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Puchner KP, Bottazzi ME, Periago V, Grobusch M, Maizels R, McCarthy J, Lee B, Gaspari E, Diemert D, Hotez P. Vaccine value profile for Hookworm. Vaccine 2024; 42:S25-S41. [PMID: 37863671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Hookworm, a parasitic infection, retains a considerable burden of disease, affecting the most underprivileged segments of the general population in endemic countries and remains one of the leading causes of mild to severe anemia in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), particularly in pregnancy and children under 5. Despite repeated large scale Preventive Chemotherapy (PC) interventions since more than 3 decades, there is broad consensus among scholars that elimination targets set in the newly launched NTD roadmap will require additional tools and interventions. Development of a vaccine could constitute a promising expansion of the existing arsenal against hookworm. Therefore, we have evaluated the biological and implementation feasibility of the vaccine development as well as the added value of such a novel tool. Based on pipeline landscaping and the current knowledge on key biological aspects of the pathogen and its interactions with the host, we found biological feasibility of development of a hookworm vaccine to be moderate. Also, our analysis on manufacturing and regulatory issues as well as potential uptake yielded moderate implementation feasibility. Modelling studies suggest a that introduction of a vaccine in parallel with ongoing integrated interventions (PC, WASH, shoe campaigns), could substantially reduce burden of disease in a cost - saving mode. Finally a set of actions are recommended that might impact positively the likelihood of timely development and introduction of a hookworm vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor, TX, USA
| | | | - Martin Grobusch
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James McCarthy
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruce Lee
- Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Gaspari
- European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - David Diemert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor, TX, USA
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Akkus GN, Yildiz K. Extracellular traps development in canine neutrophils induced by infective stage Toxocara canis larvae. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110186. [PMID: 38640875 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils, a crucial element of the host defense system, develop extracellular traps against helminth parasites. Neutrophils accumulate around the larvae of Toxocara canis (T. canis) in the tissues of the organism. This study aimed to determine the reaction in canine neutrophils after incubation with infective stage T. canis larvae (L3) in vitro. Most L3 were still active and moved between the extracellular traps (NETs) after 60-min incubation. NETs were not disintegrated by L3 movement. The L3 was only immobilized by NETs, entrapped larvae were still motile between the traps at the 24 h incubation. NETs were observed not only to accumulate around the mouth, excretory pole or anus but also the entire body of live L3. The extracellular DNA amount released from the canine neutrophils after being induced with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was not affected by T. canis excretory/secretory products obtained from 250 L3. To the Authors'knowledge, the extracellular trap structures was firstly observed in canine neutrophils against T. canis L3 in vitro. NETs decorated with myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase and histone (H3) were observed under fluorescence microscope. There were not significant differences in the amount of extracellular DNA (P > 0.05), but the morphological structure of NETs was different in the live and head-inactivated T. canis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Nur Akkus
- Kirikkale University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Parasitology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Kader Yildiz
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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3
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Furtado LFV, Alves WP, da Silva VJ, Rabelo ÉML. Hookworm infection as a model for deepen knowledge of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis in anemia. Cytokine 2024; 177:156559. [PMID: 38412767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, there has been progress in understanding the molecular aspects of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis. However, despite research conducted both in laboratories and living organisms, there are still unanswered questions due to the complex nature of these fields. In this study we investigated the effects of hookworm infection on iron metabolism and how the hosts response to anemia is affected using hamsters infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum as a model. Our data revealed interesting relationships between infection-induced anemia, erythropoiesis, iron metabolism, and immune modulation, such that the elevated production of erythropoietin (EPO) in renal tissue indicated intensified erythropoiesis in response to anemia. Additionally, the increased expression of the erythroferrone (ERFE) gene in the spleen suggested its involvement in iron regulation and erythropoiesis. Gene expression patterns of genes related to iron metabolism varied in different tissues, indicating tissue-specific adaptations to hypoxia. The modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines highlighted the delicate balance between immune response and erythropoiesis. Data derived from the investigation of changes induced in iron metabolism and stress erythropoiesis following anemia aid in our understanding of mechanisms related to blood spoliation and anemia, which could potentially be extrapolated or compared to other types or causes of anemia. These findings also contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of erythropoiesis in the context of blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Viana Furtado
