1
|
Chaves AC, Boa Ventura PDV, Pereira MS, da Silva BF, de Carvalho FJN, Costa RA, Lima BP, Maciel WC, Carneiro VA. Preliminary snapshot reveals a relationship between multidrug-resistance and biofilm production among enterobacteriaceae isolated from fecal samples of farm-raised poultry in ceará, Brazil. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106778. [PMID: 38972366 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation by microbial pathogens pose a significant challenge to poultry production systems due to the persistent risk of dissemination and compromise of bird health and productivity. In this context, the study aimed to investigate the occurrence of different multiresistance phenotypes and the biofilm-forming ability of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from broiler chicken excreta in poultry production units in Ceará, Brazil. Samples were collected from three distinct broiler breeding facilities and subjected to isolation, identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypic screening for β-lactamases enzymes, and biofilm formation evaluation. Seventy-one strains were identified, being Escherichia coli (37 %) and Proteus mirabilis (32 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 %), Providencia stuartii (9 %), Klebsiella aerogenes (6 %), Alcaligenes faecalis (4 %), and Salmonella sp. (1 %). A significant proportion (87 %) of multiresistant strains were detected. For the phenotypic evaluation of β-lactamases production, strains with resistance to second and third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were tested. About 4 of 6 and 10 of 26 were positive for inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), respectively. Regarding biofilm formation, it was observed that all MDR strains were capable of forming biofilm. In this sense the potential of these MDR bacteria to develop biofilms becomes a significant concern, representing a real threat to both human and animal health, as biofilms offer stability, antimicrobial protection, and facilitate genetic transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Carvalho Chaves
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Vasconcelos Boa Ventura
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Mainara Saraiva Pereira
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Northeast Network of Biotechnology Program (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Negreiros de Carvalho
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pessoa Lima
- Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - William Cardoso Maciel
- Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Solis MN, Loaiza K, Torres-Elizalde L, Mina I, Šefcová MA, Larrea-Álvarez M. Detecting Class 1 Integrons and Their Variable Regions in Escherichia coli Whole-Genome Sequences Reported from Andean Community Countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38786123 PMCID: PMC11117327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Various genetic elements, including integrons, are known to contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Class 1 integrons have been identified in E. coli isolates and are associated with multidrug resistance in countries of the Andean Community. However, detailed information on the gene cassettes located on the variable regions of integrons is lacking. Here, we investigated the presence and diversity of class 1 integrons, using an in silico approach, in 2533 whole-genome sequences obtained from EnteroBase. IntFinder v1.0 revealed that almost one-third of isolates contained these platforms. Integron-bearing isolates were associated with environmental, food, human, and animal origins reported from all countries under scrutiny. Moreover, they were identified in clones known for their pathogenicity or multidrug resistance. Integrons carried cassettes associated with aminoglycoside (aadA), trimethoprim (dfrA), cephalosporin (blaOXA; blaDHA), and fluoroquinolone (aac(6')-Ib-cr; qnrB) resistance. These platforms showed higher diversity and larger numbers than previously reported. Moreover, integrons carrying more than three cassettes in their variable regions were determined. Monitoring the prevalence and diversity of genetic elements is necessary for recognizing emergent patterns of resistance in pathogenic bacteria, especially in countries where various factors are recognized to favor the selection of resistant microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Nicole Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Karen Loaiza
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lilibeth Torres-Elizalde
- Graduate School Life Sciences and Health (GS LSH), Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Mina
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Yachay-Tech University, Urcuquí 100650, Ecuador
| | - Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Q, Liu S, Lou S, Tu J, Li X, Jin Y, Yin W, Radnaeva LD, Nikitina E, Makhinov AN, Araruna JT, Fedorova IV. Typical antibiotic resistance genes and their association with driving factors in the coastal areas of Yangtze River Estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33198-w. [PMID: 38607491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The massive use of antibiotics has led to the escalation of microbial resistance in aquatic environment, resulting in an increasing concern regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing a serious threat to ecological safety and human health. In this study, surface water samples were collected at eight sampling sites along the Yangtze River Estuary. The seasonal and spatial distribution patterns of 10 antibiotics and target genes in two major classes (sulfonamides and tetracyclines) were analyzed. The findings indicated a high prevalence of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes along the Yangtze River Estuary. Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant seasonal variations in the abundance of all target genes. The accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes in the coastal area of the Yangtze River Estuary can be attributed to the influence of urban instream runoff and the discharge of effluents from wastewater treatment plants. ANISOM analysis indicated significant seasonal differences in the microbial community structure. VPA showed that environmental factors contribute the most to ARG variation. PLS-PM demonstrate that environmental factors and microbial communities pose direct effect to ARG variation. Analysis of driving factors influencing ARGs in this study may shed new insights into the mechanism of the maintenance and propagation of ARGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Lou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbiao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Jin
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Larisa Dorzhievna Radnaeva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Buryatia, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitina
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Buryatia, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sauget M, Atchon AK, Valot B, Garch FE, de Jong A, Moyaert H, Hocquet D. Genome analysis of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella species recovered from healthy and diseased food-producing animals in Europe. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289829. [PMID: 37883425 PMCID: PMC10602299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The animal reservoir of Enterobacterales producing Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases (ESBL) and plasmid-borne cephalosporinases (pAmpC) is a global concern. Using genome data, we analyzed a population of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC-R) recovered from healthy food animals (HA) and diseased food animals (DA) across Europe. Among the isolates collected from HA (n = 4,498) and DA (n = 833) in up to twelve European countries, 62 (1.4%) and 45 (5.4%) were 3GC-R, respectively. The genomes of these 3GC-R 107 isolates were sequenced to identify blaESBL and blaAmpC, sequence types (STs), virulence-associated genes, and Salmonella serovars. We also assessed their population structure using core genome multilocus sequence typing. The 78 3GC-R Escherichia coli originated from poultry (n = 27), swine (n = 26), and cattle (n = 25). Almost all (n = 77; 98.7%) harbored at least one blaESBL or blaAmpC, with blaCTX-M-1 predominating. We identified 51 STs, with ST10 and ST101 being the most frequent. The population of 3GC-R E. coli was polyclonal. The 29 3GC-R Salmonella spp. were mostly retrieved from healthy broiler (96.5%). blaCMY-2 dominated in this population. We found two clusters of CMY-2-producing Salmonella spp. in Germany: one with 15 isolates of S. Heidelberg isolates and another with six S. Minnesota, all of them with blaCMY-2. Our results confirm the low prevalence of 3GC-R E. coli and Salmonella spp. in HA and DA. blaCTX-M-1 was dominating in a highly diverse population of E. coli. 3GC-R E.coli isolated from HA and DA were genetically unrelated, with high clonal diversity suggesting multiple origins of contamination. This contrasted with the clonal population of 3GC-R Salmonella spp. in which blaCMY-2 dominated through two dominant serovars in this collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Sauget
- Service D’hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Alban K. Atchon
- Bioinformatique et Big Data au Service de la Santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- UMR 6249 CNRS Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- Bioinformatique et Big Data au Service de la Santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- UMR 6249 CNRS Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Farid El Garch
- Vétoquinol SA, Global Drug Development Center, Lure, France
- EASSA and VetPath Study Group, CEESA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anno de Jong
- EASSA and VetPath Study Group, CEESA, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- EASSA and VetPath Study Group, CEESA, Brussels, Belgium
- Zoetis Belgium SA, Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Service D’hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
