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Bellissimo MP, Bettermann EL, Tran PH, Crain BH, Ferranti EP, Binongo JN, Hartman TJ, Jones DP, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Physical Fitness but Not Diet Quality Distinguishes Lean and Normal Weight Obese Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1963-1973.e2. [PMID: 33011149 PMCID: PMC7686254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO) have increased cardiometabolic disease and mortality risk, but factors contributing to NWO development are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether diet quality scores and physical fitness levels differed between adults classified as lean, NWO, and overweight-obese. Secondary objectives of the study were to compare clinical biomarkers and food groups and macronutrient intakes between the three groups, and to test for associations between body composition components with diet quality scores and physical fitness levels. DESIGN This is a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional study that included metropolitan university and health care system employees. Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Individuals with a body mass index <25 kg/m2 and body fat >23% for men and >30% for women were classified as having NWO. Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and Mediterranean Diet Score were calculated from Block food frequency questionnaires. Physical fitness was assessed by measuring maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 maximum) during treadmill testing. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING This study included 693 adults (65% women, mean age 48.9 ± 11.5 years) enrolled between 2007 and 2013 in Atlanta, GA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Mediterranean Diet Score diet quality scores and maximal oxygen uptake. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Multiple linear regression analyses with post hoc comparisons were used to investigate group differences in fitness, diet quality, and biomarkers. Regression analyses were also used to examine relationships between diet quality scores and fitness with body composition. RESULTS VO2 maximum was significantly lower in the NWO compared with the lean group (36.2 ± 0.8 mL/min/kg vs 40.2 ± 1.0 mL/min/kg; P < 0.05). Individuals with NWO reported similar diet quality to lean individuals and more favorable Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension scores than individuals with overweight-obesity (P < 0.05). Diet quality scores and physical fitness levels were inversely associated with percent body fat and visceral adipose tissue (P < 0.05), regardless of weight status. Individuals with NWO exhibited higher fasting blood insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than lean individuals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness was significantly decreased in individuals with NWO compared with lean individuals. Higher diet quality was associated with decreased total and visceral fat but did not distinguish individuals with NWO from lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah P. Bellissimo
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika L. Bettermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phong H. Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Crain
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin P. Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson School of Nursing, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose N. Binongo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terryl J. Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R. Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University; Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zhou L, Chen H, Xu Q, Han X, Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao T, Ye L. The effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:391-398. [PMID: 30550969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) can induce lipid metabolic disorder. There was a chronic low level inflammatory response in adipose tissue of patients with lipid metabolic disorder. But the effect of inflammation on lipid metabolic disorder induced by DEHP is unclear. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorder in rats. METHODS Eighty healthy 21-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and administered DEHP by gavage at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/ d for 8 weeks. Morphological changes of adipose tissue, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, LEP, and ADP in rat serum and adipose tissue, the serum TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, the mRNA and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related gene CEBP/β and inflammation-related gene CD68 were measured. RESULTS After exposure to DEHP, the weight of rats in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). And the number of adipose tissue cells in the medium-dose and high-dose DEHP groups increased, with much more macrophage infiltrated. The levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TC in serum and LEP in adipose tissue of rats exposed to 500 mg/kg DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05); while the level of ADP in adipose tissue in rats exposed to DEHP was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in surum and adipose tissue of rats exposed to DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of CEBP/β and CD68 in adipose tissue of rats exposed to DEHP were significantly higher than those in the control group. The TC, LEP and ADP Levels of rats were significantly different among different subgroup of IL-1β and TNF-α, and in high level subgroup, the TC, LEP and ADP Levels were increased. The levels of TC and LEP was increased in high level subgroup of CD68. CONCLUSION DEHP induced more macrophage infiltrated in adipose tissue of rats, promoted the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and the formation of inflammation, and disturbed the normal lipid metabolism and lead to lipid metabolic disorders. What is more, the levels of inflammation were associated with the lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huaiji Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaming Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xin Min Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Sfyri PP, Yuldasheva NY, Tzimou A, Giallourou N, Crispi V, Aburima A, Beltran-Alvarez P, Patel K, Mougios V, Swann JR, Kearney MT, Matsakas A. Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced lesions in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis through the inhibition of Nox2 activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:504-519. [PMID: 30342191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity leading to hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis is recognised to induce morphological and metabolic changes in many tissues. However, hyperlipidaemia can occur in the absence of obesity. The impact of the latter scenario on skeletal muscle and liver is not understood sufficiently. In this regard, we used the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model, an established model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, that does not become obese when subjected to a high-fat diet, to determine the impact of Western-type diet (WD) and ApoE deficiency on skeletal muscle morphological, metabolic and biochemical properties. To establish the potential of therapeutic targets, we further examined the impact of Nox2 pharmacological inhibition on skeletal muscle redox biology. We found ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and the liver, and altered skeletal muscle morphology and intramuscular triacylglycerol fatty acid composition. WD and ApoE deficiency had a detrimental impact in muscle metabolome, followed by perturbed gene expression for fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Importantly, there was enhanced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle and development of liver steatosis, inflammation and oxidative protein modifications. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox2 decreased reactive oxygen species production and protein oxidative modifications in the muscle of ApoE-/- mice subjected to a Western-type diet. This study provides key evidence to better understand the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle in the context of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis and identifies Nox2 as a potential target for attenuating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagona Panagiota Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Tzimou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassili Crispi
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Aburima
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, United Kingdom.
