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Gan PR, Wu H, Zhu YL, Shu Y, Wei Y. Glycolysis, a driving force of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111913. [PMID: 38603855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Resident synoviocytes and synovial microvasculature, together with immune cells from circulation, contribute to pannus formation, the main pathological feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leading to destruction of adjacent cartilage and bone. Seeds, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, T cells and endothelial cells (ECs) seeds with high metabolic demands undergo metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in response to poor soil of RA synovium with hypoxia, nutrient deficiency and inflammatory stimuli. Glycolysis provides rapid energy supply and biosynthetic precursors to support pathogenic growth of these seeds. The metabolite lactate accumulated during this process in turn condition the soil microenvironment and affect seeds growth by modulating signalling pathways and directing lactylation modifications. This review explores in depth the survival mechanism of seeds with high metabolic demands in the poor soil of RA synovium, providing useful support for elucidating the etiology of RA. In addition, we discuss the role and major post-translational modifications of proteins and enzymes linked to glycolysis to inspire the discovery of novel anti-rheumatic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Yu-Long Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yin Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yi Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei 230012, China; Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
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Hoffmann MH, Kirchner H, Krönke G, Riemekasten G, Bonelli M. Inflammatory tissue priming: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-224092. [PMID: 38702177 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to optimised treatment strategies and the availability of new therapies during the last decades, formerly devastating chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis (SSc) have become less menacing. However, in many patients, even state-of-the-art treatment cannot induce remission. Moreover, the risk for flares strongly increases once anti-inflammatory therapy is tapered or withdrawn, suggesting that underlying pathological processes remain active even in the absence of overt inflammation. It has become evident that tissues have the ability to remember past encounters with pathogens, wounds and other irritants, and to react more strongly and/or persistently to the next occurrence. This priming of the tissue bears a paramount role in defence from microbes, but on the other hand drives inflammatory pathologies (the Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde aspect of tissue adaptation). Emerging evidence suggests that long-lived tissue-resident cells, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, long-lived plasma cells and tissue-resident memory T cells, determine inflammatory tissue priming in an interplay with infiltrating immune cells of lymphoid and myeloid origin, and with systemically acting factors such as cytokines, extracellular vesicles and antibodies. Here, we review the current state of science on inflammatory tissue priming, focusing on tissue-resident and tissue-occupying cells in arthritis and SSc, and reflect on the most promising treatment options targeting the maladapted tissue response during these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Epigenetics and Metabolism Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Rheumatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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Chen J, Li G, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Research progress of hexokinase 2 in inflammatory-related diseases and its inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115986. [PMID: 38011767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a crucial enzyme involved in glycolysis, which converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and plays a significant role in glucose metabolism. HK2 can mediate glycolysis, which is linked to the release of inflammatory factors. The over-expression of HK2 increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating the inflammatory reaction. Consequently, HK2 is closely linked to various inflammatory-related diseases affecting multiple systems, including the digestive, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive systems, as well as rheumatoid arthritis. HK2 is regarded as a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory-related diseases, and this article provides a comprehensive review of its roles in these conditions. Furthermore, the development of potent HK2 inhibitors has garnered significant attention in recent years. Therefore, this review also presents a summary of potential HK2 inhibitors, offering promising prospects for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guirong Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Li Q, Chen Y, Liu H, Tian Y, Yin G, Xie Q. Targeting glycolytic pathway in fibroblast-like synoviocytes for rheumatoid arthritis therapy: challenges and opportunities. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2155-2167. [PMID: 37940690 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperplastic synovium, pannus formation, immune cell infiltration, and potential articular cartilage damage. Notably, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), especially rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS), exhibit specific overexpression of glycolytic enzymes, resulting in heightened glycolysis. This elevated glycolysis serves to generate ATP and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation, angiogenesis, and adaptation to hypoxia. Key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructose-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), significantly contribute to the pathogenic behavior of RAFLS. This increased glycolysis activity is regulated by various signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to retrieve relevant studies published from January 1, 2010, to the present, focusing on RAFLS glycolysis, RA pathogenesis, glycolytic regulation pathways, and small-molecule drugs targeting glycolysis. CONCLUSION This review provides a thorough exploration of the pathological and physiological characteristics of three crucial glycolytic enzymes in RA. It delves into their putative regulatory mechanisms, shedding light on their significance in RAFLS. Furthermore, the review offers an up-to-date overview of emerging small-molecule candidate drugs designed to target these glycolytic enzymes and the upstream signaling pathways that regulate them. By enhancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of RA and highlighting the pivotal role of glycolytic enzymes, this study contributes to the development of innovative anti-rheumatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunru Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geng Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of General Practice, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qibing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang Y, Bao X, Xian H, Wei F, Song Y, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Glucocorticoid receptors involved in ginsenoside compound K ameliorate adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting the glycolysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1162-1174. [PMID: 37559380 PMCID: PMC10416744 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2241512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside metabolite compound K (CK) is an active metabolite produced by ginsenosides in vivo that has an anti-arthritic effect related to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, the potential mechanisms of CK remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explores the role and potential mechanisms of CK in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adjuvant arthritis (AA) model was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; the rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): normal, AA, CK (80 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (Dex) group (1 mg/kg). From day 15, rats were treated with CK (once a day, i.g.) and Dex (once every 3 days, i.p.) for 18 days. To further verify the mechanism of CK, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were stimulated by tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) to establish an inflammatory model in vitro. RESULTS CK (80 mg/kg) reduced paw swelling (52%) and arthritis global assessment (31%) compared to that in AA rats. In addition, CK (80 mg/kg) suppressed GLUT1 (38%), HK2 (50%), and PKM2 (56%) levels compared with those in AA FLS. However, the effects of CK (30 μM) on these events were weakened or enhanced after GR knockdown or overexpression in FLS stimulated by TNF-α (30 ng/mL). CK (80 mg/kg) also downregulated the expression of P65 (61%), p-IκB (92%), and HIF-1α (59%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of CK on glycolysis and the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway is potentially mediated through activating GR. These findings provide experimental evidence for elucidating the molecular mechanism of CK in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiurong Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xian
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yining Song
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
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Sun Z, Song Y, Li J, Li Y, Yu Y, Wang X. Potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of sepsis: Lactylation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1042. [PMID: 37904710 PMCID: PMC10571012 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a disease that has plagued human health for decades, sepsis has so far had no specific diagnostic or therapeutic indicators. The discovery of lactylation modifications not only uncovered the deep-rooted causes of changing between lactate level and pathophysiology and immunology of sepsis, but also reaffirmed the inevitable link between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic reprogramming in sepsis. Lactylation modification became a potential marker for diagnosis and guiding the treatment of sepsis. AIM In this paper, we will summarize the discovery and regulation of lactylation modifications, discuss the study of lactylation modifications in sepsis, and evaluate their possibility and potential as diagnostic and therapeutic indicators of sepsis. CONCLUSION Lactylation modification is directly regulated by glycolysis and lactate, and inhibition of glycolytic pathway-related enzymes can regulate the level of lactylation modification, and more importantly, lactylation modification can act on these enzymes to regulate their functions and feedback regulate the level of glycolysis, this finding provides more ideas for clinical treatment of sepsis. We use "epigenetic modification", "glycolysis", "lactate", "lactylaiton" and "sepsis" as keywords and search the relevant literature through Pubmed and Web of science up to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeXian Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Anaesthesiology, The Graduate SchoolTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yize Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - YongHao Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Khalil SM, Eltaramsy A, Hegazi MM, Mohamed TM, Alwasel S, Salem ML. Time-dependent changes in the glycolytic pathway in activated T cells are independent of tumor burden or anti-cancer chemotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110622. [PMID: 37451014 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although activated adoptive T cells therapy (ATC) is an effective approach for cancer treatment, it is not clear how modulation of T cell activation impacts their biochemical signature which significantly impacts the cell function. