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Miao J, Wang HM, Pan XH, Gong Z, Gao XM, Gong FY. hFcγRIIa: a double-edged sword in osteoclastogenesis and bone balance in transgenic mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425670. [PMID: 39281679 PMCID: PMC11392756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease accompanied by local and systemic bone loss. FcγRs, especially FcγRIIa (hFcγRIIa), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. However, the contribution of hFcγRIIa to bone loss has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated the double-edged sword role of hFcγRIIa on osteoclast differentiation through investigations involving hFcγRIIa-transgenic (hFcγRIIa-Tg) mice. Our findings reveal that hFcγRIIa-Tg mice, previously shown to exhibit heightened susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), displayed increased osteoporosis during CIA or at advanced ages (40 weeks), accompanied by heightened in vivo osteoclast differentiation. Notably, bone marrow cells from hFcγRIIa-Tg mice exhibited enhanced efficiency in differentiating into osteoclasts and bone resorption in vitro compared to wild-type mice when stimulated with receptor activators of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Additionally, hFcγRIIa-Tg mice exhibited augmented sensitivity to RANKL-induced bone loss in vivo, highlighting the osteoclast-promoting role of hFcγRIIa. Mechanistically, bone marrow cells from hFcγRIIa-Tg mice displayed heightened Syk self-activation, leading to mTOR-pS6 pathway activation, thereby promoting RANKL-driven osteoclast differentiation. Intriguingly, while hFcγRIIa crosslinking hindered RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, it activated the kinase cAbl, subsequently triggering STAT5 activation and inhibiting the expression of osteoclast-associated genes. This study provides novel insights into hFcγRIIa-mediated osteoclast biology, suggesting promising therapeutic targets for managing bone remodeling disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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2
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Sghiri R, Ben Hassine H, Ghozzi M, El Amri N, Baccouche K, Sarraj R, Shakoor Z, Almogren A, Bouajina E. Autoantibodies Serum Level and 10-Year Risk of Fractures Evaluated by FRAX ® Tool in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Open Access Rheumatol 2024; 16:137-145. [PMID: 39045423 PMCID: PMC11265213 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s466625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose FRAX® is a tool used for evaluation of risk of fracture in RA and non-RA patients and to identify those eligible for intervention. One of the limitations of FRAX in RA settings is that it does not consider factors known to contribute to osteoporosis such as autoantibodies. This study analysed the association of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody (anti-MCV), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), IgA RF with 10-year risk of major osteoporosis and hip fracture. Methods FRAX® tool was used to estimate 10-year risk of major osteoporosis fracture and hip fracture in 189 RA patients over 40 years of age. Anti-MCV, anti-CCP, IgM RF and IgA RF were tested using enzyme immunoassay and analysed at different levels. Results were adjusted for various confounders including disease activity. Results Fifty-one (26.9%) RA patients had high (≥20%) 10-year risk of major osteoporosis fracture and 67 (35.4%) had high (>3%) 10-year risk of hip fracture. Among all the tested autoantibodies, only IgM RF at elevated levels was associated with high 10-year risk of major osteoporosis fracture (adjusted OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.5-11.3, p = 0.006) and of hip fracture (adjusted OR = 17.4, 95% CI = 3.7-81.3, p < 0.0001). There was no agreement between FRAX and femoral neck (FN) BMD. None of the autoantibodies tested were associated with FN osteopenia or osteoporosis including IgM RF at high levels. Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of quantitative measurement of autoantibodies in assessment of risk for fractures among RA patients. Our preliminary findings need to be assessed in prospective studies to determine the actual predictive value of high IgM RF levels among patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Sghiri
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mariam Ghozzi
- Immunology Laboratory, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nejla El Amri
- Department of Rheumatology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Rihab Sarraj
- Department of Rheumatology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Almogren
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elyes Bouajina
- Department of Rheumatology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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3
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Drapkina OM, Kontsevaya AV, Kalinina AM, Avdeev SN, Agaltsov MV, Alekseeva LI, Almazova II, Andreenko EY, Antipushina DN, Balanova YA, Berns SA, Budnevsky AV, Gainitdinova VV, Garanin AA, Gorbunov VM, Gorshkov AY, Grigorenko EA, Jonova BY, Drozdova LY, Druk IV, Eliashevich SO, Eliseev MS, Zharylkasynova GZ, Zabrovskaya SA, Imaeva AE, Kamilova UK, Kaprin AD, Kobalava ZD, Korsunsky DV, Kulikova OV, Kurekhyan AS, Kutishenko NP, Lavrenova EA, Lopatina MV, Lukina YV, Lukyanov MM, Lyusina EO, Mamedov MN, Mardanov BU, Mareev YV, Martsevich SY, Mitkovskaya NP, Myasnikov RP, Nebieridze DV, Orlov SA, Pereverzeva KG, Popovkina OE, Potievskaya VI, Skripnikova IA, Smirnova MI, Sooronbaev TM, Toroptsova NV, Khailova ZV, Khoronenko VE, Chashchin MG, Chernik TA, Shalnova SA, Shapovalova MM, Shepel RN, Sheptulina AF, Shishkova VN, Yuldashova RU, Yavelov IS, Yakushin SS. Comorbidity of patients with noncommunicable diseases in general practice. Eurasian guidelines. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2024; 23:3696. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2024-3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Создание руководства поддержано Советом по терапевтическим наукам отделения клинической медицины Российской академии наук.
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4
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Orsini F, Crotti C, Cincinelli G, Di Taranto R, Amati A, Ferrito M, Varenna M, Caporali R. Bone Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloartritis: An Updated Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1320. [PMID: 37887030 PMCID: PMC10604370 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Several rheumatologic diseases are primarily distinguished by their involvement of bone tissue, which not only serves as a mere target of the condition but often plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. This scenario is particularly prominent in chronic inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). Given the immunological and systemic nature of these diseases, in this review, we report an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying specific bone involvement, focusing on the complex interactions that occur between bone tissue's own cells and the molecular and cellular actors of the immune system, a recent and fascinating field of interest defined as osteoimmunology. Specifically, we comprehensively elaborate on the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of bone erosion seen in both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, as well as the characteristic process of aberrant bone formation observed in spondyloarthritis. Lastly, chronic inflammatory arthritis leads to systemic bone involvement, resulting in systemic bone loss and consequent osteoporosis, along with increased skeletal fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Cincinelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Taranto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Amati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Varenna
- Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporali
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy (A.A.)
- Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences, ASST G.Pini-CTO, 20122 Milan, Italy
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5
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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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6
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Ajeganova S, Andersson M, Forslind K, Gjertsson I, Nyhäll-Wåhlin BM, Svensson B, Hafström I. Long-term fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of early sustained DAS28-remission and restored function, progressive erosive disease, body mass index, autoantibody positivity and glucocorticoids. A cohort study over 10 years. BMC Rheumatol 2023; 7:23. [PMID: 37550762 PMCID: PMC10405460 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-023-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of fragility fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased. Disease-related inflammation in RA is associated with low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, effects of specific disease factors on fracture occurrence and whether or not such disease effects are independent of BMD are unknown. METHODS Analysis of fracture outcome in the prospective cohort of 2557 patients with early RA (67% women, mean age 58.1 ± 15.6 years) during an observation period of 10.6 ± 4.7 years. In 602 patients BMD was measured at baseline. The first major fragility fractures were considered. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for traditional factors, prior fracture, disease activity and period of inclusion, were used to estimate the risk of the outcome. RESULTS During follow-up fracture occurred in 352 patients (13.8%), a rate of 13/1000 p-y. A proportional risk reduction for the outcome was associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, and over the first two years sustained Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-remission, DAS28-low disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) ≤ 0.5. The proportional risk elevation for fractures was associated with BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2, DAS28 at baseline, 6-month and at 1-year, cumulative DAS28 over the two years, RF, erosion score progression at 2-year, HAQ score and HAQ ≥ 1 at 6-month and 1-year and showed a trend for ACPA positivity. The estimated fracture risk was increased in users of glucocorticoids (GC), associated with a higher GC-dosage at follow-ups and a higher cumulative dosage over two years, independently of disease activity. With adjustment for BMD, there was no difference in fracture outcome by exposure to GC. The effects of a higher BMI, DAS28-remission and low HAQ ≤ 0.5 attained at 6-month of treatment initiation and sustained up to 2 years, RF, ACPA, and erosion score progression at 2-year were independent of low BMD. CONCLUSIONS This analysis supports importance of RA-specific risk factors in early RA for future major fragility fractures. Treat-to-target strategy and restored functional capacity in early RA-disease are important to prevent fractures. Autoantibody positivity, progressively erosive disease, and low weight could have additional value for personalized fracture preventive strategies in early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ajeganova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Division, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, Jette, 1090, Belgium.
