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Gallo G, Imbimbo P, Aulitto M. The Undeniable Potential of Thermophiles in Industrial Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7685. [PMID: 39062928 PMCID: PMC11276739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms play a key role in understanding how life on Earth originated and evolved over centuries. Their ability to thrive in harsh environments relies on a plethora of mechanisms developed to survive at extreme temperatures, pressures, salinity, and pH values. From a biotechnological point of view, thermophiles are considered a robust tool for synthetic biology as well as a reliable starting material for the development of sustainable bioprocesses. This review discusses the current progress in the biomanufacturing of high-added bioproducts from thermophilic microorganisms and their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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2
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Maresca E, Aulitto M, Contursi P. Harnessing the dual nature of Bacillus (Weizmannia) coagulans for sustainable production of biomaterials and development of functional food. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14449. [PMID: 38593329 PMCID: PMC11003712 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans, recently renamed Weizmannia coagulans, is a spore-forming bacterium that has garnered significant interest across various research fields, ranging from health to industrial applications. The probiotic properties of W. coagulans enhance intestinal digestion, by releasing prebiotic molecules including enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of not-digestible carbohydrates. Notably, some enzymes from W. coagulans extend beyond digestive functions, serving as valuable biotechnological tools and contributing to more sustainable and efficient manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the homofermentative thermophilic nature of W. coagulans renders it an exceptional candidate for fermenting foods and lignocellulosic residues into L-(+)-lactic acid. In this review, we provide an overview of the dual nature of W. coagulans, in functional foods and for the development of bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maresca
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials—IPCB, National Research Council of Italy (CNR)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future CenterPalermoItaly
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro‐Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”PorticiItaly
- Task Force on Microbiome StudiesUniversity of Naples “Federico II”NaplesItaly
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3
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Aulitto M, Alfano A, Maresca E, Avolio R, Errico ME, Gentile G, Cozzolino F, Monti M, Pirozzi A, Donsì F, Cimini D, Schiraldi C, Contursi P. Thermophilic biocatalysts for one-step conversion of citrus waste into lactic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:155. [PMID: 38244047 PMCID: PMC10799777 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Agri-food residues offer significant potential as a raw material for the production of L-lactic acid through microbial fermentation. Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans, is a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing, gram-positive, with known probiotic and prebiotic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing untreated citrus waste as a sustainable feedstock for the production of L-lactic acid in a one-step process, by using the strain W. coagulans MA-13. By employing a thermophilic enzymatic cocktail (Cellic CTec2) in conjunction with the hydrolytic capabilities of MA-13, biomass degradation was enhanced by up to 62%. Moreover, batch and fed-batch fermentation experiments demonstrated the complete fermentation of glucose into L-lactic acid, achieving a concentration of up to 44.8 g/L. These results point to MA-13 as a microbial cell factory for one-step production of L-lactic acid, by combining cost-effective saccharification with MA-13 fermentative performance, on agri-food wastes. Moreover, the potential of this approach for sustainable valorization of agricultural waste streams is successfully proven. KEY POINTS: • Valorization of citrus waste, an abundant residue in Mediterranean countries. • Sustainable production of the L-( +)-lactic acid in one-step process. • Enzymatic pretreatment is a valuable alternative to the use of chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alberto Alfano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Avolio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Annachiara Pirozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Medical Histology and Molecular Biology Naples, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II,", Naples, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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4
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Becker L, Sturm J, Eiden F, Holtmann D. Analyzing and understanding the robustness of bioprocesses. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1013-1026. [PMID: 36959084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of bioprocesses is becoming increasingly important. The main driving forces of this development are, in particular, increasing demands on product purities as well as economic aspects. In general, bioprocesses exhibit extremely high complexity and variability. Biological systems often have a much higher intrinsic variability compared with chemical processes, which makes the development and characterization of robust processes tedious task. To predict and control robustness, a clear understanding of interactions between input and output variables is necessary. Robust bioprocesses can be realized, for example, by using advanced control strategies for the different unit operations. In this review, we discuss the different biological, technical, and mathematical tools for the analysis and control of bioprocess robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Becker
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sturm
- Bioprozesstechnik Group, Westfälische Hochschule, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany; iAMB - Institute of Applied Microbiology, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Eiden
- Bioprozesstechnik Group, Westfälische Hochschule, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Rahim NA, Luthfi AAI, Bukhari NA, Tan JP, Abdul PM, Manaf SFA. Biotechnological enhancement of lactic acid conversion from pretreated palm kernel cake hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5787. [PMID: 37031272 PMCID: PMC10082786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish an improved pretreatment and fermentation method i.e. immobilized cells for high recovery of fermentable sugars from palm kernel cake (PKC) and its effects on fermentability performance by Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z in the conversion of the fermentable sugar to lactic acid. The effects of oxalic acid concentrations (1-6% w/v) and residence times (1-5 h) on the sugar recovery were initially investigated and it was found that the highest mannose concentration was 25.1 g/L at the optimum hydrolysis conditions of 4 h and 3% (w/v) oxalic acid. The subsequent enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated PKC afforded the highest enzymatic digestibility with the recovered sugars amounting to 25.18 g/L and 9.14 g/L of mannose and glucose, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentability performance of PKC hydrolysate was evaluated and compared in terms of cultivation phases (i.e. mono and dual-phases), carbonate loadings (i.e. magnesium and sodium carbonates), and types of sugars (i.e. glucose and mannose). The highest titer of 19.4 g/L lactic acid was obtained from the fermentation involving A. succinogenes 130Z in dual-phase cultivation supplemented with 30 g/L of magnesium carbonate. Lactic acid production was further enhanced by using immobilized cells with coconut shell-activated carbon (CSAC) of different sizes (A, B, C, and D) in the repeated batch cultivation of dual-phase fermentation producing 31.64 g/L of lactic acid. This work sheds light on the possibilities to enhance the utilization of PKC for lactic acid production via immobilized A. succinogenes 130Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraishah Abd Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Adela Bukhari
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering & Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jian Ping Tan
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chatgasem C, Suwan W, Attapong M, Siripornadulsil W, Siripornadulsil S. Single-step conversion of rice straw to lactic acid by thermotolerant cellulolytic lactic acid bacteria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Aulitto M, Martinez-Alvarez L, Fusco S, She Q, Bartolucci S, Peng X, Contursi P. Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics of SSV1 and Related Fusellovirus: A Minireview. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102082. [PMID: 36298638 PMCID: PMC9608457 DOI: 10.3390/v14102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 (SSV1) was one of the first viruses identified in the archaeal kingdom. Originally isolated from a Japanese species of Saccharolobus back in 1984, it has been extensively used as a model system for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies, as well as to unveil the molecular mechanisms governing the host–virus interaction. The purpose of this mini review is to supply a compendium of four decades of research on the SSV1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Laura Martinez-Alvarez
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Qunxin She
- CRISPR and Archaea Biology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 250100, China
| | | | - Xu Peng
- Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (X.P.); (P.C.)
