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Kwak JJ, Lee KS, Lee J, Kim YJ, Choi EY, Byeon SH, Chang WS, Kim YR, Kim JS, Shin S, Lee ST, Kim SS, Lee CS. Next-Generation Sequencing of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma by Vitreous Liquid Biopsy: Diagnostic Potential and Genotype/Phenotype Correlation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37975847 PMCID: PMC10664732 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in vitreous samples, analyze genotype-phenotype characteristics, and compare NGS of matched vitreous and brain samples in patients with associated central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL). Methods A total of 32 patients suspected of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) who underwent diagnostic vitrectomy and NGS were included in this retrospective observational case-series. Fresh vitreous specimens from diagnostic vitrectomy of VRL-suspected patients underwent NGS using a custom panel targeting 747 candidate genes for lymphoma. They also underwent malignancy cytology, interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH)/immunoglobulin kappa light chain (IGK) monoclonality testing. MYD88 L265P mutation was examined from anterior chamber tap samples. The diagnosis of VRL was made based on typical clinical characteristics for VRL, as well as malignant cytology, IGH/IGK clonality, or IL-10/IL-6 > 1. Sensitivity and specificity of NGS were compared with conventional diagnostic tests. Brain tissues suspected of lymphoma were collected by stereotactic biopsy and underwent NGS. Genetic variations detected in NGS of vitreous and brain tissue specimens were compared. Results The sensitivity values for cytology, IL-10/IL-6 > 1, clonality assays for IGH and IGK, MYD88 L265P detection in anterior chamber tap samples, and vitreous NGS were 0.23, 0.83, 0.68, 0.79, 0.67, and 0.85, with specificity values of 1.00, 0.83, 0.50, 0.25, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The sensitivity (0.85) of vitreous NGS was the highest compared to other conventional diagnostic tests for VRL. The most common mutations were MYD88 (91%), CDKN2A (36%), PIM1 (32%), IGLL5 (27%), and ETV6 (23%). Although several gene alterations demonstrated heterogeneity between the brain and eyes, some common mutational profiles were observed in matched vitreous and brain samples. Conclusions Overall, NGS of the vitreous demonstrated high sensitivity among conventional diagnostic tests. VRL and CNSL appeared to have both shared and distinct genetic variations, which may suggest site-specific variations from a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Jiyong Kwak
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Seob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang R, Halimulati M, Huang X, Ma Y, Li L, Zhang Z. Sulforaphane-driven reprogramming of gut microbiome and metabolome ameliorates the progression of hyperuricemia. J Adv Res 2023; 52:19-28. [PMID: 36371056 PMCID: PMC10555773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, revealing how to prevent and control hyperuricemia has become an essential public health issue. Sulforaphane hasawiderangeofapplications in the management of hyperuricemia. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to verify the uric acid-lowering effects and the regulation of the gut-kidney axis mediated by sulforaphane and identify host-microbial co-metabolites in hyperuricemia. METHODS A hyperuricemia model was established by administering feedstuffs with 4% potassium oxonate and 20% yeast. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control, hyperuricemia, allopurinol, and sulforaphane groups. Animals were treated by oral gavage for six consecutive weeks, and then phenotypic parameters, metabolomic profiling, and metagenomicsequencing were performed. RESULTS Sulforaphane could lower uric acid by decreasing urate synthesis and increasing renal urate excretion in hyperuricemic rats (P<0.05). We identified succinic acid and oxoglutaric acid as critical host-gut microbiome co-metabolites. Moreover, sulforaphane improved the diversity of microbial ecosystems and functions, as well as metabolic control of the kidney. Notably, sulforaphane exerted its renoprotective effect through epigenetic modification of Nrf2 and interaction between gut microbiota and epigenetic modification in hyperuricemic rats. CONCLUSION We revealed that sulforaphane could ameliorate the progression of hyperuricemia by reprogramming the gut microbiome and metabolome. Our findings may provide a good means for efficiently preventing and treating hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Mairepaiti Halimulati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Beijing's Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Gu HP, Wu XF, Gong YT, Mu-Yao Wu, Shi MY, Sun YM, Dang BQ, Chen G. RGFP966 exerts neuroprotective effect via HDAC3/Nrf2 pathway after surgical brain injury in rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18160. [PMID: 37539293 PMCID: PMC10395478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) restores chromatin nucleosomes to a transcriptional repression state, thereby inhibiting gene expression. Studies have found that HDAC3 expression is upregulated in a variety of pathological states of the central