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Pirovich DB, Da'dara AA, Skelly PJ. GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AS VACCINES AGAINST SCHISTOSOMIASIS: TESTING SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE IN MICE. J Parasitol 2024; 110:96-105. [PMID: 38466806 DOI: 10.1645/23-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a globally burdensome parasitic disease caused by flatworms (blood flukes) in the genus Schistosoma. The current standard treatment for schistosomiasis is the drug praziquantel, but there is an urgent need to advance novel interventions such as vaccines. Several glycolytic enzymes have been evaluated as vaccine targets for schistosomiasis, and data from these studies are reviewed here. Although these parasites are canonically considered to be intracellular, proteomic analysis has revealed that many schistosome glycolytic enzymes are additionally found at the host-interactive surface. We have recently found that the intravascular stage of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) expresses the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) on the tegumental surface. Live parasites display PGM activity, and suppression of PGM gene expression by RNA interference diminishes surface enzyme activity. Recombinant SmPGM (rSmPGM) can cleave its glycolytic substrate, 3-phosphoglycerate and can both bind to plasminogen and promote its conversion to an active form (plasmin) in vitro, suggesting a moonlighting role for this enzyme in regulating thrombosis in vivo. We found that antibodies in sera from chronically infected mice recognize rSmPGM. We also tested the protective efficacy of rSmPGM as a vaccine in the murine model. Although immunization generates high titers of anti-SmPGM antibodies (against both recombinant and native SmPGM), no significant differences in worm numbers were found between vaccinated and control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Pirovich
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Akram A Da'dara
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Patrick J Skelly
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
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Zumuk CP, Jones MK, Navarro S, Gray DJ, You H. Transmission-Blocking Vaccines against Schistosomiasis Japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1707. [PMID: 38338980 PMCID: PMC10855202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Control of schistosomiasis japonica, endemic in Asia, including the Philippines, China, and Indonesia, is extremely challenging. Schistosoma japonicum is a highly pathogenic helminth parasite, with disease arising predominantly from an immune reaction to entrapped parasite eggs in tissues. Females of this species can generate 1000-2200 eggs per day, which is about 3- to 15-fold greater than the egg output of other schistosome species. Bovines (water buffalo and cattle) are the predominant definitive hosts and are estimated to generate up to 90% of parasite eggs released into the environment in rural endemic areas where these hosts and humans are present. Here, we highlight the necessity of developing veterinary transmission-blocking vaccines for bovines to better control the disease and review potential vaccine candidates. We also point out that the approach to producing efficacious transmission-blocking animal-based vaccines before moving on to human vaccines is crucial. This will result in effective and feasible public health outcomes in agreement with the One Health concept to achieve optimum health for people, animals, and the environment. Indeed, incorporating a veterinary-based transmission vaccine, coupled with interventions such as human mass drug administration, improved sanitation and hygiene, health education, and snail control, would be invaluable to eliminating zoonotic schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika P. Zumuk
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Darren J. Gray
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Hong You
- Infection and Inflammation Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (C.P.Z.); (M.K.J.); (S.N.)
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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3
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Piao X, Jiang N, Liu S, Duan J, Dai H, Hou N, Chen Q. Schistosoma japonicum EKLF/KLF1 is a potential immune target to tackle schistosomiasis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:334. [PMID: 37742024 PMCID: PMC10517563 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interruption of parasite reproduction by targeting migrating schistosomula is a promising strategy for managing schistosomiasis. Hepatic schistosomula proteins previously identified based on second-generation schistosome DNA sequencing were found to hold excellent potential for schistosomiasis japonica diagnosis and as vaccine candidates. However, there are still many unknown schistosomula proteins that warrant further investigations. Herein, a novel schistosomula protein, the Schistosoma japonicum erythroid Krüppel-like factor (SjEKLF/KLF1), was explored. METHODS Sequence alignment was carried out to detect the amino acid sequence characteristics of SjEKLF. The expression profile of SjEKLF was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the antigenicity of SjEKLF in hosts. Mice immunised with recombinant SjEKLF were challenged to test the potential value of the protein as an immunoprotective target. RESULTS SjEKLF is defined as EKLF/KLF1 for its C-terminal DNA-binding domain. SjEKLF is mainly expressed in hepatic schistosomula and male adults and located within the intestinal intima of the parasites. Notably, high levels of SjEKLF-specific antibodies were detected in host sera and SjEKLF exhibited outstanding sensitivity and specificity for schistosomiasis japonica immunodiagnosis but failed to distinguish between ongoing infection and previous exposure. In addition, SjEKLF immunisation reduced the infection in vivo, resulting in decreased worm and egg counts, and alleviated body weight loss and hepatomegaly in infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings demonstrate that SjEKLF is critical for the infection of S. japonicum and may be a potential target to help control S. japonicum infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyu Piao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamei Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Dai
- Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Qijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
- The Research Unit for Pathogenic Mechanisms of Zoonotic Parasites, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.
