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Chen S, Wang Q, Wang H, Xia S. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in T cell-mediated diseases. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13307. [PMID: 38441291 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
T cells synthesize a large number of proteins during their development, activation, and differentiation. The build-up of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, T cells can maintain ER homeostasis via endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, unfolded protein response, and autophagy. In T cell-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, type 1 diabetes and vitiligo, ER stress caused by changes in the internal microenvironment can cause disease progression by affecting T cell homeostasis. This review discusses ER stress in T cell formation, activation, differentiation, and T cell-mediated illnesses, and may offer new perspectives on the involvement of T cells in autoimmune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiulei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Wang Z, Wang J, Lan T, Zhang L, Yan Z, Zhang N, Xu Y, Tao Q. Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-α expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135384. [PMID: 37006278 PMCID: PMC10064071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-activated protein-α (FAP) is a type II integrated serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts during fibrosis or inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial sites abundantly and stably overexpress FAP and play important roles in regulating the cellular immune, inflammatory, invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis responses in the synovial region. Overexpression of FAP is regulated by the initial inflammatory microenvironment of the disease and epigenetic signaling, which promotes RA development by regulating FLSs or affecting the signaling cross-linking FLSs with other cells at the local synovium and inflammatory stimulation. At present, several treatment options targeting FAP are in the process of development. This review discusses the basic features of FAP expressed on the surface of FLSs and its role in RA pathophysiology and advances in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
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3
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Mormile I, Russo R, Andolfo I, de Paulis A, Rossi FW, Rendina D. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteogenesis imperfecta: is there a genetic causal association? Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2233-2235. [PMID: 35984462 PMCID: PMC9546962 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCenter for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Rendina
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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4
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Galoian K, Dahl V, Perez A, Denny C, Becker B, Sedani A, Moran A, Martinez D, Hoyt A, Brown J. PRP-1, a toll-like receptor ligand, upregulates the unfolded protein response in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100644. [PMID: 36368296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that proline-rich polypeptide (PRP-1) is a ligand for innate immunity toll-like receptors (TLR), and an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which induces the death of chondrosarcoma cancer stem cells (CSC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP-1 on the regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in human chondrosarcoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lysates were prepared from a monolayer (bulk or ALDHhigh population), or spheroids chondrosarcoma cell cultures and treated with PRP-1 or control, followed by protein levels quantification by western blotting and mRNA expression by RT-qPCR of protein-RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), and X-box binding protein (XBP1). RESULTS The PRP-1 has been shown to increase the expression of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, ATF6, IRE1α, and XBP1, on both protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSION PRP-1 activated UPR branches in monolayer, spheroid, and stem cell populations of human chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Galoian
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Victoria Dahl
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andres Perez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carina Denny
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Beatrice Becker
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anil Sedani
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra Moran
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Aaron Hoyt
- Loyola University Medical Centre, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey Brown
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Manda G, Milanesi E, Genc S, Niculite CM, Neagoe IV, Tastan B, Dragnea EM, Cuadrado A. Pros and cons of NRF2 activation as adjunctive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:179-201. [PMID: 35964840 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with an important inflammatory component accompanied by deregulated redox-dependent signaling pathways that are feeding back into inflammation. In this context, we bring into focus the transcription factor NRF2, a master redox regulator that exerts exquisite antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The review does not intend to be exhaustive, but to point out arguments sustaining the rationale for applying an NRF2-directed co-treatment in RA as well as its potential limitations. The involvement of NRF2 in RA is emphasized through an analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data on NRF2 target genes and the findings from NRF2-knockout mice. The impact of NRF2 on concurrent pathologic mechanisms in RA is explained by its crosstalk with major redox-sensitive inflammatory and cell death-related pathways, in the context of the increased survival of pathologic cells in RA. The proposed adjunctive therapy targeted to NRF2 is further sustained by the existence of promising NRF2 activators that are in various stages of drug development. The interference of NRF2 with conventional anti-rheumatic therapies is discussed, including the cytoprotective effects of NRF2 for alleviating drug toxicity. From another perspective, the review presents how NRF2 activation would be decreasing the efficacy of synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs by increasing drug efflux. Future perspectives regarding pharmacologic NRF2 activation in RA are finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sermin Genc
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cristina Mariana Niculite
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Victoria Neagoe
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bora Tastan
- Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elena Mihaela Dragnea
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Demarco B, Danielli S, Fischer FA, Bezbradica JS. How Pyroptosis Contributes to Inflammation and Fibroblast-Macrophage Cross-Talk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:1307. [PMID: 35455985 PMCID: PMC9028325 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About thirty years ago, a new form of pro-inflammatory lytic cell death was observed and termed pyroptosis. Only in 2015, gasdermins were defined as molecules that create pores at the plasma membrane and drive pyroptosis. Today, we know that gasdermin-mediated death is an important antimicrobial defence mechanism in bacteria, yeast and mammals as it destroys the intracellular niche for pathogen replication. However, excessive and uncontrolled cell death also contributes to immunopathology in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. In this review, we discuss recent findings where pyroptosis contributes to tissue damage and inflammation with a main focus on injury-induced and autoimmune arthritis. We also review novel functions and regulatory mechanisms of the pyroptotic executors gasdermins. Finally, we discuss possible models of how pyroptosis may contribute to the cross-talk between fibroblast and macrophages, and also how this cross-talk may regulate inflammation by modulating inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Demarco
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (S.D.); (F.A.F.)
| | | | | | - Jelena S. Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (S.D.); (F.A.F.)
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Zhao J, Jiang P, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Apoptosis, Autophagy, NETosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis Mediated Programmed Cell Death as Targets for Innovative Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:809806. [PMID: 35003139 PMCID: PMC8739882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.809806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that can lead to clinical manifestations of systemic diseases. Its leading features include chronic synovial inflammation and degeneration of the bones and joints. In the past decades, multiple susceptibilities for rheumatoid arthritis have been identified along with the development of a remarkable variety of drugs for its treatment; which include analgesics, glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic response modifiers (bDMARDs). Despite the existence of many clinical treatment options, the prognosis of some patients remains poor due to complex mechanism of the disease. Programmed cell death (PCD) has been extensively studied and ascertained to be one of the essential pathological mechanisms of RA. Its dysregulation in various associated cell types contributes to the development of RA. In this review, we summarize the role of apoptosis, cell death-associated neutrophil extracellular trap formation, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy in the pathophysiology of RA to provide a theoretical reference and insightful direction to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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8
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CXCL4 drives fibrosis by promoting several key cellular and molecular processes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110189. [PMID: 34986347 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide, characterized by myofibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Systemic sclerosis is a prototypic fibrotic disease in which CXCL4 is increased and strongly correlates with skin and lung fibrosis. Here we aim to elucidate the role of CXCL4 in fibrosis development. CXCL4 levels are increased in multiple inflammatory and fibrotic mouse models, and, using CXCL4-deficient mice, we demonstrate the essential role of CXCL4 in promoting fibrotic events in the skin, lungs, and heart. Overexpressing human CXCL4 in mice aggravates, whereas blocking CXCL4 reduces, bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Single-cell ligand-receptor analysis predicts CXCL4 to affect endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In vitro, we confirm that CXCL4 directly induces myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis in different precursor cells, including endothelial cells, by stimulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our findings identify a pivotal role of CXCL4 in fibrosis, further substantiating the potential role of neutralizing CXCL4 as a therapeutic strategy.