nervous system and related to its neurotoxicity. However, the role of HDAC3 in surgical brain injury (SBI) has not been thoroughly explored. OBJECTIVE To observe the role of HDAC3 in SBI and the outcome of SBI after its suppression. METHODS Rat SBI model was used, and intraperitoneal injection of RGFP966 (HDAC3 specific inhibitor) was used to detect the changes of HDAC3 expression and neuronal apoptosis indexes in the surrounding cortex of SBI rats, and the cerebral edema and neurological outcome of rats were observed. RESULTS The expression of HDAC3 in the peripheral cortex of SBI rats was increased, and RGFP966 inhibited the upregulation of HDAC3 and saved the nerve cells around the damaged area. In addition, RGFP966 increased the expression of anti-oxidative stress proteins such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). At the same time, the expression of apoptotic marker protein cleaved-caspase-3 (cle-caspase-3) was decreased, while the expression level of apoptotic protective marker protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was increased. In addition, this research demonstrated that in the RGFP966 rat SBI model, the expression level of antioxidant modifier nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was increased. CONCLUSION RGFP966 might activate HDAC3/Nrf2 signaling pathway by inhibiting HDAC3, regulated oxidative stress and nerve cell apoptosis induced by SBI in rat SBI model, reduced brain edema, and had a protective effect on nerve injury. It might be a potential target of SBI pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ting Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Mu-Yao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ying Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-ming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Bao-Qi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Aboukhatwa SM, Sidhom PA, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Tawfik HO. Terminators or Guardians? Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity Profiling of Chalcone-Sulfonamide Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7666-7683. [PMID: 36872984 PMCID: PMC9979347 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With a "less is more" philosophy, a series of 15 chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids were designed anticipating synergistic anticancer activity. The aromatic sulfonamide moiety was included as a known direct inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX activity through its zinc chelating property. The chalcone moiety was incorporated as an electrophilic stressor to indirectly inhibit carbonic anhydrase IX cellular activity. Screening by the Developmental Therapeutics Program of the National Cancer Institute, NCI-60, revealed that 12 derivatives were potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth in multiple cell lines and were promoted to the five-dose screen. The cancer cell growth inhibition profile indicated sub- to two-digit micromolar potency (GI50 down to 0.3 μM and LC50 as low as 4 μM) against colorectal carcinoma cells, in particular. Unexpectedly, most compounds demonstrated low to moderate potency as direct inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase catalytic activity in vitro, with 4d being the most potent, having an average Ki value of 4 μM. Compound 4j showed ca. six-fold selectivity to carbonic anhydrase IX over the other tested isoforms in vitro. Cytotoxicity of both 4d and 4j in live HCT116, U251, and LOX IMVI cells under hypoxic conditions confirmed their targeting of carbonic anhydrase activity. Elevation of oxidative cellular stress was stipulated from the increase in Nrf2 and ROS levels in 4j-treated colorectal carcinoma, HCT116, cells compared to the control. Compound 4j arrested the cell cycle of HCT116 cells at the G1/S phase. In addition, both 4d and 4j showed up to 50-fold cancer cell selectivity compared to the non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Accordingly, this study presents 4d and 4j being new, synthetically accessible, simplistically designed derivatives as potential candidates to be further developed as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Aboukhatwa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Peter A. Sidhom
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department
of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department
of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Haytham O. Tawfik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Shoaib S, Ansari MA, Ghazwani M, Hani U, Jamous YF, Alali Z, Wahab S, Ahmad W, Weir SA, Alomary MN, Yusuf N, Islam N. Prospective Epigenetic Actions of Organo-Sulfur Compounds against Cancer: Perspectives and Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030697. [PMID: 36765652 PMCID: PMC9913804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major epigenetic alterations, such as chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, have gained greater attention and play significant roles in oncogenesis, representing a new paradigm in our understanding of cancer susceptibility. These epigenetic changes, particularly aberrant promoter hypermethylation, abnormal histone acetylation, and miRNA dysregulation, represent a set of epigenetic patterns