| | - Maria Andersson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Kristina Forslind
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Svensson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Triggianese P, Conigliaro P, De Martino E, Monosi B, Chimenti MS. Overview on the Link Between the Complement System and Auto-Immune Articular and Pulmonary Disease. Open Access Rheumatol 2023; 15:65-79. [PMID: 37214353 PMCID: PMC10198272 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s318826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system (CS) dysregulation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune diseases playing a central role in many immune innate and adaptive processes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by ta breach of self-tolerance leading to a synovitis and extra-articular manifestations. The CS is activated in RA and seems not only to mediate direct tissue damage but also play a role in the initiation of RA pathogenetic mechanisms through interactions with citrullinated proteins. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents the most common extra-articular manifestation that can lead to progressive fibrosis. In this review, we focused on the evidence of CS dysregulation in RA and in ILD, and highlighted the role of the CS in both the innate and adaptive immune responses in the development of diseases, by using idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as a model of lung disease. As a proof of concept, we dissected the evidence that several treatments used to treat RA and ILD such as glucocorticoids, pirfenidone, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, targeted biologics such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors, rituximab, tocilizumab, and nintedanib may act indirectly on the CS, suggesting that the CS might represent a potential therapeutic target in these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Triggianese
- Department of Systems Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conigliaro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Erica De Martino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Monosi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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8
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Gómez-Vaquero C, Hernández JL, Olmos JM, Cerdà D, Calleja CH, López JAM, Arboleya L, Del Rey FJA, Pardo SM, Vilamajó IR, Armangué XS, Grados D, Audera CB, Suero-Rosario E, Gracia IG, Chamizo AS, Martín-Esteve I, Florez H, Naranjo A, Castañeda S, Bruno SO, Carazo SG, Garcia-Vadillo A, Vives LL, Martínez-Ferrer À, Paños HB, Acín PA, Castellanos-Moreira R, Satorra P, Tebé C, Guañabens N. High incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. A case-control study. Bone 2023; 168:116654. [PMID: 36584785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze risk factors for fracture. METHODS Incidence of clinical fragility fractures in 330 postmenopausal women with RA was compared to that of a control population of 660 age-matched postmenopausal Spanish women. Clinical fractures during the previous five years were recorded. We analyzed associations with risk factors for fracture in both populations and with disease-related variables in RA patients. RESULTS Median age of RA patients was 64 years; median RA duration was eight years. Sixty-nine percent were in remission or on low activity. Eighty-five percent had received glucocorticoids (GCs); 85 %, methotrexate; and 40 %, ≥1 biologic DMARD. Fifty-four patients and 47 controls had ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Incidence of MOFs was 3.55 per 100 patient-year in patients and 0.72 in controls (HR: 2.6). Risk factors for MOFs in RA patients were age, previous fracture, parental hip fracture, years since menopause, BMD, erosions, disease activity and disability, and cumulative dose of GCs. Previous fracture in RA patients was a strong risk for MOFs (HR: 10.37). CONCLUSION Of every 100 postmenopausal Spanish women with RA, 3-4 have a MOF per year. This is more than double that of the general population. A previous fracture poses a high risk for a new fracture. Other classic risk factors for fracture, RA disease activity and disability, and the cumulative dose of GCs are associated with fracture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gómez-Vaquero
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Luis Hernández
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - José Manuel Olmos
- Depto. de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Dacia Cerdà
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Arboleya
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Surís Armangué
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Grados
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital d'Igualada, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena Florez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Naranjo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Princesa IIS-, IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Ojeda Bruno
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pilar Aguado Acín
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Castellanos-Moreira
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Satorra
- Biostatistics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Tebé
- Biostatistics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Guañabens
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Regulatory effects of autoantibody IgG on osteoclastogenesis. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109200. [PMID: 36435446 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is common in both systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and eventually leads to bone homeostasis disorders. However, RA patients generally have severe bone destruction, which is rare in SLE patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are important factors leading to bone destruction in RA. On the other hand, SLE patients present deposition of autoantibodies in the joints, which plays an important role in bone protection. These different phenomena occur because of the effects of the autoantibodies on the monocytes/macrophages during osteoclastogenesis, and the mechanisms underlying these effects differ between SLE and RA patients.
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10
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Kim Y, Kim GT. Positive Effects of Biologics on Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2023; 30:3-17. [PMID: 37476528 PMCID: PMC10351356 DOI: 10.4078/jrd.22.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder that causes vulnerability of bones to fracture owing to reduction in bone density and deterioration of the bone tissue microstructure. The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), than in those of the general population. In this autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease, in addition to known risk factors for osteoporosis, various factors such as chronic inflammation, autoantibodies, metabolic disorders, drugs, and decreased physical activity contribute to additional risk. In RA, disease-related inflammation plays an important role in local or systemic bone loss, and active treatment for inflammation can help prevent osteoporosis. In addition to conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that have been traditionally used for treatment of RA, biologic DMARDs and targeted synthetic DMARDs have been widely used. These agents can be employed more selectively and precisely based on disease pathogenesis. It has been reported that these drugs can inhibit bone loss by not only reducing inflammation in RA, but also by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation. In this review, the pathogenesis and research results of the increase in osteoporosis in RA are reviewed, and the effects of biological agents on osteoporosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Svensson B, Andersson MLE, Gjertsson I, Hafström I, Ajeganova S, Forslind K. Erosion-free rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and conceptional implications-a BARFOT study. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:88. [PMID: 36581910 PMCID: PMC9801569 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone erosions may appear early or later during rheumatoid arthritis (RA), causing joint damage and functional impairment. However, in some patients erosions do not occur, even after several years of disease. This study evaluates the prevalence, clinical relevance and possible predictors of erosion-free RA. METHODS Six hundred and eight patients from an early RA cohort (BARFOT) having radiographs of hands and feet at inclusion and after 1, 2, 5 and 8 years were studied. Clinical and functional assessments were performed on all these time-points. RESULTS In all, 144 patients (24%) did not develop erosions up to 8 years follow-up (Never erosive group), while 464 patients (76%) had erosions on one or more assessments (Ever erosive group). At diagnosis, the patients in the Never erosive group were significantly younger, satisfied fewer ACR criteria, and were less frequently RF- and/or anti-CCP- positive compared with those in the Ever erosive group. The Never erosive patients had consistently more tender joints, lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and, from two years and onwards, fewer swollen joints. Absence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anti-CCP were strong independent predictors for erosion-free disease. The erosion-free patients were less frequently treated with DMARDs and/or prednisolone. CONCLUSIONS One-quarter of the patients was erosion-free during eight years in this early RA cohort. Erosion-free patients had a less severe disease course as to disease activity and were more often seronegative compared with those with erosive disease. The results suggest that non-erosive RA represents a milder form of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Svensson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria L. E. Andersson
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingiäld Hafström
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Ajeganova
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Division, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristina Forslind
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
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12
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Hansen KE, Mortezavi M, Nagy E, Wang C, Connell CA, Radi Z, Litman HJ, Adami G, Rossini M. Fracture in clinical studies of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221142346. [PMID: 36601090 PMCID: PMC9806361 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221142346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical data suggest that tofacitinib would protect bone health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective To assess fracture risk in tofacitinib RA clinical trials. Design Post hoc analysis. Methods We analyzed pooled data of phase I/II/III and long-term extension studies ('P123LTE cohort'), pooled data of placebo-controlled portions of phase III studies (phase III placebo-controlled cohort), and data from ORAL Surveillance [phase IIIb/IV randomized, open-label trial evaluating tofacitinib 5/10 mg twice daily (BID) vs tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in patients ⩾ 50 years with ⩾ 1 additional cardiovascular risk factor]. Results In the phase III placebo-controlled cohort, incidence rates (IRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of fracture were 2.11 (1.09-3.68), 2.56 (1.23-4.71), and 4.43 (1.78-9.12) per 100 patient-years (PYs) for tofacitinib 5 mg BID, tofacitinib 10 mg BID, and placebo, respectively [tofacitinib 5 mg BID vs placebo: hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) = 0.55(0.18-1.65); tofacitinib 10 mg BID vs placebo: HR (95% CI) = 0.72 (0.26-2.01)]. In P123LTE, IRs (95% CI) were 2.62 (2.29-2.99) and 2.26 (2.02-2.52) per 100 PY for average tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID, respectively. In ORAL Surveillance, IRs (95% CI) were 2.79 (2.34-3.30), 2.87 (2.40-3.40), and 2.27 (1.87-2.74) per 100 PY for tofacitinib 5 mg BID, tofacitinib 10 mg BID, and TNFi, respectively. In ORAL Surveillance, the risk of fracture was numerically higher than TNFi for tofacitinib 5 mg BID [HR (95% CI) = 1.23 (0.96-1.58)] and tofacitinib 10 mg BID [HR (95% CI) = 1.26 (0.97-1.62)]. In ORAL Surveillance, independent predictors of all and osteoporotic fractures with tofacitinib or TNFi included age ⩾ 65, female sex, history of fracture/osteoporosis, and baseline oral corticosteroid use. Conclusion This post hoc analysis showed numerically lower fracture risk with tofacitinib versus placebo and numerically greater risk versus TNFi. We did not identify any tofacitinib-specific predictors of fractures, and predictors of fracture were generally aligned with prior literature in the general population and patients with RA. Patients with fracture risk factors should be adequately monitored and treated. Clinical trial registration NCT00960440, NCT00847613, NCT00814307, NCT00856544, NCT00853385, NCT01039688, NCT02187055, NCT02831855, NCT00413699, NCT00147498, NCT00413660, NCT00550446, NCT00603512, NCT00687193, NCT00661661, NCT01164579, NCT00976599, NCT01059864, NCT01359150, NCT01262118, NCT01484561, NCT02281552, NCT02147587, NCT02092467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Hansen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Adami