- Bioinformatique et Big Data au Service de la Santé, UFR Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- UMR 6249 CNRS Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhat BA, Mir RA, Qadri H, Dhiman R, Almilaibary A, Alkhanani M, Mir MA. Integrons in the development of antimicrobial resistance: critical review and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231938. [PMID: 37720149 PMCID: PMC10500605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mainly through integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase to the target pathogenic host. Moreover, integrons play a central role in disseminating and assembling genes connected with antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. They exhibit a large and concealed diversity in the natural environment, raising concerns about their potential for comprehensive application in bacterial adaptation. They should be viewed as a dangerous pool of resistance determinants from the "One Health approach." Among the three documented classes of integrons reported viz., class-1, 2, and 3, class 1 has been found frequently associated with AMRs in humans and is a critical genetic element to serve as a target for therapeutics to AMRs through gene silencing or combinatorial therapies. The direct method of screening gene cassettes linked to pathogenesis and resistance harbored by integrons is a novel way to assess human health. In the last decade, they have witnessed surveying the integron-associated gene cassettes associated with increased drug tolerance and rising pathogenicity of human pathogenic microbes. Consequently, we aimed to unravel the structure and functions of integrons and their integration mechanism by understanding horizontal gene transfer from one trophic group to another. Many updates for the gene cassettes harbored by integrons related to resistance and pathogenicity are extensively explored. Additionally, an updated account of the assessment of AMRs and prevailing antibiotic resistance by integrons in humans is grossly detailed-lastly, the estimation of AMR dissemination by employing integrons as potential biomarkers are also highlighted. The current review on integrons will pave the way to clinical understanding for devising a roadmap solution to AMR and pathogenicity. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract displays how integron-aided AMRs to humans: Transposons capture integron gene cassettes to yield high mobility integrons that target res sites of plasmids. These plasmids, in turn, promote the mobility of acquired integrons into diverse bacterial species. The acquisitions of resistant genes are transferred to humans through horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abramova A, Berendonk TU, Bengtsson-Palme J. A global baseline for qPCR-determined antimicrobial resistance gene prevalence across environments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108084. [PMID: 37421899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The environment is an important component in the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Despite that, little effort has been made to monitor AMR outside of clinical and veterinary settings. Partially, this is caused by a lack of comprehensive reference data for the vast majority of environments. To enable monitoring to detect deviations from the normal background resistance levels in the environment, it is necessary to establish a baseline of AMR in a variety of settings. In an attempt to establish this baseline level, we here performed a comprehensive literature survey, identifying 150 scientific papers containing relevant qPCR data on antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in environments associated with potential routes for AMR dissemination. The collected data included 1594 samples distributed across 30 different countries and 12 sample types, in a time span from 2001 to 2020. We found that for most ARGs, the typically reported abundances in human impacted environments fell in an interval from 10-5 to 10-3 copies per 16S rRNA, roughly corresponding to one ARG copy in a thousand bacteria. Altogether these data represent a comprehensive overview of the occurrence and levels of ARGs in different environments, providing background data for risk assessment models within current and future AMR monitoring frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abramova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance research (CARe) in Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas U Berendonk
- Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Johan Bengtsson-Palme
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance research (CARe) in Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
BABINES-OROZCO L, BALBUENA-ALONSO MG, BARRIOS-VILLA E, LOZANO-ZARAIN P, MARTÍNEZ-LAGUNA Y, DEL CARMEN ROCHA-GRACIA R, CORTÉS-CORTÉS G. Antimicrobial resistance in food-associated Escherichia coli in Mexico and Latin America. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:4-12. [PMID: 38188662 PMCID: PMC10767319 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) considers antimicrobial resistance to be one of the critical global public health priorities to address. Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the gut microbiota in humans and animals; however, some strains cause infections and are resistant to antibiotics. One of the most common ways of acquiring pathogenic E. coli strains is through food. This review analyzes multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from food, emphasizing Latin America and Mexico, and the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance determinants among bacteria in different environments and hosts. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from 2015 to 2022 in open access databases and electronic repositories. The prevalence of 11 E. coli pathotypes was described, with diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes being the most frequently associated with foodborne illness in different Latin American countries, highlighting the presence of different antibiotic resistance genes mostly carried by IncF-type plasmids or class 1 integrons. Although the global incidence of foodborne illness is high, there have been few studies in Mexico and Latin America, which highlights the need to generate updated epidemiological data from the "One Health" approach, which allows monitoring of the multidrug-resistance phenomenon in E. coli from a common perspective in the interaction of human, veterinary, and environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena BABINES-OROZCO
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - María Guadalupe BALBUENA-ALONSO
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Edwin BARRIOS-VILLA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias,
Unidad Regional Norte, Campus Caborca, Universidad de Sonora, Col. Eleazar Ortiz C.P.
83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, México
| | - Patricia LOZANO-ZARAIN
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Ygnacio MARTÍNEZ-LAGUNA
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Rosa DEL CARMEN ROCHA-GRACIA
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
| | - Gerardo CORTÉS-CORTÉS
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en
Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de
Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, San Manuel C.P. 72570 Puebla,
México
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology,
University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He X, Xu L, Dai H, Ge M, Zhu J, Fu H, Zhu S, Shao J. Genomic Characteristics of a Multidrug-Resistant ST648 Escherichia coli Isolate Co-Carrying blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M-15 Genes Recovered from a Respiratory Infection in China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3535-3540. [PMID: 37293536 PMCID: PMC10246572 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s415846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales pose a significant threat to global public health, which weakens the effectiveness of most antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study is to present the genomic characteristics of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, which contains both blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M-15 genes, discovered from a respiratory infection in China. Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolate 488 was measured by using the broth microdilution method. The Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platforms were applied to determine the whole-genome sequence of this isolate. De novo assembly of short Illumina reads and long MinION reads were performed by Unicycler. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicon types were determined using the genome sequencing data. Additionally, a pairwise core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) comparison between E. coli 488 and all ST648 E. coli strains retrieved from NCBI GenBank database were conducted using the BacWGSTdb 2.0 server. Results E. coli 488 was resistant to aztreonam, levofloxacin, cefepime, fosfomycin, amikacin, imipenem, cefotaxime, and meropenem. The complete genome sequence of E. coli 488 (belong to ST648) is made up of eleven contigs totaling 5,573,915 bp, including one chromosome and ten plasmids. Eight antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, including blaKPC-2 located in a 46,161 bp IncI1-type plasmid and the blaCTX-M-15 gene situated in the chromosome. Other two E. coli S617-2 and R616-1 isolates, recovered from China in 2018, are the closest relatives of E. coli 488, with only 52 SNPs difference. The genome also contains at least 57 genomic islands and several IS elements. Conclusion Our study reveals the first ST648 E. coli isolate containing both blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M-15 in China. These results could provide valuable insights into the genetic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and transmission dynamics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangdong Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minxia Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jufang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hangyu Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuilong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Xu Q, Lou S, Tu J, Yin W, Li X, Jin Y, Radnaeva LD, Nikitina E, Makhinov AN, Araruna JT, Fedorova IV. Spatiotemporal distributions of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes and microbial communities in the coastal areas of the Yangtze River Estuary. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115025. [PMID: 37216861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, water and sediments were sampled at eight monitoring stations in the coastal areas of the Yangtze River Estuary in summer and autumn 2021. Two sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2), six tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetC, tetX, tetA, tetO, and tetQ), one integrase gene (intI1), 16 S rRNA genes, and microbial communities were examined and analyzed. Most resistance genes showed relatively higher abundance in summer and lower abundance in autumn. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant seasonal variation of some ARGs (7 ARGs in water and 6 ARGs in sediment). River runoff and WWTPs are proven to be the major sources of resistance genes along the Yangtze River Estuary. Significant and positive correlations between intI1 and other ARGs were found in water samples (P < 0.05), implying that intI1 may influence the spread and propagation of resistance genes in aquatic environments. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum along the Yangtze River Estuary, with an average proportion of 41.7%. Redundancy analysis indicated that the ARGs were greatly affected by temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH in estuarine environments. Network analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were the potential host phyla for ARGs in the coastal areas of the Yangtze River Estuary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Liu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Xu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Lou
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbiao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Jin
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Larisa Dorzhievna Radnaeva
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Republic, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitina
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Systems, Baikal Institute of Nature Management of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Republic, Russia
| | | | | | - Irina Viktorovna Fedorova