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8
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The performance of lactic acid bacteria in silage production: a review of modern biotechnology for silage improvement. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Li L, Liu B, Cao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Yu L, Chen W, Zhai Q. Different effects of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells and spore isolates on constipation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:9645-9657. [PMID: 36017800 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) can improve and prevent functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, there has been little discussion in the literature on the difference between spores and vegetative cells for relieving constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) vegetative cells and spores against loperamide-induced constipation in mice. According to our findings, B. coagulans vegetative cells and spores differ in their ability to relieve loperamide-induced constipation. Two of the three strains of B. coagulans spores used in this experiment, B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 and B. coagulans 90, were significantly different from the model group in relieving constipation. This mainly manifested as a decreased time required for first black stool defecation (by 52 and 79 min, respectively), and increased counts of the first black stools in 5 h (by 15 and 8, respectively), the small intestine transit rate (by 23.31% and 20.52%, respectively), and the concentration of SCFAs. While the administration of vegetative cells could only relieve some indicators of intestinal transit disorders and dysbacteriosis caused by constipation. Spores of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 and B. coagulans 90 had higher survival rates in the simulated gastrointestinal tract environment, which indicated that the functional modes of the three strains were different and had a strong relationship with the morphology of the bacteria. B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 and B. coagulans 90 spores alleviate constipation by increasing the abundances of Actinobacteria, Deferribacteres, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 (which were positively correlated with SCFAs) and decreasing the abundances of Cyanobateria and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut group (which were negatively correlated with SCFAs) and the levels of Ruminococcaceae UGC-014 and Alistipes. In this study, the effects of probiotics in the form of spore or vegetative cell were compared, and the optimal preparation form was determined, providing a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics of B. coagulans to relieve constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuruolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bingshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Lam MK, Lim S, Lee KT. Advancement of biorefinery-derived platform chemicals from macroalgae: a perspective for bioethanol and lactic acid. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-37. [PMID: 35316983 PMCID: PMC8929714 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive growth of energy and plastic demand has raised concerns over the depletion of fossil fuels. Moreover, the environmental conundrums worldwide integrated with global warming and improper plastic waste management have led to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuel (bioethanol) and biopolymer (lactic acid, LA) derived from biomass for fossil fuels replacement and biodegradable plastic production, respectively. However, the high production cost of bioethanol and LA had limited its industrial-scale production. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the potential and development of third-generation feedstock for bioethanol and LA production, including significant technological barriers to be overcome for potential commercialization purposes. Then, an insight into the state-of-the-art hydrolysis and fermentation technologies using macroalgae as feedstock is also deliberated in detail. Lastly, the sustainability aspect and perspective of macroalgae biomass are evaluated economically and environmentally using a developed cascading system associated with techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, which represent the highlights of this review paper. Furthermore, this review provides a conceivable picture of macroalgae-based bioethanol and lactic acid biorefinery and future research directions that can be served as an important guideline for scientists, policymakers, and industrial players. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian Xiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Steven Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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11
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A Comparative Analysis of Weizmannia coagulans Genomes Unravels the Genetic Potential for Biotechnological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063135. [PMID: 35328559 PMCID: PMC8954581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biochemicals requires the use of microbial strains with efficient substrate conversion and excellent environmental robustness, such as Weizmannia coagulans species. So far, the genomes of 47 strains have been sequenced. Herein, we report a comparative genomic analysis of nine strains on the full repertoire of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), secretion systems, and resistance mechanisms to environmental challenges. Moreover, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) immune system along with CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes, was also analyzed. Overall, this study expands our understanding of the strain's genomic diversity of W. coagulans to fully exploit its potential in biotechnological applications.