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of polyclonal activation on the metabolic signature of T cells from tumor-bearing mice under different settings of treatment with chemotherapy. Thirty female Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/each), Gp1(PBS), groups Gp2 were inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p) with 1 × 106 cells/mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), Gp3-Gp5 were treated with cisplatin (20 mg/mice) which were represented as EAC/CIS/1wk Or EAC/CIS/2wk 3 times every other day. Splenocytes were cultured in or presence of concanavalin-A (Con-A) and IL-2 for 24 h or 72 h, then cells were harvested, and processed to determine the enzyme activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) enzymes. The results showed that before culture, T cells harvested from EAC/PBS/1wk of mice or inoculated with EAC/CIS/1wk showed higher activity in HK, PFK, LDH, and G6PH as compared to naive T cells. After 24, and 72 h of culture and activation, the enzyme activities in T cells harvested from EAC/CIS/2wk mice or EAC/CIS/3wk mice decreased compared with their control. The late stage of the tumor without chemotherapy gives a low glycolic rate. In late activation, naive and early stages of the tumor with chemotherapy can give high glycolic metabolism. These results show great significance as an application of adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila M Khalil
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Eltaramsy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M Hegazi
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, New Tanta University Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Egypt.
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Jeong H, Lee B, Han SJ, Sohn DH. Glucose metabolic reprogramming in autoimmune diseases. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:149-158. [PMID: 37465289 PMCID: PMC10351453 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2234986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly targets and damages healthy tissue in the body. In recent decades, the incidence of autoimmune diseases has increased, resulting in a significant disease burden. The current autoimmune therapies focus on targeting inflammation or inducing immunosuppression rather than addressing the underlying cause of the diseases. The activity of metabolic pathways is elevated in autoimmune diseases, and metabolic changes are increasingly recognized as important pathogenic processes underlying these. Therefore, metabolically targeted therapies may represent an important strategy for treating autoimmune diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence surrounding glucose metabolic reprogramming and its potential applications in drug discovery and development for autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoim Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Han
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dai Y, Liu P, Wen W, Li P, Yang C, Wang P, Xu S. Sarsasapogenin, a principal active component absorbed into blood of total saponins of Anemarrhena, attenuates proliferation and invasion in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through downregulating PKM2 inhibited pathological glycolysis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1951-1967. [PMID: 36631974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased glycolytic in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only contributes to early-stage disease pathogenesis but leads to sustained proliferation of FLS. Given the importance of PKM2 in glycolysis and apoptosis, PKM2 is considered a potential therapeutic and drug discovery target in RA. Total saponins of anemarrhena (TSA), a class of steroid saponins, originated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. In this study, we verified that 200 mg/kg TSA could significantly alleviate inflammation and the pathological characteristics of RA and inhibit synovial hyperplasia in AA rats. We confirmed that sarsasapogenin (SA) was the principal active ingredient absorbed into the blood of TSA by the UPLC/Q Exactive MS test. Then we used TNF-α-induced MH7A to get the conclusion that 20 μM SA could effectively inhibit the glycolysis by inhibiting the activity of PKM2 tetramer and glucose uptake. Moreover, 20 μM SA could suppress proliferation, migration, invasion, and cytokine release of FLS, interfere with the growth cycle of FLS, and induce FLS apoptosis by depressing the phosphorylation of PKM2. At last, In-1, a potent inhibitor of the PKM2 was used to reverse verify the above results. Taken together, the key mechanisms of SA on RA treatment through downregulating the activity of PKM2 tetramer and phosphorylation of PKM2 inhibited pathological glycolysis and induced apoptosis to exert inhibition on the proliferation and invasion of RA FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dai
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panwang Liu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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10
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He Y, Wang Y, Jia X, Li Y, Yang Y, Pan L, Zhao R, Han Y, Wang F, Guan X, Hou T. Glycolytic reprogramming controls periodontitis-associated macrophage pyroptosis via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110192. [PMID: 37068341 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis has been demonstrated as a crucial metabolic process in bacteria infected diseases via modulating the activity of pyroptosis. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells that infiltrated in the infected periodontal tissues, which significantly influence the outcome of periodontitis (PD). However, the effect of glycolysis in regulating macrophage pyroptosis during PD development remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of glycolysis in PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis and periodontal degeneration. Clinical specimens were used to determine the emergence of macrophage pyroptosis and glycolysis in periodontal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot. For an in-depth understanding of the regulatory effect of glycolysis in the progression of macrophage pyroptosis associated periodontitis, both in vivo PD model and in vitro PD model were treated with 2-DG (2-Deoxy-d-glucose), a glycolysis inhibitor. The data showed that the blockade of glycolysis could significantly suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced macrophage pyroptosis, resulting in an attenuation of the inflammatory response and bone resorption in periodontal lesions. Furthermore, we revealed that the regulatory effect of glycolysis on macrophage pyroptosis can be mediated via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study unveiled that suppressed glycolysis restrains the activity of PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis, osteoclastogenesis, and subsequent periodontal tissue destruction. These findings extend our knowledge of glycolysis in regulating PD-associated macrophage pyroptosis and provide a potential novel target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani He
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangbin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Experimental Center of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tiezhou Hou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen J, Pan M, Wang J, Zhang M, Feng M, Chai X, Zhang Q, Sun Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against colitis in mice by suppressing pyroptosis via inhibiting HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD and modulating gut microbiota. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116494. [PMID: 37001609 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a chalcone glycoside, is a component of Carthamus tinctorius L. and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of HSYA on ulcerative colitis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the unexplored protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HSYA on UC. In vitro analyses showed that HSYA reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 and inhibited nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis in lipopolysaccharide/ adenosine-5'-triphosphate (LPS/ATP)-stimulated macrophages. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of intracellular metabolites showed that HSYA reduced the increased levels of glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and lactic acid, and inhibited the increased hexokinase 1 (HK1) expression caused by LPS/ATP stimulation. HK1 shRNA transfection further confirmed that HSYA inhibited the NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis via HK1 downregulation. In vivo analyses showed that HSYA drastically attenuated UC symptoms by relieving body weight loss, a decline in colon length, and inflammatory infiltration in colonic tissues induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). HSYA also reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18. Moreover, HSYA inhibited HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses of gut microbiota revealed that HSYA reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria and increasing that of Bacteroidetes. This study demonstrated that HSYA not only exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting HK1/NLRP3/GSDMD and suppressing pyroptosis but also regulated gut microbiota in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Our findings provide new experimental evidence that HSYA might be a potential candidate for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmei Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Su W, Li J, Jiang L, Lei L, Li H. Hexokinase 2-mediated glycolysis supports inflammatory responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival fibroblasts. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:103. [PMID: 36793034 PMCID: PMC9933269 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis, gingival fibroblasts undergo metabolic reprogramming, and rely on aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation for rapid energy replenishment. Hexokinases (HKs) are catalysts for glucose metabolism, and HK2 constitutes the major HK inducible isoform. The objective of this study is to determine whether HK2-mediated glycolysis promotes inflammatory responses in inflamed gingiva. METHODS Levels of glycolysis-related genes were assessed in normal and inflamed gingiva. Human gingival fibroblasts were harvested and infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis in order to mimic periodontal inflammation. 2-deoxy-d-glucose, an analogue of glucose, was used to block HK2-mediated glycolysis, while small interfering RNA was used to knock down HK2 expression. The mRNA and protein levels of genes were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. HK2 activity and lactate production were assessed by ELISA. Cell proliferation was assessed by confocal microscopy. The generation of reactive oxygen species was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Elevated expression of HK2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 was observed in the inflamed gingiva. P. gingivalis infection was shown to promote glycolysis in human gingival fibroblasts, as evidenced by increased gene transcription of HK2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3, cell glucose consumption, and HK2 activity. Inhibition and knockdown of HK2 resulted in reduced cytokine production, cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, P. gingivalis infection activated the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathway, thus promoting HK2-mediated glycolysis and proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS HK2-mediated glycolysis promotes inflammatory responses in gingival tissues, and therefore glycolysis can be targeted in order to inhibit the progression of periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Su
