polluted mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronica Malavasi
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Scano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Santina Soru
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, piazza d'Armi, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Metabolomic Study of Heterotrophically Grown Chlorella sp. Isolated from Wastewater in Northern Sweden. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092410. [PMID: 33919133 PMCID: PMC8122269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous strains of Chlorella with a corresponding variety of metabolic pathways. A strain we previously isolated from wastewater in northern Sweden can grow heterotrophically as well as autotrophically in light and has higher lipid contents under heterotrophic growth conditions. The aims of the present study were to characterize metabolic changes associated with the higher lipid contents in order to enhance our understanding of lipid production in microalgae and potentially identify new compounds with utility in sustainable development. Inter alia, the amino acids glutamine and lysine were 7-fold more abundant under heterotrophic conditions, the key metabolic intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glucose, and maltose was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glycerol than under autotrophic conditions. The metabolite 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, the direct precursor of the biodegradable plastic PHB (poly-3-hydroxy-butyric acid), was also more abundant under heterotrophic conditions. Our metabolomic analysis has provided new insights into the alga's lipid production pathways and identified metabolites with potential use in sustainable development, such as the production of renewable, biodegradable plastics, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals, with reduced pollution and improvements in both ecological and human health.
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31
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Perera IA, Abinandan S, R Subashchandrabose S, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Microalgal-bacterial consortia unveil distinct physiological changes to facilitate growth of microalgae. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6105210. [PMID: 33476378 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological changes that drive the microalgal-bacterial consortia are poorly understood so far. In the present novel study, we initially assessed five morphologically distinct microalgae for their ability in establishing consortia in Bold's basal medium with a bacterial strain, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, all isolated from wastewaters. Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 and Coelastrella sp. IS3 were further selected for gaining insights into physiological changes, including those of metabolomes in consortia involving V. paradoxus IS1. The distinct parameters investigated were pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipids and metabolites that are implicated in major metabolic pathways. There was a significant increase (>1.2-fold) in pigments, viz., chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, decrease in ROS and an enhanced lipid yield (>2-fold) in consortia than in individual cultures. In addition, the differential regulation of cellular metabolites such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids and phytohormones was distinct among the two microalgal-bacterial consortia. Our results thus indicate that the selected microalgal strains, T. obliquus IS2 and Coelastrella sp. IS3, developed efficient consortia with V. paradoxus IS1 by effecting the required physiological changes, including metabolomics. Such microalgal-bacterial consortia could largely be used in wastewater treatment and for production of value-added metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiri Adhiwarie Perera
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Sudharsanam Abinandan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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32
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Su Y. Revisiting carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus metabolisms in microalgae for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144590. [PMID: 33360454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Threats posed to humans - including environmental pollution, water scarcity, food shortages, and resource crises drive a new concept to think about wastewater and its treatment. Wastewater is not only a waste but also a source of energy, renewable and/or non-renewable resources, including water itself. The nutrient in wastewater should not only be removed but also need to be upcycled. Microalgae based wastewater treatment has attracted considerable interests because algae have the potential to efficiently redirect nutrients from wastewater to the accumulated algal biomass. Additionally, microalgae are commercialized in human consumption and animal feed owing to their high content of essential amino and fatty acids, vitamins, and pigments. The whole process establishes a circular economy, totally relying on the ability of microalgae to uptake and store nutrients in wastewater, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). It makes the study of the mechanisms underlying the uptake and storage of nutrients in microalgae of great interest. This review specifically aims to summarize C, N, and P metabolisms in microalgae for a better understanding of the microalgae-based wastewater treatment from the nutrient uptake pathway, and examine the key physiological factors or the operating conditions related to nutrient metabolisms that may affect the treatment efficiency. At last, I discuss the potential approaches to enhance the overall treatment performance by adjusting the critical parameters for C, N, and P metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Su
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Bjerregaardsvej 5, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