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, St Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdel-Rahman MAA, Hamed EA, Abdelaty MF, Sorour HK, Badr H, Hassan WM, Shalaby AG, Mohamed AAE, Soliman MA, Roshdy H. Distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis cases in broiler farms of Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:1-11. [PMID: 36855348 PMCID: PMC9967716 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Multidrug resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli has become an increasing concern in poultry farming worldwide. However, E. coli can accumulate resistance genes through gene transfer. The most problematic resistance mechanism in E. coli is the acquisition of genes encoding broad-spectrum β-lactamases, known as extended-spectrum β-lactamases, that confer resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (conferring resistance to quinolones) and mcr-1 genes (conferring resistance to colistin) also contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility and to detect β-lactamase and colistin resistance genes of E. coli isolated from broiler farms in Egypt. Materials and Methods Samples from 938 broiler farms were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. The antimicrobial resistance profile was evaluated using disk diffusion, and several resistance genes were investigated through polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from 675/938 farms (72%) from the pooled internal organs (liver, heart, lung, spleen, and yolk) of broilers. Escherichia coli isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were serotyped into 13 serotypes; the most prevalent serotype was O125 (n = 8). The highest phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles during this period were against ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Escherichia coli was sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. Twenty-eight selected isolates from the most recent 3 years (2018-2020) were found to have MDR, where the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance genes ctx, tem, and shv was 46% and that of mcr-1 was 64%. Integrons were found in 93% of the isolates. Conclusion The study showed a high prevalence of E. coli infection in broiler farms associated with MDR, which has a high public health significance because of its zoonotic relevance. These results strengthen the application of continuous surveillance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt,Corresponding author: Mona A. A. Abdel-Rahman, e-mail: Co-authors: EAH: , MFA: , HKS: , HB: , WMH: , AGS: , AAM: , MAS: , HR:
| | - Engy A. Hamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - May F. Abdelaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K. Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Badr
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Azhar G. Shalaby
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd-Elhalem Mohamed
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba Roshdy
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki P. O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao CX, Su XX, Xu MR, An XL, Su JQ. Uncovering the diversity and contents of gene cassettes in class 1 integrons from the endophytes of raw vegetables. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114282. [PMID: 36371907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogens is threatening human health. Integrons allow bacteria to integrate and express foreign genes, facilitating horizontal transfer of ARGs in environments. Consumption of raw vegetables represents a pathway for human exposure to environmental ARGs. However, few studies have focused on integron-associated ARGs in the endophytes of raw vegetables. Here, based on the approach of qPCR and clone library, we quantified the abundance of integrase genes and analyzed the diversity and contents of resistance gene cassettes in class 1 integrons from the endophytes of six common raw vegetables. The results revealed that integrase genes for class 1 integron were most prevalent compared with class 2 and class 3 integron integrase genes (1-2 order magnitude, P < 0.05). The cucumber endophytes harbored a higher absolute abundance of integrase genes than other vegetables, while the highest bacterial abundance was detected in cabbage and cucumber endophytes. Thirty-two unique resistance gene cassettes were detected, the majority of which were associated with the genes encoding resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside. Antibiotic resistance gene cassettes accounted for 52.5 % of the functionally annotated gene cassettes, and blaTEM-157 and aadA2 were the most frequently detected resistance cassettes. Additionally, carrot endophytes harbored the highest proportion of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes in the class 1 integrons. Collectively, these results provide an in-depth view of acquired resistance genes by integrons in the raw vegetable endophytes and highlight the potential health risk of the transmission of ARGs via the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
| | - Mei-Rong Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Siriphap A, Suwancharoen C, Laenoi W, Kraivuttinun P, Suthienkul O, Prapasawat W. First study on virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from cage, free-range, and organic commercial eggs in Phayao Province, Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2293-2301. [PMID: 36341073 PMCID: PMC9631383 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2293-2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that affects human and animal health, and eggs can act as a vehicle for pathogenic and non-pathogenic resistant bacteria in the food chain. Escherichia coli is an indicator of food contamination with fecal materials as well as the occurrence and levels of AMR. This study aimed to investigate the presence of AMR, integrons, and virulence genes in E. coli isolated from eggshell samples of three egg production systems, from supermarkets in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 750 hen’s egg samples were purchased from supermarkets in Phayao Province: Cage eggs (250), free-range eggs (250), and organic eggs (250). Each sample was soaked in buffered peptone water (BPW), and the BPW samples were incubated at 37°C for 18–24 h. All samples were tested for E. coli by the standard conventional culture method. Then, all identified E. coli were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents by the agar disk diffusion method. All E. coli strains were subsequently found to have virulence genes and Classes 1 and 2 integrons by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Among the eggshell samples, 91 samples were identified as having E. coli (cage eggs, 24 strains; free-range eggs, 27 strains; and organic eggs, 40 strains). Then, among the E. coli strains, 47 (51.6%) were positive for at least one virulence gene. The proportion of AMR in the eggshell samples was 91.2% (83/91), and streptomycin (STR), ampicillin (AMP), and tetracycline (TET) had a high degree of resistance. Among the E. coli strains, 27 (29.7%) strains were positive for class 1 or 2 integrons, and integron-positive strains were commonly found in STR-, AMP-, and TET-resistant strains. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 57.1% (52/91) of the E. coli strains, with STR-AMP-TET (5.5%) as the most frequent pattern. The proportion of MDR in cage eggs was 75.0% (18/24), which was higher than in both free-range and organic eggs. On the other hand, 53.2% (25/47) of E. coli carrying virulence genes had MDR, distributed across the production systems as follows: Cage eggs, 76.9% (10/13); free-range eggs, 63.6% (7/11); and organic eggs, 34.8% (8/23). Conclusion: Escherichia coli was detected in eggshell samples from all three egg production systems. The high level of virulence genes, AMR, and integrons indicated the possibility of dissemination of AMR among pathogenic and commensal E. coli through eggshells. These findings could be a major concern to farmers, food handlers, and consumers, especially regarding raw egg consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Chittakun Suwancharoen
- Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Watchara Laenoi
- Division of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Kraivuttinun
- Program in Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit 53000, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok 10530, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Naziri Z, Poormaleknia M, Ghaedi Oliyaei A. Risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between dogs and their owners. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:203. [PMID: 35624502 PMCID: PMC9137046 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The indiscriminate use and the similarity of prescribed antibiotics especially beta-lactams in human and small animal medicine, along with the close communication between pets and humans, increases the risk of the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements especially integrons, between them. Therefore, we aimed to compare the frequencies of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, major ESBL genes, classes 1 and 2 integrons, and antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from dogs and their owners. Methods The present study was conducted on 144 commensal E. coli isolates from the feces of 28 healthy dog-owner pairs and 16 healthy humans who did not own pets. Phenotypic confirmatory test was used to identify the frequencies of ESBL-producing E. coli. Frequencies of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes, and also classes 1 and 2 integrons were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Resistance against 16 conventional antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion technique. Results ESBL-production status was similar between the E. coli isolates of 71.4% of dog-owner pairs. The E. coli isolates of 75, 60.7, and 85.7% of dog-owner pairs were similar in terms of the presence or absence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes, respectively. The presence or absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons was the same in E. coli isolates of 57.1% of dog-owner pairs. Prevalence of resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was significantly higher in E. coli isolates of dogs than owners, but for other 10 (83.3%) tested antibiotics, no statistically significant difference was found in prevalence of antibiotic resistance between dogs and owners isolates. Furthermore, the antibiotic-resistance profile was the same in the E. coli isolates of 14.3% of dog-owner pairs. Conclusions The results of current research highlight the seriousness of the drug-resistance problem and the need to prevent further increases and spread of antibiotic-resistance to reduce treatment failure. Moreover, relatively similar characteristics of the E. coli isolates of dogs and their owners can show the risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Naziri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Meisam Poormaleknia
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Ghaedi Oliyaei
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghabalo AP, Safarkar R. Monitoring and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water Sources in Ardabil Province of Iran. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2203100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Antibiotic resistance is rapidly spreading among bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which have been discharged into water sources by humans and animals, in part due to genes carried by integrons. The goal of this study was to track and assess the pattern of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from drinking water sources in Iran’s Ardabil province.
Methods:
Escherichia coli strains were isolated and identified using standard biochemical and microbiological techniques from Ardabil province’s water supply sources in 2019 and 2020. The class 1 integron gene was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance and sensitivity.
Results:
The Int I gene was found in 47 out of 200 isolates (23.5%). The antibiotic streptomycin had the highest resistance (100%), whereas gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, tetracycline, cefipime, imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxamide had the lowest resistance. Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, tetracycline, cefipime, imipenem, meropenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, on the other hand, had the highest sensitivity of 100%, while streptomycin had the lowest (0%). Also, the highest level of pollution of Escherichia coli in drinking water supply sources in the province is in Parsabad city (42.86%), and the lowest level of pollution is in Kosar city (6.67%).