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishan Jiang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XCentral Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Orthodontics, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, #30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Yang S, Zhao M, Jia S. Macrophage: Key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080310. [PMID: 36865559 PMCID: PMC9974150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is an essential part of the innate immune system and also serves as the bridge between innate immunity and adaptive immune response. As the initiator and executor of the adaptive immune response, macrophage plays an important role in various physiological processes such as immune tolerance, fibrosis, inflammatory response, angiogenesis and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Consequently, macrophage dysfunction is a vital cause of the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we mainly discuss the functions of macrophages in autoimmune diseases, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatic arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and type 1 diabetes (T1D), providing references for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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14
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Luo TT, Wu YJ, Yin Q, Chen WG, Zuo J. The Involvement of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Alteration in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Clinical Implication. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1837-1852. [PMID: 37131409 PMCID: PMC10149064 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s398291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obviously, immune cells like T cells and macrophages play a major role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On one hand, the breakdown of immune homeostasis directly induces systemic inflammation; on the other hand, these cells initiate and perpetuate synovitis and tissue damages through the interaction with fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). In recent years, the pathological link between metabolic disorders and immune imbalance has received increasing attention. High energy demand of immune cells leads to the accumulation of metabolic byproducts and inflammatory mediators. They act on various metabolism-sensitive signal pathways as well as relevant transcription factors, such as HIF-1α, and STATs. These molecular events will impact RA-related effectors like circulating immune cells and joint-resident cells in return, allowing the continuous progression of systemic inflammation, arthritic manifestations, and life-threatening complications. In other words, metabolic complications are secondary pathological factors for the progression of RA. Therefore, the status of energy metabolism may be an important indicator to evaluate RA severity, and in-depth explorations of the mechanisms underlying the mystery of how RA-related metabolic disorders develop will provide useful clues to further clarify the etiology of RA, and inspire the discovery of new anti-rheumatic targets. This article reviews the latest research progress on the interactions between immune and metabolism systems in the context of RA. Great importance is attached to the changes in certain pathways controlling both immune and metabolism functions during RA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Xin’an Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Xin’an Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Xin’an Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Zuo, Email
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15
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Ning X, Li S, Xue D, Wei C, Zhu Z, Sheng L, Lu B, Li Y, Ye X, Fu Y, Bai C, Cai W, Ding Y, Lin S, Yan G, Huang Y, Yin W. Directly targeting ASC by lonidamine alleviates inflammasome-driven diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:315. [PMID: 36577999 PMCID: PMC9798610 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated activation of the inflammasome is involved in various human diseases including acute cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis and sepsis. Though many inflammasome inhibitors targeting NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) have been designed and developed, none of the inhibitors are clinically available. Growing evidence suggests that targeting apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), the oligomerization of which is the key event for the assembly of inflammasome, may be another promising therapeutic strategy. Lonidamine (LND), a small-molecule inhibitor of glycolysis used as an antineoplastic drug, has been evidenced to have anti-inflammation effects. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still largely unknown. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and LPS-induced sepsis mice models were constructed to investigate the therapeutic and anti-inflammasome effects of LND. The inhibition of inflammasome activation and ASC oligomerization by LND was evaluated using western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Direct binding of LND with ASC was assessed using molecular mock docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). RESULTS Here, we find that LND strongly attenuates the inflammatory injury in experimental models of inflammasome-associated diseases including autoimmune disease-multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemic stroke and sepsis. Moreover, LND blocks diverse types of inflammasome activation independent of its known targets including hexokinase 2 (HK2). We further reveal that LND directly binds to the inflammasome ligand ASC and inhibits its oligomerization. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results identify LND as a broad-spectrum inflammasome inhibitor by directly targeting ASC, providing a novel candidate drug for the treatment of inflammasome-driven diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - YuWei Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - XinPeng Ning
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - ShengLong Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - DongDong Xue
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - CaiLv Wei
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - LongXiang Sheng
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - BingZheng Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yuan Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - XiaoYuan Ye
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - YunZhao Fu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Chuan Bai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wei Cai
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - YuXuan Ding
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - SuiZhen Lin
- Guangzhou Cellprotek Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663 China
| | - GuangMei Yan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - YiJun Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wei Yin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Zhou Z, Plug LG, Patente TA, de Jonge-Muller ESM, Elmagd AA, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Everts B, Barnhoorn MC, Hawinkels LJAC. Increased stromal PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease contributes to intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966067. [PMID: 36405760 PMCID: PMC9670190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the intestinal tract with currently not well-understood pathogenesis. In addition to the involvement of immune cells, increasing studies show an important role for fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of IBD. Previous work showed that glycolysis is the preferred energy source for fibroblasts in fibrotic diseases. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is a key kinase supporting glycolysis. Increased expression of PFKFB3 in several cancers and inflammatory diseases has been previously reported, but the metabolic status of fibroblasts and the role of PFKFB3 in patients with IBD are currently unknown. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of glycolysis and PFKFB3 expression in IBD. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) revealed that glycolysis was significantly higher in IBD intestinal samples, compared to healthy controls, which was confirmed in the validation cohorts of IBD patients. Single-cell sequencing data indicated that PFKFB3 expression was higher in IBD-derived stromal cells. In vitro, PFKFB3 expression in IBD-derived fibroblasts was increased after the stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, inflamed fibroblasts were shown to have a higher extracellular acidification rate and a lower oxygen consumption rate, which could be reversed by inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway. Furthermore, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in fibroblasts could be reverted by PFK15, a specific inhibitor of PFKFB3. In vivo experiments showed that PFK15 reduced the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and Tcell transfer induced colitis, which was accompanied by a reduction in immune cell infiltration in the intestines. These findings suggest that increased stromal PFKFB3 expression contributes to inflammation and the pathological function of fibroblasts in IBD. Inhibition of PFKFB3 suppressed their inflammatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leonie G. Plug
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thiago A. Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amir Abou Elmagd
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marieke C. Barnhoorn
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lukas J. A. C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Rozi R, Zhou Y, Rong K, Chen P. miR-124-3p sabotages lncRNA MALAT1 stability to repress chondrocyte pyroptosis and relieve cartilage injury in osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:453. [PMID: 36243708 PMCID: PMC9571420 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent inflammatory joint disorder. microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly involved in OA. Aim Our study is proposed to clarify the role of miR-124-3p in chondrocyte pyroptosis and cartilage injury in OA.
