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Wang X, Zhang K, Samsudin SB, Hassan MZB, Yaakob SSNB, Dong D. Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness Attributes in Handball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:177-195. [PMID: 38455436 PMCID: PMC10915623 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of plyometric training on physical fitness attributes in handball players. A systematic literature search across PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science identified 20 studies with 563 players. Plyometric training showed significant medium-to-large effects on various attributes: countermovement jump with arms (ES = 1.84), countermovement jump (ES = 1.33), squat jump (ES = 1.17), and horizontal jump (ES = 0.83), ≤ 10-m linear sprint time (ES = -1.12), > 10-m linear sprint time (ES = -1.46), repeated sprint ability with change-of-direction time (ES = -1.53), agility (ES = -1.60), maximal strength (ES = 0.52), and force-velocity (muscle power) (ES = 1.13). No significant impact on balance was found. Subgroup analysis indicated more pronounced agility improvements in players ≤ 66.6 kg compared to > 66.6 kg (ES = -1.93 vs. -0.23, p = 0.014). Additionally, greater improvements were observed in linear sprint and repeat sprint ability when comparing training durations of > 8 weeks with those ≤ 8 weeks (ES = -2.30 to -2.89 vs. ES = -0.92 to -0.97). In conclusion, plyometric training effectively improves various physical fitness attributes, including jump performance, linear sprint ability, maximal strength, muscle power and agility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shamsulariffin Bin Samsudin
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zarif Bin Hassan
- Department of Language and Humanities Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sam Shor Nahar Bin Yaakob
- Department of Recreation & Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Delong Dong
- Department of Physical Education, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Wang P, Shi C, Chen J, Gao X, Wang Z, Fan Y, Mao Y. Training methods and evaluation of basketball players' agility quality: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24296. [PMID: 38234910 PMCID: PMC10792622 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Agility refers to the technical skills and abilities required by athletes to quickly react and adjust direction, speed, or movement patterns when faced with stimuli. This article provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of agility training methods for basketball players, offering valuable insights and references for scientifically enhancing their agility training. METHOD Research literature published from January 1, 2000, to April 1, 2023, was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and EBSCO databases with basketball, agility, and training as keywords. A total of 489 articles were initially identified. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, including the removal of duplicate articles, non-English publications, and conference papers, a total of 463 articles were excluded. Ultimately, 26 articles that met the specified criteria were included for analysis in this study. The researchers utilized the PEDro quality evaluation screening scoring system to assess the quality of the final included literature. RESULT 26 articles were included, with an average quality evaluation score of 4.5 points (3-7 points). Among them, the average training time for reaction ability (5 articles) is 5 weeks (ranging from 3 to 8 weeks), involving a total of 150 participantsa,nd the agility quality is improved by 7.2 %-19 %; The average training time for speed quality (5 articles) is 6 weeks (ranging from 4 to 8 weeks), involving a total of 151 participants,and the agility quality is improved by 1.2 %-14.4 %; The average training time for strength quality (4 articles) is 6 weeks (ranging from 4 to 8 weeks), involving a total of 57 participants, and the agility quality is improved by 1.41 %-10.33 %; The average training time for plyometrics (12 articles) is 6 weeks (ranging from 1 to 8 weeks), involving a total of 195 participants,with an increase in agility by 2.34 %-6.79 %. CONCLUSION (1) The effect of simple reaction ability, speed, and strength training on improving the agility quality of basketball players is limited. In the actual process, the above training methods need to be combined to maximize the training effect, such as diversified speed training combined with different forms of reaction ability, strength training, etc. (2) Plyometric training has a high intensity of muscle stimulation, which can promote the agility quality of basketball players by improving the joint stability, neuromuscular adaptability as well as coordination and consistency between muscles. However, young basketball players must carefully consider exercise mode, load intensity, and other factors when implementing plyometric training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukui Wang
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenge Shi