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33
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Ma R, Wang B, Chua ET, Zhao X, Lu K, Ho SH, Shi X, Liu L, Xie Y, Lu Y, Chen J. Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Microalgae for Enhanced Co-Production of Multiple Compounds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090467. [PMID: 32948074 PMCID: PMC7551828 DOI: 10.3390/md18090467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are regarded as potential feedstock because of their multiple valuable compounds, including lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins. Some of these compounds exhibit attractive bioactivities, such as carotenoids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, and peptides. However, the production cost of bioactive compounds is quite high, due to the low contents in marine microalgae. Comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for multiple compounds production instead of the sole product can be an efficient way to increase the economic feasibility of bioactive compounds production and improve the production efficiency. This paper discusses the metabolic network of marine microalgal compounds, and indicates their interaction in biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, potential applications of co-production of multiple compounds under various cultivation conditions by shifting metabolic flux are discussed, and cultivation strategies based on environmental and/or nutrient conditions are proposed to improve the co-production. Moreover, biorefinery techniques for the integral use of microalgal biomass are summarized. These techniques include the co-extraction of multiple bioactive compounds from marine microalgae by conventional methods, super/subcritical fluids, and ionic liquids, as well as direct utilization and biochemical or thermochemical conversion of microalgal residues. Overall, this review sheds light on the potential of the comprehensive utilization of marine microalgae for improving bioeconomy in practical industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Ma
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Elvis T. Chua
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xurui Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kongyong Lu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinguo Shi
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Youping Xie
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Technical Innovation Service Platform for High Value and High Quality Utilization of Marine Organism, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (R.M.); (K.L.); (S.-H.H.); (X.S.); (L.L.)
- Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Products Waste, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fuzhou Industrial Technology Innovation Center for High Value Utilization of Marine Products, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.C.); Tel.: +86-591-22866373 (Y.X. & J.C.)
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Kumar G, Shekh A, Jakhu S, Sharma Y, Kapoor R, Sharma TR. Bioengineering of Microalgae: Recent Advances, Perspectives, and Regulatory Challenges for Industrial Application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:914. [PMID: 33014997 PMCID: PMC7494788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, due to their complex metabolic capacity, are being continuously explored for nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and other industrially important bioactives. However, suboptimal yield and productivity of the bioactive of interest in local and robust wild-type strains are of perennial concerns for their industrial applications. To overcome such limitations, strain improvement through genetic engineering could play a decisive role. Though the advanced tools for genetic engineering have emerged at a greater pace, they still remain underused for microalgae as compared to other microorganisms. Pertaining to this, we reviewed the progress made so far in the development of molecular tools and techniques, and their deployment for microalgae strain improvement through genetic engineering. The recent availability of genome sequences and other omics datasets form diverse microalgae species have remarkable potential to guide strategic momentum in microalgae strain improvement program. This review focuses on the recent and significant improvements in the omics resources, mutant libraries, and high throughput screening methodologies helpful to augment research in the model and non-model microalgae. Authors have also summarized the case studies on genetically engineered microalgae and highlight the opportunities and challenges that are emerging from the current progress in the application of genome-editing to facilitate microalgal strain improvement. Toward the end, the regulatory and biosafety issues in the use of genetically engineered microalgae in commercial applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ajam Shekh
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Sunaina Jakhu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Ritu Kapoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Coulombier N, Nicolau E, Le Déan L, Barthelemy V, Schreiber N, Brun P, Lebouvier N, Jauffrais T. Effects of Nitrogen Availability on the Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoid Content of the Microalgae Nephroselmis sp. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E453. [PMID: 32872415 PMCID: PMC7551860 DOI: 10.3390/md18090453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephroselmis sp. was previously identified as a species of interest for its antioxidant properties owing to its high carotenoid content. In addition, nitrogen availability can impact biomass and specific metabolites' production of microalgae. To optimize parameters of antioxidant production, Nephroselmis sp. was cultivated in batch and continuous culture conditions in stirred closed photobioreactors under different nitrogen conditions (N-repletion, N-limitation, and N-starvation). The aim was to determine the influence of nitrogen availability on the peroxyl radical scavenging activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and carotenoid content of Nephroselmis sp. Pigment analysis revealed a specific and unusual photosynthetic system with siphonaxanthin-type light harvesting complexes found in primitive green algae, but also high lutein content and xanthophyll cycle pigments (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin), as observed in most advanced chlorophytes. The results indicated that N-replete conditions enhance carotenoid biosynthesis, which would correspond to a higher antioxidant capacity measured in Nephroselmis sp. Indeed, peroxyl radical scavenging activity and total carotenoids were higher under N-replete conditions and decreased sharply under N-limitation or starvation conditions. Considering individual carotenoids, siphonaxanthin, neoxanthin, xanthophyll cycle pigments, and lycopene followed the same trend as total carotenoids, while β-carotene and lutein stayed stable regardless of the nitrogen availability. Carotenoid productivities were also higher under N-replete treatment. The peroxyl radical scavenging activity measured with ORAC assay (63.6 to 154.9 µmol TE g-1 DW) and the lutein content (5.22 to 7.97 mg g-1 DW) were within the upper ranges of values reported previously for other microalgae. Furthermore, contents of siphonaxanthin ere 6 to 20% higher than in previous identified sources (siphonous green algae). These results highlight the potential of Nephroselmis sp. as a source of natural antioxidant and as a pigment of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, RBE/BRM/LPBA, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (E.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Loïc Le Déan
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Vanille Barthelemy
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Nathalie Schreiber
- Ifremer, RBE/BRM/LPBA, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (E.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Pierre Brun
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- ISEA, EA7484, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Campus de Nouville, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia;
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, BP 32078, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (L.L.D.); (V.B.); (P.B.); (T.J.)
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Zheng Y, Xue C, Chen H, He C, Wang Q. Low-Temperature Adaptation of the Snow Alga Chlamydomonas nivalis Is Associated With the Photosynthetic System Regulatory Process. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1233. [PMID: 32587584 PMCID: PMC7297934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alga Chlamydomonas nivalis thrives in polar snow fields and on high-altitude mountain tops, and contributes significantly on primary production in the polar regions, however, the mechanisms underlying this adaptation to low temperatures are unknown. Here, we compared the growth, photosynthetic activity, membrane lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of C. nivalis with those of the model alga C. reinhardtii, under grow temperature and low temperatures. C. nivalis maintained its photosynthetic activity in these conditions by reducing the light-harvesting ability of photosystem II and enhancing the cyclic electron transfer around photosystem I, both of which limited damage to the photosystem from excess light energy and resulted in ATP production, supporting cellular growth and other physiological processes. Furthermore, the increased cyclic electron transfer rate, carotenoid content, and antioxidant enzyme activities jointly regulated the reactive oxygen species levels in C. nivalis, enabling recovery from excess excitation energy and reduced photooxidative damage to the cell. Therefore, we propose a model in which adaptive mechanisms related to photosynthetic regulation promote the survival and even blooming of C. nivalis under polar environment, suggesting that C. nivalis can provide organic carbon sources as an important primary producer for other surrounding life in the polar regions for maintaining ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Xue
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chenliu He
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Yang J, Song X, Wang L, Cui Q. Comprehensive analysis of metabolic alterations in Schizochytrium sp. strains with different DHA content. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1160:122193. [PMID: 32949924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Along with the daily growth of the market requirements for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) algae oil, a large DHA ingredients are needed to ensure worldwide supply. Undoubtedly a high-productive strain would be the prerequisite for high quality and yield. A comprehensive understanding of the processes of DHA synthesis from glycolysis to the lipid accumulation would be benefit to achieve the final optimization of DHA production. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic profiles of a Schizochytrium sp. strain, which has higher DHA content and different biomass amino acid composition compared with the wild type to explore the affected pathways and underlying mechanism. Combined with the multivariate statistical analysis, twenty-two differential metabolites were screened as relevant to the discrepancy between two strains. The results showed relatively downregulated glycolysis and saturated fatty acids (SFA) synthesis, and upregulated TCA cycle, amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthesis in DHA high yield strain. The current study provide a terminal picture of gene regulation from downstream metabolism and demonstrate the advantage of metabolomics in characterizing metabolic status which in turn could provide effective information for the metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Weihai Baihe Biology Technological CO., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264300, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Weihai Baihe Biology Technological CO., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264300, China.