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9
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Payandeh Z, Pirpour Tazehkand A, Azargoonjahromi A, Almasi F, Alagheband Bahrami A. The Role of Cell Organelles in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Focus on Exosomes. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 34736402 PMCID: PMC8567674 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auto-immune diseases involved at least 25% of the population in wealthy countries. Several factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements are implicated in development of Rheumatoid Arthritis as an autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies cause synovial inflammation and arthritis, if left untreated or being under continual external stimulation, could result in chronic inflammation, joint injury, and disability. T- and B-cells, signaling molecules, proinflammatory mediators, and synovium-specific targets are among the new therapeutic targets. Exosomes could be employed as therapeutic vectors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Herein, the role of cell organelle particularly exosomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis had discussed and some therapeutic applications of exosome highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Zhang Y, Ge L, Song G, Zhang R, Li S, Shi H, Zhang H, Li Y, Pan J, Wang L, Han J. Azithromycin alleviates the severity of rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the UPR component GRP78. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1201-1219. [PMID: 34664264 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic with well-described anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to substantiate the treatment potential of AZM in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gene expression profiles were collected by RNA sequencing, and the effects of AZM were assessed in functional assays. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the effects of AZM-mediated blockade of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Assays to define the anti-inflammatory activity of AZM using fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice were performed. Identification and characterization of the binding of AZM to GRP78 was performed using drug affinity responsive target stability assays, proteomics and cellular thermal shift assays. AZM-mediated inhibition of GRP78 and the dependence of the antiarthritic activity of AZM on GRP78 were assessed. KEY RESULTS AZM reduced proinflammatory factor production, cell migration, invasion and chemoattraction and enhanced apoptosis, thereby reducing the deleterious inflammatory response of RA FLSs in vitro. AZM ameliorated the severity of CIA lesions as efficiently as the anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biological agent etanercept (ETC). Transcriptional analyses suggested that AZM treatment impairs signalling cascades associated with cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic processes. GRP78 was identified as a novel target of AZM. AZM-mediated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) via the inhibition of GRP78 activity is required not only for inducing the expression of C/EBP-homologous protein (ChOP) but also for the activating sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and its targeted genes involved in cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic processes. Furthermore, deletion of GRP78 abolished the antiarthritic activity of AZM. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings confirmed that AZM is a therapeutic drug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruojia Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haojun Shi
- The second clinical medical college, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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11
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Methotrexate and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate synergistically restore the balance between apoptosis and autophagy in synovial fibroblast of RA: an ex vivo approach with cultured human RA FLS. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1427-1442. [PMID: 34350509 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imbalance between apoptosis and autophagy in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is one of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for their abnormal proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) demonstrated limited efficacy in amending this imbalance in fluid-derived (fd)-FLS. The active compound of black tea Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (TF3) may be effective in restoring apoptosis-autophagy imbalance in (fd)-FLS. The combined effect of MTX + TF3 upon the same is yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of MTX + TF3 on fd-FLS to induce apoptosis and inhibit autophagy through Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pathways. METHODS FLS from synovial fluid of 11 RA and 10 osteoarthritis patients were cultured after treatment with MTX/TF3 or a combination of MTX (125 nM) and TF3(10 µM) and the following parameters were evaluated. C-reactive protein, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), angiogenic markers were quantified by ELISA. fd-FLS viability was determined by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. ER stress markers were estimated by RT-PCR (IRE1A, spliced-XBP-1) and immunoblotting (Grp78, Hsp70, CHOP, HIF-1α). Immunoblot studies were done to evaluate apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspases) and autophagic (Beclin1, LC3b, p62) proteins. RESULTS MTX (IC25) and TF3 (IC50) both in single doses could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Combinatorial treatment modulated autophagosomal proteins in fd-FLS and induced apoptosis by regulating ER stress response. CONCLUSION Disruption in homeostasis between apoptosis and autophagy in fd-FLS might be an underlying phenomenon in the progression of pathophysiology in RA. Co-administration of MTX + TF3 successfully restored the homeostasis by inducing apoptosis.