- Institute of General Education, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan 523668, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Sports Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong, China
| | - Zenwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yongqiang Mao
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
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Hasan S, Kandasamy G, Alyahya D, Alonazi A, Jamal A, Iqbal A, Unnikrishnan R, Muthusamy H. Effect of plyometric training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation assisted strength training on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13588. [PMID: 35782092 PMCID: PMC9245565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study's objective was to analyze the influence of an 8-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with a plyometric (PT) and strength training (ST) program on muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. Methods Sixty collegiate male football players participated in this randomized controlled trial single-blind study. All the participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) NMES group (Experimental, n = 30) who received NMES assisted ST and (2) sham NMES group (Control, n = 30) who received sham NMES assisted ST. In addition, participants from both groups received a PT program; both groups received intervention on three days a week for 8-weeks. The study's outcomes, such as muscular, sprint, and functional performances, were assessed using a strength test (STN) for quadriceps muscle, sprint test (ST), and single-leg triple hop test (SLTHT), respectively, at baseline pre-intervention and 8-week post-intervention. The interaction between group and time was identified using a mixed design (2 × 2) ANOVA. Results Significant difference found across the two time points for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 5,479.70, p < 0.05; SLTHT: F (1.58) = 118.17, p < 0.05; and ST: F (1.58) = 201.63, p < 0.05. Similarly, the significant differences were found between groups averaged across time for the scores of STN: F (1.58) = 759.62, p < 0.05 and ST: F (1.58) = 10.08, p < 0.05. In addition, after 8-week of training, Cohen's d observed between two groups a large to medium treatment's effect size for the outcome STN (d = 10.84) and ST (d = 1.31). However, a small effect size was observed only for the SLTHT (d = 0.613). Conclusions Findings suggest that the effect of PT and ST with either NMES or sham NMES are equally capable of enhancing muscular, sprint, and functional performances in collegiate male football players. However, PT and ST with NMES have shown an advantage over PT and ST with sham NMES in improving muscular performance and sprint performance among the same participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Hasan
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Danah Alyahya
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alonazi
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Zulfi-, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia,Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hariraja Muthusamy
- Physical Therapy Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Fritz J, Stallegger J, Fessl I, Schwameder H, Kröll J. Jumping with barbell load: Assessment of lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics during landing. J Biomech 2021; 120:110354. [PMID: 33711599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Loaded jumps are commonly used to improve leg muscle power. However, the additional load during jump-landing might increase the potential for overuse injury. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect that barbell load has on lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics during jump-landing and to evaluate the effect of arresting the barbell load at flight apex prior to landing on joint kinematic and kinetic variables. Barbell-loaded squat jumps (20, 40, and 60 kg) were investigated during two jump-landing conditions: 1) barbell-loaded (landing with barbell load) and 2) barbell-arrested (barbell load arrested at flight apex prior to jump-landing). Lower body kinematics and joint kinetics were assessed during jump-landing. In the barbell-loaded jump-landing condition, joint angles at initial contact decreased with increasing barbell load. Knee and hip peak power decreased (knee: -38%; hip: -46%), while ankle joint work increased with increasing barbell load. Joint moments, powers and work were decreased in the barbell-arrested condition compared to the barbell-loaded condition. Barbell-loaded jump-landings do not pose increased demands on the knee and the hip joint compared to bodyweight only jump-landings, due to the load-based reductions in jump height and joint kinematic adaptions. However, ankle joint contribution in energy dissipation is increased, possibly resulting in an increased overuse injury risk at this joint. Arresting the barbell load at flight apex prior to jump-landing substantially reduces the joint kinetics, hence serving as valuable training tool for athletes returning to sport after injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fritz
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria.