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Khorshidi M, Moini A, Alipoor E, Rezvan N, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Yaseri M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The effects of quercetin supplementation on metabolic and hormonal parameters as well as plasma concentration and gene expression of resistin in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2282-2289. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics; Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS); Tehran Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR; Tehran Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Rezvan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine; AJA University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS); Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics; Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS); Tehran Iran
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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Ma C, Tonks KT, Center JR, Samocha-Bonet D, Greenfield JR. Complex interplay among adiposity, insulin resistance and bone health. Clin Obes 2018; 8:131-139. [PMID: 29334695 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are common public health problems. Paradoxically, while obesity is associated with higher bone density, type 2 diabetic obese individuals have an increased fracture risk. Although obesity and insulin resistance co-exist, some obese individuals remain insulin-sensitive. We suggest that the apparent paradox relating obesity, bone density and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes may be at least partly influenced by differences in bone strength and quality between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive obese individuals. In this review, we focus on the complex interplay between, adiposity, insulin resistance and osteoporotic fracture risk and suggest that this is an important area of study that has implications for individually tailored and targeted treatment to prevent osteoporotic fracture in obese type 2 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - K T Tonks
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - J R Center
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Bone Biology Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Samocha-Bonet
- Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J R Greenfield
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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VEJRAZKOVA D, VANKOVA M, LUKASOVA P, VCELAK J, CIRMANOVA V, HALUZIK M, BENDLOVA B. Specific Metabolic Characteristics of Women With Former Gestational Diabetes: the Importance of Adipose Tissue. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S349-S356. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with a positive history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome later in life. The higher risk of these metabolic complications is closely associated with adipose tissue. In this review, the importance of adipose tissue is discussed in relation to GDM, focusing on both the quantity of fat deposits and the metabolic activity of adipose tissue in particular periods of life: neonatal age, childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy followed by nursing. Preventive measures based on body composition and lifestyle habits with special attention to the beneficial effects of breastfeeding are also discussed.