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Correlation between anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin and bone turnover markers (CTX-1 and P1NP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission and low-disease activity. Reumatologia 2022; 60:252-257. [PMID: 36186833 PMCID: PMC9494793 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2022.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with bone loss and the risk of osteoporotic fracture. Bone loss in this disease is mediated by inflammation and autoimmunity. Many studies have shown that anti-citrullinated protein antibody is capable of inducing bone loss through several mechanisms.This study aimed to determine the relationship between autoimmunity, represented by anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) in this study, and bone loss, represented by C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), and N-terminal pro-peptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) in this study, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission and low disease activity. Material and methods This study enrolled 38 rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease remission and low disease activity in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between August and September 2019. We collected the patients' demographic data, Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), and treatment history. All participants underwent blood work for anti-MCV, CTX-1, and P1NP. Results Thirty-four of the subjects were women (89.5%), with the mean age of 40 ±7.6 years and the median disease duration of 36 months. Among the subjects, 26 patients (68.4%) were anti-MCV positive. There was no correlation between anti-MCV and CTX-1 levels (r = 0.101, p = 0.274). There was a moderate negative correlation between anti-MCV and P1NP (r = -0.449, p = 0.001). The mean difference of P1NP according to anti-MCV level also showed a significant difference (p = 0.019). Conclusions The anti-MCV levels are not directly correlated with CTX-1 levels, indicating heterogeneity in the disease course even after inflammation has ceased. The anti-MCV and P1NP levels are moderately correlated, indicating that bone formation is resumed during the suppression of autoimmunity.
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Sakthiswary R, Uma Veshaaliini R, Chin KY, Das S, Sirasanagandla SR. Pathomechanisms of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:962969. [PMID: 36059831 PMCID: PMC9428319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.962969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, in which the inflammatory processes involve the skeletal system and there is marked destruction of the bones and the surrounding structures. In this review, we discuss the current concepts of osteoimmunology in RA, which represent the molecular crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems, resulting in the disruption of bone remodeling. Bone loss in RA can be focal or generalized, leading to secondary osteoporosis. We have summarized the recent studies of bone loss in RA, which focused on the molecular aspects, such as cytokines, autoantibodies, receptor activator of nuclear kappa-β ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Apart from the above molecules, the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), which is a potential key mediator in this process through the generation of the Th17 cells, is discussed. Hence, this review highlights the key insights into molecular mechanisms of bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalingham Sakthiswary
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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15
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Mechanisms of Systemic Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158740. [PMID: 35955873 PMCID: PMC9368786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is characterized by the presence of symmetric polyarthritis predominantly of the small joints that leads to severe cartilage and bone destruction. Based on animal and human data, the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, a frequent comorbidity in conjunction with RA, was delineated. Autoimmune inflammatory processes, which lead to a systemic upregulation of inflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokines, the production of autoantibodies, and Th cell senescence with a presumed disability to control the systemic immune system's and osteoclastogenic status, may play important roles in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in RA. Consequently, osteoclast activity increases, osteoblast function decreases and bone metabolic and mechanical properties deteriorate. Although a number of disease-modifying drugs to treat joint inflammation are available, data on the ability of these drugs to prevent fragility fractures are limited. Thus, specific treatment of osteoporosis should be considered in patients with RA and an associated increased risk of fragility fractures.
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16
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Personalized Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Osteoporosis in Patients with Autoantibody-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092341. [PMID: 35566466 PMCID: PMC9104810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and fragility fractures still represent a major source of morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, despite adequate control of the disease. An increasing number of clinical and experimental evidence supports the role of autoantibodies, especially anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), in causing localized and generalised bone loss in ways that are both dependent on and independent of inflammation and disease activity. The human receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B and its ligand—the so-called RANK-RANKL pathway—is known to play a key role in promoting osteoclasts’ activation and bone depletion, and RANKL levels were shown to be higher in ACPA-positive early untreated RA patients. Thus, ACPA-positivity can be considered a specific risk factor for systemic and periarticular bone loss. Through the inhibition of the RANK-RANKL system, denosumab is the only antiresorptive drug currently available that exhibits both a systemic anti-osteoporotic activity and a disease-modifying effect when combined with conventional synthetic or biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Thus, the combination of DMARD and anti-RANKL therapy could be beneficial in the prevention of fragility fractures and structural damage in the subset of RA patients at risk of radiographic progression, as in the presence of ACPAs.
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17
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Maronek M, Gardlik R. The Citrullination-Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Axis in Chronic Diseases. J Innate Immun 2022; 14:393-417. [PMID: 35263752 PMCID: PMC9485962 DOI: 10.1159/000522331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination of proteins is crucial for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) − strands of nuclear DNA expulsed in the extracellular environment along with antimicrobial proteins in order to halt the spread of pathogens. Paradoxically, NETs may be immunogenic and contribute to inflammation. It is known that for the externalization of DNA, a group of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) is required. Current research often looks at citrullination, NET formation, PAD overexpression, and extracellular DNA (ecDNA) accumulation in chronic diseases as separate events. In contrast, we propose that citrullination can be viewed as the primary mechanism of autoimmunity, for instance by the formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) but also as a process contributing to chronic inflammation. Therefore, citrullination could be at the center, connecting and impacting multiple inflammatory diseases in which ACPAs, NETs, or ecDNA have already been documented. In this review, we aimed to highlight the importance of citrullination in the etiopathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases and to explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of the citrullination-NET axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maronek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Gardlik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Xu T, Yan T, Li F, Li B, Li P. The Role of Different Circulating T Follicular Helper Cell Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:108-117. [PMID: 35298288 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic incurable inflammatory autoimmune disease. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing different markers play critical roles in the development of RA. However, their specific mechanisms of action and association with RA clinical parameters are not clear. We therefore performed a cohort study to investigate the effects of different Tfh cell markers on RA pathogenesis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 30 patients diagnosed with RA and 30 healthy controls (HCs) who visited our hospital. Based on X-ray findings, the patients were divided into a joint bone erosion group (n = 17) and a non-erosive joint bone group (n = 13). Using flow cytometry, we determined the frequencies of five peripheral blood CD4+ Tfh cell types characterized by different markers, and examined these cell types for correlations with clinical parameters. RA patients exhibited higher frequencies of CD4+CXCR5+, CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+, CD4+CXCR5+OX40+, and CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cells than HCs. CD4+CXCR5+, CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+, and CD4+CXCR5+OX40+ Tfh cell frequencies positively correlated with disease activity score-28 with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), while those of CD4+CXCR5+ and CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cells were related to rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies. In RA patients without joint bone erosion, CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cell frequencies were positively correlated with both RF and DAS28-ESR. Serum anti-CCP antibody levels and CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh cell frequencies were also positively correlated. Circulating CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cells appear to play critical roles in RA pathogenesis, and restricting CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cells may be a therapeutic strategy for controlling RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Public Laboratory Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fuqiu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingtong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Inflammation is among the major determinants of bone loss in chronic disease and aging. Bone metabolism is radically affected by inflammation with consequent bone loss and increased fracture risk. Various cytokines and mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss in inflammatory conditions. The present review has the aim of discussing the main pathways involved in the pathogenesis of bone loss in inflammatory diseases, focusing in particular on the Wnt system and its regulators. Literature review of studies published between inception to 2021 on osteoporosis and inflammation was conducted. I will discuss the epidemiology of osteoporosis and fractures in common inflammatory diseases. The molecular basis of bone loss related to inflammation will be discussed as well. Finally, the effects of various anti-inflammatory medications on bone metabolism will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Adami
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Pz Scuro 10, Verona, Italy.
