1
|
Mougabure-Cueto G, Fronza G, Nattero J. What happens when the insecticide does not kill? A review of sublethal toxicology and insecticide resistance in triatomines. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39167411 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is considered one of the most important human parasitosis in the United States. This disease is mainly transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. The chemical vector control is the main tool for reducing the incidence of the disease. However, the presence of triatomines after pyrethroids spraying has been reported in some regions, as in the case of Triatoma infestans in Argentina and Bolivia. The presence of insects can be explained by the colonization from neighbouring areas, the reduction of insecticide dose to sublethal levels due to environmental factors, and/or by the evolution of insecticide resistance. In the last two scenarios, a proportion of the insects is not killed by insecticide and gives rise to residual populations. This article focuses on the toxicological processes associated with these scenarios in triatomines. Sublethal doses may have different effects on insect biology, that is, sublethal effects, which may contribute to the control. In addition, for insect disease vectors, sublethal doses could have negative effects on disease transmission. The study of sublethal effects in triatomines has focused primarily on the sequence of symptoms associated with nervous intoxication. However, the effects of sublethal doses on excretion, reproduction and morphology have also been studied. Rhodnius prolixus and T. infestans and pyrethroids insecticides were the triatomine species and insecticides, respectively, mainly studied. Insecticide resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon in which the insecticide acts as a selective force, concentrating on the insect population's pre-existing traits that confer resistance. This leads to a reduction in the susceptibility to the insecticide, which was previously effective in controlling this species. The evolution of resistance in triatomines received little attention before the 2000s, but after the detection of the first focus of resistance associated with chemical control failures in T. infestans from Argentina in 2002, the study of resistance increased remarkably. A significant number of works have studied the geographical distribution, the resistance mechanisms, the biological modifications associated with resistance, the environmental influences and the genetic of T. infestans resistant to pyrethroid insecticides. Currently, studies of insecticide resistance are gradually being extended to other areas and other species. The aim of this article was to review the knowledge on both phenomena (sublethal effects and insecticide resistance) in triatomines. For a better understanding of this article, some concepts and processes related to insect-insecticide interactions, individual and population toxicology and evolutionary biology are briefly reviewed. Finally, possible future lines of research in triatomine toxicology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Mougabure-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, Departamento Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA, UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Fronza
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad (IIIA, EHyS, UNSAM-CONICET), Universidad de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (CONICET-IEGEBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hamer GL, Fimbres-Macias JP, Juarez JG, Downs CH, Carbajal E, Melo M, Garza DY, Killets KC, Wilkerson GK, Carrera-Treviño R, Corona-Barrera E, Tello-Campa AA, Rojas-Mesta MR, Borden JH, Banfield MG, Hamer SA. Development of an operational trap for collection, killing, and preservation of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): the kissing bug kill trap. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae087. [PMID: 39024462 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance of triatomines or kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), the insect vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, a Chagas disease agent, is hindered by the lack of an effective trap. To develop a kissing bug trap, we made iterative improvements over 3 years on a basic design resulting in 7 trap prototypes deployed across field sites in Texas, United States and Northern Mexico, yielding the capture of 325 triatomines of 4 species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri [Stål], T. sanguisuga [LeConte], T. neotomae [Neiva], and T. rubida [Uhler]). We began in 2019 with vertical transparent tarpaulin panel traps illuminated with artificial light powered by AC current, which were successful in autonomous trapping of flying triatomines, but were expensive, labor-intensive, and fragile. In 2020, we switched to white LED lights powered by a solar cell. We tested a scaled-down version of the vertical panel traps, a commercial cross-vane trap, and a multiple-funnel trap. The multiple-funnel traps captured 2.6× more kissing bugs per trap-day than cross-vane traps and approached the performance of the vertical panel traps in number of triatomines captured, number of triatomines per trap-day and triatomines per arthropod bycatch. Multiple-funnel traps required the least labor, were more durable, and had the highest triatomines per day per cost. Propylene glycol in the collection cups effectively preserved captured triatomines allowing for molecular detection of T. cruzi. The trapping experiments established dispersal patterns for the captured species. We conclude that multiple-funnel traps with solar-powered LED lights should be considered for adoption as surveillance and potentially mass-trapping management tools for triatomines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Juan P Fimbres-Macias