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - William Pereira Alves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hospital das Clínicas, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 110, Santa Efigênia, CEP 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian Jordania da Silva
- Prefeitura Municipal de Sabará, Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Avenida Charles Gonort, CEP: 34505620, Rosario I, Sabará, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tiberti N, Manfredi M, Piubelli C, Buonfrate D. Progresses and challenges in Strongyloides spp. proteomics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220447. [PMID: 38008115 PMCID: PMC10676815 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of high-quality data of helminth genomes provided over the past two decades has supported and accelerated large-scale 'omics studies and, consequently, the achievement of a more in-depth molecular characterization of a number of pathogens. This has also involved Strongyloides spp. and since their genome was made available transcriptomics has been rather frequently applied to investigate gene expression regulation across their life cycle. Strongyloides proteomics characterization has instead been somehow neglected, with only a few reports performing high-throughput or targeted analyses associated with protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry. Such investigations are however necessary in order to discern important aspects associated with human strongyloidiasis, including understanding parasite biology and the mechanisms of host-parasite interaction, but also to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review article, we will give an overview of the published proteomics studies investigating strongyloidiasis at different levels, spanning from the characterization of the somatic proteome and excretory/secretory products of different parasite stages to the investigation of potentially immunogenic proteins. Moreover, in the effort to try to start filling the current gap in host-proteomics, we will also present the first serum proteomics analysis in patients suffering from human strongyloidiasis. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiberti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella (Verona), Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella (Verona), Italy
| | - Dora Buonfrate
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella (Verona), Italy
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Wu F, Chen X, Du Z, Chen Y, Tong D, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma G, Du A. Proteomic differences between extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory/secretory products of barber's pole worm. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:17. [PMID: 38217036 PMCID: PMC10785392 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Components of excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of helminths have been proposed as vaccine targets and shown to play a role in modulating host immune responses for decades. Such research interest is further increased by the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the ESPs of parasitic worms. Although efforts have been made to reveal the cargos of EVs, little is known about the proteomic differences between EVs and canonical ESPs released by parasitic worms from animals. METHODS The total ESPs of Haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm) were obtained by short-term in vitro culturing of young adult worms, and small EVs were isolated from ESPs using an ultracentrifugation method. Data-dependent acquisition (DDA) label-free Nano-LC-MS/MS was used to quantify the proteomic difference between small EVs and EV-depleted ESPs of H. contortus. Functional annotation and enrichment of the differential proteins were performed regarding cellular components, molecular functions, pathways, and/or biological processes. RESULTS A total of 1697 proteins were identified in small EVs and EV-depleted ESPs of H. contortus adult worms, with 706 unique proteins detected in the former and 597 unique proteins in the latter. It was revealed that proteins in small EVs are dominantly cytoplasmic, whereas proteins in EV-depleted ESPs are mainly extracellular; canonical ESPs such as proteases and small GTPases were abundantly detected in small EVs, and SCP/TAP-, DUF-, and GLOBIN domain-containing proteins were mainly found in EV-depleted ESPs. Compared with well-characterised proteins in small EVs, about 50% of the proteins detected in EV-depleted ESPs were poorly characterised. CONCLUSIONS There are remarkable differences between small EVs and EV-depleted ESPs of H. contortus in terms of protein composition. Immune modulatory effects caused by nematode ESPs are possibly contributed mainly by the proteins in small EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhendong Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanqiong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danni Tong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Aifang Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ferguson AA, Inclan-Rico JM, Lu D, Bobardt SD, Hung L, Gouil Q, Baker L, Ritchie ME, Jex AR, Schwarz EM, Rossi HL, Nair MG, Dillman AR, Herbert DR. Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011797. [PMID: 38079450 PMCID: PMC10735188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the host immune environment on parasite transcription and fitness is currently unknown. It is widely held that hookworm infections have an immunomodulatory impact on the host, but whether the converse is true remains unclear. Immunity against adult-stage hookworms is largely mediated by Type 2 immune responses driven by the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6). This study investigated whether serial passage of the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6 KO) caused changes in parasites over time. After adaptation to STAT6 KO hosts, N. brasiliensis increased their reproductive output, feeding capacity, energy content, and body size. Using an improved N. brasiliensis genome, we found that these physiological changes corresponded with a dramatic shift in the transcriptional landscape, including increased expression of gene pathways associated with egg production, but a decrease in genes encoding neuropeptides, proteases, SCP/TAPS