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Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030334. [PMID: 36986434 PMCID: PMC10058461 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against parasites have lagged centuries behind those against viral and bacterial infections, despite the devastating morbidity and widespread effects of parasitic diseases across the globe. One of the greatest hurdles to parasite vaccine development has been the lack of vaccine strategies able to elicit the complex and multifaceted immune responses needed to abrogate parasitic persistence. Viral vectors, especially adenovirus (AdV) vectors, have emerged as a potential solution for complex disease targets, including HIV, tuberculosis, and parasitic diseases, to name a few. AdVs are highly immunogenic and are uniquely able to drive CD8+ T cell responses, which are known to be correlates of immunity in infections with most protozoan and some helminthic parasites. This review presents recent developments in AdV-vectored vaccines targeting five major human parasitic diseases: malaria, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Many AdV-vectored vaccines have been developed for these diseases, utilizing a wide variety of vectors, antigens, and modes of delivery. AdV-vectored vaccines are a promising approach for the historically challenging target of human parasitic diseases.
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Characterization and evaluation of a new triosephosphate isomerase homologue from Haemaphysalis longicornis as a candidate vaccine against tick infection. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Molehin AJ, Gray SA, Turner C, Davis J, Zhang W, Khatoon S, Rattan M, Kernen R, Peterson C, Sennoune SR, Carter D, Siddiqui AA. Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:578715. [PMID: 33732227 PMCID: PMC7959798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a neglected tropical disease resulting in significant morbidity to both humans and animals - particularly bovines - in endemic areas. Infection with this parasite leads to less healthy herds, causing problems in communities which rely on bovines for farming, milk and meat production. Additionally, excretion of parasite eggs in feces perpetuates the life cycle and can lead to human infection. We endeavored to develop a minimally purified, inexpensive, and effective vaccine based on the 80 kDa large subunit of the calcium activated neutral protease (calpain) from S. japonicum (Sj-p80). Here we describe the production of veterinary vaccine-grade Sj-p80 at four levels of purity and demonstrate in a pilot study that minimally purified antigen provides protection against infection in mice when paired with a low-cost veterinary adjuvant, Montanide™ ISA61 VG. Preliminary data demonstrate that the vaccine is immunogenic with robust antibody titers following immunization, and vaccination resulted in a reduction of parasite eggs being deposited in the liver (23.4-51.4%) and intestines (1.9-55.1%) depending on antigen purity as well as reducing the ability of these eggs to hatch into miracidia by up to 31.6%. We therefore present Sj-p80 as a candidate vaccine antigen for Asiatic schistosomiasis which is now primed for continued development and testing in bovines in endemic areas. A successful bovine vaccine could play a major role in reducing pathogen transmission to humans by interrupting the parasitic life cycle and improving quality of life for people living in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo J. Molehin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sean A. Gray
- PAI Life Sciences Inc, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cheri Turner
- PAI Life Sciences Inc, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sabiha Khatoon
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Madison Rattan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca Kernen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Christopher Peterson
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Souad R. Sennoune
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Afzal A. Siddiqui
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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7
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Jimenez-Sandoval P, Castro-Torres E, González-González R, Díaz-Quezada C, Gurrola M, Camacho-Manriquez LD, Leyva-Navarro L, Brieba LG. Crystal structures of Triosephosphate Isomerases from Taenia solium and Schistosoma mansoni provide insights for vaccine rationale and drug design against helminth parasites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007815. [PMID: 31923219 PMCID: PMC6980832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triosephosphate isomerases (TPIs) from Taenia solium (TsTPI) and
Schistosoma mansoni (SmTPI) are potential vaccine and drug
targets against cysticercosis and schistosomiasis, respectively. This is due to
the dependence of parasitic helminths on glycolysis and because those proteins
elicit an immune response, presumably due to their surface localization. Here we
report the crystal structures of TsTPI and SmTPI in complex with
2-phosphoglyceric acid (2-PGA). Both TPIs fold into a dimeric (β-α)8