Methods OA mouse model was established via the treatment of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), and the in vitro cell model was also established as mouse chondrocytes were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mouse cartilage injury was assessed using safranin-O-fast green staining, hematoxylin–eosin staining, and OARSI grading method. Expressions of miR-124-3p, MALAT1, KLF5, and CXCL11 were determined. Cartilage injury (MMP-13, osteocalcin), inflammation (IL-6, IL-2, TNF-, IL-1β, and IL-18)- and pyroptosis-related factors (Cleaved Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N) levels were detected. Mechanically, MALAT1 subcellular localization was confirmed. The binding relationships of miR-124-3p and MALAT1 and MALAT1 and KLF5 were verified. MALAT1 half-life period was detected. Then, miR-124-3p was overexpressed using agomiR-124-3p to perform the rescue experiments with oe-MALAT1 or oe-CXCL11. Results miR-124-3p was downregulated in DMM mice and LPS-induced chondrocytes where cartilage injury, and increased levels of inflammation- and pyroptosis-related factors were found. miR-124-3p overexpression relieved cartilage injury and repressed chondrocyte pyroptosis. miR-124-3p bounds to MALAT1 to downregulate its stability and expression, and MALAT1 bounds to KLF5 to enhance CXCL11 transcription. Overexpression of MALAT1 or CXCL11 annulled the repressive function of miR-124-3p in chondrocyte pyroptosis. Conclusion miR-124-3p reduced MALAT1 stability and inhibited the binding of MALAT1 and KLF5 to downregulate CXCL11, thereby suppressing chondrocyte pyroptosis and cartilage injury in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigbat Rozi
- Department of Fourth Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Ürümqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Department of Fourth Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Ürümqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Rong
- Department of Fourth Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Ürümqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingbo Chen
- Department of Fourth Orthopedics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No. 116, Huanghe Road, Ürümqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chwastek J, Kędziora M, Borczyk M, Korostyński M, Starowicz K. Inflammation-Driven Secretion Potential Is Upregulated in Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911817. [PMID: 36233118 PMCID: PMC9570304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint pathologies and a major cause of disability among the population of developed countries. It manifests as a gradual degeneration of the cartilage and subchondral part of the bone, leading to joint damage. Recent studies indicate that not only the cells that make up the articular cartilage but also the synoviocytes, which build the membrane surrounding the joint, contribute to the development of OA. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the response to inflammatory factors of osteoarthritic synoviocytes and to identify proteins secreted by them that may influence the progression of OA. This study demonstrated that fibroblast-like synoviocytes of OA patients (FLS-OA) respond more strongly to pro-inflammatory stimulation than cells obtained from control patients (FLS). These changes were observed at the transcriptome level and subsequently confirmed by protein analysis. FLS-OA stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors [such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were shown to secrete significantly more chemokines (CXCL6, CXCL10, and CXCL16) and growth factors [angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)] than control cells. Moreover, the translation of proteolytic enzymes [matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), cathepsin K (CTSK), and cathepsin S (CTSS)] by FLS-OA is increased under inflammatory conditions. Our data indicate that the FLS of OA patients are functionally altered, resulting in an enhanced response to the presence of pro-inflammatory factors in the environment, manifested by the increased production of the previously mentioned proteins, which may promote further disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chwastek
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kędziora
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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19
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Leng L, Yuan Z, Pan R, Su X, Wang H, Xue J, Zhuang K, Gao J, Chen Z, Lin H, Xie W, Li H, Chen Z, Ren K, Zhang X, Wang W, Jin ZB, Wu S, Wang X, Yuan Z, Xu H, Chow HM, Zhang J. Microglial hexokinase 2 deficiency increases ATP generation through lipid metabolism leading to β-amyloid clearance. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1287-1305. [PMID: 36203054 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during phagocytosis to clear neurotoxic β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the contribution of energy metabolism to microglial function in AD remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hexokinase 2 (HK2) is elevated in microglia from an AD mouse model (5xFAD) and AD patients. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of HK2 significantly promotes microglial phagocytosis, lowers the amyloid plaque burden and attenuates cognitive impairment in male AD mice. Notably, the ATP level is dramatically increased in HK2-deficient or inactive microglia, which can be attributed to a marked upregulation in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression and subsequent increase in lipid metabolism. We further show that two downstream metabolites of HK2, glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, can reverse HK2-deficiency-induced upregulation of LPL, thus supporting ATP production and microglial phagocytosis. Our findings uncover a crucial role for HK2 in phagocytosis through regulation of microglial energy metabolism, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for AD by targeting HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Leng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Ziqi Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruiyuan Pan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhenlei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Keke Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medcial University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medcial University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medcial University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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20
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Xu Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Liu Y, Cui L, Wang F. Glycolysis in Innate Immune Cells Contributes to Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920029. [PMID: 35844594 PMCID: PMC9284233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) refer to connective tissue inflammation caused by aberrant autoantibodies resulting from dysfunctional immune surveillance. Most of the current treatments for AIDs use non-selective immunosuppressive agents. Although these therapies successfully control the disease process, patients experience significant side effects, particularly an increased risk of infection. There is a great need to study the pathogenesis of AIDs to facilitate the development of selective inhibitors for inflammatory signaling to overcome the limitations of traditional therapies. Immune cells alter their predominant metabolic profile from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis in AIDs. This metabolic reprogramming, known to occur in adaptive immune cells, i.e., B and T lymphocytes, is critical to the pathogenesis of connective tissue inflammation. At the cellular level, this metabolic switch involves multiple signaling molecules, including serine–threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Although glycolysis is less efficient than mitochondrial respiration in terms of ATP production, immune cells can promote disease progression by enhancing glycolysis to satisfy cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that active glycolytic metabolism may also account for the cellular physiology of innate immune cells in AIDs. However, the mechanism by which glycolysis affects innate immunity and participates in the pathogenesis of AIDs remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms, including key enzymes, signaling pathways, and inflammatory factors, that could explain the relationship between glycolysis and the pro-inflammatory phenotype of innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Additionally, we summarize the impact of glycolysis on the pathophysiological processes of AIDs, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and ankylosing spondylitis, and discuss potential therapeutic targets. The discovery that immune cell metabolism characterized by glycolysis may regulate inflammation broadens the avenues for treating AIDs by modulating immune cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liyan Cui, ; Fang Wang,
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liyan Cui, ; Fang Wang,
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21
