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Manzano-Alvarez J, Terradas G, Holmes CJ, Benoit JB, Rasgon JL. Dehydration stress and Mayaro virus vector competence in Aedes aegypti. J Virol 2023; 97:e0069523. [PMID: 38051046 PMCID: PMC10734514 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00695-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Relative humidity (RH) is an environmental variable that affects mosquito physiology and can impact pathogen transmission. Low RH can induce dehydration in mosquitoes, leading to alterations in physiological and behavioral responses such as blood-feeding and host-seeking behavior. We evaluated the effects of a temporal drop in RH (RH shock) on mortality and Mayaro virus vector competence in Ae. aegypti. While dehydration induced by humidity shock did not impact virus infection, we detected a significant effect of dehydration on mosquito mortality and blood-feeding frequency, which could significantly impact transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Manzano-Alvarez
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Universidad El Bosque, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Saneamiento Ecológico, Salud y Medio Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gerard Terradas
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Joshua B. Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason L. Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Prasetyo DA, Nurlaelasari A, Wulandari AR, Cahyadi M, Wardhana AH, Kurnianto H, Kurniawan W, Kristianingrum YP, Muñoz-Caro T, Hamid PH. High prevalence of liver fluke infestation, Fasciola gigantica, among slaughtered cattle in Boyolali District, Central Java. Open Vet J 2023; 13:654-662. [PMID: 37304607 PMCID: PMC10257458 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i5.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fasciolosis is a foodborne disease caused by Fasciola sp. infecting ruminants, especially cattle. Fasciolosis remains a significant concern for Veterinary Public Health because of its zoonosis risk and transmission mode. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Fasciola gigantica infestation in cattle at Ampel abbatoir, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 585 cattle from February to August 2022. Visual observation postmortem was used to assess Fasciola infection based on adult flukes in liver parenchyma and ductuli biliferi. Results The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in Ampel abbatoir is high, reaching 25.12% (147/585). The highest prevalence was observed in the Ongole breed, 42.1% (24/57), female cattle, 38.72% (115/297), body condition score criteria of 2 50% (21/42), cattle aged >3.5 years 46.06% (82/178), and cattle originated from outside of Boyolali district 33.33% (71/213). Conclusion This study showed a high prevalence of fasciolosis in Ampel abbatoir, as shown in the correlation between the risk factors of breed, sex, body condition score (BCS), origin, and age. Because of the high prevalence of fasciolosis in the abattoirs, it is essential to continue performing epidemiology studies in more expansive areas. The subsequent plans are important to reduce the risk of fasciolosis as a threat to productive cattle husbandry and warrant its transmission to humans as a foodborne-zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andini Nurlaelasari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
| | - Aisyah Retno Wulandari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Cahyadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Wahyu Kurniawan
- Agency of Livestock and Fishery Services, Boyolali District, Central Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Tamara Muñoz-Caro
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
| | - Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
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Engell Dahl J, Renault D. Ecophysiological Responses of the Lesser Mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus Exposed to Desiccating Conditions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826458. [PMID: 35283797 PMCID: PMC8905145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve predictions of the impacts of climate change on insects, this study aimed to uncover how exposure to dry conditions can affect the biology of the invasive pest beetle Alphitobius diaperinus in terms of longevity, activity, water content, metabolic profiles, and fecundity. We measured desiccation resistance in adults of A. diaperinus by recording the time the beetles could survive desiccation stress. We found that the species was highly desiccation resistant, with about 50% of the insects exposed to desiccation being able to survive for 30 days, and some individuals even survived for up to 50 days at 10% ± 2 relative humidity. There was no evidence of active upregulation of sugars or other metabolites which the beetles could have used to better tolerate desiccation. Food deprivation affected both control (food deprivation, no desiccation) and treatment (food deprivation, desiccation) groups, as their metabolic phenotypes changed similarly after 1 week of treatment. Also, the activity of beetles from both control and desiccation treatments was similarly increased 2 weeks after the experiment had started. Even if there were no changes in the metabolic phenotypes of the insects experiencing desiccating conditions, beetles exposed to desiccation for 8 days had a significantly reduced reproductive output as compared with control insects. This result indicated a physiological cost of drought resistance or repair of stress-incurred damages. The exact nature of that effect (e.g., direct or indirect physiological costs) has not yet been described for tenebrionid beetles and should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Engell Dahl