| | - Qiu Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China.
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Oosthuizen JR, Naidoo RK, Rossouw D, Bauer FF. Evolution of mutualistic behaviour between Chlorella sorokiniana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a synthetic environment. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:357-372. [PMID: 32385605 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yeast and microalgae are microorganisms with widely diverging physiological and biotechnological properties. Accordingly, their fields of applications diverge: yeasts are primarily applied in processes related to fermentation, while microalgae are used for the production of high-value metabolites and green technologies such as carbon capture. Heterotrophic-autotrophic systems and synthetic ecology approaches have been proposed as tools to achieve stable combinations of such evolutionarily unrelated species. We describe an entirely novel synthetic ecology-based approach to evolve co-operative behaviour between winery wastewater isolates of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. The data show that biomass production and mutualistic growth improved when co-evolved yeast and microalgae strains were paired together. Combinations of co-evolved strains displayed a range of phenotypes, including differences in amino acid profiles. Taken together, the results demonstrate that biotic selection pressures can lead to improved mutualistic growth phenotypes over relatively short time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Oosthuizen
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - R K Naidoo
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Rossouw
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - F F Bauer
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Harnessing C/N balance of Chromochloris zofingiensis to overcome the potential conflict in microalgal production. Commun Biol 2020; 3:186. [PMID: 32327698 PMCID: PMC7181789 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of high-value products in microalgae is not conducive with rapid cell growth, which is the potential conflict in microalgal production. Overcoming such conflict faces numerous challenges in comprehensively understanding cell behavior and metabolism. Here, we show a fully integrated interaction between cell behavior, carbon partitioning, carbon availability and path rate of central carbon metabolism, and have practically overcome the production conflict of Chromochloris zofingiensis. We demonstrate that elevated carbon availability and active path rate of precursors are determinants for product biosynthesis, and the former exhibits a superior potential. As protein content reaches a threshold value to confer survival advantages, carbon availability becomes the major limiting factor for product biosynthesis and cell reproduction. Based on integrated interaction, regulating the C/N balance by feeding carbon source under excess light increases content of high-value products without inhibiting cell growth. Our findings provide a new orientation to achieve great productivity improvements in microalgal production.
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Shen XF, Gao LJ, Zhou SB, Huang JL, Wu CZ, Qin QW, Zeng RJ. High fatty acid productivity from Scenedesmus obliquus in heterotrophic cultivation with glucose and soybean processing wastewater via nitrogen and phosphorus regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134596. [PMID: 31780158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on biodiesel production from Scenedesmus obliquus with glucose as the carbon source were investigated. It was found that sufficient phosphorus could further improve biodiesel production under nitrogen starvation. S. obliquus was cultivated in soybean processing wastewater. The removal efficiencies of carbon oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) after 8-day cultivation were 72%, 95%, and 54%, respectively. Moreover, the fatty acid productivity after eight-day cultivation reached as high as 99.3 mg·L-1·d-1, which was 1.15 times higher than the highest efficiency using a glucose culture. This result was due to two naturally-formed stages occurring with sufficient phosphorus: nitrogen sufficiency stage for biomass and nitrogen starvation stage for lipid accumulation. It verified the conclusion of the roles of nitrogen and phosphorus obtained in the glucose culture and provided an economic and environmentally friendly choice for biodiesel production with efficient soybean wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shen
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Lin-Jun Gao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Shou-Biao Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Jia-Le Huang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Chen-Zhi Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Qi-Wen Qin
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Center of Wastewater Resource Recovery, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China.