| | - Julian Stallegger
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| | - Isabella Fessl
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| | - Hermann Schwameder
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
| | - Josef Kröll
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Hallein-Rif, Austria
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Negra Y, Chaabene H, Stöggl T, Hammami M, Chelly MS, Hachana Y. Effectiveness and time-course adaptation of resistance training vs. plyometric training in prepubertal soccer players. J Sport Health Sci 2020; 9:620-627. [PMID: 33308812 PMCID: PMC7749214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and time course for improvements in explosive actions through resistance training (RT) vs. plyometric training (PT) in prepubertal soccer players. METHODS Thirty-four male subjects were assigned to: a control group (n = 11); an RT group (5 regular soccer training sessions per week, n = 12); a PT group (3 soccer training sessions and 2 RT sessions per week, n = 11). The outcome measures included tests for the assessment of muscle strength (e.g., 1 repetition maximum half-squat test), jump ability (e.g., countermovement jump, squat jump, standing long jump, and multiple 5 bounds test), linear speed (e.g., 20 m sprint test), and change of direction (e.g., Illinois change of direction test). RESULTS The RTG showed an improvement in the half-squat (Δ = 13.2%; d = 1.3, p< 0.001) and countermovement jump (Δ = 9.4%; d = 2.4, p< 0.001) at Week 4, whereas improvements in the 20-m sprint (Δ = 4.2%; d = 1.1, p < 0.01); change of direction (CoD) (Δ = 3.8%; d = 2.1, p < 0.01); multiple 5 bounds (Δ = 5.1%; d = 1.5, p < 0.05); standing long jump (Δ = 7.2%; d = 1.2, p < 0.01); squat jump (Δ = 19.6%; d = 1.5, p < 0.01); were evident at Week 8. The PTG showed improvements in CoD (Δ = 2.1%; d = 1.3, p< 0.05); standing long jump (Δ = 9.3%; d = 1.1, p< 0.01); countermovement jump (Δ = 16.1%; d = 1.2, p< 0.01); and squat jump (Δ = 16.7%; d = 1.4, p< 0.01); at Week 8 whereas improvements in the 20-m sprint (Δ = 4.1%; d = 1.3, p < 0.01); and multiple 5 bounds (Δ = 7.4%; d = 2.4, p< 0.001); were evident only after Week. The RT and PT groups showed improvements in all sprint, CoD, and jump tests (p< 0.05) and in half-squat performance, for which improvement was only shown within the RTG (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION RT and PT conducted in combination with regular soccer training are safe and feasible interventions for prepubertal soccer players. In addition, these interventions were shown to be effective training tools to improve explosive actions with different time courses of improvements, which manifested earlier in the RTG than in the PTG. These outcomes may help coaches and fitness trainers set out clear and concise goals of training according to the specific time course of improvement difference between RT and PT on proxies of athletic performance of prepubertal soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Negra
- Research Unit "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 2009, Tunisia.
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Stöggl
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5400, Austria
| | - Mehréz Hammami
- Research Unit "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 2009, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly
- Research Unit "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 2009, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis 2009, Tunisia
| | - Younés Hachana
- Research Unit "Sport Performance, Health & Society" Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Tunis 2009, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Manouba University, Tunis 2009, Tunisia
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Uzelac-Sciran T, Sarabon N, Mikulic P. Effects of 8-Week Jump Training Program on Sprint and Jump Performance and Leg Strength in Pre- and Post-Peak Height Velocity Aged Boys. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:547-555. [PMID: 32874108 PMCID: PMC7429438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was: (a) to determine the effects of an 8-week jump training program on measures of neuromuscular performance in 12-14-year-old boys before and after peak height velocity (PHV), and (b) to compare the effects of the jump training program to the effects of the regular physical education program. One hundred and twenty-six participants were categorized into two maturity groups (pre- or post-PHV) and then randomly assigned to either a jump training (pre-PHV, n = 26; post-PHV, n = 24) or a control (pre-PHV, n = 33; post-PHV, n = 19) group. Jump training consisted of twice-weekly training for 8 weeks, while control groups continued with their regular physical education lessons. Squat jump and countermovement jump height (cm), reactive strength index (the ratio between jump height and ground contact time (mm/ms)), 20-m sprint time (s), and isokinetic knee extensors muscle strength (peak toque (Nm)) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the 8-week intervention, both pre- and post-PHV jump training groups made significant gains in measures of neuromuscular performance irrespective of the maturity (where p < 0.05, d = 0.28-1.00), while changes in these measures in the control groups were not significant (all p ≥ 0.05, d = -0.14-0.15). A series of repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) indicated that (a) the maturity-related differences between jump training groups were observed only for reactive strength index, and (b) the improvements in all measures of neuromuscular performance were greater in jump training than in control group. This study demonstrated that important components of physical fitness in 12-14-year-old schoolboys may be acutely enhanced through a well-structured jump program and maturity seems to at least play a limited role in mediating these enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nejc Sarabon