barrel in which the dimer interface consists of α-helices 2, 3, and 4, and
swapping of loop 3. TPIs from parasitic helminths harbor a region of three amino
acids knows as the SXD/E insert (S155 to E157 and S157 to D159 in TsTPI and
SmTPI, respectively). This insert is located between α5 and β6 and is proposed
to be the main TPI epitope. This region is part of a solvent-exposed
310–helix that folds into a hook-like structure. The crystal
structures of TsTPI and SmTPI predicted conformational epitopes that could be
used for vaccine design. Surprisingly, the epitopes corresponding to the SXD/E
inserts are not the ones with the greatest immunological potential. SmTPI, but
not TsTPI, habors a sole solvent exposed cysteine (SmTPI-S230) and alterations
in this residue decrease catalysis. The latter suggests that thiol-conjugating
agents could be used to target SmTPI. In sum, the crystal structures of SmTPI
and TsTPI are a blueprint for targeted schistosomiasis and cysticercosis drug
and vaccine development. Because of the worldwide prevalence of schistosomiasis and cysticercosis, it is
critical to develop drugs and vaccines against their causative agents. The
glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) is a dual-edged sword against
diseases caused by parasitic helminths. This is because helminths heavily depend
on glycolysis for energy and because the surface localization exhibited by TPIs
that elicits an immune response against those organisms. Here we provide the
crystal structures TPIs from Taenia solium and
Schistosoma mansoni as a first step for vaccine and drug
design. As a proof of concept we found that modifications in the single solvent
exposed cysteine of TPI from S. mansoni
decreases catalysis, making this enzyme a novel target against
schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jimenez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Eduardo Castro-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Rogelio González-González
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Corina Díaz-Quezada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Misraim Gurrola
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Laura D. Camacho-Manriquez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Lucia Leyva-Navarro
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
| | - Luis G. Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad,
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato,
México
- * E-mail:
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8
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You H, Harvie M, Du X, Rivera V, Zhang P, McManus DP. Protective Immune Responses Generated in a Murine Model Following Immunization with Recombinant Schistosoma japonicum Insulin Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103088. [PMID: 30304851 PMCID: PMC6213549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop vaccines for schistosomiasis given the current heavy dependency on praziquantel as the only available drug for treatment. We previously showed the ligand domain of the Schistosoma japonicum insulin receptor 1 and 2 (rSjLD1 and 2) fusion proteins conferred solid protection in mice against challenge infection with S. japonicum. To improve vaccine efficacy, we compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rSjLD1 on its own and in combination with S. japonicum triose-phosphate isomerase (SjTPI), formulated with either of two adjuvants (QuilA and montanide ISA 720VG) in murine vaccine trials against S. japonicum challenge. The level of protection was higher in mice vaccinated only with rSjLD1 formulated with either adjuvant; rSjTPI or the rSjTPI-rSjLD1 combination resulted in a lower level of protection. Mirroring our previous results, there were significant reductions in the number of female worms (30–44%), faecal eggs (61–68%), liver eggs (44–56%), intestinal eggs (46–48%) and mature intestinal eggs (58–63%) in the rSjLD1-vaccinated mice compared with the adjuvant only groups. At 6-weeks post-cercarial challenge, a significantly increased production of interferon gamma (IFNγ) in rSjLD1-stimulated splenic CD4+ T cells was observed in the rSjLD1-vaccinated mice suggesting a Th1-type response is associated with the generated level of protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Marina Harvie
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Xiaofeng Du
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Rivera
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD4006, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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Morais ER, Oliveira KC, de Paula RG, Ornelas AMM, Moreira ÉBC, Badoco FR, Magalhães LG, Verjovski-Almeida S, Rodrigues V. Effects of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on the parasite Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184192. [PMID: 28898250 PMCID: PMC5595316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a proteolytic complex responsible for intracellular protein turnover in eukaryotes, archaea and in some actinobacteria species. Previous work has demonstrated that in Schistosoma mansoni parasites, the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 affects parasite development. However, the molecular targets affected