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Nair A, Chakraborty S. Synergistic effects between autotrophy and heterotrophy in optimization of mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in bubble-column photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Morowvat MH, Ghasemi Y. Effects of Sulfur Starvation on Growth Rates, Biomass and Lipid Contents in the Green Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2020; 14:145-153. [PMID: 31916524 DOI: 10.2174/1872208314666200109103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scenedesmus obliquus, a green unicellular chlorophycean microalga, is well-established as a lipid and biomass production platform. The nutrient starvation strategy is considered as a robust platform for lipid production from different microalgal strains. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to analyse the influences of sulfur starvation on the growth rates, and also biomass and lipid production and composition in a naturally isolated strain of S. obliquus. METHODS The BG-11 culture medium was utilized for preservation and microalgal growth. To monitor the cell growth rates, two different methods, including direct cell counting and also dry cell weight measurement were used. The study was conducted in 28 days composed of two distinct growth modes as 10 days of sulfur-rich and 18 days of sulfur starved media. RESULTS The studied S. obliquus strain displayed higher lipid and carbohydrate production levels (34.68% and 34.02%) in sulfur starved medium compared with the sulfur-rich medium (25.84% and 29.08%). Nevertheless, a noticeable reduction (51.36%) in biomass contents and also in cell growth rates (63.36%) was observed during sulfur starvation. The investigated strain was composed of some important fatty acids with potential applications as food, feed and biodiesel. CONCLUSION The observed results implied the possibility of the sulfur starvation strategy to increase lipid production in S. obliquus strain. Besides, the available data from recently published patents reveals the promising potential of the identified lipids from S. obliquus in this study for bioenergy production and other biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
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Qie F, Zhu J, Rong J, Zong B. Biological removal of nitrogen oxides by microalgae, a promising strategy from nitrogen oxides to protein production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122037. [PMID: 31474540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the components of fossil flue gases that give rise to serious environmental and health hazards. Among the available techniques for NOx removal, microalgae-based biological removal of NOx (BioDeNOx) is a promising and competent technology with eco-friendly path of low energy and low-cost solution for the pollution. In this review article, current biological technologies including bacteria-based and microalgae-related BioDeNOx are discussed. Comparing to direct BioDeNOx approach, indirect BioDeNOx by microalgae is more promising since it is more stable, reliable and efficient. By transforming inorganic nitrogen nutrients to organic nitrogen, microalgae can potentially play an important role in converting NOx into high-value added products. The microalgae-based BioDeNOx process displays an attractive prospect for flue gas treatment to reduce environmental NOx pollution and potentially supply protein products, establishing an efficient circular-economy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Qie
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junying Zhu
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Junfeng Rong
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Baoning Zong
- Research Centre of Renewable Energy, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Ding W, Li Q, Han B, Zhao Y, Geng S, Ning D, Ma T, Yu X. Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses of the hyper-accumulation of astaxanthin and lipids in Haematococcus pluvialis upon treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122002. [PMID: 31437797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to explore the functions of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) combined with abiotic stress on the cultivation of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid production. Here, the effect of BHA on astaxanthin and lipid accumulation and physiological and metabolomic profiles was investigated. These results suggested that astaxanthin content was increased by 2.17-fold compared to the control. The lipid content was enhanced by 1.22-fold. BHA treatment simultaneously reduced carbohydrates and protein and delayed the decay of chlorophyll. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis demonstrated that BHA upregulated and activated the bioprocesses involved in cellular basal metabolism and signalling systems, such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism and the phosphatidylinositol signalling system, thus enhancing astaxanthin and lipid accumulation. Altogether, this research shows the dramatic effects of BHA on algal metabolism in the regulation of key metabolic nodes and provides novel insights into microalgal regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Benyong Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongteng Zhao