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Christopher H Downs
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- BanfieldBio, Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Danya Y Garza
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Keswick C Killets
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Rogelio Carrera-Treviño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | - Enrique Corona-Barrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, México
| | - Arturo Arabied Tello-Campa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | - Martha Rocío Rojas-Mesta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | | | | | - Sarah A Hamer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira LC, Pereira NDS, Barbosa da Silva AN, Bezerra CDF, Sousa KMD, Fagundes Neto JC, Sampaio GHF, Brito CRDN, Souza RDCM, Galvão LMDC, Câmara ACJD, Nascimento MSL, Guedes PMM. Insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt ®) administered to Gallus gallus domesticus against triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:208. [PMID: 38720313 PMCID: PMC11080163 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatoma infestans, Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata and Rhodnius prolixus are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Chickens serve as an important blood food source for triatomines. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) administered to chickens against triatomines (R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata). METHODS Twelve non-breed chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were randomized based on weight into three groups: negative control (n = 4); a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4); two doses of 0.5 mg/kg fluralaner (Exzolt®) (n = 4). Nymphs of 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of R. prolixus, T. infestans, T. brasiliensis and T. pseudomaculata (all n = 10) were allowed to feed on chickens before treatment, and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 56 days after treatment, with insect mortality determined. RESULTS Treatment with two doses of fluralaner showed higher insecticidal efficacy against R. prolixus, T. infestans and T. brasiliensis compared to the single-dose treatment. Similar insecticidal efficacy was observed for T. pseudomaculata for one and two doses of fluralaner. Insecticidal activity of fluralaner (Exzolt®) against triatomine bugs was noted up to 21 and 28 days after treatment with one and two doses of fluralaner, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that treatment of chickens with fluralaner (Exzolt®) induces insecticidal activity against triatomines for up to 28 days post-treatment, suggesting its potential use as a control strategy for Chagas disease in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie de Sena Pereira
- Graduate Program in Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kivia Millana de Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gual-Gonzalez L, Medina M, Valverde-Castro C, Beltrán V, Caro R, Triana-Chávez O, Nolan MS, Cantillo-Barraza O. Laboratory Evaluation and Field Feasibility of Micro-Encapsulated Insecticide Effect on Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata Mortality in Rural Households in Boyacá, Colombia. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13111061. [PMID: 36421964 PMCID: PMC9697714 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected vector-borne zoonosis caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that is primarily transmitted by insects of the subfamily Triatominae. Although control efforts targeting domestic infestations of Rhodnius prolixus have been largely successful, with several regions in Boyacá department certified free of T. cruzi transmission by intradomicile R. prolixus, novel native species are emerging, increasing the risk of disease. Triatoma dimidiata is the second most important species in Colombia, and conventional control methods seem to be less effective. In this study we evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of micro-encapsulated insecticide paints in laboratory conditions and its applicability in rural communities to avoid triatomine domiciliation. Laboratory conditions measured mortality at 6 months and 12 months, with an average mortality between 93-100% for T. dimidiata and 100% for R. prolixus. Evaluation of triatomine infestation in rural households was measured after one year, with an overall perception of effectiveness in reducing household domiciliation. Although triatomines were still spotted inside and around the homes, our findings demonstrate the ability of micro-encapsulated insecticide to prevent colonization inside the households when comparing infestation rates from previous years. Current control measures suggest insecticide spraying every six months, which implies great economic cost and logistical effort. Complementary triatomine control measures with insecticide spraying and micro-encapsulated insecticide paint would make public health efforts more efficient and reduce the frequency of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gual-Gonzalez
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Manuel Medina