that contribute to inappropriate gene silencing at every stage of cancer progression. Notably, the cancer epigenome possesses various HDACs and DNMTs, which participate in the histone modifications and DNA methylation. As a result, there is an unmet need for developing the epigenetic inhibitors against HDACs and DNMTs for cancer therapy. To date, several epigenetically active synthetic inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases have been developed. However, a growing body of research reports that most of these synthetic inhibitors have significant side effects and a narrow window of specificity for cancer cells. Targeting tumor epigenetics with phytocompounds that have the capacity to modulate abnormal DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNAs expression is one of the evolving strategies for cancer prevention. Encouragingly, there are many bioactive phytochemicals, including organo-sulfur compounds that have been shown to alter the expression of key tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and oncogenic miRNAs through modulation of DNA methylation and histones in cancer. In addition to vitamins and microelements, dietary phytochemicals such as sulforaphane, PEITC, BITC, DADS, and allicin are among a growing list of naturally occurring anticancer agents that have been studied as an alternative strategy for cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, these bioactive organo-sulfur compounds, either alone or in combination with other standard cancer drugs or phytochemicals, showed promising results against many cancers. Here, we particularly summarize and focus on the impact of specific organo-sulfur compounds on DNA methylation and histone modifications through targeting the expression of different DNMTs and HDACs that are of particular interest in cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya F. Jamous
- Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sydney A. Weir
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
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Bencivenga D, Stampone E, Vastante A, Barahmeh M, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. An Unanticipated Modulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors: The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081346. [PMID: 35456025 PMCID: PMC9028986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now definitively established that a large part of the human genome is transcribed. However, only a scarce percentage of the transcriptome (about 1.2%) consists of RNAs that are translated into proteins, while the large majority of transcripts include a variety of RNA families with different dimensions and functions. Within this heterogeneous RNA world, a significant fraction consists of sequences with a length of more than 200 bases that form the so-called long non-coding RNA family. The functions of long non-coding RNAs range from the regulation of gene transcription to the changes in DNA topology and nucleosome modification and structural organization, to paraspeckle formation and cellular organelles maturation. This review is focused on the role of long non-coding RNAs as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors’ (CDKIs) levels and activities. Cyclin-dependent kinases are enzymes necessary for the tuned progression of the cell division cycle. The control of their activity takes place at various levels. Among these, interaction with CDKIs is a vital mechanism. Through CDKI modulation, long non-coding RNAs implement control over cellular physiology and are associated with numerous pathologies. However, although there are robust data in the literature, the role of long non-coding RNAs in the modulation of CDKIs appears to still be underestimated, as well as their importance in cell proliferation control.
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Metabolomics of Acute vs. Chronic Spinach Intake in an Apc-Mutant Genetic Background: Linoleate and Butanoate Metabolites Targeting HDAC Activity and IFN-γ Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030573. [PMID: 35159382 PMCID: PMC8834217 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the crosstalk between the gut microbiome, host metabolomic features, and disease pathogenesis. The current investigation compared long-term (26 week) and acute (3 day) dietary spinach intake in a genetic model of colorectal cancer. Metabolomic analyses in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model and in wild-type animals corroborated key contributions to anticancer outcomes by spinach-derived linoleate bioactives and a butanoate metabolite linked to increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome. Combining linoleate and butanoate metabolites in human colon cancer cells revealed enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, paralleling the apoptosis induction in colon tumors from rats given long-term spinach treatment. Mechanistic studies in cell-based assays and in vivo implicated the linoleate and butanoate metabolites in targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling axis. Clinical translation of these findings to at-risk patients might provide valuable quality-of-life benefits by delaying surgical interventions and drug therapies with adverse side effects.