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12
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Vu V, Farkas C, Riyad O, Bujna E, Kilin A, Sipiczki G, Sharma M, Usmani Z, Gupta VK, Nguyen QD. Enhancement of the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat bran using the Bacillus strains and their consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126092. [PMID: 34634465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the downstream process, the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass can be improved by applying a biological pretreatment procedure using microorganisms to produce hydrolytic enzymes to modify the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulose. In this study, various Bacillus strains (B. subtilis B.01162 and B.01212, B. coagulans B.01123 and B.01139, B. cereus B.00076 and B.01718, B. licheniformis B.01223 and B.01231) were evaluated for the degrading capacity of wheat bran in the submerged medium using enzymatic activities, reducing sugars and weight loss as indicators. The obtained results revealed that the B. subtilis B.01162, B. coagulans B.01123 and B. cereus B.00076 could be promising degraders for the wheat bran pretreatment. Besides, the application of their consortium (the combination of 2-3 Bacillus species) showed the positive effects on cellulose bioconversion compared with monocultures. Among them, the mixture of B. subtilis B.01162 and B. coagulans B.01123 increased significantly the cellulase, endo-glucanase, and xylanase enzyme activity resulting in accelerating the lignocellulose degradation. Our results served a very good base for the development of microbial consortium for biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Vu
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Csilla Farkas
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Ouahab Riyad
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Erika Bujna
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Akos Kilin
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Gizella Sipiczki
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Quang D Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary.
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13
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Battista F, Zuliani L, Rizzioli F, Fusco S, Bolzonella D. Biodiesel, biogas and fermentable sugars production from Spent coffee Grounds: A cascade biorefinery approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125952. [PMID: 34563824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds are rich in high-value compounds, such as saturate and unsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides. Therefore, this work investigated a cascade biorefinery to produce: i) biodiesel from coffee oils, ii) cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived fermentable sugars and iii) biomethane from the residual solid fraction after sugars extraction. Transesterification reached the best performances of 86% w/w of fatty acid methyl esters using 1:8 coffee oil/methanol ratio and 2% w/w of KOH as catalyst. The use of glycerol for the pretreatment of spent coffee grounds allowed the internal circulation of a process leftover from transesterification; thus, avoiding the use of clean water. In the best conditions, the total released fermentable sugars were about 40-50% (w/w) on dry weight basis. The low content of easily degradable compounds led to a low methane production of 50 LCH4/kgVS, indicating the need to search for better performing alternatives to close the biorefinery loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Battista
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Luca Zuliani
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rizzioli
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Biochemistry and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - David Bolzonella
- Chemical, Environment and Bioprocesses Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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14
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Krafft MJ, Berger J, Saake B. Analytical Characterization and Inhibitor Detection in Liquid Phases Obtained After Steam Refining of Corn Stover and Maize Silage. Front Chem 2021; 9:760657. [PMID: 34722463 PMCID: PMC8551624 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.760657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of agricultural products and residues for the production of value-added and biobased products is a highly relevant topic in present research. Due to the natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass against enzymatic degradation, pretreatments are important requirement for further processes. For the raw material in this study, corn stover (CS) as highly available agricultural residue and maize silage (MS) as model substrate for an ensiled agricultural product were pretreated by steam refining. However, after processing a liquid fraction and fibers are present. Subsequent to steaming the fiber fraction is well characterized. Nonetheless, in depth characterizations of the filtrates are also important for their subsequent utilization. Decreasing molar masses from 7,900 g/mol to 1,100 g/mol for CS filtrates and 100.000–12.900 g/mol for MS filtrates were determined with increasing severity. Due to their proven inhibitory effect on microorganisms weak acids, furans and phenolic compounds within the liquid phased were analyzed. Especially formic acid increases with increasing severity from 0.27 to 1.20% based on raw material for CS and from 0.07 to 0.23% based on raw material for MS. Further GC/MS measurements indicate, that up to 8.25% (CS filtrate) and 5.23% (MS filtrates) of the total peak area is related to inhibitory phenols. Considering the data, detoxification strategies are of non-negligible importance for filtrates after steam refining and should be considered for further research and process or parameter optimizations. An alternative may be the application of milder process conditions in order to prevent the formation of inhibitory degradation products or the dilution of the gained filtrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Jörn Krafft
- Chemical Wood Technology, University of Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany
| | - Jens Berger
- Chemical Wood Technology, University of Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany
| | - Bodo Saake
- Chemical Wood Technology, University of Hamburg, Barsbüttel, Germany
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15
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Martău GA, Unger P, Schneider R, Venus J, Vodnar DC, López-Gómez JP. Integration of Solid State and Submerged Fermentations for the Valorization of Organic Municipal Solid Waste. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090766. [PMID: 34575805 PMCID: PMC8472611 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid state fermentation (SsF) is recognized as a suitable process for the production of enzymes using organic residues as substrates. However, only a few studies have integrated an evaluation of the feasibility of applying enzymes produced by SsF into subsequent hydrolyses followed by the production of target compounds, e.g., lactic acid (LA), through submerged-liquid fermentations (SmF). In this study, wheat bran (WB) was used as the substrate for the production of enzymes via SsF by Aspergillus awamori DSM No. 63272. Following optimization, cellulase and glucoamylase activities were 73.63 ± 5.47 FPU/gds and 107.10 ± 2.63 U/gdb after 7 days and 5 days of fermentation, respectively. Enzymes were then used for the hydrolysis of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). During hydrolysis, glucose increased considerably with a final value of 19.77 ± 1.56 g/L. Subsequently, hydrolysates were fermented in SmF by Bacillus coagulans A166 increasing the LA concentration by 15.59 g/L. The data reported in this study provides an example of how SsF and SmF technologies can be combined for the valorization of WB and OFMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe-Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Peter Unger
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (J.P.L.-G.); Tel.: +40-747-341881 (D.C.V.); +49-177-3940305 (J.P.L.-G.)
| | - José Pablo López-Gómez
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (P.U.); (R.S.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.V.); (J.P.L.-G.); Tel.: +40-747-341881 (D.C.V.); +49-177-3940305 (J.P.L.-G.)