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Xuya Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Lu Z, Zheng L, Liu J, Dai J, Song L. A novel fed-batch strategy to boost cyst cells production based on the understanding of intracellular carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121744. [PMID: 31323718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a prominent feedstock of astaxanthin. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) strongly influences the metabolic pathways of mixotrophic-grown microalgae, however, its role involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis is still not fully understood. In this study, integrative metabolic and physiologic profiles were analyzed in elucidating how C/N affected carbon and nitrogen assimilation and thereby exerted influence on astaxanthin biosynthesis. It was demonstrated that high C/N up-regulated the activities of acetate kinase by increase of 5.76 folds in early logarithmic phase, leading a significant increase of acetyl-CoA. The increased carbon skeletons were then funneled into astaxanthin biosynthesis. Additionally, high C/N increased the proportion of carotenoid-intermediates in cytoplasm from chloroplast. Finally, a fed-batch cultivation strategy based on C/N gradient was developed. Biomass attained 9.18 g L-1 in 100% type of immotile cyst cells, which presented astaxanthin productivity at 15.45 mg L-1 d-1 afterward, exhibiting a promising paradigm in commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Li CT, Yelsky J, Chen Y, Zuñiga C, Eng R, Jiang L, Shapiro A, Huang KW, Zengler K, Betenbaugh MJ. Utilizing genome-scale models to optimize nutrient supply for sustained algal growth and lipid productivity. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2019; 5:33. [PMID: 31583115 PMCID: PMC6760154 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-019-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability is critical for growth of algae and other microbes used for generating valuable biochemical products. Determining the optimal levels of nutrient supplies to cultures can eliminate feeding of excess nutrients, lowering production costs and reducing nutrient pollution into the environment. With the advent of omics and bioinformatics methods, it is now possible to construct genome-scale models that accurately describe the metabolism of microorganisms. In this study, a genome-scale model of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris (iCZ946) was applied to predict feeding of multiple nutrients, including nitrate and glucose, under both autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The objective function was changed from optimizing growth to instead minimizing nitrate and glucose uptake rates, enabling predictions of feed rates for these nutrients. The metabolic model control (MMC) algorithm was validated for autotrophic growth, saving 18% nitrate while sustaining algal growth. Additionally, we obtained similar growth profiles by simultaneously controlling glucose and nitrate supplies under heterotrophic conditions for both high and low levels of glucose and nitrate. Finally, the nitrate supply was controlled in order to retain protein and chlorophyll synthesis, albeit at a lower rate, under nitrogen-limiting conditions. This model-driven cultivation strategy doubled the total volumetric yield of biomass, increased fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield by 61%, and enhanced lutein yield nearly 3 fold compared to nitrogen starvation. This study introduces a control methodology that integrates omics data and genome-scale models in order to optimize nutrient supplies based on the metabolic state of algal cells in different nutrient environments. This approach could transform bioprocessing control into a systems biology-based paradigm suitable for a wide range of species in order to limit nutrient inputs, reduce processing costs, and optimize biomanufacturing for the next generation of desirable biotechnology products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Li
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Jacob Yelsky
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Yiqun Chen
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Cristal Zuñiga
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760 USA
- 3Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412 USA
| | - Richard Eng
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Liqun Jiang
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- 4School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No.27 Shanda Nan Road, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Alison Shapiro
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Kai-Wen Huang
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Karsten Zengler
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0760 USA
- 3Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412 USA
- 5Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0436 USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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Wu M, Zhang H, Sun W, Li Y, Hu Q, Zhou H, Han D. Metabolic plasticity of the starchless mutant of Chlorella sorokiniana and mechanisms underlying its enhanced lipid production revealed by comparative metabolomics analysis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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49