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Torres A, Pedersen B, Cobo I, Ai R, Coras R, Murillo-Saich J, Nygaard G, Sanchez-Lopez E, Murphy A, Wang W, Firestein GS, Guma M. Epigenetic Regulation of Nutrient Transporters in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1159-1171. [PMID: 35128827 PMCID: PMC9246826 DOI: 10.1002/art.42077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since previous studies indicate that metabolism is altered in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), we undertook this study to determine if changes in the genome-wide chromatin and DNA states in genes associated with nutrient transporters could help to identify activated metabolic pathways in RA FLS. METHODS Data from a previous comprehensive epigenomic study in FLS were analyzed to identify differences in genome-wide states and gene transcription between RA and osteoarthritis. We utilized the single nearest genes to regions of interest for pathway analyses. Homer promoter analysis was used to identify enriched motifs for transcription factors. The role of solute carrier transporters and glutamine metabolism dependence in RA FLS was determined by small interfacing RNA knockdown, functional assays, and incubation with CB-839, a glutaminase inhibitor. We performed 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance to quantify metabolites. RESULTS The unbiased pathway analysis demonstrated that solute carrier-mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with differences in at least 4 genome-wide states or gene transcription. Thirty-four transporters of amino acids and other nutrients were associated with a change in at least 4 epigenetic marks. Functional assays revealed that solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) was critical for invasion, and glutamine was sufficient as an alternate source of energy to glucose. Experiments with CB-839 demonstrated decreased RA FLS invasion and proliferation. Finally, we found enrichment of motifs for c-Myc in several nutrient transporters. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that changes in the epigenetic landscape of genes are related to nutrient transporters, and metabolic pathways can be used to identify RA-specific targets, including critical solute carrier transporters, enzymes, and transcription factors, to develop novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roxana Coras
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- VA Medical Center, San Diego, California
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22
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Yi O, Lin Y, Hu M, Hu S, Su Z, Liao J, Liu B, Liu L, Cai X. Lactate metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic intervention with natural compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154048. [PMID: 35316725 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic and systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and hyperplasia of the synovial membrane, the degradation of cartilage, and the erosion of bones in diarthrodial joints. The inflamed joints of patients with RA have been recognized to be a site of hypoxic microenvironment which results in an imbalance of lactate metabolism and the accumulation of lactate. Lactate is no longer considered solely a metabolic waste product of glycolysis, but also a combustion aid in the progression of RA from the early stages of inflammation to the late stages of bone destruction. PURPOSE To review the pathogenic mechanisms of lactate metabolism in RA and investigate the potential of natural compounds for treating RA linked to the regulation of imbalance in lactate metabolism. METHODS Research advances in our understanding of lactate metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA and novel pharmacological approaches of natural compounds by targeting lactate metabolic signaling were comprehensively reviewed and deeply discussed. RESULTS Lactate produced by RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) acts on targeted cells such as T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and osteoclasts, and affects their differentiation, activation and function to accelerate the development of RA. Many natural compounds show therapeutic potential for RA by regulating glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes to limit lactate production, and affecting monocarboxylate transporter and acetyl-CoA carboxylase to inhibit lactate transport and conversion. CONCLUSION Regulation of imbalance in lactate metabolism offers novel therapeutic approaches for RA, and natural compounds capable of targeting lactate metabolic signaling constitute potential candidates for development of drugs RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yi
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Shengtao Hu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhaoli Su
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 030027, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine and Department of Rheumatology of The First Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
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23
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Fearon U, Hanlon MM, Floudas A, Veale DJ. Cellular metabolic adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:398-414. [PMID: 35440762 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of endothelium and immune cells is fundamental to the initiation of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it results in trans-endothelial cell migration and synovial fibroblast proliferation, leading to joint destruction. In RA, the synovial microvasculature is highly dysregulated, resulting in inefficient oxygen perfusion to the synovium, which, along with the high metabolic demands of activated immune and stromal cells, leads to a profoundly hypoxic microenvironment. In inflamed joints, infiltrating immune cells and synovial resident cells have great requirements for energy and nutrients, and they adapt their metabolic profiles to generate sufficient energy to support their highly activated inflammatory states. This shift in metabolic capacity of synovial cells enables them to produce the essential building blocks to support their proliferation, activation and invasiveness. Furthermore, it results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and alteration of redox-sensitive pathways, affecting signalling pathways that further potentiate the inflammatory response. Importantly, the inflamed synovium is a multicellular tissue, with cells differing in their metabolic requirements depending on complex cell-cell interactions, nutrient supply, metabolic intermediates and transcriptional regulation. Therefore, understanding the complex interplay between metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial cells in RA will provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland. .,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Achilleas Floudas
- Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, TCD, Dublin, Ireland.,EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Han DW, Choi YS, Kim HW, Shin S, Ha YJ, Kang EH, Park JW, Park JK, Shin K, Song YW, Lee YJ. Extracellular pyruvate kinase M2 promotes osteoclastogenesis and is associated with radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4024. [PMID: 35256696 PMCID: PMC8901694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular PKM2 (exPKM2) levels have been reported to be increased in several cancers and inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating exPKM2 levels with radiographic progression in RA patients and the effect of exPKM2 on osteoclastogenesis. Plasma and synovial fluid exPKM2 levels were significantly elevated in RA patients. Plasma exPKM2 levels were correlated with RA disease activity and were an independent predictor for radiographic progression in RA patients with a disease duration of ≤ 12 months. CD14+ monocytes but not RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes secreted PKM2 upon stimulation with inflammatory mediators. Recombinant PKM2 (rPKM2) increased the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells and resorption pit in osteoclast precursors, dose-dependently, even in the absence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). rPKM2 treatment upregulated the expression of dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and MMP-9 via the ERK pathway. Although rPKM2 did not directly bind to RAW264.7 cells, extracellular application of pyruvate, the end-product of PKM2, showed effects similar to those seen in rPKM2-induced osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that exPKM2 is a potential regulator of RA-related joint damage and a novel biomarker for subsequent radiographic progression in patients with early-stage RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Han
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Shin
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620 Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kichul Shin