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16
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Biorefinery Gets Hot: Thermophilic Enzymes and Microorganisms for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the current global energy and the environmental crisis, biofuels such as bioethanol have progressively gained attention from both scientific and industrial perspectives. However, at present, commercialized bioethanol is mainly derived from edible crops, thus raising serious concerns given its competition with feed production. For this reason, lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) have been recognized as important alternatives for bioethanol production. Because LCBs supply is sustainable, abundant, widespread, and cheap, LCBs-derived bioethanol currently represents one of the most viable solutions to meet the global demand for liquid fuel. However, the cost-effective conversion of LCBs into ethanol remains a challenge and its implementation has been hampered by several bottlenecks that must still be tackled. Among other factors related to the challenging and variable nature of LCBs, we highlight: (i) energy-demanding pretreatments, (ii) expensive hydrolytic enzyme blends, and (iii) the need for microorganisms that can ferment mixed sugars. In this regard, thermophiles represent valuable tools to overcome some of these limitations. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies involved, such as the use of thermophilic enzymes and microorganisms in industrial-relevant conditions, and to propose possible means to implement thermophiles into second-generation ethanol biorefineries that are already in operation.
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17
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Wang R, Lorantfy B, Fusco S, Olsson L, Franzén CJ. Analysis of methods for quantifying yeast cell concentration in complex lignocellulosic fermentation processes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11293. [PMID: 34050249 PMCID: PMC8163860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell mass and viability are tightly linked to the productivity of fermentation processes. In 2nd generation lignocellulose-based media quantitative measurement of cell concentration is challenging because of particles, auto-fluorescence, and intrinsic colour and turbidity of the media. We systematically evaluated several methods for quantifying total and viable yeast cell concentrations to validate their use in lignocellulosic media. Several automated cell counting systems and stain-based viability tests had very limited applicability in such samples. In contrast, manual cell enumeration in a hemocytometer, plating and enumeration of colony forming units, qPCR, and in situ dielectric spectroscopy were further investigated. Parameter optimization to measurements in synthetic lignocellulosic media, which mimicked typical lignocellulosic fermentation conditions, resulted in statistically significant calibration models with good predictive capacity for these four methods. Manual enumeration of cells in a hemocytometer and of CFU were further validated for quantitative assessment of cell numbers in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments on steam-exploded wheat straw. Furthermore, quantitative correlations could be established between these variables and in situ permittivity. In contrast, qPCR quantification suffered from inconsistent DNA extraction from the lignocellulosic slurries. Development of reliable and validated cell quantification methods and understanding their strengths and limitations in lignocellulosic contexts, will enable further development, optimization, and control of lignocellulose-based fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Wang
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Nouryon, Hamnvägen 2, 444 85, Stenungsund, Sweden
| | - Bettina Lorantfy
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,BioPhero ApS, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 4. th., 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Gallo G, Puopolo R, Carbonaro M, Maresca E, Fiorentino G. Extremophiles, a Nifty Tool to Face Environmental Pollution: From Exploitation of Metabolism to Genome Engineering. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5228. [PMID: 34069056 PMCID: PMC8157027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extremophiles are microorganisms that populate habitats considered inhospitable from an anthropocentric point of view and are able to tolerate harsh conditions such as high temperatures, extreme pHs, high concentrations of salts, toxic organic substances, and/or heavy metals. These microorganisms have been broadly studied in the last 30 years and represent precious sources of biomolecules and bioprocesses for many biotechnological applications; in this context, scientific efforts have been focused on the employment of extremophilic microbes and their metabolic pathways to develop biomonitoring and bioremediation strategies to face environmental pollution, as well as to improve biorefineries for the conversion of biomasses into various chemical compounds. This review gives an overview on the peculiar metabolic features of certain extremophilic microorganisms, with a main focus on thermophiles, which make them attractive for biotechnological applications in the field of environmental remediation; moreover, it sheds light on updated genetic systems (also those based on the CRISPR-Cas tool), which expand the potentialities of these microorganisms to be genetically manipulated for various biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Rosanna Puopolo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Miriam Carbonaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuela Maresca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.G.); (R.P.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
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19
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Aulitto M, Strazzulli A, Sansone F, Cozzolino F, Monti M, Moracci M, Fiorentino G, Limauro D, Bartolucci S, Contursi P. Prebiotic properties of Bacillus coagulans MA-13: production of galactoside hydrolyzing enzymes and characterization of the transglycosylation properties of a GH42 β-galactosidase. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:71. [PMID: 33736637 PMCID: PMC7977261 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The spore-forming lactic acid bacterium Bacillus coagulans MA-13 has been isolated from canned beans manufacturing and successfully employed for the sustainable production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass. Among lactic acid bacteria, B. coagulans strains are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes devoted to the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and lactose, is of great importance to the food industry. Specifically, α- and β-galactosidases are attractive for their ability to hydrolyze not-digestible galactosides present in the food matrix as well as in the human gastrointestinal tract. Results In this work we have explored the potential of B. coagulans MA-13 as a source of metabolites and enzymes to improve the digestibility and the nutritional value of food. A combination of mass spectrometry analysis with conventional biochemical approaches has been employed to unveil the intra- and extra- cellular glycosyl hydrolase (GH) repertoire of B. coagulans MA-13 under diverse growth conditions. The highest enzymatic activity was detected on β-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and the enzymes responsible for these activities were unambiguously identified as β-galactosidase (GH42) and α-galactosidase (GH36), respectively. Whilst the former has been found only in the cytosol, the latter is localized also extracellularly. The export of this enzyme may occur through a not yet identified secretion mechanism, since a typical signal peptide is missing in the α-galactosidase sequence. A full biochemical characterization of the recombinant β-galactosidase has been carried out and the ability of this enzyme to perform homo- and hetero-condensation reactions to produce galacto-oligosaccharides, has been demonstrated. Conclusions Probiotics which are safe for human use and are capable of producing high levels of both α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase are of great importance to the food industry. In this work we have proven the ability of B. coagulans MA-13 to over-produce these two enzymes thus paving the way for its potential use in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01553-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrea Strazzulli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Sansone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fiorentino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force On Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy.