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12
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Luo X, Cui J, Long X, Chen Z. TLRs Play Crucial Roles in Regulating RA Synoviocyte. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1156-1165. [PMID: 32338225 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200427115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease comparing the inflammation of synovium. Macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (synoviocytes) are crucial ingredients of synovium. Therein, a lot of research has focused on synoviocytes. Researches demonstrated that TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6 TLR7 and TLR9 are expressed in synoviocyte. Additionally, the expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 is increased in RA synoviocyte. In this paper, we review the exact role of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR5 participate in regulating the production of inflammatory factors in RA synoviocyte. Furthermore, we discuss the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), MicroRNA, Monome of Chinese herb and other cells (Monocyte and T cell) influence the function of synoviocyte by regulating TLRs. The activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in synoviocyte leads to the aggravation of arthritis, comparing with angiogenesis and bone destruction. Above all, TLRs are promising targets for managing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xin Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Lo HH, Zhang K, Law BYK, Nasim AA, Chung SK, Wong VKW, Liu L. Potential therapeutic compounds from traditional Chinese medicine targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105696. [PMID: 34052360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects about 0.5-1% of people with symptoms that significantly impact a sufferer's lifestyle. The cells involved in propagating RA tend to display pro-inflammatory and cancer-like characteristics. Medical drug treatment is currently the main avenue of RA therapy. However, drug options are limited due to severe side effects, high costs, insufficient disease retardation in a majority of patients, and therapeutic effects possibly subsiding over time. Thus there is a need for new drug therapies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition due to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, and subsequent cellular responses have been found to be involved in cancer and inflammatory pathologies, including RA. ER stress protein markers and their modulation have therefore been suggested as therapeutic targets, such as GRP78 and CHOP, among others. Some current RA therapeutic drugs have been found to have ER stress-modulating properties. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) frequently use natural products that affect multiple body and cellular targets, and several medicines and/or their isolated compounds have been found to also have ER stress-modulating capabilities, including TCMs used in RA treatment by Chinese Medicine practitioners. This review encourages, in light of the available information, the study of these RA-treating, ER stress-modulating TCMs as potential new pharmaceutical drugs for use in clinical RA therapy, along with providing a list of other ER stress-modulating TCMs utilized in treatment of cancers, inflammatory diseases and other diseases, that have potential use in RA treatment given similar ER stress-modulating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kaixi Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
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Zeng Q, Ye L, Ling M, Ma R, Li J, Chen H, Pan L. TLR4/TRAF6/NOX2 signaling pathway is involved in ventilation-induced lung injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress in murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107774. [PMID: 34020396 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), prolonged nonpathogen-mediated inflammation is triggered as a result of alveolar hyperinflation. In our previous study, we suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated inflammation was involved in VILI, but how ER stress is triggered remains unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation plays an important role in mechanical ventilation (MV)-induced lung inflammation, however, it is unknown whether ER stress is activated by TLR4 to participate in VILI. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to MV with high tidal volumes (HTV 20 ml/kg). Mice were pretreated with TAK-242 the TLR4 inhibitor, C25-140, the TRAF6 inhibitor, or GSK2795039, the NOX2 inhibitor. Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to measure lung injury, inflammatory responses and mRNA/protein expression associated with ER stress and the TLR4/TRAF6/NOX2 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that MV with HTV caused the TLR4/TRAF6/NOX2 signaling pathway activation and production of large amounts of ROS, which led to ER stress and NF-κB mediated inflammation in VILI. Furthermore, TLR4/TRAF6/NOX2 signaling pathway inhibition attenuated ER stress response and alleviate lung injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Maoyao Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Riliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haishao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Linghui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Perioperative Medicine Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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15
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The aftermath of the interplay between the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and redox signaling. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:151-167. [PMID: 33558590 PMCID: PMC8080639 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the transportation of synthesized proteins. Any perturbations in ER function, such as increased demand for protein folding or the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, lead to a stress response called the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary aim of the UPR is to restore cellular homeostasis; however, it triggers apoptotic signaling during prolonged stress. The core mechanisms of the ER stress response, the failure to respond to cellular stress, and the final fate of the cell are not yet clear. Here, we discuss cellular fate during ER stress, cross talk between the ER and mitochondria and its significance, and conditions that can trigger ER stress response failure. We also describe how the redox environment affects the ER stress response, and vice versa, and the aftermath of the ER stress response, integrating a discussion on redox imbalance-induced ER stress response failure progressing to cell death and dynamic pathophysiological changes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a cellular organelle responsible for protein folding, is sensitive to chemical imbalances that can induce stress, leading to cell death and disease. Researchers in South Korea, led by Han-Jung Chae from Jeonbuk National University in Jeonju and Hyung-Ryong Kim from Dankook University in Cheonan, review how the ER counters changes in its environment that spur protein folding defects by activating a series of signaling pathways, known collectively as the unfolded protein response. Redox imbalance, may fail adaptive ER stress response that can damage the ER and surrounding mitochondria by modifying cysteine residues. The interaction between the two stress systems, ER stress and oxidative stress, has profound negative impacts on normal physiology. Targeting one or both of these stress mechanisms may therefore be an effective means of treating disease.