- grid.484628.4 0000 0001 0943 2764Division of Rheumatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beongil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Yu Q, Guo M, Zeng W, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Jiang X, Yu B. Interactions between NLRP3 inflammasome and glycolysis in macrophages: New insights into chronic inflammation pathogenesis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e581. [PMID: 34904398 PMCID: PMC8926505 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages fuels sterile inflammation, which has been tied with metabolic reprogramming characterized by high glycolysis and low oxidative phosphorylation. The key enzymes in glycolysis and glycolysis‐related products can regulate and activate NLRP3 inflammasome. In turn, NLRP3 inflammasome is considered to affect glycolysis, as well. However, the exact mechanism remains ambiguous. On the basis of these findings, the focus of this review is mainly on the developments in our understanding of interaction between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glycolysis in macrophages, and small molecule compounds that influence the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by regulating glycolysis in macrophages. The application of this interaction in the treatment of diseases is also discussed. This paper may yield valuable clues for development of novel therapeutic agent for NLRP3 inflammasome‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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26
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Sandhu G, Thelma BK. New Druggable Targets for Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Insights From Synovial Biology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834247. [PMID: 35265082 PMCID: PMC8899708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of multiple small joints which may lead to systemic complications. Altered immunity via pathogenic autoantibodies pre-date clinical symptom development by several years. Incompletely understood range of mechanisms trigger joint-homing, leading to clinically evident articular disease. Advances in therapeutic approaches and understanding pathogenesis have improved prognosis and likely remission. However, partial/non-response to conventional and biologic therapies witnessed in a subset of patients highlights the need for new therapeutics. It is now evident that joint disease chronicity stems from recalcitrant inflammatory synovial environment, majorly maintained by epigenetically and metabolically reprogrammed synoviocytes. Therefore, interference with effector functions of activated cell types seems a rational strategy to reinstate synovial homeostasis and complement existing anti-inflammatory interventions to mitigate chronic RA. Presenting this newer aspect of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and myeloid cells underlying the altered synovial biology in RA and its potential for identification of new druggable targets is attempted in this review. Major leads from i) molecular insights of pathogenic cell types from hypothesis free OMICS approaches; ii) hierarchy of their dysregulated signaling pathways; and iii) knowledge of druggability of molecular nodes in these pathways are highlighted. Development of such synovial biology-directed therapeutics hold promise for an enriched drug repertoire for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. K. Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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27
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Chu CQ. Highlights of Strategies Targeting Fibroblasts for Novel Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:846300. [PMID: 35252279 PMCID: PMC8891528 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.846300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibroblasts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) play a critical role in perpetuation of chronic inflammation by interaction with immune and inflammatory cells and in cartilage and bone invasion, but current therapies for RA are not directly targeted fibroblasts. Selectively fibroblast targeted therapy has been hampered because of lack of fibroblast specific molecular signature. Recent advancement in technology enabled us to gain insightful information concerning RA synovial fibroblast subpopulations and functions. Exploring fibroblast targeted therapies have been focused on inducing cell death via fibroblast associated proteins; interrupting fibroblast binding to matrix protein; blocking intercellular signaling between fibroblasts and endothelial cells; inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and invasion; promoting cell apoptosis and inducing cellular senescence, and modulating fibroblast glucose metabolism. Translation into clinical studies of these fibroblast targeted strategies is required for evaluation for their clinical application, in particular for combination therapy with current immune component targeted therapies. Here, several strategies of fibroblast targeted therapy are highlighted.
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28
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Zuo J, Tang J, Lu M, Zhou Z, Li Y, Tian H, Liu E, Gao B, Liu T, Shao P. Glycolysis Rate-Limiting Enzymes: Novel Potential Regulators of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779787. [PMID: 34899740 PMCID: PMC8651870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific pathogenesis of RA, a chronic inflammatory disease, remains unclear. However, both key glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes, hexokinase-II (HK-II), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), as well as indirect rate-limiting enzymes, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of RA. In here, we review the latest literature on the pathogenesis of RA, introduce the pathophysiological characteristics of HK-II, PFK-1/PFKFB3, and PKM2 and their expression characteristics in this autoimmune disease, and systematically assess the association between the glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes and RA from a molecular level. Moreover, we highlight HK-II, PFK-1/PFKFB3, and PKM2 as potential targets for the clinical treatment of RA. There is great potential to develop new anti-rheumatic therapies through safe inhibition or overexpression of glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Shao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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José Alcaraz M. New potential therapeutic approaches targeting synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114815. [PMID: 34715065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synovial cells play a key role in joint destruction during chronic inflammation. In particular, activated synovial fibroblasts (SFs) undergo intrinsic alterations leading to an aggressive phenotype mediating cartilage destruction and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent research has revealed a number of targets to control arthritogenic changes in SFs. Therefore, identification of SF phenotypes, control of epigenetic changes, modulation of cellular functions, or regulation of the activity of cation channels and different signaling pathways has been investigated. Although many of these approaches have shown efficacy in vitro and in animal models of RA, further research is needed to select the most relevant targets for drug development. This review is focused on the role of SFs as a potential strategy to discover novel therapeutic targets in RA aimed at preserving joint architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, and Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
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Zhou KL, Zhu ZH, Zhou JP, Zhao JJ, Zhang Y, Jiang B. Increased hexokinase-2 as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and correlating with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26504. [PMID: 34160468 PMCID: PMC8238366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism brings out joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of circulating hexokinase-2 (HK2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.PBMCs were obtained from patients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls (HCs). The expression of HK2 was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Calprotectin, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) antibody level and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were measured. Spearman's analysis was performed to determine the association between the level of HK2 and clinical characteristics. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to evaluate the diagnostic value of HK2 in PBMCs. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Sixty-five RA patients, 35 OA patients, and 40 HCs were included in the study.HK2 was upregulated in RA and OA patients compared with that in HCs (P < .05). The area under the ROC of HK2 for diagnosing RA and OA was 0.808 and 0.640, respectively. In addition, HK2 levels were increased in active RA compared with those in remittent RA (P = .03). Furthermore, HK2 correlated positively with the DAS28-ESR (P < .001), CDAI (P = .02) and SDAI scores (P = .02). Moreover, HK2 was independently associated with an increased risk of disease activity (DAS28-ESR>3.2, P = .02; CDAI score>10, P = .03; SDAI score>11, P = .04). Additionally, HK2 positivity was more frequently detected in patients treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) than in those not treated with bDMARDs.HK2 levels in PBMCs can be considered an ideal biomarker for diagnosing RA and involved in disease activity in RA. Dysregulation of HK2 may participate in the molecular mechanism of RA and could be an attractive selective metabolic target for RA treatment.