- Unidad de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Secretaría de Salud Boyacá, Tunja 150001, Colombia
| | - César Valverde-Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Tropical, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta 470003, Colombia
- Grupo Biología y Control Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Virgilio Beltrán
- Unidad de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Secretaría de Salud Boyacá, Tunja 150001, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Caro
- Unidad de Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Secretaría de Salud Boyacá, Tunja 150001, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo Biología y Control Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Penrice-Randal R, Hartley C, Beliavskaia A, Dong X, Brandner-Garrod L, Whitten M, Bell-Sakyi L. New Cell Lines Derived from Laboratory Colony Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, Do Not Harbour Triatoma Virus. INSECTS 2022; 13:906. [PMID: 36292854 PMCID: PMC9603895 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triatomine bugs of the genera Triatoma and Rhodnius are vectors of Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease of humans in South America caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Triatoma virus (TrV), a natural pathogen of Triatoma infestans, has been proposed as a possible tool for the bio-control of triatomine bugs, but research into this virus has been hampered by a lack of suitable host cells for in vitro propagation. Here we report establishment and partial characterisation of continuous cell lines from embryos of T. infestans (TIE/LULS54) and Rhodnius prolixus (RPE/LULS53 and RPE/LULS57). RNAseq screening by a sequence-independent, single primer amplification approach confirmed the absence of TrV and other RNA viruses known to infect R. prolixus, indicating that these new cell lines could be used for propagation of TrV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Penrice-Randal
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Alexandra Beliavskaia
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Luke Brandner-Garrod
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Miranda Whitten
- Swansea University Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ratnadass A, Martin T. Crop protection practices and risks associated with infectious tropical parasitic diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153633. [PMID: 35124028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two recent literature reviews have shown that: i) agroecological crop protection (ACP) practices generally reduce risks of viral zoonoses, unlike conventional (agrochemical-based) practices which tend to increase them; ii) substitution-based crop protection (CP) practices (mainly biocontrol-based) could result in fewer health risks from bacterial infectious diseases. Here, we present an analysis of the scientific literature to determine to what extent the conclusions regarding viruses or bacteria can be extended to infectious diseases caused by protozoan or helminthic parasites. This analysis of cases of both vector-transmitted and water- or food-borne parasitic diseases, shows, in terms of reduction of health risks: i) an overall negative effect arising from the use of synthetic plant protection products; ii) the relevance of substitution CP practices not strictly under the ACP banner. On the other hand, the public and veterinary health issue of antiparasitic resistance is not affected by CP practices. The positive effects at the large spatio-temporal scales of ACP approaches remain valid, although to a slightly lesser extent than for bacterial diseases and viral zoonoses, in particular through biodiversity conservation which fosters natural regulations and control, preventing the undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ratnadass
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France; HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Thibaud Martin
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Queiroga TBD, Gomez LCP, de Sena ER, Dos Santos WV, Ferreira HRP, de Araújo-Neto VT, Barbosa-Silva AN, Brito CRDN, Lima RKDR, Fagundes-Neto JC, Galvão LMDC, de Medeiros HR, da Câmara ACJ, Nascimento MSL, Gama RA, Guedes PMM. Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto ®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:456. [PMID: 34488865 PMCID: PMC8422713 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. METHODS Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30-40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. RESULTS Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Rodrigues de Sena
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Wilo Victor Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Vicente Toscano de Araújo-Neto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Andressa Noronha Barbosa-Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ramon do Nascimento Brito
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rocha de Medeiros
- Agricultural School of Jundiaí, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Macaíba, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Antônia Cláudia Jácome da Câmara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Renata Antonaci Gama