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20
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Sokolova MV, Schett G, Steffen U. Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Historical Background and Novel Findings. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:138-151. [PMID: 34495490 PMCID: PMC9464122 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies represent a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) being the most acknowledged ones. RA patients who are positive for RF and/or ACPA ("seropositive") in general display a different etiology and disease course compared to so-called "seronegative" patients. Still, the seronegative patient population is very heterogeneous and not well characterized. Due to the identification of new autoantibodies and advancements in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases in the last years, the group of seronegative patients is constantly shrinking. Aside from antibodies towards various post-translational modifications, recent studies describe autoantibodies targeting some native proteins, further broadening the spectrum of recognized antigens. Next to the detection of new autoantibody groups, much research has been done to answer the question if and how autoantibodies contribute to the pathogenesis of RA. Since autoantibodies can be detected years prior to RA onset, it is a matter of debate whether their presence alone is sufficient to trigger the disease. Nevertheless, there is gathering evidence of direct autoantibody effector functions, such as stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and synovial fibroblast migration in in vitro experiments. In addition, autoantibody positive patients display a worse clinical course and stronger radiographic progression. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding different autoantibody types, the underlying disease-driving mechanisms, the role of Fab and Fc glycosylation and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Sokolova
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitätstrasse 25a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany ,Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitätstrasse 25a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany ,Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitätstrasse 25a, 91054 Erlangen, Germany ,Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Wu H, Cheng K, Guo Q, Yang W, Tong L, Wang Y, Sun Z. Mapping Knowledge Structure and Themes Trends of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:787228. [PMID: 34888333 PMCID: PMC8650090 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.787228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disabling disease characterized by chronic inflammation, articular cartilage destruction, and reduced bone mass. Multiple studies have revealed that the development of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA; ORA) patients could be led to a reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Nevertheless, no attempt has been made to analyze the field of ORA research with the bibliometric method. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge structure and theme trends in the field of ORA research from a bibliometric perspective. Methods: Articles and reviews regarding ORA from 1998 to 2021 were identified from the Web of Science database. An online bibliometric platform, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software were used to generate visualization knowledge maps including co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis. SPSS, R, and Microsoft Excel software were used to conduct curve fitting and correlation analysis, and to analyze quantitative indicators, such as publication and citation counts, h-index, and journal citation reports. Results: A total of 1,081 papers with 28,473 citations were identified. Publications were mainly concentrated in North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Asia. Economic strength is an important factor affecting scientific output. The United States contributed the most publications (213) with the highest h-index value (46) as of September 14, 2021. Diakonhjemmet Hospital and professor Haugeberg G were the most prolific institution and influential authors, respectively. Journal of Rheumatology was the most productive journal concerning ORA research. According to the burst references, “anti-citrullinated protein antibodies” and “preventing joint destruction” have been recognized as the hot research issues in the domain. The keywords co-occurrence analysis identified “teriparatide,” “interleukin-6,” “Wnt,” and “vertebral fractures” as the important future research directions. Conclusion: This was the first bibliometric study comprehensively summarizing the trends and development of ORA research. Our findings could offer practical sources for scholars to understand the key information in this field, and identify the potential research frontiers and hot directions in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kunming Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linjian Tong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiming Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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The Genetic, Environmental, and Immunopathological Complexity of Autoantibody-Negative Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212386. [PMID: 34830268 PMCID: PMC8618508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in clinical presentation, response to treatment, and long-term outcomes between autoantibody-positive and -negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) highlight the need for a better comprehension of the immunopathogenic events underlying the two disease subtypes. Whilst the drivers and perpetuators of autoimmunity in autoantibody-positive RA have started to be disclosed, autoantibody-negative RA remains puzzling, also due its wide phenotypic heterogeneity and its possible misdiagnosis. Genetic susceptibility appears to mostly rely on class I HLA genes and a number of yet unidentified non-HLA loci. On the background of such variable genetic predisposition, multiple exogeneous, endogenous, and stochastic factors, some of which are not shared with autoantibody-positive RA, contribute to the onset of the inflammatory cascade. In a proportion of the patients, the immunopathology of synovitis, at least in the initial stages, appears largely myeloid driven, with abundant production of proinflammatory cytokines and only minor involvement of cells of the adaptive immune system. Better understanding of the complexity of autoantibody-negative RA is still needed in order to open new avenues for targeted intervention and improve clinical outcomes.
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BAFF, involved in B cell activation through the NF-κB pathway, is related to disease activity and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1665-1675. [PMID: 33483588 PMCID: PMC8463593 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor of TNF family (BAFF) is a member of TNF ligand superfamily and plays a key role in B cell homeostasis, proliferation, maturation, and survival. In this study, we detected BAFF level, the expressions of BAFF receptors and important molecules in NF-κB pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and analyzed the correlation between BAFF level and clinical variables, laboratory parameters or X-ray scores in order to elucidate the roles of BAFF in RA. A total of 50 RA patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We showed that the serum BAFF level in RA patients was significantly higher than that of HCs, and the percentages of B cell subsets (CD19+ B cells, CD19+CD27+ B cells, CD19+CD20+CD27+ B cells, and CD19+CD20-CD27+ B cells) in the serum of RA patients were significantly increased compared with those of HCs. The percentages of CD19+BAFFR+ B cells, CD19+ BCMA+ B cells, and CD19+ TACI+ B cells in RA patients were significantly increased compared with those in HCs. The expression of important molecules in the NF-κB pathway (MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, p-P65, TRAF2, and p52) was significantly higher in RA patients than in HCs, but p100 level in RA patients was lower than that in HCs. The serum BAFF level was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, disease activity score (in 28 joints), swollen joint counts, tender joint counts, and X-ray scores. When normal B cells were treated with BAFF in vitro, the percentages of the B cell subset and the expression of BAFF receptors were significantly upregulated. BAFF also promoted the expression of MKK3, MKK6, p-P38, p-P65, TRAF2, and p52. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BAFF level is correlated with the disease activity and bone destruction of RA. BAFF is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and activation of B cells in RA through NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that BAFF might be an ideal therapeutic target for RA.
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IgA rheumatoid factor is associated with bone mineral density preservation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4879-4887. [PMID: 34282512 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoantibodies such as IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated proteins/peptides antibodies (ACPA) have previously been incriminated in systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are, however, no data describing association of IgA RF and IgG RF with systemic bone loss. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the association of RF isotypes with systemic bone loss among patients with RA. METHODS RF isotypes and ACPA were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay among 153 patients with RA. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Ninety-four (61.4%) patients had positive IgA RF, 89 (58.2%) had positive IgG RF, 109 (71.2%) had positive IgM RF, whereas 122 (80.3%) RA patients tested positive for ACPA. Compared to the IgA RF-negative patients, IgA RF-positive patients exhibited higher disease activity and had higher RF titers. Seven (4.6%) patients had low BMD at femoral neck, 12 (7.8%) at total femur, and 47 (30.7%) at lumbar spine. IgA RF was found to be associated with protection against low BMD at spine (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.23-0.95, p = 0.034). This association was further confirmed in the multivariate regression analysis taking into account several potential confounding factors (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.65, p = 0.039). No association between low BMD and the presence of IgG RF or IgM RF or ACPA was found. CONCLUSION IgA RF for the first time ever was shown to be associated with BMD preservation at spine in RA. Key points • IgA RF was associated with protection against low spinal BMD. • No association between low BMD and the presence of IgG RF or IgM RF was found.