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Chen YS, Li J, Menon R, Jayaraman A, Lee K, Huang Y, Dashwood WM, Zhang K, Sun D, Dashwood RH. Dietary spinach reshapes the gut microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1972756. [PMID: 34494932 PMCID: PMC8437542 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1972756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interrelationships govern the dynamic interactions between gut microbes, the host, and exogenous drivers of disease outcome. A multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by spinach (SPI) was pursued for the first time in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model. SPI fed for 26 weeks (10% w/w, freeze-dried in the diet) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and, in the Apc-mutant genetic background, β-catenin remained highly overexpressed in adenomatous polyps. However, in both wild type and Apc-mutant rats, increased gut microbiome diversity after SPI consumption coincided with reversal of taxonomic composition. Metagenomic prediction implicated linoleate and butanoate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pathways in cancer, which was supported by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Thus, tumor suppression by SPI involved marked reshaping of the gut microbiome along with changes in host RNA-miRNA networks. When colon polyps were compared with matched normal-looking tissues via metabolomics, anticancer outcomes were linked to SPI-derived linoleate bioactives with known anti-inflammatory/ proapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate, consistent with altered butanoate metabolism stemming from increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome. In colon tumors from SPI-fed rats, L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate also were reduced, implicating altered mitochondrial energetics and cell surface glycans involved in oncogenic signaling networks and immune evasion. In conclusion, a multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by SPI provided mechanistic support for linoleate and butanoate metabolism, as well as tumor-associated changes in L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate. Additional factors, such as the fiber content, also warrant further investigation with a view to delaying colectomy and drug intervention in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Li
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA
| | - Rani Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, USA,CONTACT Roderick H. Dashwood Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texass 77030, USA
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Carbonic Anhydrase IX Inhibitors as Candidates for Combination Therapy of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413405. [PMID: 34948200 PMCID: PMC8705727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is becoming imperative for the treatment of many cancers, as it provides a higher chance of avoiding drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Among the resistance-conferring factors, the tumor microenvironment plays a major role, and therefore, represents a viable target for adjuvant therapeutic agents. Thus, hypoxia and extracellular acidosis are known to select for the most aggressive and resilient phenotypes and build poorly responsive regions of the tumor mass. Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) IX isoform is a surficial zinc metalloenzyme that is proven to play a central role in regulating intra and extracellular pH, as well as modulating invasion and metastasis processes. With its strong association and distribution in various tumor tissues and well-known druggability, this protein holds great promise as a target to pharmacologically interfere with the tumor microenvironment by using drug combination regimens. In the present review, we summarized recent publications revealing the potential of CA IX inhibitors to intensify cancer chemotherapy and overcome drug resistance in preclinical settings.
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Marino M, Martini D, Venturi S, Tucci M, Porrini M, Riso P, Del Bo' C. An Overview of Registered Clinical Trials on Glucosinolates and Human Health: The Current Situation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:730906. [PMID: 34778334 PMCID: PMC8578719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.730906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a potential role of glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates on human health. However, evidence from intervention studies, due to heterogeneity in features of study design, duration, participants, food or food components administered, and outcomes analyzed, is still insufficient. The current review aims to provide an overview of the trials on GSLs and GSL-rich foods registered over the last 20 years with the intention to summarize the main topics and results, but also the existing gaps that still need to be covered. Studies were collected by using ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry. A total of 87 registered trials were identified with which most of them were performed by using extracts or pure compounds (n = 60) while few were conducted with GSL-rich foods (n = 27). In detail, sulforaphane was the most investigated compound, while broccoli was the most frequent food tested in the trials. The majority of the studies assessed the health effects of GSLs focusing on outcomes related to cancer and cognitive function, even if the current findings are not univocal. Emerging topics also included the study of GSLs and gut microbiota interaction and impact on skin health. Further attention was also drawn to the bioavailability of GSLs and/or derivatives from foods, extracts, and single compounds by also considering the contribution of the different genetic polymorphisms. In conclusion, although considerable efforts have been made to study GSLs and GSL-rich foods, further studies are necessary to provide evidence-based research and to corroborate the findings obtained. The interindividual response due to genetic polymorphisms should be further investigated in order to explore the contribution to the overall beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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Kimura H, Klein AP, Hruban RH, Roberts NJ. The Role of Inherited Pathogenic CDKN2A Variants in Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2021; 50:1123-1130. [PMID: 34714275 PMCID: PMC8562885 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT CDKN2A is cell cycle negative regulator, and the role of CDKN2A in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which continues to be a lethal cancer, is well-established. Somatic loss of CDKN2A is considered one of the major drivers of pancreatic tumorigenesis. CDKN2A gene is one of the pancreatic cancer susceptibility gene; in addition to melanoma, pathogenic germline CDKN2A variants have been identified in up to 3.3% patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma depending on family history of disease. Carriers of a known pathogenic germline CDKN2A variant have up to a 12.3-fold increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Recently, several studies have demonstrated the benefit of clinical surveillance in patients with pathogenic germline CDKN2A variants. Therefore, identification of patients with a pathogenic germline CDKN2A variant is important for screening of at-risk relatives for pancreatic cancer. It has the potential to lead to the detection of early, potentially curable pancreatic cancer and precursor neoplasms, and reduce mortality. Furthermore, patients with a germline pathogenic CDKN2A variant and somatic loss of CDKN2A may benefit in the future from treatment with targeted therapies, such as a CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kimura