Conclusion:
According to the findings of this study, the high prevalence of Escherichia coli strains resistant to the antibiotic streptomycin circulating in water sources should be considered a major problem in terms of antibiotic resistance spreading among bacteria in water.
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Marri T, Al-Marri A, Al-Zanbaqi R, Ajmi AA, Fayez M. Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from backyard poultry farms. Vet World 2022; 14:2869-2877. [PMID: 35017833 PMCID: PMC8743762 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2869-2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Backyard chicken flocks have traditionally been regarded as an essential food source in developed countries; however, they may act as reservoirs and spread various zoonotic bacterial pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic resistance, biofilm formation (BF), and pathotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from backyard poultry farms. Materials and Methods: Cloacal swabs (n=150) and internal organs (n=150) were collected from 30 backyard chicken flocks; 20 of them were experiencing systemic infection, and the other ten were apparently healthy. Samples were bacteriologically examined for E. coli isolation. Isolates were identified biochemically by the VITEK® 2 COMPACT system (BioMérieux, France). For molecular identification, 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced. Ten antimicrobials were selected for E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each antimicrobial was determined. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity in isolates was investigated using cephalosporin/clavulanate combination disks. The ability of isolates for BF was determined by the microtiter plate method. Thirteen virulence genes linked to different E. coli pathotypes and two serotype-related genes were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eighty-six E. coli strains were isolated from 30 backyard chicken flocks. The isolates were biochemically identified to the species level. Genetically, sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showed >98% identity with E. coli in the National Center for Biological Information database. The frequency of isolation from diseased flocks was significantly higher (p<0.05) than apparently healthy flocks; 63.9% of the isolates were recovered from cloacal swabs and 36.04% were recovered from internal organs. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (AMP; 75.6%), gentamicin (39.5%), and tetracycline (29.1%). However, none of the isolates were resistant to imipenem. A variable drug resistance profile for E. coli isolates was reported. Twenty-one (24.4%) isolates were sensitive to all ten antimicrobials. Seven (8.1%) isolates were resistant only to AMP, and 28 (32.6%) were resistant to two antimicrobials, whereas the remaining 30 (34.9%) isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 86 isolates, 8 (9.3%) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli by the combination disk diffusion method. All ESBL isolates were MDR with an MDR index of 0.5-0.6. Fifty-seven (66.3%) isolates were capable of forming biofilms; 22 (25.6%) of them were strong biofilm producers, 24 (27.9%) moderate producers, and 11 (12.8%) weak producers. A statistically significant pairwise correlation was obtained for MDR versus BF (r=0.512) and MDR index versus BF (r=0.556). Based on virulence gene profiles, five pathotypes were identified, including enteropathogenic E. coli (39.5%), avian pathogenic E. coli (32.53%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC; 9.3%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 5.8%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC; 1.2%). The lower frequency of EAEC and ETEC was statistically significant than other pathotypes. Three isolates were identified as O157 based on the detection of the rbfO157 gene. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of MDR, suggesting the misuse of antimicrobials in backyard chicken farms. The emergence of ESBL and EHEC isolates in backyard chickens is a public health concern. Furthermore, the backyard flocks environment may harbor different pathogenic bacteria that may enhance the persistence of infection and the transmission to in-contact humans. Regular monitoring for the occurrence of MDR and the zoonotic pathotypes among E. coli in backyard chicken flocks is recommended, as these bacteria can transmit to humans through food products or contaminated environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theeb Al-Marri
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Al-Marri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Resources, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reham Al-Zanbaqi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory , Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al Ajmi
- The Central Laboratories for Veterinary, Agriculture, and Fisheries, East Amghara 21422, State of Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Mesquita Souza Saraiva M, Lim K, do Monte DFM, Givisiez PEN, Alves LBR, de Freitas Neto OC, Kariuki S, Júnior AB, de Oliveira CJB, Gebreyes WA. Antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain: a One Health perspective applied to the poultry industry. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:465-486. [PMID: 34775576 PMCID: PMC8590523 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major global public health crisis. The food animal industry will face escalating challenges to increase productivity while minimizing AMR, since the global demand for animal protein has been continuously increasing and food animals play a key role in the global food supply, particularly broiler chickens. As chicken products are sources of low-cost, high-quality protein, poultry production is an important economic driver for livelihood and survival in developed and developing regions. The globalization of the food supply, markedly in the poultry industry, is aligned to the globalization of the whole modern society, with an unprecedented exchange of goods and services, and transit of human populations among regions and countries. Considering the increasing threat posed by AMR, human civilization is faced with a complex, multifaceted problem compromising its future. Actions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance are needed in all sectors of the society at the human, animal, and environmental levels. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance in the globalized food chain, using the poultry sector as a model. We cover critical aspects of the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the poultry industry and their implications to public health in a global perspective. Finally, we provide current insights using the multidisciplinary One Health approach to mitigate AMR at the human-animal-environment interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Lim
- Veterinary Health Management Branch, National Parks Board, 6 Perahu Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Farias Marinho do Monte
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Emília Naves Givisiez
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bocchini Rodrigues Alves
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angelo Berchieri Júnior
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology, and One Health, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil.,Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Salam LB, Obayori OS, Ilori MO, Amund OO. Impact of spent engine oil contamination on the antibiotic resistome of a tropical agricultural soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1251-1271. [PMID: 33993436 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Profiling of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is becoming increasingly important due to emerging realities of their preponderance in hydrocarbon-inundated matrices. In this study, the antibiotic resistome of an agricultural soil (1S) and agricultural soil contaminated with spent engine oil (AB1) were evaluated via functional annotation of the open reading frames (ORFs) of their metagenomes using the comprehensive antibiotic database (CARD) and KEGG KofamKOALA. CARD analysis of AB1 metagenome revealed the detection of 24 AMR (antimicrobial resistance) gene families, 66 ARGs, and the preponderance (69.7%) of ARGs responsible for antibiotic efflux in AB1 metagenome. CARD analysis of 1S metagenome revealed four AMR gene families and five ARGs. Functional annotation of the two metagenomes using KofamKOALA showed 171 ARGs in AB1 and 29 ARGs in 1S, respectively. Majority of the detected ARGs in AB1 (121; 70.8%) and 1S (16; 55.2%) using KofamKOALA are responsible for antibiotic efflux while ARGs for other resistance mechanisms were also detected. All the five major antibiotic efflux pump systems were detected in AB1 metagenome, though majority of the ARGs for antibiotic efflux belong to the RND (resistance-nodulation-cell division) and MFS (major facilitator superfamily) efflux systems. Significant differences observed in the ARGs recovered from 1S and AB1 metagenomes were statistically validated (P < 0.05). SEO contamination is believed to be responsible for ARGs increase in AB1 metagenome via mechanisms of cross-resistance especially with efflux pumps. The detection of these ARGs is of great public health concern in this era of multidrug resistant isolates resurgence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Babatunde Salam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Summit University, Offa, Kwara, Nigeria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hossain S, Heo GJ. Detection of Antimicrobial and Heavy-Metal Resistance Genes in Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Hard-Shelled Mussel ( Mytilus Coruscus). Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:127-135. [PMID: 34297616 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) is a popular seafood in South Korea because of its delicacy and high nutritional value. Our study aimed to identify antimicrobial and heavy-metal resistance determinants in Aeromonas isolates from marketed hard-shelled mussel in South Korea. A total of 33 Aeromonas species were isolated, and antimicrobial disk diffusion test was done to observe antimicrobial resistance patterns. In addition, broth microdilution test was performed to determine resistance to heavy-metals. PCR amplification was done to detect resistance genes. High resistance to amoxicillin (100.0%), ampicillin (93.9%), rifampicin (78.8%), and cephalothin (48.5%) was observed where least resistance to other antimicrobials was also detected. In addition, the isolates showed high resistance to cadmium (Cd) (57.6%), and 42.4% and 27.3% were resistant to chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu). The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes, such as blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tetB, tetE, and intI1 genes, was observed in 9 (27.3%), 8 (24.2%), 8 (24.2%), 6 (18.2%), 5 (15.2%), and 9 (27.3%) isolates, respectively. Also, heavy-metal resistance genes, czcA, copA, and merA were detected in 17 (51.5%), 11 (33.3%), and 7 (21.2%) of the isolates, respectively. The results suggest that mussels are a reservoir of multidrug and heavy-metal-resistant Aeromonas spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hossain