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Quiñonez-Flores CM, López-Loeza SM, Pacheco-Tena C, Muñoz-Morales PM, Acosta-Jiménez S, González-Chávez SA. Stability of housekeeping genes in inflamed joints of spontaneous and collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:619-632. [PMID: 33903928 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DBA/1 mice arthritis models have contributed to our understanding of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA) pathogenesis, as well as the exploration of therapeutic targets for treatment. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is an indispensable tool in molecular research, which requires reference gene validation to obtain consistent and reliable results. OBJECTIVE To determine the stability of candidate reference genes for qPCR in the joint of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and spontaneous arthritis (SpAD) DBA/1 mice. METHODS The expression of eleven commonly used reference genes (ACTB, B2M, EF1a, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT, PPIB, RPL13A, SDHA, TBP, and YWHAZ) was assessed by qPCR and the data were compared using delta-Ct methods and the geNorm, NormFinder, and RefFinder software packages. Genes identified as stable in each model were used for the quantification of inflammatory cytokines RESULTS: The gene stabilities differed between the two arthritis models in the DBA/1 mice. EF1a and RPL13A were the best reference genes for SpAD, while RPL13A and TBP were the best for the CIA. These genes allowed the data normalization for the quantification of the inflammatory cytokines in both models; these results showed an increase in the expression of IL-1B, IL-12B, IL-17A, and IL-6 in the inflamed joints. The use of different primer sequences for the same reference gene resulted in different relative quantification values. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that commonly used reference genes may not be suitable for arthritic tissues from DBA/1 mice, and strengthening the principle that meticulous validation of reference genes is essential before each experiment to obtain valid and reproducible qPCR data for analysis or interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia María Quiñonez-Flores
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Salma Marcela López-Loeza
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Perla María Muñoz-Morales
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Samara Acosta-Jiménez
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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Agnihotri P, Monu, Ramani S, Chakraborty D, Saquib M, Biswas S. Differential Metabolome in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Brief Perspective. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:42. [PMID: 33913028 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the synovium that affects the movable joints. It develops due to the infiltration and invasion of the synovial joints by immune cells. Metabolism is anabolic or catabolic chemical reactions occurring in a cell. The biochemical pathways in synovial and immune cells are altered affecting the downstream metabolite formation. Changes in the metabolite levels alter signaling cascades which further intensify the disease. Despite current knowledge of metabolomics, there remain certain features that need to be elucidated to correlate the differential metabolite levels with RA. RECENT FINDINGS Metabolite profiling can be used to find altered patterns of metabolites in RA. Glucose, lipid, amino acid, and estrogen metabolism are the key pathways that are altered and contribute to the aggravation of RA. The altered metabolic pathways involved in different cells in RA results in complex interactions between metabolites and biomacromolecules; thus, it generates autoantigens. Moreover, understanding the correlation between differential metabolites and disease severity might help reveal potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA pathogenesis. So, considering the multi-faceted role of altered metabolites in the pathogenesis of RA, metabolic pathways of different cells are needed to be studied for a better understanding of their functions in the disease and thus, improving the present therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Agnihotri
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Monu
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheetal Ramani
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debolina Chakraborty
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohd Saquib
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Council of Industrial Research (CSIR)-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Koga T, Kawakami A, Tsokos GC. Current insights and future prospects for the pathogenesis and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2021; 225:108680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Aghakhani S, Zerrouk N, Niarakis A. Metabolic Reprogramming of Fibroblasts as Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cancer: Deciphering Key Mechanisms Using Computational Systems Biology Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010035. [PMID: 33374292 PMCID: PMC7795338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, the most abundant cells in the connective tissue, are key modulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. These spindle-shaped cells are capable of synthesizing various extracellular matrix proteins and collagen. They also provide the structural framework (stroma) for tissues and play a pivotal role in the wound healing process. While they are maintainers of the ECM turnover and regulate several physiological processes, they can also undergo transformations responding to certain stimuli and display aggressive phenotypes that contribute to disease pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the metabolic pathways of glucose and highlight metabolic reprogramming as a critical event that contributes to the transition of fibroblasts from quiescent to activated and aggressive cells. We also cover the emerging evidence that allows us to draw parallels between fibroblasts in autoimmune disorders and more specifically in rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. We link the metabolic changes of fibroblasts to the toxic environment created by the disease condition and discuss how targeting of metabolic reprogramming could be employed in the treatment of such diseases. Lastly, we discuss Systems Biology approaches, and more specifically, computational modeling, as a means to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and accelerate the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Aghakhani
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Naouel Zerrouk
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Niarakis
- GenHotel, University of Evry, University of Paris-Saclay, Genopole, 91000 Evry, France; (S.A.); (N.Z.)
- Lifeware Group, Inria Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Jiao Y, Zhang X. Immunometabolic Pathways and Its Therapeutic Implication in Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:55-67. [PMID: 33179144 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized with aberrant immune responses and their respective signaling pathways controlling cell differentiation, death, and survival. Cell metabolism is also an indispensable biochemical process that provides the very fundamental energy and materials. Accumulating evidences implicate that metabolism pathways have critical roles in determining the function of different immune subsets. Mechanisms of how immunometabolism participate in the pathogenesis of AIDs were also under intensive exploration. Here, in this review, we summarize the metabolic features of immune cells in AIDs and also the individual function of immunometabolism pathways, including glucose metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, in the setting of AIDs, mainly focusing on the potential targets for intervention. We also review studies that explore the intervention strategies targeting key molecules of metabolic pathways, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a), in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The highlight of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the status quo of immunometabolism studies in AIDs and the potential translatable drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Difficult and Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing , 100730, China.,State Key Laboratory of Difficult, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing , 100730, China
| | - Yuhao Jiao
- Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Difficult and Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing , 100730, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing , 100730, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Centre, Medical Epigenetics Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Difficult and Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing , 100730, China. .,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Beijing , 100730, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Difficult, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing , 100730, China.