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20
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Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of the cellulosic fraction of municipal solid waste using Bacillus smithii. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:667-675. [PMID: 33219874 PMCID: PMC7873104 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective A primary drawback to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes is the incompatibility of the temperature and pH optima for the hydrolysis and fermentation steps—with the former working best at 50–55 °C and pH 4.5–5.5. Here, nine thermophilic Bacillus and Parageobacillus spp. were evaluated for growth and lactic acid fermentation at high temperature and low pH. The most promising candidate was then carried forward to demonstrate SSF using the cellulosic fraction from municipal solid waste (MSW) as a feedstock. Results B. smithii SA8Eth was identified as the most promising candidate and in a batch SSF maintained at 55 °C and pH 5.0, using a cellulase dose of 5 FPU/g glucan, it produced 5.1 g/L lactic acid from 2% (w/v) MSW cellulosic pulp in TSB media. Conclusion This work has both scientific and industrial relevance, as it evaluates a number of previously untrialled bacterial hosts for their compatibility with lignocellulosic SSF for lactic acid production and successfully identifies B. smithii as a potential candidate for such a process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10529-020-03049-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Cubas-Cano E, Venus J, González-Fernández C, Tomás-Pejó E. Assessment of different Bacillus coagulans strains for l-lactic acid production from defined media and gardening hydrolysates: Effect of lignocellulosic inhibitors. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:9-16. [PMID: 32712129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose valorisation has been successfully addressed for years. However, the use of hemicellulosic hydrolysates is limited due to the presence of C5-sugars and inhibitors formed during pretreatment. Bacillus coagulans is one of the few bacteria able to utilize both C6- and C5-sugars to produce l-lactic acid, but its susceptibility to the lignocellulosic inhibitors needs further investigation. For such a purpose, the tolerance of different B. coagulans strains to increasing concentrations of inhibitors is studied. The isolated A162 strain reached the highest l-lactic acid productivity in all cases (up to 2.4 g L-1 h-1), even in presence of 5 g L-1 of furans and phenols. Remarkably, most of furans and phenolic aldehydes were removed from defined media and hemicellulosic gardening hydrolysate after fermentation with A162. Considering the high productivities and the biodetoxifying effect attained, A162 could be pointed out as a great candidate for valorisation of mixed sugars from hemicellulosic hydrolysates with high inhibitors concentration, promoting the implementation of lignocellulosic biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Cubas-Cano
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes Unit, 28935, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes Unit, 28935, Móstoles, Spain.
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22
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Li J, Rong L, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang C, Xiao D, Foo JL, Yu A. Next-generation metabolic engineering of non-conventional microbial cell factories for carboxylic acid platform chemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Abedi E, Hashemi SMB. Lactic acid production - producing microorganisms and substrates sources-state of art. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04974. [PMID: 33088933 PMCID: PMC7566098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is an organic compound produced via fermentation by different microorganisms that are able to use different carbohydrate sources. Lactic acid bacteria are the main bacteria used to produce lactic acid and among these, Lactobacillus spp. have been showing interesting fermentation capacities. The use of Bacillus spp. revealed good possibilities to reduce the fermentative costs. Interestingly, lactic acid high productivity was achieved by Corynebacterium glutamicum and E. coli, mainly after engineering genetic modification. Fungi, like Rhizopus spp. can metabolize different renewable carbon resources, with advantageously amylolytic properties to produce lactic acid. Additionally, yeasts can tolerate environmental restrictions (for example acidic conditions), being the wild-type low lactic acid producers that have been improved by genetic manipulation. Microalgae and cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic microorganisms can be an alternative lactic acid producer without carbohydrate feed costs. For lactic acid production, it is necessary to have substrates in the fermentation medium. Different carbohydrate sources can be used, from plant waste as molasses, starchy, lignocellulosic materials as agricultural and forestry residues. Dairy waste also can be used by the addition of supplementary components with a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
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24
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Shinde T, Vemuri R, Shastri S, Perera AP, Gondalia SV, Beale DJ, Karpe AV, Eri R, Stanley R. Modulating the Microbiome and Immune Responses Using Whole Plant Fibre in Synbiotic Combination with Fibre-Digesting Probiotic Attenuates Chronic Colonic Inflammation in Spontaneous Colitic Mice Model of IBD. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2380. [PMID: 32784883 PMCID: PMC7468978 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A probiotic and prebiotic food ingredient combination was tested for synergistic functioning in modulation of the colonic microbiome and remediation of the gastrointestinal immune and inflammatory responses in a spontaneous colitic mouse model. Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores with capability to metabolise complex plant polysaccharides were supplemented with complex whole-plant prebiotic sugarcane fibre (PSCF). The combined and individual efficacies were tested for their influence on the outcomes of chronic inflammation in Muc2 mutant colitic Winnie mice. The mice were fed normal chow diet supplemented with either ingredient or a combination for 21 days. Synbiotic combined supplementation ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological colonic damage scores more effectively than either B. coagulans or PSCF alone. PSCF and B. coagulans alone also induced considerable immunomodulatory effects. Synbiotic supplementation however was the most efficacious in modulating the overall immune profile compared to the unsupplemented Winnie-control. The augmented synbiotic effect could potentially be due to a combination of increased levels of fermentation products, direct immune-modulating abilities of the components, their capability to reduce colonic epithelial damage and/or modulation of the microbiota. The beneficial effects of the supplementation with a complex plant fibre and a fibre-degrading probiotic parallel the effects seen in human microbiota with high plant fibre diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Shinde
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.S.); (A.P.P.); (R.E.)