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Guañabens N, Olmos JM, Hernández JL, Cerdà D, Hidalgo Calleja C, Martinez López JA, Arboleya L, Aguilar Del Rey FJ, Martinez Pardo S, Ros Vilamajó I, Suris Armangué X, Grados D, Beltrán Audera C, Suero-Rosario E, Gómez Gracia I, Salmoral Chamizo A, Martín-Esteve I, Florez H, Naranjo A, Castañeda S, Ojeda Bruno S, García Carazo S, García Vadillo A, López Vives L, Martínez-Ferrer À, Borrell Paños H, Aguado Acín P, Castellanos-Moreira R, Tebé C, Gómez-Vaquero C. Vertebral fractures are increased in rheumatoid arthritis despite recent therapeutic advances: a case-control study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1333-1342. [PMID: 33459805 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal RA women were assessed in 323 patients and compared with 660 age-matched women. Of patients, 24.15% had at least one vertebral fracture vs.16.06% of controls. Age, glucocorticoids and falls were the main fracture risks. Vertebral fractures were associated with disease severity. INTRODUCTION There is little quality data on the updated prevalence of fractures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that may have changed due to advances in the therapeutic strategy in recent years. This study was aimed at analysing the prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with RA and comparing it with that of the general population. METHODS We included 323 postmenopausal women diagnosed with RA from 19 Spanish Rheumatology Departments, randomly selected and recruited in 2018. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine were obtained to evaluate morphometric vertebral fractures and the spinal deformity index. We analysed subject characteristics, factors related to RA, and fracture risk factors. The control group consisted of 660 age-matched Spanish postmenopausal women from the population-based Camargo cohort. RESULTS Seventy-eight (24.15%) RA patients had at least one vertebral fracture. RA patients had increased fracture risk compared with controls (106 of 660, 16.06%) (p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.27-4.00), glucocorticoids (OR 3.83; 95% CI 1.32-14.09) and falls (OR 3.57; 95% CI 1.91-6.86) were the independent predictors of vertebral fractures in RA patients. The subgroup with vertebral fractures had higher disease activity (DAS28: 3.15 vs. 2.78, p = 0.038) and disability (HAQ: 0.96 vs. 0.63, p = 0.049), as compared with those without vertebral fractures. CONCLUSION The risk of vertebral fracture in RA is still high in recent years, when compared with the general population. The key determinants of fracture risk are age, glucocorticoids and falls. Patients with vertebral fractures have a more severe RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guañabens
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J M Olmos
- Departament of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J L Hernández
- Departament of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - D Cerdà
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Hidalgo Calleja
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Martinez López
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Arboleya
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - F J Aguilar Del Rey
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - S Martinez Pardo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Ros Vilamajó
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - X Suris Armangué
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Grados
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital d'Igualada, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Beltrán Audera
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Suero-Rosario
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Mateu Orfila, Maó, Spain
| | - I Gómez Gracia
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - A Salmoral Chamizo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Martín-Esteve
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Mateu Orfila, Maó, Spain
| | - H Florez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Naranjo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - S Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Ojeda Bruno
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - S García Carazo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A García Vadillo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - L López Vives
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Sant Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
| | - À Martínez-Ferrer
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - H Borrell Paños
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Sant Rafael, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Aguado Acín
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Castellanos-Moreira
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Tebé
- Biostatistics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gómez-Vaquero
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Bugatti S, Bogliolo L, Manzo A, De Stefano L, Delvino P, Motta F, Montecucco C. Impact of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies on Progressive Systemic Bone Mineral Density Loss in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis After Two Years of Treat-to-Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701922. [PMID: 34194443 PMCID: PMC8236980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) with changes in systemic bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after two years of treat-to-target. Methods BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) in 100 patients with recent onset RA at baseline and after 24 months of treatment aimed at low disease activity (LDA) according to the 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28 <3.2). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine independent associations between autoantibodies and other disease and treatment-related parameters with BMD loss. Results After 24 months, the majority of the patients were at least in LDA (78%), with slightly more ACPA-positive subjects achieving the target. The BMD had significantly decreased at both the LS (mean [SD] percent loss -1.8 [6.2], p=0.03) and the FN (-2.4 [7.3], p=0.03) in ACPA-positive but not in ACPA-negative patients. Consequently, the proportion of patients with reduced BMD (Z score ≤-1) after 24 months was significantly higher among ACPA-positive patients at both the spine (39.5% vs 19.3%, p=0.05) and the hip (37.2% vs 12.2%, p=0.007). The association between ACPA and BMD loss was independent of other variables including age, gender, disease activity, cumulative dose of glucocorticoids and duration of therapy with bisphosphonates at the LS but not the FN. Conclusions ACPA are associated with ongoing BMD loss at the spine despite suppression of inflammation and adoption of prophylactic measures. ACPA-positive RA patients should be therefore strictly monitored for the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bugatti
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Bogliolo
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Manzo
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovico De Stefano
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Delvino
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlomaurizio Montecucco
- Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Watanabe R, Hashimoto M, Murata K, Murakami K, Tanaka M, Ohmura K, Ito H, Matsuda S. Prevalence and predictive factors of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA cohort. Immunol Med 2021; 45:35-44. [PMID: 34033729 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2021.1928383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) is a multifactorial condition in which disease activity of RA persists despite consecutive treatment with biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). To evaluate the prevalence and predictive risk factors of D2T RA in our institution, a single-center, retrospective study was conducted. Medical records of RA patients, who visited our hospital from 2011 to 2020 and had a follow-up of more than 6 months, were retrospectively reviewed. D2T RA was defined as RA with a disease activity score of 28 - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) of 3.2 or higher at the last visit, despite the use of at least two b/tsDMARDs. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors. A total of 672 patients were enrolled. The mean age at disease onset was 52.1 years and females were dominant (76.3%). After a mean follow-up of 46.6 months, patients with D2T RA accounted for 7.9% of overall patients. Multivariate analysis identified high rheumatoid factor (RF) levels (≥156.4 IU/mL, odds ratio [OR]: 1.95), DAS28-ESR (OR: 1.24), and coexisting pulmonary disease (OR: 2.03) as predictive risk factors of D2T RA. In conclusion, high RF levels, high DAS28-ESR, and coexisting pulmonary disease at baseline can predict the development of D2T RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Rönnelid J, Turesson C, Kastbom A. Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis - Laboratory and Clinical Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685312. [PMID: 34054878 PMCID: PMC8161594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of two groups of autoantibodies, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) have gained increasing significance in the diagnosis and classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over the last 65 years. Despite this rising importance of autoimmune serology in RA, there is a palpable lack of harmonization between different commercial RF and ACPA tests. While a minimal diagnostic specificity has been defined for RF tests, which almost always are related to an international reference preparation, neither of this applies to ACPA. Especially assays with low diagnostic specificity are associated with very low positive predictive values or post-test probabilities in real world settings. In this review we focus on issues of practical bearing for the clinical physician diagnosing patients who potentially have RA, or treating patients diagnosed with RA. We advocate that all clinically used assays for RF and ACPA should be aligned to a common diagnostic specificity of 98-99% compared to healthy controls. This high and rather narrow interval corresponds to the diagnostic specificity seen for many commercial ACPA tests, and represents a specificity that is higher than what is customary for most RF assays. Data on antibody occurrence harmonized in this way should be accompanied by test result-specific likelihood ratios for the target diagnosis RA on an ordinal or interval scale, which will provide the clinical physician with more granular and richer information than merely relating numerical values to a single cut-off point. As many physicians today are used to evaluate autoantibodies as positive or negative on a nominal scale, the introduction of test result-specific likelihood ratios will require a change in clinical mindset. We also discuss the use of autoantibodies to prognosticate future arthritis development in at-risk patients as well as predict severe disease course and outcome of pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Department of Rheumatology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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29
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Amkreutz JAMP, de Moel EC, Theander L, Willim M, Heimans L, Nilsson JÅ, Karlsson MK, Huizinga TWJ, Åkesson KE, Jacobsson LTH, Allaart CF, Turesson C, van der Woude D. Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Autoantibodies in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:921-930. [PMID: 33314699 PMCID: PMC8251600 DOI: 10.1002/art.41623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Autoantibodies, such as anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), have been described as inducing bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can also be reflected by bone mineral density (BMD). We therefore examined the association between osteoporosis and autoantibodies in two independent RA cohorts. Methods Dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and left hip was performed in 408 Dutch patients with early RA during 5 years of follow‐up and in 198 Swedish patients with early RA during 10 years of follow‐up. The longitudinal effect of ACPAs and other autoantibodies on several BMD measures was assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results In the Dutch cohort, significantly lower BMD at baseline was observed in ACPA‐positive patients compared to ACPA‐negative patients, with an estimated marginal mean BMD in the left hip of 0.92 g/cm2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.91–0.93) versus 0.95 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.93–0.97) (P = 0.01). In line with this, significantly lower Z scores at baseline were noted in the ACPA‐positive group compared to the ACPA‐negative group (estimated marginal mean Z score in the left hip of 0.18 [95% CI 0.08–0.29] versus 0.48 [95% CI 0.33–0.63]) (P < 0.01). However, despite clear differences at baseline, ACPA positivity was not associated with greater decrease in absolute BMD or Z scores over time. Furthermore, there was no association between BMD and higher levels of ACPAs or other autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti–carbamylated protein antibodies). In the Swedish cohort, ACPA‐positive patients tended to have a higher prevalence of osteopenia at baseline (P = 0.04), but again, ACPA positivity was not associated with an increased prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis over time. Conclusion The presence of ACPAs is associated with significantly lower BMD at baseline, but not with greater BMD loss over time in treated RA patients. These results suggest that ACPAs alone do not appear to contribute to bone loss after disease onset when disease activity is well‐managed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma C de Moel