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Comparison of body composition and adipokine levels between thin and normal‐weight prepubertal children. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ambroszkiewicz J, Gajewska J, Szamotulska K, Rowicka G, Klemarczyk W, Chełchowska M. Comparison of body composition and adipokine levels between thin and normal-weight prepubertal children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:428-435. [PMID: 28157487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thinness can have substantial consequences for child development and health. Adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin, play a significant role in the regulation of important metabolic functions. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between body composition and serum leptin and adiponectin levels in thin and normal-weight children. METHODS The authors examined 100 healthy prepubertal children, who were divided into two subgroups: thin (n=50) and normal-weight children (n=50). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum concentrations of adipokines were determined by immunoenzymatic assays. RESULTS Thin children had a similar body height but significantly lower (p<0.0001) body weight, body mass index, fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content compared with normal-weight children. Serum concentrations of leptin were about 2-fold lower (p<0.0001) in thin vs. normal-weight subjects. Serum levels of total adiponectin, adiponectin multimers, and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) were similar in both groups. The leptin/soluble leptin receptor ratio and leptin/adiponectin ratios were lower (p<0.0001) in thin vs. normal-weight children. In both groups of children, it was found that body composition parameters were positively related with leptin but not with adiponectin levels. Additionally, bone mineral content was positively related with body mass index, fat mass, lean mass, and leptin level in thin and normal-weight children. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal thin children have disturbances in body composition and adipokine profile. Early recognition of thinness and determination of body composition parameters and adipokine levels can be useful in medical and nutritional care of thin children for the optimization of bone mineral accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Institute of Mother and Child, Screening Department, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szamotulska
- Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Rowicka
- Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Nutrition, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Klemarczyk
- Institute of Mother and Child, Department of Nutrition, Warsaw, Poland
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Clamp LD, Hume DJ, Lambert EV, Kroff J. Enhanced insulin sensitivity in successful, long-term weight loss maintainers compared with matched controls with no weight loss history. Nutr Diabetes 2017. [PMID: 28628125 PMCID: PMC5519190 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight gain is associated with deterioration in metabolic health, whereas weight loss improves insulin sensitivity. This study assesses the impact of long-term, successfully maintained weight loss and weight-loss relapse on measures of insulin sensitivity and identifies factors that explain variability in insulin sensitivity. Methods: Women (20–45 years) were recruited into four groups: reduced-overweight/obese (RED, n=15); body mass index (BMI)-matched controls (stable low-weight, n=19), BMI⩽27 kg m−2; relapsed-overweight/obese subjects (REL, n=11); and BMI-matched controls (obese stable weight, n=11), BMI⩾27 kg m−2. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test determined fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin. Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI(0,120)) assessed insulin sensitivity. Anthropometric measurements, fasting resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured. Questionnaires and dietary intake were recorded, and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Results: RED were more insulin sensitive, characterised by lower fasting (P=0.001) and 2 h insulin (P=0.003) levels compared with all other groups. There were no significant differences in dietary intake, sedentary, light and moderate activity, RMR or RQ in the RED compared with the other three groups. % Body weight (BW) lost (P<0.001), % BW regained (P<0.05), body fat %, light activity (P<0.05, only log HOMA), vigorous activity (P<0.05) and RQ (P<0.01) predicted 61.4% and 59.7% of variability in log HOMA and log ISI(0,120), respectively, in multiple linear regression models. Conclusion: This study showed sustained enhanced insulin sensitivity in successful weight loss maintainers compared with BMI-matched controls with no weight loss history. Weight-loss-relapsed individuals were indistinguishable from controls. Weight loss itself was the strongest predictor of improved insulin sensitivity, whereas weight regain significantly predicted reduced insulin sensitivity. Weight-loss maintenance programs are essential to retaining metabolic benefits acquired through weight loss. Being physically active, reducing sedentary behaviour and, in particular, including small amounts of vigorous physical activity significantly predicted improved insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Clamp
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D J Hume
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Kroff
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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VEJRAZKOVA D, LISCHKOVA O, VANKOVA M, STANICKA S, VRBIKOVA J, LUKASOVA P, VCELAK J, VACINOVA G, BENDLOVA B. Distinct Response of Fat and Gastrointestinal Tissue to Glucose in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Physiol Res 2017; 66:283-292. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are distinct pathologies with impaired insulin sensitivity as a common feature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of fat tissue adipokines and gastrointestinal incretins to glucose load in patients diagnosed with one of the two disorders and to compare it with healthy controls. Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed in 77 lean young women: 22 had positive history of GDM, 19 were PCOS patients, and 36 were healthy controls. Hormones were evaluated in fasting and in 60 min intervals during the 3 h oGTT using Bio-Plex ProHuman Diabetes 10-Plex Assay for C-peptide, ghrelin, GIP, GLP1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, total PAI1, resistin, visfatin and Bio-Plex ProHuman Diabetes Adipsin and Adiponectin Assays (Bio-Rad). Despite lean body composition, both PCOS and GDM women were more insulin resistant than controls. Significant postchallenge differences between the GDM and PCOS groups were observed in secretion of adipsin, leptin, glucagon, visfatin, ghrelin, GIP, and also GLP1 with higher levels in GDM. Conversely, PCOS was associated with the highest resistin, C-peptide, and PAI1 levels. Our data suggest that decreased insulin sensitivity observed in lean women with GDM and PCOS is associated with distinct hormonal response of fat and gastrointestinal tissue to glucose load.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. VEJRAZKOVA
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
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