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Zhang L, Zhou L, Gong W, Jiang G, Bao D, Manor B, Zhou J. The effects of six weeks of combined balance and plyometric training on postural control performance in elite badminton players: A pilot randomized, controlled study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34080. [PMID: 39100444 PMCID: PMC11296016 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The athletic performance in badminton players largely depends on the capability of dynamic postural control to quickly restore balance when performing high-paced movements (e.g., frequent single-leg jumps). Our aim was to examine the effects of a novel intervention that combines balance training on an unstable surface and plyometric training on the performance of restoring balance after jumping, as well as related postural control in elite badminton players. Methods Sixteen elite male badminton players were randomly allocated to either a combined balance and plyometric training group (CT, n = 8) or a plyometric training group (PT, n = 8). The CT group participated in a six-week training program, which included three training sessions per week. Each session comprised 40 min of plyometric exercises and 20 min of balance training. The PT group underwent plyometric training using the identical protocol as that of the CT group. All participants underwent identical technical training in badminton throughout the duration of the study. At baseline and immediately after the intervention, participants completed a single-leg jumping test. The capacity to restore balance was evaluated using the time to stabilization (TTS) after landing; and the related center of pressure (COP) fluctuations were also recorded. The effect of intervention was examined by two-way repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results The primary two-way repeated-measures ANOVA models showed no significant interactions between group and time on either the time to stability in the dominant leg (D-TTS) or the time to stability in the non-dominant leg (N-TTS) (p > 0.70). Significant main effects of time, group, and their interactions on dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (D-COPAP) (time: p = 0.001; group: p = 0.001; interaction: p = 0.014), non-dominant legs of the anterior-posterior displacement difference (N-COPAP) (time: p < 0.001; group: p = 0.003; interaction: p = 0.021) and non-dominant legs of the medial-lateral displacement difference (N-COPML) (time: p < 0.001; group: p < 0.001; interaction: p = 0.026), that is, compared to baseline of both groups and post PT, the COP metrics were significantly reduced after CT. Secondarily, within the CT and PT group, after the intervention, the N-TTS (CT: p = 0.001, post: 0.58 ± 0.87; PT: p = 0.03, post: 0.71 ± 0.11) was significantly decreased compared to baseline (CT pre: 0.76 ± 0.16; PT pre: 0.88 ± 0.13). Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that, compared to PT-only, the 6-week CT which combines balance training induced comparable improvements in the capacity to restoring balance after landing from a single-leg jump, and significantly improved the postural control performance as measured by COP metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Limingfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangcheng Gong
- School of Physical Education, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Guole Jiang
- National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410072, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Brad Manor
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew Senior Life Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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Muehlbauer T, Eckardt L, Höptner L, Hill MW. Effect of low versus high balance training complexity on balance performance in male adolescents. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:149. [PMID: 38807232 PMCID: PMC11135006 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to determine the effects of low (i.e., balance task only) versus high (i.e., balance task combined with an additional motor task like dribbling a basketball) balance training complexity (6 weeks of training consisting of 2 × 30 min balance exercises per week) on measures of static and dynamic balance in 44 healthy male adolescents (mean age: 13.3 ± 1.6 years). RESULTS Irrespective of balance training complexity, significant medium- to large-sized pretest to posttest improvements were detected for static (i.e., One-Legged Stance test, stance time [s], 0.001 < p ≤ 0.008) and dynamic (i.e., 3-m Beam Walking Backward test, steps [n], 0.001 < p ≤ 0.002; Y-Balance-Test-Lower-Quarter, reach distance [cm], 0.001 < p ≤ 0.003) balance performance. Further, in all but one comparison (i.e., stance time with eyes opened on foam ground) no group × test interactions were found. These results imply that balance training is effective to improve static and dynamic measures of balance in healthy male adolescents, but the effectiveness seems unaffected by the applied level of balance training complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Lucas Eckardt
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Höptner
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathew W Hill
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Jouira G, Borji R, Waer FB, Srihi S, Rebai H, Sahli S. Impact of neuromuscular training including balance, strength and plyometric exercises on static and dynamic balance in high-level male runners with mild intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13211. [PMID: 38382556 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the impact of neuromuscular training (NMT) on static and dynamic postural balance (PB) among high-level male runners with intellectual disability. METHOD Twenty-seven runners were randomly assigned to a NMT group and a control group who maintained their conventional training. Static and dynamic PB were assessed using the centre of pressure (CoP) excursions (in bipedal and unipedal stances under open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions) and the star excursion balance test (SEBT), respectively, at pre-training and post-training. RESULTS The NMT group showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CoP values and increased SEBT scores at post-training compared to pre-training. The switch from OE to CE did not affect static PB in the bipedal stance, only in the NMT group. CONCLUSIONS The NMT was effective in improving static and dynamic PB in runners with intellectual disability. The NMT could reduce visual dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Borji
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Selim Srihi