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Geng M, Xu K, Meng L, Xu J, Jiang C, Guo Y, Ren X, Li X, Peng Y, Wang S, Huang F, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhu W, Lu S. Up-regulated DERL3 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes exacerbates inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108579. [PMID: 32866644 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through affecting synoviocyte proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. The role of DERL3, an ER-associated degradation component, in joint inflammation of RA was explored. Synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were collected, and in RA synovial tissue, DERL3 showed up-regulation and significantly positive correlation with the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. Immunofluorescence result suggested DERL3 was located in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Among different inflammatory stimuli, DERL3 could be up-regulated by TNF-α stimulation in FLS. Under TNF-α stimulation, knocking down DERL3, the expression of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-13 was reduced and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was inhibited. In pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rat model, Derl3 was up-regulated in synovial tissue and disease was attenuated after intraarticular injection of siDerl3. Overall, we conclude that TNF-α inducing DERL3 expression promotes the inflammation of FLS through activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting DERL3 plays important roles in the pathogenesis of RA and is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Geng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanxu Guo
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhao Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Si Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fumeng Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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Yang X, Guo Q, Feng T, Lu Q, Ge L, Pan J, Bi K, Qiao L, Tian L, Xie T, Yao C, Song G, Wang L. IL13Rα1 protects against rheumatoid arthritis by combating the apoptotic resistance of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:184. [PMID: 32771038 PMCID: PMC7414989 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely related with the pathological progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are known as its resistance against ER stress-induced apoptosis. Studies on overcoming such resistance would provide a novel treatment strategy for RA in a clinical setting. Methods IL13Rα1 expression was assessed in the synovial tissue by RT-qPCR, immunohistology, and Western blot. Gain or loss of functional analysis was applied to evaluate the biological roles of IL13Rα1 in RA FLSs. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTS, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The therapeutic effects of IL13Rα1 on the severity of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA-/1 mouse model were evaluated by scoring synovitis, hyperplasia, cartilage degradation, and bone destruction. Results IL13Rα1 expression was selectively downregulated when RA FLSs were stimulated by ER stress inducers. Functionally, IL13Rα1 overexpression could inhibit the viability, but induce the apoptosis of RA FLSs in the presence of ER stress inducers. Mechanistically, IL13Rα1 promotes cell apoptosis via transcriptionally activating trail expression. Besides, IL13Rα1 could interact and stabilize DR5 protein, thus forming a positive loop involving trail and DR5 to render RA FLSs more susceptible to apoptosis. Additionally, intraarticular injection of IL13Rα1 conferred therapeutic effects in CIA models and showed a limited degree of synovial proliferation and joint destruction. Conclusions Together, our data establishes a regulatory role for IL13Rα1 to combat the apoptotic resistance of RA FLSs against ER stress. The inhibitory effects of IL13Rα1 on arthritis progression suggest the therapeutic potential in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China.
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18
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Damian LO, Zmarandache CD, Vele P, Albu A, Belizna C, Crăciun A. Osteogenesis imperfecta and rheumatoid arthritis: is there a link? Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32144589 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We present the cases of a mother and daughter with osteogenesis imperfecta, also diagnosed later with rheumatoid arthritis. In our patients finding and treating the over-imposed arthritis improved the joint pain initially attributed to osteogenesis imperfecta. Exploring joint inflammation in this setting could help ease the disease burden. PURPOSE Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare hereditary disease evolving with recurrent fractures upon minor trauma, blue sclerae, and hearing loss. Although inflammation was not generally considered a feature of the disease, systemic inflammation was recently reported in children with OI and in murine models of OI. METHOD We present the cases of a mother and a daughter with OI, without a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases, who were also diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis seropositive for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies and rheumatoid factor. RESULTS The genetic tests identified in both patients a deletion in COL1A1 gene (c.3399del, p.Ala1134Profs*105), not previously reported, not present in population databases, creating a premature translational stop signal in the COL1A1 gene in the collagen I major ligand binding region 3. In our patients finding and treating the over-imposed arthritis improved the joint pain initially attributed to OI. Possible pathogenic links between OI and RA are discussed. CONCLUSION The prevalence of joint inflammation in OI is unknown and may be underestimated. As musculoskeletal involvement affects the quality of life in most OI patients, exploring this relation may help ease the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otilia Damian
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,CMI Reumatologie Dr Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior Str., 400002, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Carmen-Delia Zmarandache
- Radiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paulina Vele
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 8 V. Babes Str, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Albu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 8 V. Babes Str, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,2nd Internal Medicine Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Belizna