proteins, and transthyretin-like proteins; the latter three categories have been repeatedly observed in hookworm excreted/secreted proteins (ESPs) implicated in immunosuppression. Although transcriptional changes started to appear in the first generation of passage in STAT6 KO hosts for both immature and mature adult stages, downregulation of the genes putatively involved in immunosuppression was only observed after multiple generations in this immunodeficient environment. When STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis were reintroduced to a naive WT host after up to 26 generations, this progressive change in host-adaptation corresponded to increased production of inflammatory cytokines by the WT host. Surprisingly, however, this single exposure of STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis to WT hosts resulted in worms that were morphologically and transcriptionally indistinguishable from WT-adapted parasites. This work uncovers remarkable plasticity in the ability of hookworms to adapt to their hosts, which may present a general feature of parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel A. Ferguson
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Inclan-Rico
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dihong Lu
- University of California Riverside, Department of Nematology, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah D. Bobardt
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - LiYin Hung
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Quentin Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Baker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron R. Jex
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erich M. Schwarz
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cornell University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Rossi
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meera G. Nair
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- University of California Riverside, Department of Nematology, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - De’Broski R. Herbert
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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7
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Wu F, Wu J, Chen X, Zhou J, Du Z, Tong D, Zhang H, Huang Y, Yang Y, Du A, Ma G. A secreted BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domain-containing protein of barber's pole worm interacts with host NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated G protein subunit to inhibit IL-1β and IL-18 maturation in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2023; 323:110052. [PMID: 37865081 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are major components of excretory/secretory products released by parasitic nematodes and have been proposed to play roles in host-parasite interactions. Haemonchus contortus (the barber's pole worm) encodes for several serine protease inhibitors, and in a previous study we identified a trypsin inhibitor-like serine protease inhibitor of this blood-feeding nematode, SPI-I8, as necessary for anticoagulation. Here, we demonstrated that a bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor/Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (BPTI/Kunitz) domain-containing protein highly expressed in parasitic stages, HCON_00133150, is involved in suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production in mammalian cells. Fluorescent labelling of HCON_00133150 revealed a punctate localisation at the inner hypodermal membrane of H. contortus, an organ closely related to the excretory column. Yeast two-hybrid screening and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry identified that the recombinant HCON_00133150 physically interacted with a range of host proteins including the G protein subunit beta 1 of sheep (Ovis aries; OaGNB1), a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Interestingly, heterologous expression of HCON_00133150 enhanced the inhibitory effect of OaGNB1 on NLRP3 inflammasome and the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in transfected cells. 1-to-1 orthologues (n = 33) of BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domain-containing proteins were predicted in clades III, IV and V (but not clade I) parasitic nematodes. Structural (tandem BPTI/Kunitz inhibitor domains inverted into the globular reticulation) and functional (a GNB1 enhancer) characterisation of HCON_00133150 and its orthologues elucidated that these molecules might contribute to immune suppression by parasitic nematodes in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain and Brain-machine integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhendong Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Danni Tong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aifang Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Guangxu Ma
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Szewczak L, Krawczak-Wójcik K, Kierasińska M, Stear M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K. The Impact of Intestinal Inflammation on Nematode's Excretory-Secretory Proteome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14127. [PMID: 37762428 PMCID: PMC10531923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes and their products are promising candidates for therapeutics against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Two species of nematodes, the hookworm Necator americanus and the whipworm Trichuis suis, are being used in clinical treatment trials of IBD referred to as "helminth therapy". Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a well-known model for human hookworm infections. Excretory-secretory (ES) products of H. polygyrus L4 stage that developed during colitis show a different immunomodulatory effect compared to the ES of H. polgyrus from healthy mice. The aim of the study was to evaluate excretory-secretory proteins produced by H. polygyrus L4 stage males and females that developed in the colitic milieu. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins. Blast2GO was used to investigate the functions of the discovered proteins. A total of 387 proteins were identified in the ES of H. polygyrus L4 males (HpC males), and 330 proteins were identified in the ES of L4 females that developed in the colitic milieu (HpC females). In contrast, only 200 proteins were identified in the ES of L4 males (Hp males) and 218 in the ES of L4 females (Hp females) that developed in control conditions. Most of the proteins (123) were detected in all groups. Unique proteins identified in the ES of HpC females included annexin, lysozyme-2, apyrase, and galectin. Venom allergen/Ancylostoma-secreted protein-like, transthyretin-like family proteins, and galectins were found in the secretome of HpC males but not in the secretome of control males. These molecules may be responsible for the therapeutic effects of nematodes in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Świeradowska 43, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ludmiła Szewczak