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization (LR09SEP01), National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Segear S, Chheang V, Baron L, Li J, Kim K, Barmaki RL. Visual Feedback and Guided Balance Training in an Immersive Virtual Reality Environment for Lower Extremity Rehabilitation. COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS 2024; 119:103880. [PMID: 38645661 PMCID: PMC11031187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Balance training is essential for physical rehabilitation procedures, as it can improve functional mobility and enhance cognitive coordination. However, conventional balance training methods may have limitations in terms of motivation, real-time objective feedback, and personalization, which a virtual reality (VR) setup may better provide. In this work, we present an immersive VR training environment for lower extremity balance rehabilitation with real-time guidance and feedback. The VR training environment immerses the user in a 3D ice rink model where a virtual coach (agent) leads them through a series of balance poses, and the user controls a trainee avatar with their own movements. We developed two coaching styles: positive-reinforcement and autonomous-supportive, and two viewpoints of the trainee avatar: first-person and third-person. The proposed environment was evaluated in a user study with healthy, non-clinical participants (n = 16, 24.4 ± 5.7 years old, 9 females). Our results show that participants showed stronger performance in the positive-reinforcement style compared to the autonomous-supportive style. Additionally, in the third-person viewpoint, the participants exhibited more stability in the positive-reinforcement style compared to the autonomous-supportive style. For viewpoint, participants exhibited stronger performance in the first-person viewpoint compared to third-person in the autonomous-supportive style, while they were comparable in the positive-reinforcement style. We observed no significant effects on the foot height and number of mistakes. Furthermore, we report the analysis of user performance with balance training poses and subjective measures based on questionnaires to assess the user experience, usability, and task load. The proposed VR balance training could offer an interactive, adaptive, and engaging environment and open new potential research directions for lower extremity rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Segear
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Vuthea Chheang
- Center of Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Baron
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jicheng Li
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kangsoo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roghayeh Leila Barmaki
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Petrea RG, Moraru CE, Popovici IM, Știrbu IC, Radu LE, Chirazi M, Rus CM, Oprean A, Rusu O. Influences of Psychomotor Behaviors on Learning Swimming Styles in 6-9-Year-Old Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1339. [PMID: 37628338 PMCID: PMC10453054 DOI: 10.3390/children10081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the existence of some relationships between certain psychomotor behaviors, which we consider specific to swimming, and learning to execute the technique of some swimming styles (front crawl and backstroke). The study was carried out for 10 months and included 76 children (40 boys and 36 girls) aged between 6 and 9 years who practice recreational swimming in a city in Romania. Several tools were used: the Tapping test for manual dexterity, the Goodenough test for body schema, the Flamingo test for static balance, and the horizontal buoyancy test for body balance on the water. The results indicated better ratings on all psychomotor behaviors analyzed according to gender (in favor of girls compared to boys). The levels of all analyzed psychomotor behaviors have a direct relationship to the subjects' age. Also, we identified moderate positive correlations for manual dexterity (rs = 0.63 in the front crawl style; rs = 0.57 in the backstroke style) and strong correlations for body schema, static balance and buoyancy, coordination with the learning of the two swimming styles (r or rs between 0.77 and 0.85). In conclusion, psychomotor behaviors can be predictors for learning swimming styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oana Rusu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 507184 Iași, Romania; (R.-G.P.); (C.-E.M.); (I.-M.P.); (I.-C.Ș.); (L.-E.R.); (M.C.); (C.-M.R.); (A.O.)
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Lambrich J, Muehlbauer T. Effects of athletic training on physical fitness and stroke velocity in healthy youth and adult tennis players: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1061087. [PMID: 36704261 PMCID: PMC9872018 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Better physical fitness and stroke velocity in healthy elite compared to sub-elite tennis players have been shown in previous studies. However, evidence-based knowledge regarding the effectiveness of athletic training on physical fitness and stroke velocity is currently lacking. Thus, the objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to characterize, aggregate, and quantify athletic training effects on measures of physical fitness and stroke velocity in healthy youth and adult tennis players. A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SportDiscus from their inception date to August 2022. Studies were included, among others, if the intervention period lasted a minimum of four weeks and if at least one parameter of physical fitness (i.e., speed, agility, lower-extremity muscle power, upper-extremity muscle power/strength, endurance, balance, flexibility) or stroke performance (i.e., stroke velocity) was tested. Initially, 11,511 articles were identified, after removing duplicates and assessing abstracts and full texts, 24 articles were used to calculate weighted standardized mean differences (SMD). For measures of physical fitness, athletic training resulted in small (speed: SMD = 0.44), moderate (endurance: SMD = 0.61, upper-extremity muscle power: SMD = 0.72; flexibility: SMD = 0.63), and large (agility: SMD = 0.93, lower-extremity muscle power: SMD = 0.88; upper-extremity muscle strength: SMD = 0.90; balance: SMD = 0.88) effects. Further, a large effect (SMD = 0.90) on stroke velocity was detected. The additionally performed sub-analyses showed differences in the effectiveness of athletic training on variables of physical fitness and stroke speed when considering players' age (i.e., youth players: <18 years; adult players: ≥18 years). Precisely, there was a high potential for training-related adaptations in adult players with respect to lower-extremity muscle power, upper-extremity muscle strength, and stroke velocity and in youth players with respect to endurance. Interventions to promote physical fitness and stroke velocity in healthy tennis players revealed varying levels of effectiveness ranging from small to large and these were additionally affected by players' age. Therefore, future studies should investigate modalities to increase training efficacy in youth and adult tennis players, especially for fitness components that showed small- to moderate-sized changes.