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Koper, Slovenia
- S2P, Science to Practice, Ltd., Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behavior, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pavle Mikulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Li F, Wang R, Newton RU, Sutton D, Shi Y, Ding H. Effects of complex training versus heavy resistance training on neuromuscular adaptation, running economy and 5-km performance in well-trained distance runners. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6787. [PMID: 31086736 PMCID: PMC6487184 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, much attention has been paid to the role of neuromuscular function in long-distance running performance. Complex Training (CT) is a combination training method that alternates between performing heavy resistance exercises and plyometric exercises within one single session, resulting in great improvement in neuromuscular adaptation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CT vs. heavy resistance training (HRT) on strength and power indicators, running economy (RE), and 5-km performance in well-trained male distance runners. Methods Twenty-eight well-trained male distance runners (19–23 years old, VO2max:65.78 ± 4.99 ml.kg−1.min−1) performed one pre-test consisting of: maximum strength (1RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) height, peak power, a drop jump (DJ), and RE assessments, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) measurement at the speeds from 12–16 km.h−1, a 50-m sprint, and a 5-km running performance test. They were then divided into 3 groups: complex training group (CT, n = 10), that performed complex training and endurance training; heavy resistance training group (HRT, n = 9) that performed heavy strength training and endurance training; and control group (CON, n = 9) that performed strength-endurance training and endurance training. After the 8 weeks training intervention, all participants completed a post-test to investigate the training effects on the parameters measured. Results After training intervention, both the CT and HRT groups had improvements in: 1RM strength (16.88%, p < 0.001; 18.80%, p < 0.001, respectively), CMJ height (11.28%, p < 0.001; 8.96%, p < 0.001, respectively), 14 km.h−1RE (−7.68%, p < 0.001; −4.89%, p = 0.009, respectively), 50-m sprints (−2.26%, p = 0.003; −2.14%, p = 0.007, respectively) and 5-km running performance (−2.80%, p < 0.001; −2.09%, p < 0.001, respectively). The CON group did not show these improvements. All three training groups showed improvement in the 12 km.h−1RE (p ≤ 0.01). Only the CT group exhibited increases in DJ height (12.94%, p < 0.001), reactive strength index (19.99%, p < 0.001), 16 km.h−1 RE (−7.38%, p < 0.001), and a reduction of BLa concentrations at the speed of 16 km.h−1 (−40.80%, p < 0.001) between pre- and post-tests. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CT can enhance 1RM strength, CMJ height, 12 and 14 km.h−1REs, 50-m sprints and 5-km running performances in well-trained male distance runners and may be superior to HRT for the development of reactive strength and 16 km.h−1RE, and reduction of BLa concentrations at speed of 16 km.h−1. Young male distance runners could integrate CT into their programs to improve the running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert U Newton
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - David Sutton
- Talent identification Center and Research Institute, Shanghai Sports School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Ding
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Plyometric training is a training method to increase the motor output, stretch-shortening cycle which could be associated with power output. To increase the neuromuscular output, various training variables have been incorporated in training programs. Weight vest is one of the variables to develop it. However, how much load can effectively develop the neural response is still not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of additional external loads on neuromuscular response of lower body during plyometric jump. Total 19 men performed jump tests with weight vest (two jumps in each additional load; 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of bodyweight [BW]). During the tests, neuromuscular responses of lower extremity were measured. In vertical jump, 0%BW group was higher than the other heavier loads. In rate of force development (RFD), 10%BW was higher than 15%BW and 20%BW. In 0-30 msec of interval RFD, the heavier load groups were greater than 0%BW and in 0-50 msec, 15%BW and 20%BW were higher than 0%BW. In neuromuscular efficiency (NME), 15%BW and 20%BW were greater than 0%BW in ankle joint. This research indicated that plyometric jump with additional load causes greater RFD and NME of lower extremity compared with jump training without additional load. During weight vest plyometric jump, 10%-20% of BW load is advantageous to NME of lower body and 10% of BW load is effective to develop RFD of lower extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Kang
- XION Sports Performance Training Center, Seoul, Korea