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution)—UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Holmes CJ, Brown ES, Sharma D, Nguyen Q, Spangler AA, Pathak A, Payton B, Warden M, Shah AJ, Shaw S, Benoit JB. Bloodmeal regulation in mosquitoes curtails dehydration-induced mortality, altering vectorial capacity. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 137:104363. [PMID: 35121007 PMCID: PMC8885900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes readily lose water when exposed to any humidity less than that of near saturated air unless mitigated, leading to shifts in behavior, survival, distribution, and reproduction. In this study, we conducted a series of physiological experiments on two prominent species in the Culicinae subfamily: Culex pipiens, a vector of West Nile virus, and Aedes aegypti, a vector of yellow fever and Zika to examine the effects of dehydration. We exposed C. pipiens and A. aegypti to non-dehydrating conditions (saturated air), dehydrating conditions (air at a 0.89 kPa saturation vapor pressure deficit), several recovery conditions, as well as to bloodfeeding opportunities. We show that dehydrated mosquitoes increase bloodfeeding propensity, improve retention, and decrease excretion of a post-dehydration bloodmeal. In addition, mosquitoes that take a bloodmeal prior to dehydration exposure show increased survival over non-bloodfed counterparts. Dehydration-induced alterations in survival, reproduction, and bloodfeeding propensity of C. pipiens and A. aegypti resulted in marked changes to vectorial capacity. Ultimately, these results become increasingly important as drought intensifies in association with climate change and mosquitoes become more likely to experience arid periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Elliott S Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Dhriti Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Austin A Spangler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Atit Pathak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Blaine Payton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew Warden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ashay J Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Samantha Shaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Bibi R, Tariq RM, Rasheed M. Toxic assessment, growth disrupting and neurotoxic effects of red seaweeds' botanicals against the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110451. [PMID: 32199214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of synthetic pesticides over decades to control insects, pests, and disease vectors has resulted in negative impacts on environment and health. The current study assessed the toxicological effects of 12 botanicals obtained from 4 different red seaweeds against the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Four species of red seaweeds, namely Laurencia karachiana, Gracilaria foliifera, Jania rubens, Asparagopsis taxiformis, were collected from Karachi coast and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The efficiency of these extracts was determined by using a dose-response bioassay method against 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti. Separate investigations on the toxicity and IGI effects were done. Comparative studies showed that the hexane extracts induced more toxic effects. Based on the LC50 values, obtained after 24 h of treatments, hexane extract of J. rubens (HJ) exhibited toxic effects with LC50 32 μg/mL, (equivalent to GHS category 3), followed by G. foliifera (HG) (LC50 76.8 μg/mL). HJ also showed prominent neurotoxic effects within 1-6 h. Comparatively, higher morphological abnormalities and growth inhibiting (IGI) effects were obtained in the dichloromethane and methanol extracts treated larvae, after 48-96 h, resulting in the formation of immature life forms such as larvi-pupae and pupi-adult. Presumptive growth inhibiting effects were also noted. These included formation of albino and black pupae, deformities in the internal structure of the treated larvae and the chitin synthesis related effects such as 'inhibiting effect on adult emergence'. Finding revealed that red seaweeds, harvested from the Arabian Sea, have potentials to affect Ae. aegypti survival and thus can be utilized as green pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bibi
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | | | - Munawwer Rasheed
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Holmes CJ, Benoit JB. Biological Adaptations Associated with Dehydration in Mosquitoes. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10110375. [PMID: 31661928 PMCID: PMC6920799 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that are transmitted by mosquitoes are a tremendous health and socioeconomic burden with hundreds of millions of people being impacted by mosquito-borne illnesses annually. Many factors have been implicated and extensively studied in disease transmission dynamics, but knowledge regarding how dehydration impacts mosquito physiology, behavior, and resulting mosquito-borne disease transmission remain underdeveloped. The lapse in understanding on how mosquitoes respond to dehydration stress likely obscures our ability to effectively study mosquito physiology, behavior, and vectorial capabilities. The goal of this review is to develop a profile of factors underlying mosquito biology that are altered by dehydration and the implications that are related to disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. Variation over time in wing size and shape of the coastal malaria vector Anopheles ( Cellia) epiroticus Linton and Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae) in Samut Songkhram, Thailand. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:208-214. [PMID: 31453193 PMCID: PMC6702878 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus Linton & Harbach, a coastal mosquito (also called a brackish mosquito), is a secondary vector species of malaria distributed throughout eastern and southern regions of Thailand. This research aimed to investigate the differences of wing size and shape of this female Aonpheles species in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand occurring over time between 2015 and 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS Coordinates of 13 landmarks were selected and digitized. Centroid size (CS) was used to estimate wing size. Shape variables were used to estimate wing shape and were calculated from the Generalized Procrustes Analysis following principal components of the partial warp. The statistically significant differences of the average wing size based on CS and wing shape based on Mahalanobis distances in each year were estimated using the non-parametric permutation testing with 1,000 cycles after Bonferroni correction with a significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05). RESULTS The A. epiroticus population in year 2016 had the highest average (3.61 mm), and the population in year 2017 had the lowest (3.47 mm). In this study, there was no difference in the size of wing between A. epiroticus population in the years 2015 and 2016 (p > 0.05). The A. epiroticus population in year 2017 was significantly smaller than the population in the years 2015 and 2016 (p < 0.05). All pairwise comparisons of wing shape Mahalanobis distances were significantly different in year 2017 compared with 2015 and 2016 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results indicate differences of wings occur over time that affect the morphological variability of A. epiroticus. The differences in weather conditions in each year affect the adaptive and morphological changes of mosquitoes in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sedthapong Laojun
- Bachelor of Public Health, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thorat L, Nath BB. Insects With Survival Kits for Desiccation Tolerance Under Extreme Water Deficits. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1843. [PMID: 30622480 PMCID: PMC6308239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2002 marked the tercentenary of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's discovery of desiccation tolerance in animals. This remarkable phenomenon to sustain 'life' in the absence of water can be revived upon return of hydrating conditions. Today, coping with climate change-related factors, especially temperature-humidity imbalance, is a global challenge. Under such adverse circumstances, desiccation tolerance remains a prime mechanism of several plants and a few animals to escape the hostile consequences of fluctuating hydroperiodicity patterns in their habitats. Among small animals, insects have demonstrated impressive resilience to dehydration and thrive under physiological water deficits without compromising on revival and survival upon rehydration. The focus of this review is to compile research insights on insect desiccation tolerance, gathered over the past several decades from numerous laboratories worldwide working on different insect groups. We provide a comparative overview of species-specific behavioral changes, adjustments in physiological biochemistry and cellular and molecular mechanisms as few of the noteworthy desiccation-responsive survival kits in insects. Finally, we highlight the role of insects as potential mechanistic models in tracking global warming which will form the basis for translational research to mitigate periods of climatic uncertainty predicted for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Thorat
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Bimalendu B Nath
- Stress Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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9
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Dehydration prompts increased activity and blood feeding by mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6804. [PMID: 29717151 PMCID: PMC5931509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current insights into the mosquito dehydration response rely on studies that examine specific responses but ultimately fail to provide an encompassing view of mosquito biology. Here, we examined underlying changes in the biology of mosquitoes associated with dehydration. Specifically, we show that dehydration increases blood feeding in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, which was the result of both higher activity and a greater tendency to land on a host. Similar observations were noted for Aedes aegypti and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. RNA-seq and metabolome analyses in C. pipiens following dehydration revealed that factors associated with carbohydrate metabolism are altered, specifically the breakdown of trehalose. Suppression of trehalose breakdown in C. pipiens by RNA interference reduced phenotypes associated with lower hydration levels. Lastly, mesocosm studies for C. pipiens confirmed that dehydrated mosquitoes were more likely to host feed under ecologically relevant conditions. Disease modeling indicates dehydration bouts will likely enhance viral transmission. This dehydration-induced increase in blood feeding is therefore likely to occur regularly and intensify during periods when availability of water is low.