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.S.); (A.P.P.); (R.E.)
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sonia Shastri
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.S.); (A.P.P.); (R.E.)
| | - Agampodi Promoda Perera
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.S.); (A.P.P.); (R.E.)
| | - Shakuntla V. Gondalia
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia;
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - David J. Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia; (D.J.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Avinash V. Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia; (D.J.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- Gut Health Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia; (R.V.); (S.S.); (A.P.P.); (R.E.)
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Innovation, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
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Batch and Continuous Lactic Acid Fermentation Based on A Multi-Substrate Approach. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071084. [PMID: 32708134 PMCID: PMC7409180 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of waste materials and industrial residues became a priority within the bioeconomy concept and the production of biobased chemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to continuously produce L-lactic acid from different renewable substrates, in a multi-substrate strategy mode. Based on batch experiments observations, Bacillus coagulans A534 strain was able to continuously metabolise acid whey, sugar beet molasses, sugar bread, alfalfa press green juice and tapioca starch. Additionally, reference experiments showed its behaviour in standard medium. Continuous fermentations indicated that the highest productivity was achieved when molasses was employed with a value of 10.34 g·L−1·h−1, while the lactic acid to sugar conversion yield was 0.86 g·g−1. This study demonstrated that LA can be efficiently produced in continuous mode regardless the substrate, which is a huge advantage in comparison to other platform chemicals.
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Dong F, Li Y, Wang Y. Genome-scale modeling for Bacillus coagulans to understand the metabolic characteristics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3545-3558. [PMID: 32648961 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid is widely used in many industries, especially in the production of poly-lactic acid. Bacillus coagulans is a promising lactic acid producer in industrial fermentation due to its thermophilic property. In this study, we developed the first genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of B. coagulans iBag597, together with an enzyme-constrained model ec-iBag597. We measured strain-specific biomass composition and integrated the data into a biomass equation. Then, we validated iBag597 against experimental data generated in this study, including amino acid requirements and carbon source utilization, showing that simulations were generally consistent with the experimental results. Subsequently, we carried out chemostats to investigate the effects of specific growth rate and culture pH on metabolism of B. coagulans. Meanwhile, we used iBag597 to estimate the intracellular metabolic fluxes for those conditions. The results showed that B. coagulans was capable of generating ATP via multiple pathways, and switched among them in response to various conditions. With ec-iBag597, we estimated the protein cost and protein efficiency for each ATP-producing pathway to investigate the switches. Our models pave the way for systems biology of B. coagulans, and our findings suggest that maintaining a proper growth rate and selecting an optimal pH are beneficial for lactate fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Cubas-Cano E, González-Fernández C, Ballesteros I, Tomás-Pejó E. Efficient utilization of hydrolysates from steam-exploded gardening residues for lactic acid production by optimization of enzyme addition and pH control. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 107:235-243. [PMID: 32325410 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of urban green areas has boosted the accumulation of gardening lignocellulosic residues that could be potentially used to produce platform chemicals like lactic acid. However, when using lignocelluloses, pretreatment step, such as steam explosion, is often needed to favour sugar release. Considering that the conversion of glucose from cellulose has been widely addressed, this work is focused on the valorisation of the steam-exploded gardening liquid fraction rich in hemicellulosic sugars. Since oligomeric sugars are usually solubilized during steam explosion, an enzymatic hydrolysis step was required in some cases to increase the monosaccharides content. Although the presence of inhibitors released during pretreatment (e.g. formic acid) hindered hydrolysis yields, the addition of hemicellulases and the enzyme dosage optimization resulted in 85%, 89% and 95% of glucose, xylose and arabinose release from soluble oligomers, respectively. Lactobacillus pentosus CECT4023T was used for lactic acid fermentation of C6 and C5 sugars from the hydrolysate with the highest sugars concentration, that did not require enzymatic hydrolysis. Xylose consumption was hampered due to the inhibitory effect of acids that produced pH drop. Different pH control systems were applied and automatic NaOH addition in bioreactor resulted in 21 g L-1 of lactic acid (95% of the maximum theoretical yield) that implied 44% increase in lactic acid production when compared with flask fermentation. These results provide new insights for the valorisation of emerging lignocellulosic materials like gardening residues into high added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Cubas-Cano
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes Unit, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes Unit, 28935 Móstoles, Spain.