- Centre Vasculaire et de la Coagulation CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), Angers 4 rue Larrey, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Crăciun
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 8 V. Babes Str, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Sciences Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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19
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Zeng X, Chen X, Qin H, Han Y, Chen X, Han Z, Zhao W. Preventive effects of a natural anti-inflammatory agent Salvianolic acid A on acute kidney injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Liu Q, Körner H, Wu H, Wei W. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151881. [PMID: 31879042 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
If the body's immune system is disordered and begins to attack "self" and therefore, its own tissues this is considered to be an autoimmune pathology. The specific mechanisms vary between the different diseases and have not always been elucidated but chronic, non-resolving inflammation is a common theme in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, it has been shown that development and occurrence of various inflammatory responses are closely correlated to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, this review discusses the current progress of research about the relationship between autoimmune diseases and endoplasmic reticulum stress, specifically the unfolded protein response (UPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation, China; Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation, China; Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation, China; Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation, China; Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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21
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Zheng L, Li H, Fu L, Liu S, Yan Q, Leng SX. Blocking cellular N-glycosylation suppresses human cytomegalovirus entry in human fibroblasts. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103776. [PMID: 31600539 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of viral infections. However, the role of host cell N-glycosylation in human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that blocking or removal of cellular N-glycosylation by tunicamycin, peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) treatment, or N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (MGAT1) knockdown resulted in suppression of hCMV infection in human fibroblasts. This suppression was reversed following N-glycosylation restoration. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis showed that blockade of cellular N-glycosylation interfered with hCMV entry rather than binding. Removal of N-glycosylation on epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and integrin β3, two proposed hCMV receptors, blocked their interaction with hCMV glycoproteins B and H. It also suppressed activation of these receptors and downstream integrin β3/Src signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that N-glycosylation of host cell glycoproteins including two proposed hCMV receptors is critical for hCMV entry rather than attachment. They provide novel insights into the biological process important for the early stage of hCMV infection with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huifen Li
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine, Development District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sally Liu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive systemic disease of the connective tissue, which is particularly manifested with destructive alterations to the joints. Inflammatory reactions in the synovium lead to the influx of peripheral inflammatory cells as well as the activation of local cells. Released growth factors, chemokines and especially cytokines play a key role in chronic inflammatory responses. In addition to the central lymphocytes, the T and B cells and their subpopulations, locally resident cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts as well as cells of bone metabolism are activated by the inflammatory milieu and contribute to and drive inflammation and tissue damage. The destruction of cartilage and bone substance by local tissue cells, synovial fibroblasts and osteoclasts is characteristic for this disease. Untreated, the local inflammatory and destructive processes as well as systemic inflammatory factors lead to progressive and irreversible joint destruction. Cellular and immunological processes in RA are closely interwoven; therefore, besides the general inhibition of immunological processes, specific inhibition of central key molecules can reduce or completely stop the inflammatory destructive processes; however, a high heterogeneity can be observed among RA patients and disease progression. Therefore, an expansion of the therapeutic options is desirable as not all patients are able to equally benefit from the therapeutic treatment. It is important to characterize new molecular mechanisms, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic options. Some of the more recent insights are summarized in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neumann
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland.
| | - K Frommer
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - M Diller
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
| | - U Müller-Ladner
- Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Benekestr. 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Deutschland
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23
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Ahmadiany M, Alavi-Samani M, Hashemi Z, Moosavi MA, Rahmati M. The Increased RNase Activity of IRE1α in PBMCs from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:505-509. [PMID: 31592115 PMCID: PMC6773928 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this
inflammatory disease remains a challenge to patients and physicians. Recent evidence highlights
the contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.
Herein, we study the expression of the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α),
as well as XBP1 splicing and the regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD), in peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA compared with healthy controls.