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Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Winterford C, Frame TCM, Ng SS, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Bukali L, Wang Y, Uzonna JE, Kuns RD, Zhang P, Kabat A, Klein Geltink RI, Pearce EJ, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-27 signalling regulates glycolysis in Th1 cells to limit immunopathology during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008994. [PMID: 33049000 PMCID: PMC7584222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is critical for controlling pathogens, but also responsible for symptoms of infectious diseases. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation and can limit development of IFNγ-producing Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells. IL-27 is thought to do this by stimulating IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells, but the underlying mechanisms of these immunoregulatory pathways are not clear. Here we studied the role of IL-27 signalling in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. We found IL-27 signalling was critical for the development of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells during infection. Furthermore, in the absence of IL-27 signalling, there was improved control of parasite growth, but accelerated splenic pathology characterised by the loss of marginal zone macrophages. Critically, we discovered that IL-27 signalling limited glycolysis in Th1 cells during infection that in turn attenuated inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolysis in the absence of IL-27 signalling restricted tissue pathology without compromising anti-parasitic immunity. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which IL-27 mediates immune regulation during disease by regulating cellular metabolism. Infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum are associated with an inflammatory response generated by the host. This is needed to control parasite growth, but also contributes to the symptoms of disease. Consequently, these inflammatory responses need to be tightly regulated. Although we now recognize many of the cells and molecules involved in controlling inflammation, the underlying mechanisms mediating immune regulation are unclear. CD4+ T cells are critical drivers of inflammatory responses during infections and as they progress from a naïve to activated state, the metabolic pathways they use have to change to meet the new energy demands required to proliferate and produce effector molecules. In this study, we discovered that the inflammatory CD4+ T cells needed to control L. donovani infection switch from relying on mitochondrial oxidative pathways to glycolysis. Critically, we found the cytokine IL-27 limited glycolysis in these inflammatory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of IL-27 signaling pathways, these cells expanded more rapidly to better control parasite growth, but also caused increased tissue damage in the spleen. However, pharmacological dampening of glycolysis in inflammatory CD4+ T cells in L. donovani-infected mice lacking IL-27 signaling pathways limited tissue damage without affecting their improved anti-parasitic activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the pathogenic activity of inflammatory CD4+ T cells can be modulated by altering their cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Montes de Oca
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabian de Labastida Rivera
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teija C. M. Frame
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna S. Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Amante
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea L. Edwards
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luzia Bukali
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Kabat
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J. Pearce
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Masoumi M, Mehrabzadeh M, Mahmoudzehi S, Mousavi MJ, Jamalzehi S, Sahebkar A, Karami J. Role of glucose metabolism in aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107064. [PMID: 33039953 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is considerably increased in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at early stages. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) activation and subsequent joint damage are linked with metabolic alterations, especially glucose metabolism. It has been shown that glucose metabolism is elevated in aggressive phenotype of FLS cells. In this regard, glycolytic blockers are able to reduce aggressiveness of the FLS cells resulting in decreased joint damage in various arthritis models. Besides, metabolic changes in immune and non-immune cells such as FLS can provide important targets for therapeutic intervention. Glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) play essential roles in aggressive behavior of FLS cells. It has been documented that the HK2 enzyme is significantly upregulated in RA FLS cells, compared with osteoarthritis (OA) FLS cells. The HK2 is expressed in a few tissues and upregulated in the inflamed synovium of RA patients that makes it a potential target for RA treatment. Furthermore, HK2 has different roles in each cellular compartment, which offers another level of specificity and provides a specific target to reduce deleterious effects of inhibiting the enzyme in RA without affecting glycolysis in normal cells. Thus, targeting the HK2 enzyme might be an attractive potential selective target for arthritis therapy and safer than global glycolysis inhibition. Therefore, this review was aimed to summarize the current knowledge about glucose metabolism of FLS cells and suggest novel biomarkers, which are potential candidates for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabzadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Mahmoudzehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jamalzehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Metabolic reprogramming as a key regulator in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1087-1101. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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39
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Zezina E, Sercan‐Alp O, Herrmann M, Biesemann N. Glucose transporter 1 in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1483. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zezina
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Oezen Sercan‐Alp
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Nadine Biesemann
- Sanofi R&D Immunology and Inflammation Therapeutic Area Type 1/17 Inflammation and Arthritis Cluster, Industriepark Hoechst Frankfurt am Main Germany
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40
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González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, Espino-Solís GP, Vázquez-Contreras JÁ, Pacheco-Tena C. Exercise Exacerbates the Transcriptional Profile of Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Cells 2019; 8:E1493. [PMID: 31766745 PMCID: PMC6952786 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) is recommended for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), but the molecular and biological mechanisms that impact the inflammatory process and joint destruction in RA remain unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of PE on the histological and transcriptional changes in the joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. AIA rats were subjected to PE on a treadmill for eight weeks. The joints were subjected to histological and microarray analysis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by PE in the arthritic rats were obtained from the microarray. The bioinformatic analysis allowed the association of these genes in biological processes and signaling pathways. PE induced the differential expression of 719 genes. The DEGs were significantly associated with pathogenic mechanisms in RA, including HIF-1, VEGF, PI3-Akt, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways, as well as response to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. At a histological level, PE exacerbated joint inflammatory infiltrate and tissue destruction. The PE exacerbated the stressed joint environment aggravating the inflammatory process, the hypoxia, and the oxidative stress, conditions described as detrimental in the RA joints. Research on the effect of PE on the pathogenesis process of RA is still necessary for animal models and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
| | - Celia María Quiñonez-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pavel Espino-Solís
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
| | | | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico; (S.A.G.-C.); (C.P.-T.); (G.P.E.-S.)
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41
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de Oliveira PG, Farinon M, Sanchez-Lopez E, Miyamoto S, Guma M. Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Glucose Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1743. [PMID: 31428089 PMCID: PMC6688519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic studies show that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with metabolic disruption that may be therapeutically targetable. Among them, glucose metabolism and glycolytic intermediaries seem to have an important role in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) phenotype and might contribute to early stage disease pathogenesis. RA FLS are transformed from quiescent to aggressive and metabolically active cells and several works have shown that glucose metabolism is increased in activated FLS. Glycolytic inhibitors reduce not only FLS aggressive phenotype in vitro but also decrease bone and cartilage damage in several murine models of arthritis. Essential glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2) and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB) enzymes, have important roles in FLS behavior. Of interest, HK2 is an inducible enzyme present only in the inflamed rheumatic tissues compared to osteoarthritis synovium. It is a contributor to glucose metabolism that could be selectively targeted without compromising systemic homeostasis as a novel approach for combination therapy independent of systemic immunosuppression. More information about metabolic targets that do not compromise global glucose metabolism in normal cells is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirian Farinon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Can Metabolic Pathways Be Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050753. [PMID: 31137815 PMCID: PMC6572063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic rewiring of tumor cells and immune cells has been viewed as a promising source of novel drug targets. Many of the molecular pathways implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) directly modify synovium metabolism and transform the resident cells, such as the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and the synovial tissue macrophages (STM), toward an overproduction of enzymes, which degrade cartilage and bone, and cytokines, which promote immune cell infiltration. Recent studies have shown metabolic changes in stromal and immune cells from RA patients. Metabolic disruption in the synovium provide the opportunity to use in vivo metabolism-based imaging techniques for patient stratification and to monitor treatment response. In addition, these metabolic changes may be therapeutically targetable. Thus, resetting metabolism of the synovial membrane offers additional opportunities for disease modulation and restoration of homeostasis in RA. In fact, rheumatologists already use the antimetabolite methotrexate, a chemotherapy agent, for the treatment of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Metabolic targets that do not compromise systemic homeostasis or corresponding metabolic functions in normal cells could increase the drug armamentarium in rheumatic diseases for combination therapy independent of systemic immunosuppression. This article summarizes what is known about metabolism in synovial tissue cells and highlights chemotherapies that target metabolism as potential future therapeutic strategies for RA.
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