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28
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Selder L, Sabra W, Jürgensen N, Lakshmanan A, Zeng AP. Co-cultures with integrated in situ product removal for lactate-based propionic acid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1027-1035. [PMID: 32055977 PMCID: PMC7196089 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Propionic acid (PA) is a valuable organic acid for the food and feed industry, but no bioproduction at industrial scale exists so far. As product inhibition is a major burden for bioprocesses producing organic acids, in situ product removal (ISPR) is desirable. Here, we demonstrate a new strategy to produce PA with a co-culture coupled with ISPR using electrodialysis. Specifically, Bacillus coagulans first produces lactic acid (LA) from sugar(s) and LA is converted to PA using Veillonella criceti. Applying ISPR to the mentioned co-culture, the specific PA yield was increased from 0.35 to 0.39 g g−1 compared to no ISPR usage. Furthermore, the productivity was increased from 0.63 to 0.7 g L−1 h−1 by applying ISPR. Additionally, it was shown that co-consumption of xylose and glucose led to a higher PA productivity of 0.73 g L−1 h−1, although PA yield was only increased slightly up to 0.36 g g−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Selder
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wael Sabra
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jürgensen
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alagappan Lakshmanan
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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Fusco S, Aulitto M, Iacobucci I, Crocamo G, Pucci P, Bartolucci S, Monti M, Contursi P. The interaction between the F55 virus-encoded transcription regulator and the RadA host recombinase reveals a common strategy in Archaea and Bacteria to sense the UV-induced damage to the host DNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194493. [PMID: 32014611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 is the only UV-inducible member of the virus family Fuselloviridae. Originally isolated from Saccharolobus shibatae B12, it can also infect Saccharolobus solfataricus. Like the CI repressor of the bacteriophage λ, the SSV1-encoded F55 transcription repressor acts as a key regulator for the maintenance of the SSV1 carrier state. In particular, F55 binds to tandem repeat sequences located within the promoters of the early and UV-inducible transcripts. Upon exposure to UV light, a temporally coordinated pattern of gene expression is triggered. In the case of the better characterized bacteriophage λ, the switch from lysogenic to lytic development is regulated by a crosstalk between the virus encoded CI repressor and the host RecA, which regulates also the SOS response. For SSV1, instead, the regulatory mechanisms governing the switch from the carrier to the induced state have not been completely unravelled. In this study we have applied an integrated biochemical approach based on a variant of the EMSA assay coupled to mass spectrometry analyses to identify the proteins associated with F55 when bound to its specific DNA promoter sequences. Among the putative F55 interactors, we identified RadA and showed that the archaeal molecular components F55 and RadA are functional homologs of bacteriophage λ (factor CI) and Escherichia coli (RecA) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Crocamo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Pucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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30
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López-Gómez JP, Latorre-Sánchez M, Unger P, Schneider R, Coll Lozano C, Venus J. Assessing the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes for the production of lactic acid. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus coagulans MA-13, a Thermophilic Lactic Acid Producer from Lignocellulose. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/23/e00341-19. [PMID: 31171617 PMCID: PMC6554604 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00341-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans MA-13 is an efficient lactic acid producer which withstands high concentrations of the growth inhibitors formed during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstock. This draft genome sequence is expected to pave the way toward the understanding of mechanisms responsible for the robustness of MA-13 during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Bacillus coagulans MA-13 is an efficient lactic acid producer which withstands high concentrations of the growth inhibitors formed during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstock. This draft genome sequence is expected to pave the way toward the understanding of mechanisms responsible for the robustness of MA-13 during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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32
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Wang C, Liu X, Zhang M, Shao H, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang Q, Bao Z, Fan X, Li H. Efficient Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Conversion of Polydatin to Resveratrol From Polygonum cuspidatum Using Thermostable Cellulase and Immobilized β-Glucosidase. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:445. [PMID: 30972031 PMCID: PMC6445843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a bioactive compound in high quantities in Polygonum cuspidatum, has well-known health benefits. However, it mainly exists in its glycosidic form, polydatin, in plants. To increase the production of resveratrol for various uses in medicine, foods, and cosmetics, an efficient deglycosylation technique is needed for converting polydatin into resveratrol. We screened a new cellulolytic strain of Bacillus from herb compost, and we optimized parameters within the fermentation process using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The yield of cellulase reached 2701.08 U/L, corresponding to values that were 5.4 times as high as those under unoptimized conditions. The Bacillus cellulase possessed good thermostablity and was stable under both acidic and neutral conditions. The cellulase was then used in the pretreatment of P. cuspidatum root. After incubation at 50°C for 4 h with shaking at 150 rpm, the contents of piceid and resveratrol were determined to be 7.60 ± 0.15 and 9.72 ± 0.29 mg/g, respectively. To obtain complete deglycosylation, immobilized β-glucosidase (bgl2238) was added to the cellulase-treated extracts of P. cuspidatum root to convert residual polydatin into resveratrol. After the first cycle, the contents of piceid and resveratrol were determined to be 0 and 13.69 ± 0.30 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, enzyme activity showed little loss during up to 4 consecutive cycles. These results demonstrated that the immobilized β-glucosidase possessed high deglycosylation activity and outstanding operational stability. The mixture of Bacillus cellulase and immobilized bgl2238 appears promising as a means to increase the supply of resveratrol in the medicine market worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengle Zhang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhining Bao
- Guangzhou Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjiong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Aulitto M, Fusco S, Nickel DB, Bartolucci S, Contursi P, Franzén CJ. Seed culture pre-adaptation of Bacillus coagulans MA-13 improves lactic acid production in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:45. [PMID: 30858882 PMCID: PMC6394018 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and sustainable feedstock, which represents a promising raw material for the production of lactic acid via microbial fermentation. However, toxic compounds that affect microbial growth and metabolism are released from the biomass upon thermochemical pre-treatment. So far, susceptibility of bacterial strains to biomass-derived inhibitors still represents a major barrier to lactic acid production from lignocellulose. Detoxification of the pre-treated lignocellulosic material by water washing is commonly performed to alleviate growth inhibition of the production microorganism and achieve higher production rates. RESULTS In this study, we assessed the feasibility of replacing the washing step with integrated cellular adaptation during pre-culture of Bacillus coagulans MA-13 prior to simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of steam exploded wheat straw. Using a seed culture pre-exposed to 30% hydrolysate led to 50% shorter process time, 50% higher average volumetric and 115% higher average specific productivity than when using cells from a hydrolysate-free seed culture. CONCLUSIONS Pre-exposure of B. coagulans MA-13 to hydrolysate supports adaptation to the actual production medium. This strategy leads to lower process water requirements and combines cost-effective seed cultivation with physiological pre-adaptation of the production strain, resulting in reduced lactic acid production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Aulitto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Benjamin Nickel