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Minna Willim
- Skåne University Hospital and Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotte Heimans
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carl Turesson
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased risk for osteoporotic fracture. We highlight RA-specific risk factors for bone mineral density (BMD) loss and fractures and considerations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with RA. RECENT FINDINGS Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity, although associated with low BMD in early RA, is not associated with accelerated BMD loss over time when compared to ACPA negative individuals. Studies have found reduced BMD in individuals on low doses of glucocorticoids (GCs). Poor functional status and frailty are additional important risk factors for low BMD and fractures. Heightened fracture risk in RA may be mitigated by tight disease control, and biologic therapies are associated with more stable BMD compared to nonbiologic therapies. Evidence-based guidelines specific for treating osteoporosis in patients with RA do not exist. Thus, treatment decisions are based on general osteoporosis guidelines, taking into account additional RA-specific risk factors. SUMMARY Recent studies have advanced knowledge of RA-specific risk factors for BMD loss and fractures. Future studies applying these findings to modify established fracture risk algorithms as well as evaluating osteoporosis treatments in RA cohorts are needed to reduce the risk of disabling fractures in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Wysham
- Rheumatology Section, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joshua F Baker
- Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dolores M Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, SFVAMC, UCSF, UCSF Training Program in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, San Francisco, California, USA
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Peris P, Monegal A, Guañabens N. Bisphosphonates in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Bone 2021; 146:115887. [PMID: 33592328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The main well recognized action of bisphosphonates (BPs) is their antiresorptive capacity, making them first-line drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. In this review we have compiled other possible actions of BPs, particularly in the areas of immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory capacity and in the prevention of structural joint damage in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The immunomodulatory capacity of BPs has been focused on the mechanisms involved in the acute-phase response associated with the administration of nitrogen containing BPs (N-BPs), with the stimulus of pro-inflammatory cytokines, through the mevalonate pathway, activation of T-cells and the decrease in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). In relation to their anti-inflammatory capacity, special attention has been given to their effect on preventing structural damage in inflammatory joint diseases and on the differential immune response in bone lesions of the most common and representative inflammatory rheumatic diseases, i.e. rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathies. The present data indicate that more studies are needed to improve the knowledge on the effect of BPs on inflammatory-mediated diseases and particularly on the prevention and/or treatment of the structural damage in these disorders, since these agents could be a potential useful concomitant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Peris
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monegal
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Guañabens
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hosseinikhah SM, Barani M, Rahdar A, Madry H, Arshad R, Mohammadzadeh V, Cucchiarini M. Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3092. [PMID: 33803502 PMCID: PMC8002885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common complex multifactorial joint-associated autoimmune inflammatory disorder. RA is characterized by an inflammation of the synovium with increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and by the destruction of the articular cartilage and bone, and it is associated with the development of cardiovascular disorders such as heart attack and stroke. While a number of imaging tools allow for the monitoring and diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis, and despite ongoing work to enhance their sensitivity and precision, the proper assessment of RA remains difficult particularly in the early stages of the disease. Our goal here is to describe the benefits of applying various nanomaterials as next-generation RA imaging and detection tools using contrast agents and nanosensors and as improved drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Maryam Hosseinikhah
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran;
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 761691411, Iran;
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-9861, Iran
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Vahideh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran;
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;
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Bruno D, Fedele AL, Tolusso B, Barini A, Petricca L, Di Mario C, Barini A, Mirone L, Ferraccioli G, Alivernini S, Gremese E. Systemic Bone Density at Disease Onset Is Associated With Joint Erosion Progression in Early Naive to Treatment Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective 12-Month Follow-Up Open-Label Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:613889. [PMID: 33732715 PMCID: PMC7959810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.613889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Osteoporosis and bone erosions are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since disease onset is underpinned by the inflammatory burden. In this observational study, we aimed to dissect the putative RA-related parameters and bone-derived biomarkers associated with systemic and focal bone loss at disease onset and with their progression. Methods: One-hundred twenty-eight patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) were recruited at disease onset. At study entry, demographic, clinical, and immunological parameters were recorded. Each ERA patient underwent plain X-rays of the hands and feet at study entry and after 12 months to assess the presence of erosions. After enrollment, each patient was treated according to the recommendations for RA management and followed up based on a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy. At baseline, blood samples for soluble biomarkers were collected from each patient, and plasma levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy-one ERA patients underwent bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at the left femoral neck and second to fourth lumbar spine vertebrae (L2–L4) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Among the whole cohort, 34 (26.6%) ERA patients with bone erosions at study entry had a higher disease activity (p = 0.02) and IL-6 plasma levels (p = 0.03) than non-erosive ones. Moreover, at DXA, 33 (46.5%) ERA patients had osteopenia, and 16 (22.5%) had osteoporosis; patients with baseline bone erosions were more likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than non-erosive ones (p = 0.03), regardless of OPG, RANKL, and DKK1 plasma levels. Obese ERA patients were less likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than normal weight ones (p = 0.002), whereas anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positive ERA patients were more likely osteopenic/osteoporotic than ACPA negative ones (p = 0.034). At logistic regression analysis, baseline Disease Activity Score measured on 44 joints (DAS44) [OR: 2.46 (1.11–5.44)] and osteopenic/osteoporosis status [OR: 7.13 (1.27–39.94)] arose as independent factors of erosiveness. Baseline osteopenic/osteoporotic status and ACPA positivity were associated with bone damage progression during the follow-up. Conclusions: Bone erosions presence is associated with systemic bone loss since the earliest phases of RA, suggesting that the inflammatory burden and autoimmune biology, underpinning RA, represent crucial enhancers of bone remodeling either locally as at systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bruno
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Fedele
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelina Barini
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Barini
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mirone
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Yan X, Xu Z, Li S, Yan L, Lyu G, Wang Z. Establishment and verification of an osteoporosis risk model in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a valuable new model. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:3. [PMID: 33394305 PMCID: PMC7782444 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To establish a model for osteoporosis risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and validate the model. A newly generated predictive model has been suggested to have good differentiation, calibration, and clinical validity and may be a useful clinical model for predicting osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PURPOSE To establish a prediction model for osteoporosis risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and validate the model internally and externally. METHODS A total of 270 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent bone mineral density measurement at our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their entry time: a training set containing the first 2/3 of the patients (n = 180) and a validation set containing the remaining 1/3 of the patients (n = 90). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the regression models, and the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the prediction model. RESULTS Five variables, including age (X1), course of disease (X2), the disease activity score using 28 joint counts (DAS28) (X4), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP) (X7), and 7-joint ultrasonic bone erosion (X14), were selected to enter the model. The prediction model is Logit Y = - 12.647 + 0.133X1 + 0.011X2 + 0.754X4 + 0.001X7 + 0.605X14. The model had good differentiation; the C-index in the internal verification was 0.947 (95% CI is 0.932-0.977) and the C-index in the external verification was 0.946 (95% CI is 0.940-0.994). The calibration plot of the model showed excellent consistency between the prediction probability and actual probability. When > 0.483 was taken as the cutoff value for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and Jordan index of the model were 90.24%, 87.76%, 7.37, 0.11, and 78.00%, respectively. CONCLUSION A newly generated predictive model has been suggested to have good differentiation, calibration, and clinical validity and may be a useful clinical model for predicting osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Zhenhong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Shilin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Lisheng Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Guorong Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China ,Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, 362000 China
| | - Zecheng Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000 China
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Bone phenotypes in rheumatology - there is more to bone than just bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:789. [PMID: 33248451 PMCID: PMC7700716 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, all have one clear common denominator; an altered turnover of bone. However, this may be more complex than a simple change in bone matrix and mineral turnover. While these diseases share a common tissue axis, their manifestations in the area of pathology are highly diverse, ranging from sclerosis to erosion of bone in different regions. The management of these diseases will benefit from a deeper understanding of the local versus systemic effects, the relation to the equilibrium of the bone balance (i.e., bone formation versus bone resorption), and the physiological and pathophysiological phenotypes of the cells involved (e.g., osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes). For example, the process of endochondral bone formation in chondrocytes occurs exists during skeletal development and healthy conditions, but also in pathological conditions. This review focuses on the complex molecular and cellular taxonomy of bone in the context of rheumatological diseases that alter bone matrix composition and maintenance, giving rise to different bone turnover phenotypes, and how biomarkers (biochemical markers) can be applied to potentially describe specific bone phenotypic tissue profiles.