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kalantari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Asasi K, Abdi-Hachesoo B. High incidence of multidrug resistance and class 1 and 2 integrons in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in South of Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:101-107. [PMID: 33953880 PMCID: PMC8094138 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.96366.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the multidrug resistance and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in 300 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 20 broiler farms during three rearing periods (one-day-old chicks, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter) in Fars, South Iran. Results showed that 81.00%, 82.00%, and 85.00% of isolates were multidrug-resistant on the first day, thirty-day-old chickens, and one day before slaughter, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were further examined for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons using PCR assay. The existence of class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) was confirmed in 68.40%, 72.70%, and 60.90% of multidrug-resistant isolates from stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 of the rearing period, respectively. The frequency of class 2 integron-integrase gene (intI2) during the first to the third stage of sampling was 2.60%, 25.50%, and 30.40%. Also, sequence analysis of the cassette arrays within class 1 integron revealed the presence of the genes associated with resistance for trimethoprim (dfrA), streptomycin (aadA), erythromycin (ereA), and orfF genes. The results revealed that percentages of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates were significantly higher in the middle and end stages of the rearing period. In conclusion, widespread dissemination of class 1 integrons in all three stages and rising trends of class 2 integrons existence in E. coli isolates during the rearing period of broiler chickens could exacerbate the spread of resistance factors among bacteria in the poultry industry. Future research is needed to clarify its implication for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keramat Asasi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shafiq M, Huang J, Shah JM, Ali I, Rahman SU, Wang L. Characterization and resistant determinants linked to mobile elements of ESBL-producing and mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli recovered from the chicken origin. Microb Pathog 2021; 150:104722. [PMID: 33421607 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli is a complex process linked with various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, transposons, and integrons. This study aimed to determine the co-occurrence of ESBL and mcr-1 and their physical linkage with MGEs in E. coli. E. coli strains of chicken origin were obtained from different commercial farms of eastern China from 2010 to 2011. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing, identification of different antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and prevalence and evidence involvement of integrons, ISEcp1, ISCR1, and ISApl1, were determined. A multiplex PCR was used to detect virulence genes and the phylogenetic clustering of isolates. Conjugation experiments, plasmid replicon typing were performed to know the transferability of ARGs and MGEs. A total of 83.33% of isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The incidence rate of blaCTX-M, blaSHV,blaTEM, and mcr-1 was found to be 30%, 10.95%, 8.09%, and 36.66%, respectively. The most prevalent combination was noticed for mcr-1 and blaCTX-M 73%, whereas the most prominent blaCTX-M alleles found, were blaCTX-M-55 46%, followed by blaCTX-M-14 31%, and blaCTX-M-15 13%. The frequency of ISEcp1, ISCR1, ISApl1, and int1 was 27.77%, 53.70%, 51.85%, and 70.37% respectively. Most β-lactamases, especially blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM, were associated with ISEcp1, ISCR1, and Integron 1, whereas the ISAPl1-mcr-1 segment was observed in mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates. Phylogrouping revealed that group A was the most predominant phylotype, whereas the common virulence genes detected in these isolates were EHEC, EAEC, and EPEC. Conjugation assay also indicated that multiple genetic elements were involved; common plasmids identified were FIB 61.11%, followed by IncHI2 48.14%, and FrepB 33.33%. Propagation of such MDR strains carrying multiple resistance elements among the bacterial population is a threat of worry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jan Mohammad Shah
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ilyas Ali
- College of Animal Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Redweik GAJ, Jochum J, Mellata M. Live Bacterial Prophylactics in Modern Poultry. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:592312. [PMID: 33195630 PMCID: PMC7655978 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.592312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry farms frequently use live bacterial prophylactics like vaccines and probiotics to prevent bacterial infections. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in poultry animals, a closer examination into the health benefits and limitations of commercial, live prophylactics as an alternative to antibiotics is urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the peer-reviewed literature of several commercial live bacterial vaccines and probiotics. Per our estimation, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed published research regarding these products, making repeatability, product-comparison, and understanding biological mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, we briefly-outline significant issues such as probiotic-label accuracy, lack of commercially available live bacterial vaccines for major poultry-related bacteria such as Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens, as well research gaps (i.e., probiotic-mediated vaccine adjuvancy, gut-brain-microbiota axis). Increased emphasis on these areas would open several avenues for research, ranging from improving protection against bacterial pathogens to using these prophylactics to modulate animal behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. J. Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jared Jochum
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alaali Z, Bin Thani AS. Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in the Middle East: Environmental and health care retrospectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140089. [PMID: 32559543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest worldwide challenging problems that associates with high morbidity and mortality rates. The resistance of bacteria to various antibiotic classes results in difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by those bacteria. This paper highlights and provides a critical overview of observational and experimental studies investigating the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in different environments in Middle East countries and the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire and spread resistance. The data of this research considered the published papers within the last ten years (2010-2020) and was carried out using PubMed. A total of 66 articles were selected in this review. This review covered studies done on antibiotic resistant bacteria found in a wide range of environments including foods, animals, groundwater, aquatic environments as well as industrial and hospital wastewater. They acquire and achieve their resistance through several mechanisms such as antibiotic resistant genes, efflux pumps and enzymatic reactions. However, the dissemination and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is affected by several factors like anthropogenic, domestic, inappropriate use of antibiotics and the expulsion of wastewater containing antibiotic residues to the environments. Therefore, it is important to increase the awareness regarding these activities and their effect on the environment and eventually on health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alaali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain.
| | - Ali Salman Bin Thani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Sakhir 976, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarwar A, Ahmad I, Amin A, Saleem MA. Paper currency harbours antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and integron integrase. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1721-1729. [PMID: 32966644 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to analyse the prevalence of class 1 and class 2 integron integrase genes among antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria isolated from paper currency circulating in Pakistan. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 500 individual currency notes were collected from different food vending sites at Lahore, Pakistan. Bacterial population were identified by biochemical and PCR techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion assay. The highest bacterial population on currency was found from street vendors and butcher shops. Escherichia coli was found to be the most prevalent coliform bacteria followed by Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance gene showed the presence of ampC, blaTEM , blaNDM-1 , qnrA, tet(A) and tet(B) genes among coliform isolates. A total of 47 integron integrase bearing strains of coliform bacteria were analysed. Sequence analysis showed the presence of dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, aadA1, aadA4 cassette arrays in class 1 integron and dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 in class 2 integrase genes. CONCLUSION Circulating currency was heavily contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant coliform bacteria bearing class 1 and class 2 integron integrase genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study describes a potential threat of severe bacterial infections due to improper hand hygiene and community sanitation when dealing with the currency notes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sarwar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Amin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M A Saleem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molecular Screening of β-glucuronidase and Class 1 Integron of Escherichia coli from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-eat food products procured from different roadside shops in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu were screened for Escherichia coli. A total of 500 samples from 250 vegetable and 250 meat products were collected from different hotels, restaurants and street food vendors in Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu. Out of 500 ready-to-eat food samples, 162 (32.4%) E. coli strains were isolated. The ready-to-eat meat products had higher bacterial count than the vegetable food samples collected due to unhygienic handling, improper storage, inadequate temperature to maintain processed meat and improper cooking. Biochemically identified E. coli colonies were screened for housekeeping gene uidA and 139 (85.8%) E. coli isolates were confirmed to possess β-glucuronidase activity. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed using 12 antibiotics. From 139 E. coli strains, 96 (69.1%) isolates showed multidrug resistance. Among them, 16.7% showed 100% resistance to all the antibiotics tested. Whereas, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates showed increased resistance (75.9%) to streptomycin followed by 70-50% level of resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycycline, co-trimoxazole, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Furthermore, drug resistant E. coli isolates 56 (58.3%) were detected with the presence of intI1. The source of contamination was found to be water and human handling. Drinking water supply from corporation might have been contaminated with fecal waste source is being discharged into Cauvery river which might disseminate horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Esperón F, Albero B, Ugarte-Ruíz M, Domínguez L, Carballo M, Tadeo JL, Del Mar Delgado M, Moreno MÁ, de la Torre A. Assessing the benefits of composting poultry manure in reducing antimicrobial residues, pathogenic bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes: a field-scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27738-27749. [PMID: 32399873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poultry industry in the European Union produces 13 million tons of manure annually, which represents a major health and environmental challenge. Composting is an environmental-friendly technique for the management of manure, but there are few studies about antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances at a field scale. The goal of this study was to determine if the composting of poultry manure at a field scale would result in the reduction of antibiotic residues, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the final fertilizer product. A 10-week composting of poultry manure spiked with enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin was performed. The determination of antibiotics residues and 22 selected ARGs was carried out together with the identification of bacteria by metagenomics. In the case of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, a 90% decrease was observed after composting for 3 weeks. Sixteen ARGs were detected at the beginning of the experiment; 12 of them decreased from week 0 to week 10 (reduction of 73.7-99.99%). The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as, Campylobacter coli or commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli decreases along the composting process. In conclusion, 10-week composting of poultry manure promotes the reduction of antibiotic residues and most of the ARGs and pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Esperón
- Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Albero
- Department of Environment and Agronomy (INIA), Ctra La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ugarte-Ruíz
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Ada. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Carballo
- Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Tadeo
- Department of Environment and Agronomy (INIA), Ctra La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Delgado
- Department of Environment and Agronomy (INIA), Ctra La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Ada. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de la Torre
- Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA), Ctra Algete a El Casar s/n, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karimi Dehkordi M, Halaji M, Nouri S. Prevalence of class 1 integron in Escherichia coli isolated from animal sources in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:16. [PMID: 32280298 PMCID: PMC7137206 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among the genetic elements, integrons may contribute to the widespread incidence and spreading of antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates. Accordingly, this review aims to investigate the prevalence of class 1 integron in E. coli isolated from animal sources in Iran. Methods This systematic literature search was performed from January 1, 2000 to the end of May 1, 2019. Then, publications that met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis. Also, the quality of included studies was independently assessed by two researchers based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-analysis was performed by the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software using the random effects model, Cochran’s Q, and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test. Results Based on inclusion criteria, five studies were included to meta-analysis. From those studies, the pooled prevalence of integrons was 33% (95% CI, 23.8–43.7%) ranging from 23.8 to 52.4%. There was a significant heterogeneity among the 5 studies (χ2 = 11.73; p < 0.019; I2 = 65.91%). Additionally, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to quantitatively evaluate the publication biases. According to the results of Begg’s test (z = 1.22, p = 0.22) and Egger’s test (t = 3.03, p = 0.056), a significant publication bias was not observed. Conclusions Our finding revealed the relatively high prevalence of class 1 integrons among E. coli isolates. Moreover, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies and subgroup analysis also showed that there was no difference about prevalence of class 1 integrons among different sample source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi Dehkordi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- 2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samereh Nouri
- 3Department of Microbiology, Clinical Laboratory of Al Zahra Medical Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anes J, Nguyen SV, Eshwar AK, McCabe E, Macori G, Hurley D, Lehner A, Fanning S. Molecular characterisation of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli of bovine origin. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108566. [PMID: 32122581 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance reported in bacteria of animal origin is considered a major challenge to veterinary public health. In this study, the genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of twelve Escherichia coli isolates of bovine origin is reported. Twelve bacterial isolates of animal origin were selected from a previous study based on their multidrug resistant (MDR) profile. Efflux pump activity was measured using ethidium bromide (EtBr) and the biofilm forming ability of the individual strains was assessed using a number of phenotypic assays. All isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and a number of isolates expressed resistance to fluoroquinolones which was also confirmed in silico by the presence of these resistance markers. Amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining regions were identified in all isolates and the presence of several siderophores were also noted. Whole genomesequence (WGS) data showed different STs that were not associated with epidemic STs or virulent clonal complexes. Seven isolates formed biofilms in minimal media with some isolates showing better adaptation at 25 °C while others at 37 °C. The capacity to efflux EtBr was found to be high in 4 isolates and impaired in 4 others. The pathogenicity of three selected isolates was assessed in zebrafish embryo infection models, revealing isolates CFS0355 and CFS0356 as highly pathogenic. These results highlight the application of NGS technologies combined with phenotypic assays in providing a better understanding of E. coli of bovine origin and their adaptation to this niche environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Anes
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Scott V Nguyen
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland.
| | - Athmanya K Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evonne McCabe
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Guerrino Macori
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Daniel Hurley
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Science Centre South, Room S1.05, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahumada-Santos YP, Báez-Flores ME, Díaz-Camacho SP, Uribe-Beltrán MDJ, Eslava-Campos CA, Parra-Unda JR, Delgado-Vargas F. Association of phylogenetic distribution and presence of integrons with multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates from children with diarrhoea. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:767-772. [PMID: 31859055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli strains include both commensal and virulent clones distributed in different phylogenetic groups. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious public health threat at the global level and integrons are important mobile genetic elements involved in resistance dissemination. This paper aims to determine the phylogenetic groups and presence of class 1 (intl1) and 2 (intl2) integrons in E. coli clinical isolates from children with diarrhoea, and to associate these characteristics with their antimicrobial resistance. METHODS Phylogeny and presence of integrons (intl1 and intl2) were analysed by PCR and amplicon sequencing in 70 E. coli isolates from children with and without diarrhoea (35 of each group) from Sinaloa, Mexico; these variables were analysed for correlation with the antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates. RESULTS The most frequent phylogroups were A (42.9%) and B2 (15.7%). The E. coli isolates from children with diarrhoea were distributed in all phylogroups; while strains from children without diarrhoea were absent from phylogroups C, E, and clade I. The 17.1% of the isolates carried integrons (15.7% intI1 and 1.4% intI2); 28.6% of the isolates from children with diarrhoea showed the class 1 integron. Strains of phylogroup A showed the highest frequency of integrons (33.3%). The association of multidrug resistance and the presence of integrons was identified in 58.3% of strains isolated from children with diarrhoea included in phylogroups A and B2. The sequence analysis of intl1 and intl2 showed silent point mutations and similarities with plasmids of some APEC and AIEC strains. CONCLUSION Commensal E. coli strains are potential disseminators of antimicrobial resistance, and the improvement in the use of antimicrobials to treat childhood diarrhoea is essential for the control of such resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesmi Patricia Ahumada-Santos