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Patrizia Contursi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Carl Johan Franzén
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Zhao C, Ni Z, Shao M, Han M, Huang D, Liu F. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a thermostable xylulose kinase from Bacillus coagulans IPE22. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:542-551. [PMID: 30747439 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Xylulose kinase is an important enzyme involved in xylose metabolism, which is considered as essential biocatalyst for sustainable lignocellulosic-derived pentose utilization. Bacillus coagulans IPE22 is an ideal bacterium for refinery due to its strong ability to ferment xylose at high temperature. However, the B. coagulans xylose utilization mechanism remains unclear and the related promising enzymes need to be developed. In the present study, the gene coding for xylulose kinase from B. coagulans IPE22 (Bc-XK) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Bc-XK has a 1536 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 511 amino acids (56.15 kDa). Multiple sequence alignments were performed and a phylogenetic tree was built to evaluate differences among Bc-XK and other bacteria homologs. Bc-XK showed a broad adaptability to high temperature and the enzyme displayed its best performance at pH 8.0 and 60 °C. Bc-XK was activated by Mg2+ , Mn2+ , and Co2+ . Meanwhile, the enzyme could keep activity at 60 °C for at least 180 min. KM values of Bc-XK for xylulose and ATP were 1.29 mM and 0.76 mM, respectively. The high temperature stability of Bc-XK implied that it was an attractive candidate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Zhihua Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Menghua Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengying Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fengsong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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35
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Aulitto M, Fusco S, Limauro D, Fiorentino G, Bartolucci S, Contursi P. Galactomannan degradation by thermophilic enzymes: a hot topic for biotechnological applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Gu H, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Liang X, Liu X, Shao L, Xu Y, Xu Z, Liu R, Li J. Physiological mechanism of improved tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to lignin-derived phenolic acids in lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation by short-term adaptation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:268. [PMID: 31755875 PMCID: PMC6854637 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic acids are lignin-derived fermentation inhibitors formed during many pretreatment processes of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids were selected as the model compounds of phenolic acids, and the effect of short-term adaptation strategies on the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to phenolic acids was investigated. The mechanism of phenolic acids tolerance in the adapted yeast strains was studied at the morphological and physiological levels. RESULTS The multiple phenolic acids exerted the synergistic inhibitory effect on the yeast cell growth. In particular, a significant interaction between vanillic and hydroxybenzoic acids was found. The optimal short-term adaptation strategies could efficiently improve the growth and fermentation performance of the yeast strain not only in the synthetic media with phenolic acids, but also in the simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation of corncob residue. Morphological analysis showed that phenolic acids caused the parental strain to generate many cytoplasmic membrane invaginations with crack at the top of these sites and some mitochondria gathered around. The adapted strain presented the thicker cell wall and membrane and smaller cell size than those of the parental strain. In particular, the cytoplasmic membrane generated many little protrusions with regular shape. The cytoplasmic membrane integrity was analyzed by testing the relative electrical conductivity, leakage of intracellular substance, and permeation of fluorescent probe. The results indicated that the short-term adaptation improved the membrane integrity of yeast cell. CONCLUSION The inhibition mechanism of phenolic acid might be attributed to the combined effect of the cytoplasmic membrane damage and the intracellular acidification. The short-term adaptation strategy with varied stressors levels and adaptive processes accelerated the stress response of yeast cell structure to tolerate phenolic acids. This strategy will contribute to the development of robust microbials for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Gu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Yuyong Zhu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Yanfang Peng
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Xiujun Liang
- Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Lingzhi Shao
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Zhaohe Xu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000 Hebei China
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Cubas-Cano E, González-Fernández C, Ballesteros M, Tomás-Pejó E. Lactobacillus pentosus
CECT 4023 T co-utilizes glucose and xylose to produce lactic acid from wheat straw hydrolysate: Anaerobiosis as a key factor. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2739. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Cubas-Cano
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production Unit; 28935 Móstoles Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Ballesteros
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production Unit; 28935 Móstoles Spain
- CIEMAT, Biofuels Unit; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- IMDEA Energy Institute, Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production Unit; 28935 Móstoles Spain
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38
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Konuray G, Erginkaya Z. Potential Use of Bacillus coagulans in the Food Industry. Foods 2018; 7:foods7060092. [PMID: 29899254 PMCID: PMC6025323 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms are generally considered to beneficially affect host health when used in adequate amounts. Although generally used in dairy products, they are also widely used in various commercial food products such as fermented meats, cereals, baby foods, fruit juices, and ice creams. Among lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the most commonly used bacteria in probiotic foods, but they are not resistant to heat treatment. Probiotic food diversity is expected to be greater with the use of probiotics, which are resistant to heat treatment and gastrointestinal system conditions. Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) has recently attracted the attention of researchers and food manufacturers, as it exhibits characteristics of both the Bacillus and Lactobacillus genera. B. coagulans is a spore-forming bacterium which is resistant to high temperatures with its probiotic activity. In addition, a large number of studies have been carried out on the low-cost microbial production of industrially valuable products such as lactic acid and various enzymes of B. coagulans which have been used in food production. In this review, the importance of B. coagulans in food industry is discussed. Moreover, some studies on B. coagulans products and the use of B. coagulans as a probiotic in food products are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Konuray
- Department of Food Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey.
| | - Zerrin Erginkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey.
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