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Llorente I, García-Castañeda N, Valero C, González-Álvaro I, Castañeda S. Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Dangerous Liaisons. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:601618. [PMID: 33330566 PMCID: PMC7719815 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.601618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been classically considered a comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, recent advances in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in RA have shown a close interplay between cells of the immune system and those involved in bone remodeling, introducing new actors into the classic route in which osteoclast activation is related to the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. In fact, the inflammatory state in early stages of RA, mediated by interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has the ability to activate and differentiate osteoclasts not only through their relationship with RANKL, but also through the Wnt/DKK1/sclerostin pathway, leading to bone loss. The role of synovial fibroblasts and activated T lymphocytes in the expression of the RANKL system and its connection to bone destruction is also depicted. In addition, autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are other pathogenic mechanisms for the development of bone erosions and systemic osteoporosis in RA, even before the onset of arthritis. The aim of this review is to unravel the relationship between different factors involved in the development of osteoporosis in RA patients, both the classic factors and the most novel, based on the relationship of autoantibodies with bone remodeling. Furthermore, we propose that bone mineral density measured by different techniques may be helpful as a biomarker of severity in early arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Llorente
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Valero
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Santos MRG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Madeira MFM, Machado FS. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in inflammatory bone disorders. Bone 2020; 140:115538. [PMID: 32730926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are significant regulators of cellular immune responses. Therefore, the role of SOCS in bone-inflammatory disorders, including arthritis and periodontitis, has been investigated in experimental and clinical conditions. Recent evidence shows that SOCS proteins are expressed in major bone-related cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes and synoviocytes, although their direct role in these cells is not fully described. These signaling molecules, especially SOCS1, 2 and 3, were shown to play critical roles in the control of bone resorption associated to inflammation. This review focuses on the involvement of SOCS proteins in inflammatory bone remodeling, including their direct and indirect role in the control of osteoclast hyperactivation, during arthritis and periodontitis. The description of the roles of SOCS proteins in inflammatory bone diseases highlights the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of these conditions and, thus, may contribute to the development and improvement of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rates Gonzaga Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine/Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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38
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Calabrese LH, Caporali R, Blank CU, Kirk AD. Modulating the wayward T cell: New horizons with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments in autoimmunity, transplant, and cancer. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102546. [PMID: 32980229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The T-cell response is regulated by the balance between costimulatory and coinhibitory signals. Immune checkpoints are essential for efficient T-cell activation, but also for maintaining self-tolerance and protecting tissues from damage caused by the immune system, and for providing protective immunity. Modulating immune checkpoints can serve diametric goals, such that blocking a coinhibitory molecule can unleash anti-cancer immunity whereas stimulating the same molecule can reduce an over-reaction in autoimmune disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulation of T-cell costimulation and coinhibition, which is central to the processes underpinning autoimmunity, transplant rejection and immune evasion in cancer. We will focus on the immunomodulation agents that regulate these unwanted over- and under-reactions. The use of such agents has led to control of symptoms and slowing of progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, reduced rejection rates in transplant patients, and prolonged survival in patients with cancer. The management of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in certain challenging patient populations, including patients with pre-existing autoimmune conditions or transplant patients who develop cancer, as well as the management of immune-related adverse events in patients receiving antitumor therapy, is examined. Finally, the future of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including examples of emerging targets that are currently in development, as well as recent insights gained using new molecular techniques, is discussed. T-cell costimulation and coinhibition play vital roles in these diverse therapeutic areas. Targeting immune checkpoints continues to be a powerful avenue for the development of agents suitable for treating autoimmune diseases and cancers and for improving transplant outcomes. Enhanced collaboration between therapy area specialists to share learnings across disciplines will improve our understanding of the opposing effects of treatments for autoimmune disease/transplant rejection versus cancer on immune checkpoints, which has the potential to lead to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Caporali
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health and Rheumatology Division, ASST Pini-CTO Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Ziegelasch M, Boman A, Martinsson K, Thyberg I, Jacobs C, Nyhäll-Wåhlin BM, Svärd A, Berglin E, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Skogh T, Kastbom A. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are associated with radiographic damage but not disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in 2006-2011. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:434-442. [PMID: 32856532 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1771761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The discovery of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and the introduction of new therapeutic options have had profound impacts on early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care. Since ACPA status, most widely assessed as reactivity to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs), influences treatment decisions in early RA, we aimed to determine whether anti-CCP remains a predictor of disease activity and radiographic joint damage in more recent 'real-world' early RA. Method: Two observational early RA cohorts from Sweden enrolled patients in 1996-1999 (TIRA-1, n = 239) and 2006-2009 (TIRA-2, n = 444). Clinical and radiographic data and ongoing treatment were prospectively collected up to 3 years. Two other cohorts served as confirmation cohorts (TRAM-1, with enrolment 1996-2000, n = 249; and TRAM-2, 2006-2011, n = 528). Baseline anti-CCP status was related to disease activity, pharmacotherapy, and radiographic joint damage according to Larsen score. Results: In the TIRA-1 cohort, anti-CCP-positive patients had significantly higher 28-joint Disease Activity Score, swollen joint count, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during follow-up compared with anti-CCP-negative patients. In TIRA-2, no such differences were found, but baseline anti-CCP positivity was associated with higher 3 year Larsen score (5.4 vs 3.5, p = 0.039). In TRAM-2, anti-CCP also predicted radiographic damage (8.9 vs 6.7, p = 0.027), with no significant differences in disease activity. Conclusion: In the early RA cohorts recruiting patients in 2006-2011, baseline anti-CCP positivity was not associated with disease activity over time, but was associated with increased radiographic damage at follow-up. Hence, close radiographic monitoring is warranted in early anti-CCP-positive RA regardless of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ziegelasch
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Boman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Martinsson
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - I Thyberg
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - A Svärd
- Department of Rheumatology, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Berglin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Rantapää-Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Skogh
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Kastbom
- Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping, Sweden
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Lai JH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114015. [PMID: 32512739 PMCID: PMC7312469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with high anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers have an increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although our knowledge of the generation and production of ACPAs has continuously advanced during the past decade, our understanding on the pathogenic mechanisms of how ACPAs interact with immune cells to trigger articular inflammation is relatively limited. Citrullination disorders drive the generation and maintenance of ACPAs, with profound clinical significance in patients with RA. The loss of tolerance to citrullinated proteins, however, is essential for ACPAs to exert their pathogenicity. N-linked glycosylation, cross-reactivity and the structural interactions of ACPAs with their citrullinated antigens further direct their biological functions. Although questions remain in the pathogenicity of ACPAs acting as agonists for a receptor-mediated response, immune complex (IC) formation, complement system activation, crystallizable fragment gamma receptor (FcγR) activation, cross-reactivity to joint cartilage and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-related mechanisms have all been suggested recently. This paper presents a critical review of the characteristics and possible biological effects and mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of ACPAs in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8791-8382; Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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Ishikawa Y, Terao C. The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020475. [PMID: 32092988 PMCID: PMC7072747 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and subsequent proliferation of synovial tissues, which eventually leads to cartilage and bone destruction without effective treatments. Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two main characteristic autoantibodies found in RA patients and are associated with unfavorable disease outcomes. Although etiologies and causes of the disease have not been fully clarified yet, it is likely that interactive contributions of genetic and environmental factors play a main role in RA pathology. Previous works have demonstrated several genetic and environmental factors as risks of RA development and/or autoantibody productions. Among these, cigarette smoking and HLA-DRB1 are the well-established environmental and genetic risks, respectively. In this narrative review, we provide a recent update on genetic contributions to RA and the environmental risks of RA with a special focus on cigarette smoking and its impacts on RA pathology. We also describe gene–environmental interaction in RA pathogenesis with an emphasis on cigarette smoking and HLA-DRB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4 Chome-27-1 Kitaando, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)45-503-9121
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease, which can be, based on data combining genetic risk factors and autoantibodies, sub-classified into ACPA-positive and -negative RA. Presence of ACPA and RF as well as rising CRP-levels in some patients years before onset of clinical symptoms indicate that relevant immune responses for RA development are initiated very early. ACPA are highly specific for RA, whereas RF can also be found among healthy (elderly) individuals and patients with other autoimmune diseases or infection. The most important genetic risk factor for RA development, the shared epitope alleles, resides in the MHC class II region. Shared epitope alleles, however, only predispose to the development of ACPA-positive RA. Smoking is thus far the most important environmental risk factor associated with the development of RA. Studies on synovitis have shown the importance not only of adaptive but also of innate immune responses. In summary of the various results from immunological changes in blood and synovial tissue, the extension of the immune response from a diffuse myeloid to a lympho-myeloid inflammation appears to be associated with a more successful therapeutic response to biologics. With respect to advances in synovitis research, new targets for treatment against pathological subsets of immune cells or fibroblasts are already on the horizon. However, alternative strategies involving the microbiome may play an important role as well and research in this field is growing rapidly.