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Effect of balance training on static and dynamic balance performance in male adolescents: role of training frequency. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:365. [PMID: 36503678 PMCID: PMC9743712 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies reported significant improvements in static and dynamic balance performance following balance training during adolescence. However, it is unclear how equal training volume but different training frequencies per week affect training-induced adaptations. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of balance training frequency (i.e., 2 × 30 min per week or 3 × 20 min per week) on measures of static and dynamic balance in healthy male adolescents. RESULTS Irrespective of balance training frequency, significant pretest to posttest improvements were detected for static (i.e., One-Legged Stance test, standing time duration) and dynamic (i.e., Lower Quarter Y Balance test, reach distance) balance performance. However, no group × test interactions were found. These results imply that balance training is effective to improve static and dynamic balance performance in healthy male adolescents, but the effectiveness seems unaffected by the applied balance training frequency.
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Muehlbauer T, Brueckner D, Schedler S. Effect of practice on learning a balance task in children, adolescents, and young adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:989645. [PMID: 36275216 PMCID: PMC9584915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A lower developmental stage of the postural control system in childhood compared to adolescence and adulthood was reported in numerous studies and suggests differences (i.e., less improvements in children than in adolescents and young adults due to the immature postural control system) during learning a balance task. Therefore, the present study examined the effect practice on learning (i.e., retention and transfer) a balance task in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults. Methods Healthy children (n = 32, 8.5 ± 0.5 years), adolescents (n = 30, 14.6 ± 0.6 years), and young adults (n = 28, 24.3 ± 3.3 years) practiced balancing on a stabilometer (i.e., to keep the platform as close to horizontal as possible) for 2 days. On the third day, learning was assessed using a retention (i.e., balance task only) and a transfer (i.e., balance task plus concurrent motor interference task) test. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) was calculated and used as outcome measures. Results Over the course of practice, significant improvements (p < 0.001) were detected in favor of children and young adults. However, neither the retention nor the transfer test showed significant group differences. Conclusion Our findings indicate that learning a balance task did not seem to be influenced by the developmental stage of the postural control system.
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Szabo DA, Neagu N, Teodorescu S, Panait CM, Sopa IS. Study on the Influence of Proprioceptive Control versus Visual Control on Reaction Speed, Hand Coordination, and Lower Limb Balance in Young Students 14-15 Years Old. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910356. [PMID: 34639656 PMCID: PMC8508127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Currently, sports activities require a high reaction speed, coordination, and balance, highlighting the relationship between proprioceptive control, visual control, and hand–eye coordination in youth. The present research assessed the proprioceptive control, reaction speed, and lower limb balance of youth from five different schools to identify the level of physical preparation of children in this direction. This prospective study was conducted between 1 January 2020 and 29 February 2020. A total of 107 healthy children (33 females and 74 males) with appropriate medical conditions, aged between 14 and 15 years, from five Romanian schools were included in the experiment. All children were assessed for visual control and reaction speed with the ruler drop test, and for lower limb balance, the standing stork test was used. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, data series distribution, and comparison of means and medians using specific statistical programs. Comparison of medians highlighted significant statistical differences in the standing stork test with eyes closed and the dominant leg compared with the nondominant leg (p = 0.0057). Males were compared to females at the nondominant leg (p = 0.0179); closed eyes were compared with opened eyes for the nondominant leg (p = 0.0175 and 0.0006) for the ruler drop test comparing the dominant hand with the nondominant hand (p = 0.0212). Children who engage in sports activities better integrated sensory information in motor action execution based on reaction speed and coordination with the nondominant hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Alexandru Szabo
- Department ME1—Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolae Neagu
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Silvia Teodorescu
- Department of Doctoral Studies, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Marius Panait
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioan Sabin Sopa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physics, Physical Education and Sports, “Lucian Blaga” University Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania;