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Abreu AC, Molina-Miras A, Aguilera-Sáez LM, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MDC, Sánchez-Mirón A, Olmo-García L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, García-Camacho F, Molina-Grima E, Fernández I. Production of Amphidinols and Other Bioproducts of Interest by the Marine Microalga Amphidinium carterae Unraveled by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Approach Coupled to Multivariate Data Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9667-9682. [PMID: 31415166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the feasibility of an NMR metabolomics approach coupled to multivariate data analysis to monitor the naturally present or stresses-elicited metabolites from a long-term (>170 days) culture of the dinoflagellate marine microalgae Amphidinium carterae grown in a fiberglass paddlewheel-driven raceway photobioreactor. Metabolic contents, in particular, in two members of the amphidinol family, amphidinol A and its 7-sulfate derivative amphidinol B (referred as APDs), and other compounds of interest (fatty acids, carotenoids, oxylipins, etc.) were evaluated by altering concentration levels of the f/2 medium nutrients and daily mean irradiance. Operating with a 24 h sinusoidal light cycle allowed a 3-fold increase in APD production, which was also detected by an increase in hemolytic activity of the methanolic extract of A. carterae biomass. The presence of APDs was consistent with the antitumoral activity measured in the methanolic extracts of the biomass. Increased daily irradiance was accompanied by a general decrease in pigments and an increase in SFAs (saturated fatty acids), MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), while increased nutrient availability lead to an increase in sugar, amino acid, and PUFA ω-3 contents and pigments and a decrease in SFAs and MUFAs. NMR-based metabolomics is shown to be a fast and suitable method to accompany the production of APD and bioactive compounds without the need of tedious isolation methods and bioassays. The two APD compounds were chemically identified by spectroscopic NMR and spectrometric ESI-IT MS (electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry) and ESI-TOF MS (ESI time-of-flight mass spectrometry) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Luis M Aguilera-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Lorenzo López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | | | - Asterio Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Lucía Olmo-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Alegría Carrasco-Pancorbo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , Ave. Fuentenueva s/n , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , 04120 Almería , Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL , University of Almería , Ctra. Sacramento, s/n , 04120 Almería , Spain
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50
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Kokabi K, Gorelova O, Ismagulova T, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Boussiba S, Solovchenko A, Khozin-Goldberg I. Metabolomic foundation for differential responses of lipid metabolism to nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation in an arachidonic acid-producing green microalga. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:95-115. [PMID: 31128719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The green oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates storage lipids triacylglycerols (TAG) enriched in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid under nitrogen (N) deprivation. In contrast, under phosphorous (P) deprivation, the production of the monounsaturated oleic acid prevails. We compared physiological responses, ultrastructural, and metabolic consequences of L. incisa acclimation to N and P deficiency to provide novel insights into the key determinants of ARA accumulation. Differential responses to nutrient deprivation on growth performance, carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry, membrane lipid composition and TAG accumulation were demonstrated. Ultrastructural analyses suggested a dynamic role for vacuoles in sustaining cell homeostasis under conditions of different nutrient availability and their involvement in autophagy in L. incisa. Paralleling ARA-rich TAG accumulation in lipid droplets, N deprivation triggered intensive chloroplast dismantling and promoted catabolic processes. Metabolome analysis revealed depletion of amino acids and pyrimidines, and repression of numerous biosynthetic hubs to favour TAG biosynthesis under N deprivation. Under P deprivation, despite the relatively low growth penalties, the presence of the endogenous P reserves and the characteristic lipid remodelling, metabolic signatures of energy deficiency were revealed. Metabolome adjustments to P deprivation included depletion in ATP and phosphorylated nucleotides, increased levels of TCA-cycle intermediates and osmoprotectants. We conclude that characteristic cellular and metabolome adjustments tailor the adaptive responses of L. incisa to N and P deprivation modulating its LC-PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilya Kokabi
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ismagulova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
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