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Adami G, Fassio A, Rossini M, Caimmi C, Giollo A, Orsolini G, Viapiana O, Gatti D. Osteoporosis in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5867. [PMID: 31766755 PMCID: PMC6928928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by an increased risk of fragility fracture. Patients affected by rheumatic diseases are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment of osteoporosis in patients affected by rheumatic diseases with special focus for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitides, Sjogren syndrome, and crystal-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Adami
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Pz Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.F.); (M.R.); (C.C.); (A.G.); (G.O.); (O.V.); (D.G.)
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44
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Orsolini G, Fassio A, Rossini M, Adami G, Giollo A, Caimmi C, Idolazzi L, Viapiana O, Gatti D. Effects of biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs on bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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45
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Ishikawa Y, Ikari K, Hashimoto M, Ohmura K, Tanaka M, Ito H, Taniguchi A, Yamanaka H, Mimori T, Terao C. Shared epitope defines distinct associations of cigarette smoking with levels of anticitrullinated protein antibody and rheumatoid factor. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1480-1487. [PMID: 31427439 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTS Although the association of cigarette smoking (CS) with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established, the impact of CS on anticitrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in RA has yet been clear, especially in relation to shared epitope (SE) alleles. METHODS A total of 6239 subjects, the largest Asian study ever, from two independent Japanese cohorts were enrolled. Precise smoking histories, levels of ACPA and RF, and HLA-DRB1 allele status were withdrawn from databases. Associations between CS and high ACPA or RF levels, defined by the top quartiles, were evaluated. The effect of HLA-DRB1 alleles on the association was further investigated. RESULTS CS at RA onset conferred the risks of high levels of both antibodies, especially RF (OR 2.06, p=7.4×10-14; ACPA, OR 1.29, p=0.012), suggesting that RF level is more sensitive to CS than ACPA level. The patients who had quitted CS before RA onset showed a trend of decreased risks of developing high levels of ACPA or RF, and the risks steadily decreased according to the cessation years. The association of CS with high ACPA level was observed only in subjects carrying SE alleles, while the association of high RF level was observed regardless of SE. CONCLUSIONS CS confers the risks of high autoantibody levels in RA in different manners; CS interacts with SE alleles on ACPA level, while CS impacts on RF level despite SE allele. These data suggest novel distinct production mechanisms of RF and ACPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuo Taniguchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan .,Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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46
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Flak MB, Colas RA, Muñoz-Atienza E, Curtis MA, Dalli J, Pitzalis C. Inflammatory arthritis disrupts gut resolution mechanisms, promoting barrier breakdown by Porphyromonas gingivalis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125191. [PMID: 31292292 PMCID: PMC6629160 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is linked with altered host immune responses and severe joint destruction. Recent evidence suggests that loss of gut homeostasis and barrier breach by pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, may influence disease severity. The mechanism(s) leading to altered gut homeostasis and barrier breakdown in inflammatory arthritis are poorly understood. In the present study, we found a significant reduction in intestinal concentrations of several proresolving mediators during inflammatory arthritis, including downregulation of the gut-protective mediator resolvin D5n-3 DPA (RvD5n-3 DPA). This was linked with increased metabolism of RvD5n-3 DPA to its inactive 17-oxo metabolite. We also found downregulation of IL-10 expression in the gut of arthritic mice that was coupled with a reduction in IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) in lamina propria macrophages. These changes were linked with a decrease in the number of mucus-producing goblet cells and tight junction molecule expression in the intestinal epithelium of arthritic mice when compared with naive mice. P. gingivalis inoculation further downregulated intestinal RvD5n-3 DPA and Il-10 levels and the expression of gut tight junction proteins. RvD5n-3 DPA, but not its metabolite 17-oxo-RvD5n-3 DPA, increased the expression of both IL-10 and IL-10R in macrophages via the upregulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist l-kynurenine. Administration of RvD5n-3 DPA to arthritic P. gingivalis-inoculated mice increased intestinal Il-10 expression, restored gut barrier function, and reduced joint inflammation. Together, these findings uncover mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, where disruption of the gut RvD5n-3 DPA-IL-10 axis weakens the gut barrier, which becomes permissive to the pathogenic actions of the pathobiont P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena B. Flak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A. Colas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, QMUL, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Rogier R, Ederveen THA, Wopereis H, Hartog A, Boekhorst J, van Hijum SAFT, Knol J, Garssen J, Walgreen B, Helsen MM, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PLEM, van de Loo FAJ, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Koenders MI. Supplementation of diet with non-digestible oligosaccharides alters the intestinal microbiota, but not arthritis development, in IL-1 receptor antagonist deficient mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219366. [PMID: 31283798 PMCID: PMC6613703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome is perturbed in patients with new-onset and chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthritis. Recent studies in mouse models suggest that development and progression of autoimmune arthritis is highly affected by the intestinal microbiome. This makes modulation of the intestinal microbiota an interesting novel approach to suppress inflammatory arthritis. Prebiotics, defined as non-digestible carbohydrates that selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial microorganisms, provide a relatively non-invasive approach to modulate the intestinal microbiota. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with a prebiotic mixture of 90% short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and 10% long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) in experimental arthritis in mice. We here show that dietary supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS has a pronounced effect on the composition of the fecal microbiota. Interestingly, the genera Enterococcus and Clostridium were markedly decreased by scGOS/lcFOS dietary supplementation. In contrast, the family Lachnospiraceae and the genus Lactobacillus, both associated with healthy microbiota, increased in mice receiving scGOS/lcFOS diet. However, the scGOS/lcFOS induced alterations of the intestinal microbiota did not induce significant effects on the intestinal and systemic T helper cell subsets and were not sufficient to reproducibly suppress arthritis in mice. As expected, we did observe a significant increase in the bone mineral density in mice upon dietary supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS for 8 weeks. Altogether, this study suggests that dietary scGOS/lcFOS supplementation is able to promote presumably healthy gut microbiota and improve bone mineral density, but not inflammation, in arthritis-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogier
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H. A. Ederveen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Wopereis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Hartog
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marije I. Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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48
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Adami G, Saag KG. Osteoporosis Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Screening in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Avdeeva AS, Cherkasova MV, Kusevich DA, Rybakova VV, Artyuhov AS, Dashinimaev EB, Chichasova NV, Nasonov EL. [The role of laboratory biomarkers in monitoring of rituximab biosimilar therapy (Acellbia, "BIOCAD") in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:26-33. [PMID: 32598673 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.05.000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate the role of laboratory biomarkers in monitoring effectiveness of rituximab (RTM) biosimilar therapy in a total dose of 1200 mg. MATERIALS AND METHODS 20 patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (18 woman, mean age 61.5(54-66.5) years, mean disease duration 39.5(20-84) months, mean DAS28 5.6(4.9-6.8)) received two intravenous RTM biosimilar infusions (600 mg №2) in combination with DMARDs and glucocorticoids. Laboratory biomarkers were assessed at baseline and weeks 12 and 24 after the first infusion of RTX. RESULTS RTM biosimilar induced decreases in DAS28, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) at week 12 and 24, p.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Avdeeva
- V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - M V Cherkasova
- V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - D A Kusevich
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - V V Rybakova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - A S Artyuhov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine.,Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - E B Dashinimaev
- Department of Regenerative Medicine.,Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - N V Chichasova
- V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
| | - E L Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Scientific and Research Institute of Rheumatology.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
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50
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Hameed AK, El-Said TO, Askar HY, ElKady BA. Performance of serum adenosine deaminase in measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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