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaspe MS, Cardinal MV, Fernández MDP, Vassena CV, Santo-Orihuela PL, Enriquez GF, Alvedro A, Laiño MA, Nattero J, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Macchiaverna NP, Cecere MC, Freilij H, Gürtler RE. Improved vector control of Triatoma infestans limited by emerging pyrethroid resistance across an urban-to-rural gradient in the Argentine Chaco. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:437. [PMID: 34454569 PMCID: PMC8401064 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sustainable elimination of Triatoma infestans in the Gran Chaco region represents an enduring challenge. Following the limited effects of a routine pyrethroid insecticide spraying campaign conducted over 2011–2013 (first period) in Avia Terai, an endemic municipality with approximately 2300 houses, we implemented a rapid-impact intervention package to suppress house infestation across the urban-to-rural gradient over 2015–2019 (second period). Here, we assess their impacts and whether persisting infestations were associated with pyrethroid resistance. Methods The 2011–2013 campaign achieved a limited detection and spray coverage across settings (< 68%), more so during the surveillance phase. Following community mobilization and school-based interventions, the 2015–2019 program assessed baseline house infestation using a stratified sampling strategy; sprayed all rural houses with suspension concentrate beta-cypermethrin, and selectively sprayed infested and adjacent houses in urban and peri-urban settings; and monitored house infestation and performed selective treatments over the follow-up. Results Over the first period, house infestation returned to pre-intervention levels within 3–4 years. The adjusted relative odds of house infestation between 2011–2013 and 2015–2016 differed very little (adj. OR: 1.17, 95% CI 0.91–1.51). Over the second period, infestation decreased significantly between 0 and 1 year post-spraying (YPS) (adj. OR: 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.46), with heterogeneous effects across the gradient. Mean bug abundance also dropped between 0 and 1 YPS and thereafter remained stable in rural and peri-urban areas. Using multiple regression models, house infestation and bug abundance at 1 YPS were 3–4 times higher if the house had been infested before treatment, or was scored as high-risk or non-participating. No low-risk house was ever infested. Persistent foci over two successive surveys increased from 30.0 to 59.3% across the gradient. Infestation was more concentrated in peridomestic rather than domestic habitats. Discriminating-dose bioassays showed incipient or moderate pyrethroid resistance in 7% of 28 triatomine populations collected over 2015–2016 and in 83% of 52 post-spraying populations. Conclusions The intervention package was substantially more effective than the routine insecticide spraying campaign, though the effects were lower than predicted due to unexpected incipient or moderate pyrethroid resistance. Increased awareness and diagnosis of vector control failures in the Gran Chaco, including appropriate remedial actions, are greatly needed. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04942-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Sol Gaspe
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marta Victoria Cardinal
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Pilar Fernández
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Washington State University, Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Allen Center, 1155 College Ave., Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Claudia Viviana Vassena
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN, CONICET/UNIDEF/CITEDEF), Juan Bautista La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, CP 1603, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Luis Santo-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN, CONICET/UNIDEF/CITEDEF), Juan Bautista La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, CP 1603, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Fabián Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Alvedro
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Alberto Laiño
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Nattero
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Antonio Alvarado-Otegui
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paula Macchiaverna
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Carla Cecere
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor Freilij
- Servicio de Parasitología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación en Patologías Pediátricas, CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Esteban Gürtler
- Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Córdoba-Aguilar A. Chagas bugs and trypanosoma cruzi: Puppets and puppeteer? Acta Trop 2020; 211:105600. [PMID: 32592685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A widely accepted idea in parasite-host relationships is that the former manipulates the latter so that it increases its own success. In the case of complex life cycles, this means that the parasite is able to manipulate the first host which allows its transmission to the second host. In this paper, I formalize the idea that this may be the case for the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite and its vectors, bugs of the subfamily Triatominae. I discuss the sources of existing evidence and propose some types of manipulation. This manipulation could also occur in the second host, that is, a vertebrate. Here, I emphasize humans and domesticated animals. I also discuss how global change and insecticide resistance may drive the arms race between both, triatomines and T. cruzi, and host manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, México.
| |
Collapse
|