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - María Elena Báez-Flores
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Sylvia Páz Díaz-Camacho
- Research Unit in Environment and Health, Autonomous University of Occident, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Eslava-Campos
- School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Hemato Oncology and Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez 06720, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesús Ricardo Parra-Unda
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado-Vargas
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hossain S, Wickramanayake MVKS, Dahanayake PS, Heo GJ. Occurrence of Virulence and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Determinants in Vibrio spp. Isolated from Marketed Hard-Shelled Mussel ( Mytilus coruscus). Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:391-401. [PMID: 31596685 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties in Vibrio spp. isolated from hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) marketed in Korea. A total of 32 Vibrio spp. isolates including Vibrio diabolicus (n = 16), Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 13), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 2), and Vibrio harveyi (n = 1) were identified by gyrB gene sequencing. Every isolate grouped with their respective reference sequence excluding V. diabolicus and V. alginolyticus that were intermixed in a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. Every Vibrio spp. showed DNase and gelatinase activities. Phospholipase, slime, caseinase, lipase, β-hemolysis, and α-hemolysis were positive in 31 (96.8%), 31 (96.8%), 29 (93.5%), 28 (87.5%), 17 (53.1%), and 9 (28.1%) isolates, respectively. The PCR amplification of virulence genes displayed that V. alginolyticus-specific (toxR, tlh, VAC, and VPI) genes were detected in 23 (71.9%), 18 (56.3%), 21 (65.6%), and 26 (81.3%) isolates, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus-specific (toxR and tlh) genes were harbored by 2 (6.3%) and 2 (6.3%) isolates, respectively. The other virulence genes including ctxAB and hupO genes were observed in 23 (71.9%) and 16 (50.0%) isolates, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance was prevalent for amoxicillin (100.0%), ampicillin (100.0%), and streptomycin (37.5%) in disk diffusion test. Multiple antimicrobial resistance index ranged from 0.09 to 0.22. The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, blaCTX, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA were detected in 28 (87.5%), 13 (40.6%), 7 (21.8%), and 1 (3.1%) isolates, respectively. Non-ESBLs such as streptomycin resistance (strA.B), kanamycin resistance (aphA-IAB), and tetracycline resistance (tetE) genes were found in 5 (15.6%), 3 (9.4%), and 1 (3.1%) isolates. Class 1 integron-related Integrase 1 (intI1) gene was found in 8 (25.0%) isolates. Our results reveal that the consumption of raw mussels may cause a potential public health risks owing to the virulent and antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Pasan Sepala Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qiu J, Jiang Z, Ju Z, Zhao X, Yang J, Guo H, Sun S. Molecular and Phenotypic Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Farmed Minks in Zhucheng, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3917841. [PMID: 31346516 PMCID: PMC6620841 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3917841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence, phenotypes, and clonal relationships of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from minks were investigated. In July 2017, a total of 62 fresh faecal swab samples were randomly collected from one large-scale mink farm in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, China. In all the samples, 50 E. coli strains were isolated and then assigned to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility test, detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and the Class 1 integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Four pathogenic serotypes were identified among all the isolates, while the most common serotype was enterohemorrhagic E. coli O104:H4 (6.0 %). Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that most isolates were susceptible to cefoxitin (96.0 %) and amikacin (82.0 %), while most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (92.0 %) and tetracycline (90.0 %). An analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that 7 isolates (14.0%) carried 4 types of Class 1 integron cassette, including dfrA27+aadA2+qnrA (57.1%), dfrA17+aadA5 (14.3%), dfrA12+aadA2 (14.3%), and dfrA1+aadA1 (14.3%). PCR screening showed that 14 antibiotic resistance genes were presented in 50 isolates, while the most prevalent resistance gene was qnrS, which was detected in 60.0 % of isolates, followed by sul2 (40.0%) and oqxA (38.0%). MLST analysis showed that 32 sequence types (STs) were identified, while ST46 was the predominant genotype among all isolates. Clonal complex 3 (CC3) was dominant. Compared with 340 human E. coli STs reported in China, the ST10 clonal complex, known as the largest human clonal complex, was also found in the 50 mink E. coli isolates. Meanwhile, mink-derived strain ST206 formed a new clonal complex, CC206, which was different from human ST strains. Our results showed that farmed minks could be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli with Class 1 integron cassettes and resistance genes, which were likely to pose a threat to public health. Therefore, continuous inspections and monitoring of E. coli in minks are essential for detecting and controlling emerging E. coli with different serovars as well as antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hossain S, De Silva BCJ, Wickramanayake MVKS, Dahanayake PS, Wimalasena SHMP, Heo GJ. Incidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:2-10. [PMID: 30980564 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas sp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria which are associated with various diseases in ornamental fish, aquaculture raised species and wild fisheries. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of 52 guppy-borne Aeromonas sp. were examined. The isolates were identified as A. veronii (n = 34), A. dhakensis (n = 10), A. hydrophila (n = 3), A. caviae (n = 3) and A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) by gyrB gene sequencing. Every isolate was resistant to at least four antimicrobials in disc diffusion test. The resistance to amoxicillin, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline was 100% among the tested isolates. 92·30, 76·92, 71·15, 51·92, 51·92 and 50·00% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin, imipenem, cephalothin, tetracycline and trimethoprim respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged from 0·28 to 0·67. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes implied the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tetA (65·39%), tetE (25·00%) and tetB (15·38%)), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS (26·92%) and qnrB (17·31%)) and aminoglycoside resistance (aphaAI-IAB (7·69%) and aac (6')-Ib (3·84%)) genes in the isolates. The IntI gene was positive for 36·54% of the isolates and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (aadA2, qacE2-orfD, aadA2-catB2 and dfrA12-aadA2) were identified. These data suggest that ornamental guppy can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. which comprise different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antimicrobial resistance genes and integron gene cassettes of ornamental fish-borne aeromonads are poorly studied. The antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy were characterized for the first time in Korea. The incidence of different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed in multidrug-resistant Aeromonas isolates. This result suggests that better management practices are necessary to prevent and address the serious consequences of indiscriminate and inappropriate antimicrobial use, and the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - B C J De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - P S Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S H M P Wimalasena
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
López-Ochoa AJ, Sánchez-Alonso P, Vázquez-Cruz C, Horta-Valerdi G, Negrete-Abascal E, Vaca-Pacheco S, Mejía R, Pérez-Márquez M. Molecular and genetic characterization of the pOV plasmid from Pasteurella multocida and construction of an integration vector for Gallibacterium anatis. Plasmid 2019; 103:45-52. [PMID: 31022414 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pOV plasmid isolated from the Pasteurella multocida strain PMOV is a new plasmid, and its molecular characterization is important for determining its gene content and its replicative properties in Pasteurellaceae family bacteria. METHODS Antimicrobial resistance mediated by the pOV plasmid was tested in bacteria. Purified pOV plasmid DNA was used to transform E. coli DH5α and Gallibacterium anatis 12656-12, including the pBluescript II KS(-) plasmid DNA as a control for genetic transformation. The pOV plasmid was digested with EcoRI for cloning fragments into the pBluescript II KS(-) vector to obtain constructs and to determine the full DNA sequence of pOV. RESULTS The pOV plasmid is 13.5 kb in size; confers sulfonamide, streptomycin and ampicillin resistance to P. multocida PMOV; and can transform E. coli DH5α and G. anatis 12656-12. The pOV plasmid was digested for the preparation of chimeric constructs and used to transform E. coli DH5α, conferring resistance to streptomycin (plasmid pSEP3), ampicillin (pSEP4) and sulfonamide (pSEP5) on the bacteria; however, similar to pBluescript II KS(-), the chimeric plasmids did not transform G. anatis 12656-12. A 1.4 kb fragment of the streptomycin cassette from pSEP3 was amplified by PCR and used to construct pSEP7, which in turn was used to interrupt a chromosomal DNA locus of G. anatis by double homologous recombination, introducing strA-strB into the G. anatis chromosome. CONCLUSION The pOV plasmid is a wide-range, low-copy-number plasmid that is able to replicate in some gamma-proteobacteria. Part of this plasmid was integrated into the G. anatis 12656-12 chromosome. This construct may prove to be a useful tool for genetic studies of G. anatis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jaqueline López-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Patricia Sánchez-Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Candelario Vázquez-Cruz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México.