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 00-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Krawczak-Wójcik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kierasińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Department of Experimental Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Świeradowska 43, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
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Lebu S, Kibone W, Muoghalu CC, Ochaya S, Salzberg A, Bongomin F, Manga M. Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011496. [PMID: 37561673 PMCID: PMC10414660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have raised the possibility that soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections might modify the host's immune response against other systemic infections. STH infections can alter the immune response towards type 2 immunity that could then affect the likelihood and severity of other illnesses. However, the importance of co-infections is not completely understood, and the impact and direction of their effects vary considerably by infection. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the relevance of STH co-infections, the potential mechanisms that explain their effects, and how they might affect control and elimination efforts. According to the literature reviewed, there are both positive and negative effects associated with STH infections on other diseases such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, gestational anemia, pediatric anemia, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and trachoma, as well as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Studies typically describe how STHs can affect the immune system and promote increased susceptibility, survival, and persistence of the infection in the host by causing a TH2-dominated immune response. The co-infection of STH with other diseases has important implications for the development of treatment and control strategies. Eliminating parasites from a human host can be more challenging because the TH2-dominated immune response induced by STH infection can suppress the TH1 immune response required to control other infections, resulting in an increased pathogen load and more severe disease. Preventive chemotherapy and treatment are currently the most common approaches used for the control of STH infections, but these approaches alone may not be adequate to achieve elimination goals. Based on the conclusions drawn from this review, integrated approaches that combine drug administration with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions, hygiene education, community engagement, and vaccines are most likely to succeed in interrupting the transmission of STH co-infections. Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and relevance of STH co-infections in the context of elimination efforts is an important intermediate step toward reducing the associated burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebu
- The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Winnie Kibone
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chimdi C. Muoghalu
- The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen Ochaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala Academic Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aaron Salzberg
- The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Musa Manga
- The Water Institute at UNC, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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10
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Chakraborty P, Aravindhan V, Mukherjee S. Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124649. [PMID: 37119907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in healthcare sectors, a number of life-threatening infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases are continuously challenging mankind throughout the globe. In this context, recent successes in utilizing helminth parasite-derived bioactive macromolecules viz. glycoproteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids/lipoproteins, nucleic acids/nucleotides, and small organic molecules for treating various disorders primarily resulted from inflammation. Among the several parasites that infect humans, helminths (cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes) are known as efficient immune manipulators owing to their explicit ability to modulate and modify the innate and adaptive immune responses of humans. These molecules selectively bind to immune receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells and trigger multiple signaling pathways to elicit anti-inflammatory cytokines, expansion of alternatively activated macrophages, T-helper 2, and immunoregulatory T regulatory cell types to induce an anti-inflammatory milieu. Reduction of pro-inflammatory responses and repair of tissue damage by these anti-inflammatory mediators have been exploited for treating a number of autoimmune, allergic, and metabolic diseases. Herein, the potential and promises of different helminths/helminth-derived products as therapeutic agents in ameliorating immunopathology of different human diseases and their mechanistic insights of function at cell and molecular level alongside the molecular signaling cross-talks have been reviewed by incorporating up-to-date findings achieved in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India
| | | | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India.