by MG-132 in S. mansoni are not entirely known. Here, we used expression microarrays to measure the genome-wide changes in gene expression of S. mansoni adult worms exposed in vitro to MG-132, followed by in silico functional analyses of the affected genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Scanning electron microscopy was used to document changes in the parasites’ tegument. We identified 1,919 genes with a statistically significant (q-value ≤ 0.025) differential expression in parasites treated for 24 h with MG-132, when compared with control. Of these, a total of 1,130 genes were up-regulated and 790 genes were down-regulated. A functional gene interaction network comprised of MG-132 and its target genes, known from the literature to be affected by the compound in humans, was identified here as affected by MG-132. While MG-132 activated the expression of the 26S proteasome genes, it also decreased the expression of 19S chaperones assembly, 20S proteasome maturation, ubiquitin-like NEDD8 and its partner cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase genes. Interestingly, genes that encode proteins related to potassium ion binding, integral membrane component, ATPase and potassium channel activities were significantly down-regulated, whereas genes encoding proteins related to actin binding and microtubule motor activity were significantly up-regulated. MG-132 caused important changes in the worm tegument; peeling, outbreaks and swelling in the tegument tubercles could be observed, which is consistent with interference on the ionic homeostasis in S. mansoni. Finally, we showed the down-regulation of Bax pro-apoptotic gene, as well as up-regulation of two apoptosis inhibitor genes, IAP1 and BRE1, and in contrast, down-regulation of Apaf-1 apoptotic activator, thus suggesting that apoptosis is deregulated in S. mansoni exposed to MG-132. A considerable insight has been gained concerning the potential of MG-132 as a gene expression modulator, and overall the data suggest that the proteasome might be an important molecular target for the design of new drugs against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyara R. Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Katia C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Núcleo de Enteroparasitas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renato G. de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Alice M. M. Ornelas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Érika B. C. Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Rafacho Badoco
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brasil
| | - Lizandra G. Magalhães
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica em Eucariotos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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10
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Wang L, Sun X, Huang J, Zhan B, Zhu X. Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Enhances TsPmy's Protective Immunity against Trichinella spiralis Infection in a Murine Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1394. [PMID: 28785255 PMCID: PMC5519575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TsPmy is a paramyosin expressed by parasitic Trichinella spiralis and confers a protective immunity when its recombinant protein or DNA was used as an immunogen. To improve its immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy, we conducted a heterologous prime-boost strategy by orally delivering one dose of TsPmy DNA carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (SL7207), followed by two doses of recombinant TsPmy intramuscularly. This strategy effectively induced intestinal mucosal sIgA response and an enhanced and balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses that improve protection against T. spiralis larval challenge, with 55.4% muscle larvae reduction and 41.8% adult worm reduction compared to PBS control. The muscle larvae reduction induced by heterologous prime-boost regimen was significant higher than that induced by the homologous DNA or protein prime-boost regimens, which could act as a practical prophylactic approach to prevent T. spiralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ximeng Sun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China.,Research Centre of Microbiome, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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11
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Mu X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Luo D, Xu M, Wei H, Gu D, Song H, Hu Y. Retraction Note to: The complete mitochondrial genomes of two freshwater snails provide new protein-coding gene rearrangement models and phylogenetic implications. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:350. [PMID: 28732528 PMCID: PMC5522592 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yexin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Du Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Dangen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yinchang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Xingyu Road1, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
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