Methods: The PBMCs from blood samples of RA patients and healthy volunteers were isolated
by a density gradient centrifugation method using Ficoll. The gene expression levels of
GRP78/
Bip, IRE1, XBP1s, micro-RNAs (miRNAs)
were evaluated by real-time PCR.
Results: The expression of GRP78, IRE1, and XBP1s were increased in PBMCs of RA patients
compared with healthy controls. We further show that the RIDD targets (miRNA-17, -34a, -96,
and -125b) were downregulated in RA samples.
Conclusion: This study can expand our knowledge on the importance of RNase activity of
IRE1α in RA and may offer new potentials for developing novel diagnostic and/or therapeutic
biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ahmadiany
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS)
| | - Mahshid Alavi-Samani
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (IAUPS)
| | - Zahra Hashemi
- Department of Rheumatology, Imam Hossein Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, González S, Carvajal P, Molina C, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune diseases: Can altered protein quality control and/or unfolded protein response contribute to autoimmunity? A critical review on Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:796-808. [PMID: 29890347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many years, researchers in the field of autoimmunity have focused on the role of the immune components in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, some studies have demonstrated the importance of target tissues in their pathogenesis and the breach of immune tolerance. The immune system as well as target tissue cells (plasmatic, β-pancreatic, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, thyroid follicular and epithelial cells of the lachrymal glands, salivary glands, intestine, bronchioles and renal tubules) share the characteristic of secretory cells with an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The function of these cells depends considerably on a normal ER function and calcium homeostasis, so they can produce and secrete their main components, which include glycoproteins involved in antigenic presentation such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II. All these proteins are synthesized and modified in the ER, and for this reason disturbances in the normal functions of this organelle such as protein folding, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis and redox balance, promote accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, a condition known as ER stress. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by inflammation, which has been associated with an ER stress condition. Interestingly, patients with these diseases contain circulating auto-antibodies against chaperone proteins (such as Calnexin and GRP94), thus affecting the folding and assembly of MHC class I and II glycoproteins and their loading with peptide. The main purpose of this article is to review the involvement of the protein quality control and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and their alterations in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we describe the interaction between ER stress and inflammation and evidences are shown of how autoimmune diseases are associated with an ER stress condition, with a special emphasis on the second most prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease, Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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25
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Junjappa RP, Patil P, Bhattarai KR, Kim HR, Chae HJ. IRE1α Implications in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Development and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1289. [PMID: 29928282 PMCID: PMC5997832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) is the most prominent and evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein. This transduces the signal of misfolded protein accumulation in the ER, named as ER stress, to the nucleus as “unfolded protein response (UPR).” The ER stress-mediated IRE1α signaling pathway arbitrates the yin and yang of cell life. IRE1α has been implicated in several physiological as well as pathological conditions, including immune disorders. Autoimmune diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses that develop due to genetic mutations and several environmental factors, including infections and chemicals. These factors dysregulate the cell immune reactions, such as cytokine secretion, antigen presentation, and autoantigen generation. However, the mechanisms involved, in which these factors induce the onset of autoimmune diseases, are remaining unknown. Considering that these environmental factors also induce the UPR, which is expected to have significant role in secretory cells and immune cells. The role of the major UPR molecule, IRE1α, in causing immune responses is well identified, but its role in inducing autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been clearly elucidated. Hence, a better understanding of the role of IRE1α and its regulatory mechanisms in causing autoimmune diseases could help to identify and develop the appropriate therapeutic strategies. In this review, we mainly center the discussion on the molecular mechanisms of IRE1α in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Patil Junjappa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Prakash Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kashi Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of New Drug Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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26
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Rahmati M, Moosavi MA, McDermott MF. ER Stress: A Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:610-623. [PMID: 29691058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diverse physiological and pathological conditions that impact on protein folding of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cause ER stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) and the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway are activated to cope with ER stress. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammation and ER stress work in parallel by driving inflammatory cells to release cytokines that induce chronic ER stress pathways. This chronic ER stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA through synoviocyte proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Therefore, ER stress pathways and their constituent elements are attractive targets for RA drug development. In this review, we integrate current knowledge of the contribution of ER stress to the overall pathogenesis of RA, and suggest some therapeutic implications of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O Box:14965/161, Tehran, Iran; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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