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11
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You H, Jones MK, Gordon CA, Arganda AE, Cai P, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, McManus DP. The mRNA Vaccine Technology Era and the Future Control of Parasitic Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0024121. [PMID: 36625671 PMCID: PMC10035331 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive long-term efforts, with very few exceptions, the development of effective vaccines against parasitic infections has presented considerable challenges, given the complexity of parasite life cycles, the interplay between parasites and their hosts, and their capacity to escape the host immune system and to regulate host immune responses. For many parasitic diseases, conventional vaccine platforms have generally proven ill suited, considering the complex manufacturing processes involved and the costs they incur, the inability to posttranslationally modify cloned target antigens, and the absence of long-lasting protective immunity induced by these antigens. An effective antiparasite vaccine platform is required to assess the effectiveness of novel vaccine candidates at high throughput. By exploiting the approach that has recently been used successfully to produce highly protective COVID mRNA vaccines, we anticipate a new wave of research to advance the use of mRNA vaccines to prevent parasitic infections in the near future. This article considers the characteristics that are required to develop a potent antiparasite vaccine and provides a conceptual foundation to promote the development of parasite mRNA-based vaccines. We review the recent advances and challenges encountered in developing antiparasite vaccines and evaluate the potential of developing mRNA vaccines against parasites, including those causing diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis, against which vaccines are currently suboptimal or not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Malcolm K. Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine A. Gordon
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexa E. Arganda
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Harry Al-Wassiti
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Department of Infection and Inflammation, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Uzoechi SC, Rosa BA, Singh KS, Choi YJ, Bracken BK, Brindley PJ, Townsend RR, Sprung R, Zhan B, Bottazzi ME, Hawdon JM, Wong Y, Loukas A, Djuranovic S, Mitreva M. Excretory/Secretory Proteome of Females and Males of the Hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Pathogens 2023; 12:95. [PMID: 36678443 PMCID: PMC9865600 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic host-parasite mechanisms underlying hookworm infection establishment and maintenance in mammalian hosts remain poorly understood but are primarily mediated by hookworm's excretory/secretory products (ESPs), which have a wide spectrum of biological functions. We used ultra-high performance mass spectrometry to comprehensively profile and compare female and male ESPs from the zoonotic human hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum, which is a natural parasite of dogs, cats, and humans. We improved the genome annotation, decreasing the number of protein-coding genes by 49% while improving completeness from 92 to 96%. Compared to the previous genome annotation, we detected 11% and 10% more spectra in female and male ESPs, respectively, using this improved version, identifying a total of 795 ESPs (70% in both sexes, with the remaining sex-specific). Using functional databases (KEGG, GO and Interpro), common and sex-specific enriched functions were identified. Comparisons with the exclusively human-infective hookworm Necator americanus identified species-specific and conserved ESPs. This is the first study identifying ESPs from female and male A. ceylanicum. The findings provide a deeper understanding of hookworm protein functions that assure long-term host survival and facilitate future engineering of transgenic hookworms and analysis of regulatory elements mediating the high-level expression of ESPs. Furthermore, the findings expand the list of potential vaccine and diagnostic targets and identify biologics that can be explored for anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Uzoechi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bruce A. Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kumar Sachin Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Young-Jun Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - R. Reid Townsend
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert Sprung
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria-Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John M. Hawdon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Yide Wong
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Australia
| | - Sergej Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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13
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Ríos-López AL, Hernández-Bello R, González GM, Sánchez-González A. Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens selectively inhibit the release of extracellular traps from neutrophils without affecting their additional antimicrobial functions. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104630. [PMID: 36270066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fiber structures composed of chromatin and granular proteins that capture and eliminate microorganisms. The NETs formation is induced in response to pathogens and physiological stimuli; however, some pathogens have developed strategies to evade NETs activity. Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory (ES) antigens are proteins that allow the establishment of the parasite in the host, facilitating penetration, migration, nutrition, and survival. In this paper we described that ES antigens inhibit NETs release, since neutrophils incubated with these antigens maintains a delobulated nucleus, without the release fibers structures indicative of NETs. We also found that other antimicrobial functions of neutrophils, such as phagocytic activity, degranulation, and ROS production, remain unchanged after incubation with ES antigens. This is relevant since it could constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune pathologies in which the formation of NETs performs an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Ríos-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Romel Hernández-Bello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
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14