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Hidalgo K, Montazeau C, Siaussat D, Braman V, Trabalon M, Simard F, Renault D, Dabiré RK, Mouline K. Distinct physiological, biochemical and morphometric adjustments in the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and A. coluzzii as means to survive dry season conditions in Burkina Faso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.174433. [PMID: 29378815 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.174433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aestivation and dispersive migration are the two strategies evoked in the literature to explain the way in which malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and A. gambiae survive the harsh climatic conditions of the dry season in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the physiological mechanisms regulating these two strategies are unknown. In the present study, mosquito species were exposed to controlled environmental conditions mimicking the rainy and dry seasons of south western Burkina Faso. Survival strategies were studied through morphometric (wing length), ecophysiological (respiratory gas exchanges), biochemical (cuticular hydrocarbons composition) and molecular (AKH mRNA expression levels) parameters, variations of which are usually considered to be hallmarks of aestivation and dispersion mechanisms in various insects. Our results showed that ecophysiological and morphometric adjustments are made in both species to prevent water losses during the dry season. However, the usual metabolic rate modifications expected as signatures of aestivation and migration were not observed, highlighting specific and original physiological mechanisms sustaining survival in malaria mosquitoes during the dry season. Differences in epicuticular hydrocarbon composition and AKH levels of expression were found between the permanent and temporary A. coluzzii populations, illustrating the great phenotypic plasticity of this mosquito species. Altogether, our work underlines the diverse and complex pattern of changes occurring in the two mosquito species and at the population level to cope with the dry season and highlights potential targets of future control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidalgo
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France .,INRA UR370 QuaPA, MASS Group, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Montazeau
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Siaussat
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Braman
- UMR 7618 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 4 Place Jussieu, Tour 44-45, 3ème étage, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Trabalon
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6552 Ethologie animale et humaine, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - F Simard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, CS 74205 35042 Rennes, Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - R K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - K Mouline
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier 1-Université de Montpellier 2 MIVEGEC, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (DRO), 399 Avenue de la Liberté, 01 BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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11
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Huestis DL, Artis ML, Armbruster PA, Lehmann T. Photoperiodic responses of Sahelian malaria mosquitoes Anopheles coluzzii and An. arabiensis. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:621. [PMID: 29282150 PMCID: PMC5745990 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout large parts of sub-Saharan Africa, seasonal malaria transmission follows mosquito density, approaching zero during the dry season and peaking during the wet season. The mechanisms by which malaria mosquitoes survive the long dry season, when no larval sites are available remain largely unknown, despite being long recognized as a critical target for vector control. Previous work in the West African Sahel has led to the hypothesis that Anopheles coluzzii (formerly M-form Anopheles gambiae) undergoes aestivation (dry-season diapause), while Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) (formerly S-form An. gambiae) and Anopheles arabiensis repopulate each wet season via long-distance migration. The environmental cues used by these species to signal the oncoming dry season have not been determined; however, studies, mostly addressing mosquitoes from temperate zones, have highlighted photoperiod and temperature as the most common token stimuli for diapause initiation. We subjected newly established colonies of An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis from the Sahel to changes in photoperiod to assess and compare their responses in terms of longevity and other relevant phenotypes. RESULTS Our results showed that short photoperiod alone and to a lesser extent, lower nightly temperature (representing the early dry season), significantly increased longevity of An. coluzzii (by ~30%, P < 0.001) but not of An. arabiensis. Further, dry season conditions increased body size but not relative lipid content of An. coluzzii, whereas body size of An. arabiensis decreased under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS These species-specific responses underscore the capacity of tropical anophelines to detect mild changes (~1 h) in photoperiod and thus support the role of photoperiod as a token stimulus for An. coluzzii in induction of aestivation, although, these responses fall short of a complete recapitulation of aestivation under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Huestis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Monica L. Artis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD USA
| | | | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD USA
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12