| | - Guillermo Horta-Valerdi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue, México
| | - Erasmo Negrete-Abascal
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
| | - Sergio Vaca-Pacheco
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
| | - Ricardo Mejía
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo de México 54090, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fu L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yan X, Yang X, Zhang L, Li Y, Wang G, Zhao K, Zhou Y. Co-carrying of KPC-2, NDM-5, CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-65 in three plasmids with serotype O89: H10 Escherichia coli strain belonging to the ST2 clone in China. Microb Pathog 2018; 128:1-6. [PMID: 30576714 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains as a new serious threat for the public health have been increasingly reported worldwide. In this study, one multi-resistant Escherichia coli strain ZSH6 which co-carried blaKPC-2, blaNDM-5 and blaCTX-M, was isolated from human blood sample. By using plasmid conjugation experiments, ZSH6 was found to harbor three plasmids carrying the blaNDM-5 gene, the blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M gene, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of ZSH6 yielded 122 scaffolds of chromosomal DNA and three circular plasmids including pZSH6-blaKPC-2 (46,319 bp), pZSH6-blaNDM-5 (46,161bp) and pZSH6-blaCTX-M (184,723). The isolate was classified to Sequence Type 2 and to the O89: H10 serotype. The results of genome analyses revealed that ZSH6 carried three virulence factors (capU, gad and iss) and twenty resistance genes [blaKPC-2blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-65, blaTEM-1, floR, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA17, aadA5, sul1, mdf(A), mph(A), erm(B), aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-Iva, aac(3)-IId]. Therefore, the co-existence of such a large number of resistance genes in multiple plasmids making ZSH6 highly resistant to almost all kinds of commonly used antibiotics, and brings a serious challenge for resistance control and clinical treatment of infections caused by this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; The People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangjing Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyou Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kelei Zhao
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610052, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo H, Xue S, Nasir M, Lv J, Gu J. Role of Bentonite on the Mobility of Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Microbial Community in Oxytetracycline and Cadmium Contaminated Soil. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2722. [PMID: 30546348 PMCID: PMC6279858 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of bentonite (BT), a commonly used heavy metal deactivator, on the ARGs and microbial communities in soils and lettuce systems contaminated by heavy metals and antibiotics are unclear. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of BT on the mobility of antibiotic resistance genes in oxytetracycline and cadmium contaminated soil. Results showed that the addition of BT reduced the accumulation of OTC and ARGs in the soil and lettuce roots, but increased the abundance of ARGs in lettuce leaves, and increase the risk of human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) transferring to lettuce leaves. Redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors (OTC, H2O, SOM, and pH) were the dominant factors that influence the distribution of ARGs and intI1. Network analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major host bacteria which caused changes in ARGs and intI1. There were significant positive correlations between ermX and ermQ, and a large number of HPB. The co-occurrence of intl1 with some ARGs (tetC, tetG, ermQ, sul1, and sul2), may threaten human health due to the dispersion of ARGs via horizontal gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuhong Xue
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Mubasher Nasir
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jialong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-Environment in Northwest China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Traglia G, Chiem K, Quinn B, Fernandez JS, Montaña S, Almuzara M, Mussi MA, Tolmasky ME, Iriarte A, Centrón D, Ramírez MS. Genome sequence analysis of an extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii indigo-pigmented strain depicts evidence of increase genome plasticity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16961. [PMID: 30446709 PMCID: PMC6240043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen that shows an outstanding ability to undergo genetic exchange, thereby acquiring different traits that contribute to its success. In this work, we identified genetic features of an indigo-pigmented A. baumannii strain (Ab33405) that belongs to the clonal complex CC113B/CC79P. Ab33405 possesses a high number of genes coding for antibiotic resistance and virulence factors that may contribute to its survival, not only in the human host, but also in the hospital environment. Thirteen genes conferring resistance to different antibiotic families (trimethoprim, florfenicol, β-lactams, aminoglycosides and sulfonamide) as well as the adeIJK genes and the capsule locus (KL) and outer core locus (OCL) were identified. Ab33405 includes 250 unique genes and a significant number of elements associated with Horizontal Gene Transfer, such as insertion sequences and transposons, genomic islands and prophage sequences. Also, the indigo-pigmented uncommon phenotype that could be associated with the monooxygenase or dioxygenase enzyme coded for by the iacA gene within the iac cluster was probably conferred by insertion of a 18-kb DNA fragment into the iacG gene belonging to this cluster. The Ab33405 genome includes all type VI secretion system genes and killing assays showed the ability of Ab33045 to kill Escherichia coli. In addition, Ab33405 can modulate susceptibility antibiotics when exposed to blue light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- German Traglia
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Brettni Quinn
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Fernandez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Montaña
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Almuzara
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Mussi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI- CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Andres Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Dpto. de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Ramírez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zou W, Li C, Yang X, Wang Y, Cheng G, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Cai R, Huang Q, Feng L, Wang H, Li D, Zhang G, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Frequency of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in China. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
Yang X, Zou W, Zeng J, Xie S, An T, Luo X, Chen D, Feng L, Cheng G, Cai R, Huang Q, Wang H. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integron gene cassettes in Escherichia coli isolated from yaks (Poephagus grunniens) in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:274-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
Chainier D, Barraud O, Masson G, Couve-Deacon E, François B, Couquet CY, Ploy MC. Integron Digestive Carriage in Human and Cattle: A "One Health" Cultivation-Independent Approach. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1891. [PMID: 29021787 PMCID: PMC5624303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue that requires the adoption of a "One-Health" approach promoting integration of human and animal health. Besides culture-dependent techniques frequently used for AMR surveillance, cultivation-independent methods can give additional insights into the diversity and reservoir of AMR genetic determinants. Integrons are molecular markers that can provide overall and reliable estimation of AMR dissemination. In this study, considering the "One-Health" approach, we have analyzed the integron digestive carriage from stools of humans and cattle living in a same area and exposed to different antibiotic selection pressures. Methods: Three collections of human [general population (GP) and intensive care unit patients (ICUs)] and bovine (BOV) stool samples were analyzed. The three main classes of integrons were detected using a multiplex qPCR both from total DNA extracted from stools, and from Gram-negative bacteria obtained by culture after an enrichment step. Results: With the cultivation-independent approach, integron carriage was 43.8, 52.7, and 65.6% for GP, ICU, and BOV respectively, percentages being at least twofold higher to those obtained with the cultivation-dependent approach. Class 1 integrons were the most prevalent; class 2 integrons seemed more associated to cattle than to humans; no class 3 integron was detected. The integron carriage was not significantly different between GP and ICU populations according to the antibiotic consumption, whatever the approach. Conclusion: The cultivation-independent approach constitutes a complementary exploratory method to investigate the integron digestive carriage of humans and bovines, notably within subjects under antibiotic treatment. The high frequency of carriage of integrons in the gut is of clinical significance, integrons being able to easily acquire and exchange resistant genes under antibiotic selective pressure and so leading to the dissemination of resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Barraud
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Geoffrey Masson
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Bruno François
- INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, Université Limoges, Limoges, France.,INSERM, CIC1435, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Claude-Yves Couquet
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses et de Recherches de la Haute-Vienne, Limoges, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nhung NT, Chansiripornchai N, Carrique-Mas JJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:126. [PMID: 28848739 PMCID: PMC5554362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a source of resistant bacteria/genes (including zoonotic bacteria) that may represent a risk to human health. Here we reviewed data on AMR in 12 poultry pathogens, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella Pullorum/Gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Gallibacterium anatis, Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Riemerella anatipestifer. A number of studies have demonstrated increases in resistance over time for S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, M. gallisepticum, and G. anatis. Among Enterobacteriaceae, APEC isolates displayed considerably higher levels of AMR compared with S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, with prevalence of resistance over >80% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline across studies. Among the Gram-negative, non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, ORT had the highest levels of phenotypic resistance with median levels of AMR against co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, and ceftiofur all exceeding 50%. In contrast, levels of resistance among P. multocida isolates were less than 20% for all antimicrobials. The study highlights considerable disparities in methodologies, as well as in criteria for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and result interpretation. It is necessary to increase efforts to harmonize testing practices, and to promote free access to data on AMR in order to improve treatment guidelines as well as to monitor the evolution of AMR in poultry bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Oliveira-Pinto C, Diamantino C, Oliveira PL, Reis MP, Costa PS, Paiva MC, Nardi RMD, Magalhães PP, Chartone-Souza E, Nascimento AMA. Occurrence and characterization of class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli from healthy individuals and those with urinary infection. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:577-583. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Oliveira-Pinto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Diamantino
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia L Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magna C Paiva
- Campus Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Regina M. D Nardi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula P Magalhães
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edmar Chartone-Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa M. A Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Class 1 integrons are low-cost structures in Escherichia coli. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1535-1544. [PMID: 28387772 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Resistance integrons are bacterial genetic platforms that can capture and express antibiotic resistance genes embedded within gene cassettes. The capture and shuffling of gene cassettes are mediated by the integrase IntI, the expression of which is regulated by the SOS response in Escherichia coli. Gene cassettes are expressed from a common Pc promoter. Despite the clinical and environmental relevance of integrons, the selective forces responsible for their evolution and maintenance are poorly understood. Here, we conducted pairwise competition experiments in order to assess the fitness cost of class 1 integrons in E. coli. We found that integrons are low-cost structures and that their cost is further reduced by their tight regulation. We show that the SOS response prevents the expression of costly integrases whose cost is activity dependent. Thus, when an integron is repressed, its cost depends mostly on the expression of its gene cassettes array and increases with Pc strength and the number of cassettes in the array. Furthermore, different cassettes have different costs. Lastly, we showed that subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations promoted the selection of integron-carrying bacteria, especially those with a strong Pc promoter. These results provide new insights into the evolutionary dynamics of integron-carrying bacterial populations.
Collapse
|