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Hasan N, Nuhmani S, Kachanathu SJ, Muaidi QI. Efficacy of complex training on angular velocity of shoulder in collegiate basketball players. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:859-865. [PMID: 29889055 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shoulder internal rotation angular velocity at the time of ball release is a crucial factor deciding the ball velocity in throwing. Even though there are some studies conducted regarding the effectiveness of complex training on the lower limb, the researchers has not given much attention to the upper limb. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of a complex training program combining plyometric and weight training on the angular velocity of shoulder with a program composed of only plyometric training or only weight training. METHODS It was a pre-test - post-test experimental study. Thirty healthy male collegiate basketball players were randomly divided into three groups: Plyometric training group (n= 10), weight training group (n= 10), complex training group which includes both plyometric training and weight training (n= 10). The training was given for six weeks with a frequency of two days per week. Subjects were measured for angular velocity of shoulder before and after the training period by using Biodex upper body cycle. All the three groups were compared by using one way ANOVA. Post-hoc fisher least significant difference (LSD) test was used to find out the difference between groups. RESULTS All the groups showed a significant gain in angular velocity after the six-week training period (p< 0.05). However, the improvement attained in complex training group were significantly greater than other training groups (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The study concluded that a combination of plyometric and weight training (complex training) can improve the angular velocity of shoulder in male collegiate basketball players more than plyometric or weight training alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezam Hasan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibili Nuhmani
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaji J Kachanathu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qassim I Muaidi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Chtara M, Rouissi M, Haddad M, Chtara H, Chaalali A, Owen A, Chamari K. Specific physical trainability in elite young soccer players: efficiency over 6 weeks' in-season training. Biol Sport 2017; 34:137-48. [PMID: 28566807 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.64587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of 3 training protocols (plyometric [PLYO], agility [AG], or repeated shuttle sprints [RS]) on physical performance in the same population of young soccer players. Forty-two youth-level male players (13.6±0.3-years; 1.65±0.07 m; 54.1±6.5 kg; body fat: 12.8±2.6%) participated in a short-term (6-week) randomized parallel fully controlled training study (pre-to-post measurements): PLYO group, n=10; AG group, n=10; RS group, n=12; and control group [CON] n=10. PLYO training = 9 lower limb exercises (2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions). The AG group performed planned AG drills and direction changes. RS training consisted of 2-4 sets of 5-6x 20 to 30 m shuttle sprints (20 seconds recovery in between). Progressive overload principles were incorporated into the programme by increasing the number of foot contacts and varying the complexity of the exercises. Pre/post-training tests were: bilateral standing horizontal jump, and unilateral horizontal jumps, sprint (30 m with 10 m lap time), agility (20 m zigzag), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) (i.e. 6x30 m shuttle sprints: 2x15 m with 180° turns). Significant main effects for time (i.e. training application) and group (training type) were detected. Improvements in horizontal jumping were higher (p<0.01: ES=large) in PLYO. The RS group improved significantly more (p<0.01; ES=large) than other groups: 30 m sprint, RSAbest and RSAmean performances. Significantly greater increases in 20 m zigzag performance were observed following AG and RS training (4.0 and 3.8%, respectively) compared with PLYO (2.0%) and CON training (0.8%). No significant differences were reported in the RSAdec between groups. Elite young male soccer players’ physical performances can be significantly and specifically improved either using PLYO or AG or RSA training over short-term in-season training.
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Berg WP, Richards BJ, Hannigan AM, Biller KL, Hughes MR. Does load uncertainty affect adaptation to catch training? Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2595-607. [PMID: 27215774 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Catching relies on anticipatory and compensatory control processes. Load uncertainty increases anticipatory and compensatory neuromotor effort in catching. This experiment tested the effect of load uncertainty in plyometric catch/throw training on elbow flexion reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and peak torque, as well as the distribution of anticipatory and compensatory neuromotor effort in catching. We expected load uncertainty training to be superior to traditional training for improving elbow flexion MT and peak torque, as well as for reallocating neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control in catching. Three groups of men (mean age = 21), load knowledge training (K) (n = 14), load uncertainty training (U) (n = 13) and control (C) (n = 14), participated. Groups K and U trained three times/week for 6 weeks using single-arm catch/throw exercises with 0.45-4.08 kg balls. Sets involved 16 repetitions of four different ball masses presented randomly. Group K had knowledge of ball mass on every repetition, whereas group U never did. Change scores were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests and follow-up Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Group K improved both RT and MT (by 6.2 and 12 %, respectively), whereas group U did not. Both groups K and U improved peak eccentric elbow flexion torque. Group K reallocated neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory processes in the biceps, triceps and the all muscle average, whereas group U did so in the triceps only. In sum, plyometric catch/throw training caused a reallocation of neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control in catching. However, load uncertainty training did not amplify this effect and in fact appeared to inhibit the reallocation of neuromotor effort from compensatory to anticipatory control.