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Lehmann T, Weetman D, Huestis DL, Yaro AS, Kassogue Y, Diallo M, Donnelly MJ, Dao A. Tracing the origin of the early wet-season Anopheles coluzzii in the Sahel. Evol Appl 2017; 10:704-717. [PMID: 28717390 PMCID: PMC5511357 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In arid environments, the source of the malaria mosquito populations that re‐establish soon after first rains remains a puzzle and alternative explanations have been proposed. Using genetic data, we evaluated whether the early rainy season (RS) population of Anopheles coluzzii is descended from the preceding late RS generation at the same locality, consistent with dry season (DS) dormancy (aestivation), or from migrants from distant locations. Distinct predictions derived from these two hypotheses were assessed, based on variation in 738 SNPs in eleven A. coluzzii samples, including seven samples spanning 2 years in a Sahelian village. As predicted by the “local origin under aestivation hypothesis,” temporal samples from the late RS and those collected after the first rain of the following RS were clustered together, while larger genetic distances were found among samples spanning the RS. Likewise, multilocus genotype composition of samples from the end of the RS was similar across samples until the following RS, unlike samples that spanned the RS. Consistent with reproductive arrest during the DS, no genetic drift was detected between samples taken over that period, despite encompassing extreme population minima, whereas it was detected between samples spanning the RS. Accordingly, the variance in allele frequency increased with time over the RS, but not over the DS. However, not all the results agreed with aestivation. Large genetic distances separated samples taken a year apart, and during the first year, within‐sample genetic diversity declined and increased back during the late RS, suggesting a bottleneck followed by migration. The decline of genetic diversity followed by a mass distribution of insecticide‐treated nets was accompanied by a reduced mosquito density and a rise in the mutation conferring resistance to pyrethroids, indicating a bottleneck due to insecticidal selection. Overall, our results support aestivation in A. coluzzii during the DS that is accompanied by long‐distance migration in the late RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research NIAID, NIH Rockville MD USA
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK
| | - Diana L Huestis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research NIAID, NIH Rockville MD USA
| | - Alpha S Yaro
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology Bamako Mali
| | - Yaya Kassogue
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology Bamako Mali
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology Bamako Mali
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK
| | - Adama Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC) Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology Bamako Mali
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Faiman R, Solon-Biet S, Sullivan M, Huestis DL, Lehmann T. The contribution of dietary restriction to extended longevity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:156. [PMID: 28340627 PMCID: PMC5366120 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in longevity has long been of interest in vector biology because of its implication in disease transmission through vectorial capacity. Recent studies suggest that Anopheles coluzzii adults persist during the ~7 month dry season via aestivation. Recently there has been a growing body of evidence linking dietary restriction and low ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate with extended longevity of animals. Here, we evaluated the effects of dietary restriction and the protein : carbohydrate ratio on longevity of An. coluzzii. RESULTS In our experiment, we combined dietary regimes with temperature and relative humidity to assess their effects on An. coluzzii longevity, in an attempt to simulate aestivation under laboratory conditions. Our results showed significant effects of both the physical and the dietary variables on longevity, but that diet regimen had a considerably greater effect than those of the physical conditions. Higher temperature and lower humidity reduced longevity. At 22 °C dietary protein (blood) shortened longevity when sugar was not restricted (RH = 85%), but extended longevity when sugar was restricted (RH = 50%). CONCLUSIONS Dietary restriction extended longevity in accord with predictions, but protein : carbohydrate ratio had a negligible effect. We identified conditions that significantly extend longevity in malaria vectors, however, the extent of increase in longevity was insufficient to simulate aestivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Faiman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | | | - Margery Sullivan
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Diana L Huestis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.,Office of Global Health Diplomacy, U.S. Department of State, 1800 G Street NW, Suite 10300, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
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14
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Arcaz AC, Huestis DL, Dao A, Yaro AS, Diallo M, Andersen J, Blomquist GJ, Lehmann T. Desiccation tolerance in Anopheles coluzzii: the effects of spiracle size and cuticular hydrocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:1675-88. [PMID: 27207644 PMCID: PMC4920233 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The African malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii range over forests and arid areas, where they withstand dry spells and months-long dry seasons, suggesting variation in their desiccation tolerance. We subjected a laboratory colony (G3) and wild Sahelian mosquitoes during the rainy and dry seasons to desiccation assays. The thoracic spiracles and amount and composition of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of individual mosquitoes were measured to determine the effects of these traits on desiccation tolerance. The relative humidity of the assay, body water available, rate of water loss and water content at death accounted for 88% of the variation in desiccation tolerance. Spiracle size did not affect the rate of water loss or desiccation tolerance of the colony mosquitoes, as was the case for the total CHCs. However, six CHCs accounted for 71% of the variation in desiccation tolerance and three accounted for 72% of the variation in the rate of water loss. Wild A. coluzzii exhibited elevated desiccation tolerance during the dry season. During that time, relative thorax and spiracle sizes were smaller than during the rainy season. A smaller spiracle size appeared to increase A. coluzzii's desiccation tolerance, but was not statistically significant. Seasonal changes in CHC composition were detected in Sahelian A. coluzzii Stepwise regression models suggested the effect of particular CHCs on desiccation tolerance. In conclusion, the combination of particular CHCs along with the total amount of CHCs is a primary mechanism conferring desiccation tolerance in A. coluzzii, while variation in spiracle size might be a secondary mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C Arcaz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Diana L Huestis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Adama Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology, Bamako, BP 1805, Mali
| | - Alpha S Yaro
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology, Bamako, BP 1805, Mali
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-stomatology, Bamako, BP 1805, Mali
| | - John Andersen
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Gary J Blomquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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