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Gurr A, Brook AH, Kumaratilake J, Anson T, Pate FD, Henneberg M. Was it worth migrating to the new British industrial colony of South Australia? Evidence from skeletal pathologies and historic records of a sample of 19th-century settlers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 37:41-52. [PMID: 35489278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine pathological evidence present in a sample of 19th -century settlers to South Australia in the context of an early industrial society. MATERIALS Skeletal remains of 20 adults and 45 nonadults from the government funded burial site (free ground) of St Mary's Anglican Church Cemetery, gravestones of privately funded burials and local parish records. METHODS Investigation of pathological manifestations of skeletal remains, church records and historic literature. Comparison with similar samples from Britain and from New South Wales. RESULTS Joint disease seen in 35% of adults. Porosity in bone cortices indicative of vitamin C deficiency seen in 32% of the total sample and porous lesions in the orbit (cribra orbitalia) in 7% of nonadults. Traumatic fractures identified in two adult males. Gastrointestinal conditions were the leading cause of death for nonadults, most adults died of pulmonary conditions. Life expectancy of people buried at the expense of the government was 23.8-42.6 years, those in private burials 57.1 years. CONCLUSION Health of migrant settlers from the St Mary's free ground did not differ much from that of a similar population in Britain nor of settlers in New South Wales. Thus, it is characteristic for lower socioeconomic groups in early industrialised societies. SIGNIFICANCE St Mary's sample is a rarity due scarcity of similar Australian skeletal samples. LIMITATIONS Small sample size and lack of similar samples for comparison. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Comprehensive investigation of dentitions in St Mary's sample and studies of more skeletal samples of early settlers in other Australian locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gurr
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Alan Henry Brook
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
| | - Jaliya Kumaratilake
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Australia; Archaeology, Flinders University, Australia; Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Wang A, Liu X, Heckmann A, Caignard G, Vitour D, Hirchaud E, Liu M, Boireau P, Karadjian G, Vallée I. A Trichinella spiralis new born larvae-specific protein, Ts-NBL1, interacts with host's cell vimentin. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1369-1378. [PMID: 35320836 PMCID: PMC8993751 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic nematode Trichinella has a special relationship with its host as it has a unique intracellular location within the feeder cell which is a structure derived from skeletal muscle fiber. It has been proposed that “parakines” secreted by Trichinella larvae serve as messengers to implement communication between the parasite and the muscle cells through a molecular cross-talk to ensure permanent coexistence within the host. The Ts-NBL1 protein is considered to be a potential key “parakine” involved in the early invasion of the muscle fiber and its transformation into a feeder cell during Trichinella spiralis infection. This study used for the first time yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) technology in Trichinella to identify Ts-NBL1 interacting proteins. GST co-affinity purification experiments confirmed vimentin as an important interactor. The discovery of the new host proteins interacting with Ts-NBL1 will help to suggest that Ts-NBL1 contributes to participate in the capsule formation of feeder cells and provide ideas for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the survival of Trichinella in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wang
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - A Heckmann
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Caignard
- UMR 1161 Virologie, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris‑Est Sup, Maisons‑Alfort, France
| | - D Vitour
- UMR 1161 Virologie, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris‑Est Sup, Maisons‑Alfort, France
| | - E Hirchaud
- Viral Genetic and Biosecurity Unit, BP53, ANSES Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - P Boireau
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - G Karadjian
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - I Vallée
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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16
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Wang X, Zhao C, Zhang G, Zhang K, Li Z, Shang Y, Ning C, Ji C, Xia X, Cai X, Qiao J, Meng Q. Molecular characterization of a novel GSTO2 of Fasciola hepatica and its roles in modulating murine macrophages. Parasite 2022; 29:16. [PMID: 35315767 PMCID: PMC8939299 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and poses a serious threat to global public health. To evade the immune response of its host (humans or animals), F. hepatica secretes various antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase (GST) to facilitate its invasion, migration and parasitism in vivo. To investigate the biological functions of a novel omega-class GST (GSTO), the molecular features of GSTO2 of F. hepatica were analyzed by online software, and the biochemical properties in vitro of recombinant GSTO2 (rGSTO2) were dissected. Then, the regulatory roles of rGSTO2 protein in murine macrophages in vitro were further explored. The results revealed that the GSTO2 gene encodes 254 amino acids, which harbor the characteristic N-terminal domain (βαβαββα) and C-terminal domain (α-helical) of the cytoplasmic GST superfamily. GSTO2 was mainly expressed in F. hepatica vitelline follicles, intestinal tract, excretory pores and vitelline cells, with thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Moreover, rGSTO2 protein could be taken up by murine macrophages and significantly inhibit the viability of macrophages. In addition, rGSTO2 protein could significantly promote apoptosis and modulate the expression of cytokines in macrophages. These findings suggested that F. hepatica GSTO2 plays an important role in modulating the physiological functions of macrophages, whereby this protein might be involved in immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory roles during infection. This study provided new insights into the immune-evasion mechanism of F. hepatica and may contribute to the development of a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chunguang Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Guowu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chengcheng Ning