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Asadi A, Ramírez-Campillo R. Effects of cluster vs. traditional plyometric training sets on maximal-intensity exercise performance. Medicina (Kaunas) 2016; 52:41-5. [PMID: 26987499 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 6-week cluster versus traditional plyometric training sets on jumping ability, sprint and agility performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen college students were assigned to a cluster sets group (N=6) or traditional sets group (N=7). Both training groups completed the same training program. The traditional group completed five sets of 20 repetitions with 2min of rest between sets each session, while the cluster group completed five sets of 20 [2×10] repetitions with 30/90-s rest each session. Subjects were evaluated for countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), t test, 20-m and 40-m sprint test performance before and after the intervention. RESULTS Both groups had similar improvements (P<0.05) in CMJ, SLJ, t test, 20-m, and 40-m sprint. However, the magnitude of improvement in CMJ, SLJ and t test was greater for the cluster group (effect size [ES]=1.24, 0.81 and 1.38, respectively) compared to the traditional group (ES=0.84, 0.60 and 0.55). Conversely, the magnitude of improvement in 20-m and 40-m sprint test was greater for the traditional group (ES=1.59 and 0.96, respectively) compared to the cluster group (ES=0.94 and 0.75, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although both plyometric training methods improved lower body maximal-intensity exercise performance, the traditional sets methods resulted in greater adaptations in sprint performance, while the cluster sets method resulted in greater jump and agility adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Asadi
- Roudbar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudbar, Iran.
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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo J. The effect of a complex training program on skating abilities in ice hockey players. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:533-7. [PMID: 24764628 PMCID: PMC3996416 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Little data exist on systemic training programs to improve skating abilities in ice hockey players. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex training program on skating abilities in ice hockey players. [Methods] Ten male ice hockey players (training group) that engaged in 12 weeks of complex training and skating training and ten male players (control group) that only participated in 12 weeks of skating training completed on-ice skating tests including a 5 time 18 meters shuttle, t-test, Rink dash 5 times, and line drill before, during, and the training. [Results] Significant group-by-time interactions were found in all skating ability tests. [Conclusion] The complex training program intervention for 12 weeks improved their skating abilities of the ice hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyoung Lee
- College of Humanitas, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookyung Lee
- Institute of Sports Science, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Yoo
- Department of Health Management, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
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Jafari M, Zolaktaf V, Marandi SM. Determination of the best pre-jump height for improvement of two-legged vertical jump. Int J Prev Med 2013; 4:S104-9. [PMID: 23717758 PMCID: PMC3665014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletic performance in many sports depends on two-legged vertical jump. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different pre-jump height exercises on two-legged vertical jump and to determine the best pre-jump height(s). METHODS Subjects included 35 females and 42 males. By matched randomized sampling, subjects of each sex were assigned into four groups, namely, control, 10-cm hurdle, 20-cm hurdle, and 30-cm hurdle. They participated in the same training program for 6 weeks. Statistical analyses were based on one-way and repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Analysis of the data showed that practice over hurdles of 10 cm was better than no hurdle and hurdles of >10 cm. Also, jump attempts over hurdles were efficient for trained athletes, but not for untrained athletes. For both sexes, the rate of spike improvement was much better in the experimental groups than in the control groups; it was independent from the rate of progress in jump, which was relatively less evident. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that rather than increasing jump height, training over hurdle enabled the players to use a higher percent of their jump potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Jafari
- Department of Exercise Rehab, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Zolaktaf
- Department of Exercise Rehab, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Vahid Zolaktaf, Department of Exercise Rehab, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, University of Isfahan, Post Code: 8174673441, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Sayyed M Marandi
- Department of Exercise Rehab, Faculty of Exercise Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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