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Al Attar WSA, Husain MA. The Effect of Combining Plyometrics Exercises and Balance Exercises in Improving Dynamic Balance among Female College Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PM R 2021; 14:1177-1187. [PMID: 34375501 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plyometrics and balance exercises have been shown to reduce lower limb injury incidence. The effects of combining these exercises on dynamic balance have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plyometrics and balance exercises and a combination of both exercises on postural stability among female athletes compared to those who did not perform any specific exercise (control). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Sports Medicine Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred female athletes aged 21.9±2.4 years were randomly assigned to a plyometrics exercises group (n = 50), a balance exercises group (n = 50), a combination of both exercises group (n = 50), or a control group (n = 50). One hundred seventy-nine female college athletes completed the study. INTERVENTIONS Plyometrics exercises, balance exercises and a combination of both exercises. OUTCOME MEASURES Limits of stability, which was assessed using the Biodex Stability System to assess the performance of the dynamic balance. It was measured pre and post-intervention after six weeks. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline data between groups (p = .557). All groups showed significant improvements in limits of stability (p < .001). The most marked improvement in the limits of stability was shown in the combination group compared to the control group (MD = 4.1 %, 95% CI [2.8, 5.3], p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Combining plyometrics and balance exercises significantly increases the dynamic balance performance post-intervention among female athletes compared to the control group. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Saleh A Al Attar
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamed A Husain
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain
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Schedler S, Leifeld P, Seidel T, Brueckner D, Muehlbauer T. Effects of task difficulty during practice on learning a dynamic balance task in healthy young adults: An intervention study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:235. [PMID: 34134764 PMCID: PMC8210378 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional studies reported increased postural sway during balance tasks with a high (e.g., unipedal stance on foam ground) compared to a low (e.g., unipedal stance on firm ground) level of task difficulty. Therefore, practicing/training balance tasks using high compared to low stimuli seems to be beneficial as it addresses larger adaptive reserves. Thus, the present study was performed to investigate the role of task difficulty during practice on learning a dynamic balance task in healthy young adults. RESULTS During acquisition, both practice groups ("Easy" or "Difficult" task condition) significantly improved their performance (i.e., time in balance). Further, the statistical analysis of post-practice performance revealed a significant main effect of test (i.e., better performance under easy compared to difficult test conditions, irrespective of group) but not of group. Additionally, the Group × Test interaction did not reach the level of significance, indicating that learning a dynamic balance task did not depend on the practiced task condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schedler
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Pascal Leifeld
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Seidel
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Badau D, Badau A, Manolache G, Ene MI, Neofit A, Grosu VT, Tudor V, Sasu R, Moraru R, Moraru L. The Motor Impact of the Static Balance in the Up Plank Position on Three Different Balls in Physical Activities of Physical Education Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042043. [PMID: 33669792 PMCID: PMC7922917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the capacity of stability and motor impact in the development of the balance of student athletes by reducing the support surface on the ball in the up plank position, by using three categories of balls of equal size, but with different elasticity and weight. In this study, the second aim was to investigate the differences in maintaining static balance, on different balls, between those who are practicing individual sports or team sports. The total study sample include 48 students, active athletes (45.8% of individual sports and 54.2% of team sports), age X ± SD 18.74 ± 1.94 years. The research included two test sessions (initial and final) applied in two stages. The static balance tests were performed by measuring the time maintaining the up plank position with two and three points of support on the three balls, with different characteristics of elasticity and ranges of deformation: medical ball, handball ball and fitness ball. The results of the study showed that the superior initial and final results were recorded on the fitness ball, and the inferior results on the medicine ball. The upper difference was recorded at the up plank position with two support points (arms, legs) on the fitness ball, at 4980 s, and the lowest in the same test on the medical ball, at 3420 s. The largest difference was recorded at the up plank position with three support points on the handball ball, at 7.082 s, and the lowest in the same test on the medical ball, at 3.093 s. The subjects of the study perceived that the most difficult position to execute was the up plank position on the medical ball with two support points, with 43.8%, and the easiest stability was registered in the up plank position on the fitness ball with three points of support, of 37.5%. The relevance of the research results from the possibility of using different balls in conditions of positioning and body posture with a diminished support base in order to improve physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Adela Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +40-723-19-83-91 (A.B.); +40-736-42-00-24 (R.M.)
| | - Gabriel Manolache
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Mircea Ion Ene
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Neofit
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 800003 Galati, Romania; (G.M.); (M.I.E.); (A.N.)
| | - Vlad Teodor Grosu
- Faculty of Automotive Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Virgil Tudor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Sasu
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (D.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Raluca Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (R.M.); Tel.: +40-723-19-83-91 (A.B.); +40-736-42-00-24 (R.M.)
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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