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Chunhui Ji
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Qingling Meng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
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17
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de Almeida Capella G, Berne Pinheiro N, Quintana de Moura M, Carra Perera S, Borges Weege G, Pereira Leivas Leite F, James Scaini C, Cristina da Silva Rappeti J, Aires Berne ME. Dioctophyme renale: in vitro culture, production of excretory and secretory antigens, and their use in immunodiagnosis. Vet Parasitol 2022; 303:109674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Doolan R, Bouchery T. Hookworm infections: Reappraising the evidence for a role of Neutrophils in light of NETosis. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12911. [PMID: 35124825 PMCID: PMC9285577 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In Hookworm infection, neutrophils have long had the image of the villain, being recruited to the site of larval migration because of damage but participating themselves in tissue injury. With recent developments in neutrophil biology, there is an increasing body of evidence for the role of neutrophils as effector cells in hookworm immunity. In particular, their ability to release extracellular traps, or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), confer neutrophils a larvicidal activity. Here, we review recent evidence in this nascent field and discuss the avenue for future research on NETs/hookworm interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Doolan
- Hookworm Immunobiology Laboratory Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4051 CH Basel Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- Hookworm Immunobiology Laboratory Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Socinstrasse 57 4051 CH Basel Switzerland
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19
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Wang T, Gasser RB. Prospects of Using High-Throughput Proteomics to Underpin the Discovery of Animal Host-Nematode Interactions. Pathogens 2021; 10:825. [PMID: 34209223 PMCID: PMC8308620 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes impose a significant public health burden, and cause major economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Due to the widespread of anthelmintic resistance and lack of effective vaccines for most nematode species, there is an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic and vaccine targets, informed through an understanding of host-parasite interactions. Proteomics, underpinned by genomics, enables the global characterisation proteins expressed in a particular cell type, tissue and organism, and provides a key to insights at the host-parasite interface using advanced high-throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies. Here, we (i) review current mass-spectrometry-based proteomic methods, with an emphasis on a high-throughput 'bottom-up' approach; (ii) summarise recent progress in the proteomics of parasitic nematodes of animals, with a focus on molecules inferred to be involved in host-parasite interactions; and (iii) discuss future research directions that could enhance our knowledge and understanding of the molecular interplay between nematodes and host animals, in order to work toward new, improved methods for the treatment, diagnosis and control of nematodiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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20
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Lan Z, Liu XL, Lv QB, Zeng MH, Gao JF, Chang QC, Chen YY, Wang CR. Proteomic Analysis of Fasciola hepatica Excretory and Secretory Products Co-Immunoprecipitated Using Time Course Infection Sera. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060749. [PMID: 34199190 PMCID: PMC8231988 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a widespread pathogen that is known for its harmful effects on the health and productivity of ruminant animals. To identify the proteins present in all periods of infection with F. hepatica but not in those with Fasciola gigantica by shotgun liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we collected the ESPs and sera of F. hepatica and F. gigantica. In this study, the sheep were artificially infected with F. hepatica and the sera were collected at five different periods: 3 days post-infection (dpi), 7 dpi, 21 dpi, 63 dpi, and 112 dpi. The interacting proteins were pulled down from the sheep sera of all five periods and the sera with F. gigantica by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, before being identified by LC–MS/MS analysis. Thirty, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-seven, and twenty-two proteins were pulled down by the infected sera at 3 dpi, 7 dpi, 21 dpi, 63 dpi, and 112 dpi, respectively. Among them, 12 proteins existed in all periods, while six proteins could be detected in all periods in F. hepatica but not in F. gigantica. Protein relative pathway analysis revealed that these proteins mainly refer to the metabolism, regulation of genetic activity, and signal transduction of F. hepatica. In conclusion, this study provides meaningful data for the diagnosis of fasciolosis and to understand the interactions between F. hepatica and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Qing-Bo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Min-Hao Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jun-Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.L.); (Q.-B.L.); (M.-H.Z.); (J.-F.G.); (Q.-C.C.); (C.-R.W.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Bovine Disease Control and Prevention, Daqing 163319, China
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21
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Montaño KJ, Cuéllar C, Sotillo J. Rodent Models for the Study of Soil-Transmitted Helminths: A Proteomics Approach. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:639573. [PMID: 33968800 PMCID: PMC8100317 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect hundreds of millions worldwide and are some of the most important neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity. Due to the difficulty in studying STH human infections, rodent models have become increasingly used, mainly because of their similarities in life cycle. Ascaris suum and Trichuris muris have been proven appropriate and low maintenance models for the study of ascariasis and trichuriasis. In the case of hookworms, despite most of the murine models do not fully reproduce the life cycle of Necator americanus, their proteomic similarity makes them highly suitable for the development of novel vaccine candidates and for the study of hookworm biological features. Furthermore, these models have been helpful in elucidating some basic aspects of our immune system, and are currently being used by numerous researchers to develop novel molecules with immunomodulatory proteins. Herein we review the similarities in the proteomic composition between Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri and Trichuris muris and their respective human counterpart with a focus on the vaccine candidates and immunomodulatory proteins being currently studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Montaño
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cuéllar
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Vieira P, Shao J, Vijayapalani P, Maier TR, Pellegrin C, Eves-van den Akker S, Baum TJ, Nemchinov LG. A new esophageal gland transcriptome reveals signatures of large scale de novo effector birth in the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:738. [PMID: 33096989 PMCID: PMC7585316 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode responsible for economically important losses in a wide number of crops. Despite the importance of P. penetrans, the molecular mechanisms employed by this nematode to promote virulence remain largely unknown. RESULTS Here we generated a new and comprehensive esophageal glands-specific transcriptome library for P. penetrans. In-depth analysis of this transcriptome enabled a robust identification of a catalogue of 30 new candidate effector genes, which were experimentally validated in the esophageal glands by in situ hybridization. We further validated the expression of a multifaceted network of candidate effectors during the interaction with different plants. To advance our understanding of the "effectorome" of P. penetrans, we adopted a phylogenetic approach and compared the expanded effector repertoire of P. penetrans to the genome/transcriptome of other nematode species with similar or contrasting parasitism strategies. Our data allowed us to infer plausible evolutionary histories that shaped the effector repertoire of P. penetrans, as well as other close and distant plant-parasitic nematodes. Two remarkable trends were apparent: 1) large scale effector birth in the Pratylenchidae in general and P. penetrans in particular, and 2) large scale effector death in sedentary (endo) plant-parasitic nematodes. CONCLUSIONS Our study doubles the number of validated Pratylenchus penetrans effectors reported in the literature. The dramatic effector gene gain in P. penetrans could be related to the remarkable ability of this nematode to parasitize a large number of plants. Our data provide valuable insights into nematode parasitism and contribute towards basic understating of the adaptation of P. penetrans and other root lesion nematodes to specific host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vieira
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA.
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Jonathan Shao
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Maier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Clement Pellegrin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lev G Nemchinov
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA
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23
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Zawawi A, Else KJ. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Vaccines: Are We Getting Closer? Front Immunol 2020; 11:576748. [PMID: 33133094 PMCID: PMC7565266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths infect over one-fourth of the human population resulting in significant morbidity, and in some cases, death in endemic countries. Despite mass drug administration (MDA) to school-aged children and other control measures, helminth infections are spreading into new areas. Thus, there is a strong rationale for developing anthelminthic vaccines as cost-effective, long-term immunological control strategies, which, unlike MDA, are not haunted by the threat of emerging drug-resistant helminths nor limited by reinfection risk. Advances in vaccinology, immunology, and immunomics include the development of new tools that improve the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of vaccines; and some of these tools have been used in the development of helminth vaccines. The development of anthelminthic vaccines is fraught with difficulty. Multiple lifecycle stages exist each presenting stage-specific antigens. Further, helminth parasites are notorious for their ability to dampen down and regulate host immunity. One of the first significant challenges in developing any vaccine is identifying suitable candidate protective antigens. This review explores our current knowledge in lead antigen identification and reports on recent pre-clinical and clinical trials in the context of the soil-transmitted helminths Trichuris, the hookworms and Ascaris. Ultimately, a multivalent anthelminthic vaccine could become an essential tool for achieving the medium-to long-term goal of controlling, or even eliminating helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Zawawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Ayat Zawawi
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,Kathryn J. Else
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24
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Cleenewerk L, Garssen J, Hogenkamp A. Clinical Use of Schistosoma mansoni Antigens as Novel Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1821. [PMID: 32903582 PMCID: PMC7438586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis states that improved hygiene and the resulting disappearance of once endemic diseases is at the origin of the enormous increase in immune related disorders such as autoimmune diseases seen in the industrialized world. Helminths, such as Schistosoma mansoni, are thought to provide protection against the development of autoimmune diseases by regulating the host's immune response. This modulation primarily involves induction of regulatory immune responses, such as generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells and alternatively activated macrophages. This points toward the potential of employing helminths or their products/metabolites as therapeutics for autoimmune diseases that are characterized by an excessive inflammatory state, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we examine the known mechanisms of immune modulation by S. mansoni, explore preclinical and clinical studies that investigated the use of an array helminthic products in these diseases, and propose that helminthic therapy opens opportunities in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cleenewerk
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Beta Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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