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alison P. Klein
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas J. Roberts
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Mokhtari RB, Qorri B, Baluch N, Sparaneo A, Fabrizio FP, Muscarella LA, Tyker A, Kumar S, Cheng HLM, Szewczuk MR, Das B, Yeger H. Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1470-1489. [PMID: 34316328 PMCID: PMC8310668 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway in many cancers are the most common genomic abnormalities. The phytochemical and bioactive agent sulforaphane (SFN) has nutrigenomic potential in activating the expression of several cellular protective genes via the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is primarily related to mechanisms of endogenous cellular defense and survival. The efficacy of SFN in combination with acetazolamide (AZ) was investigated in reducing typical H727 and atypical H720 BC survival, migration potential, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo preclinical xenograft tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microscopic imaging, immunocytochemistry, wound healing assay, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30, CCK18) CytoDeath ELISA assay, immunofluorescence labeling assays for apoptosis, hypoxia, Western Blotting, Tunnel assay, measurement of 5-HT secretion by carbon fiber amperometry assay, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), morphologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis activity and the expression levels of phospho-Akt1, Akt1, HIF-1α, PI3K, p21, CAIX, 5-HT, phospho-mTOR, and mTOR in xenografts derived from typical H727 and atypical H720 BC cell lines. RESULTS Combining AZ+SFN reduced tumor cell survival compared to each agent alone, both in vitro and in vivo xenograft tissues. AZ+SFN targeted multiple pathways involved in cell cycle, serotonin secretion, survival, and growth pathways, highlighting its therapeutic approach. Both H727 and H720 cells were associated with induction of apoptosis, upregulation of the p21 cell cycle inhibitor, and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a primary target of the AZ+SFN combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combining SFN+AZ significantly inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and significantly reducing 5-HT secretion in carcinoid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy
| | - Albina Tyker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Q.P.S. Holdings LLC, Pencader Corporate Center, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zúñiga-Muñoz A, García-Niño WR, Carbó R, Navarrete-López LÁ, Buelna-Chontal M. The regulation of protein acetylation influences the redox homeostasis to protect the heart. Life Sci 2021; 277:119599. [PMID: 33989666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular damage caused by redox imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Besides, redox imbalance is related to the alteration of protein acetylation processes, causing not only chromatin remodeling but also disturbances in so many processes where protein acetylation is involved, such as metabolism and signal transduction. The modulation of acetylases and deacetylases enzymes aids in maintaining the redox homeostasis, avoiding the deleterious cellular effects associated with the dysregulation of protein acetylation. Of note, regulation of protein acetylation has shown protective effects to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases. For instance, HDAC inhibition has been related to inducing cardiac protective effects and it is an interesting approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the upregulation of SIRT protein activity has also been implicated in the relief of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the major protein acetylation modulators described, involving pharmacological and bioactive compounds targeting deacetylase and acetylase enzymes contributing to heart protection through redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wylly-Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis-Ángel Navarrete-López
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Fahey JW, Kensler TW. The Challenges of Designing and Implementing Clinical Trials With Broccoli Sprouts… and Turning Evidence Into Public Health Action. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648788. [PMID: 33996874 PMCID: PMC8116591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane through the catalytic actions of plant myrosinase or β-thioglucosidases in the gut microflora. Sulforaphane, in turn, is an inducer of cytoprotective enzymes through activation of Nrf2 signaling, and a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis in multiple murine models. Sulforaphane is also protective in models of diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and other inflammatory processes, likely reflecting additional actions of Nrf2 and interactions with other signaling pathways. Translating this efficacy into the design and implementation of clinical chemoprevention trials, especially food-based trials, faces numerous challenges including the selection of the source, placebo, and dose as well as standardization of the formulation of the intervention material. Unlike in animals, purified sulforaphane has had very limited use in clinical studies. We have conducted a series of clinical studies and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effects of composition (glucoraphanin-rich [± myrosinase] vs. sulforaphane-rich or mixture beverages), formulation (beverage vs. tablet) and dose, on the efficacy of these broccoli sprout-based preparations to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic action, and clinical benefit. While the challenges for the evaluation of broccoli sprouts in clinical trials are themselves formidable, further hurdles must be overcome to bring this science to public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W. Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Nutrigenomics and Life Style Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:336-348. [PMID: 33797366 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210331151323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Legitimate nutrition assumes a significant role in preventing diseases and, in this way, nutritional interventions establish vital strategies in the area of public health. Nutrigenomics centres on the different genes and diet in an individual and how an individual's genes influence the reaction to bioactive foodstuff. It targets considering the genetic and epigenetic interactions with nutrients to lead to a phenotypic alteration and consequently to metabolism, differentiation, or even apoptosis. Nutrigenomics and lifestyle factors play a vital role in health management and represent an exceptional prospect for the improvement of personalized diets to the individual at risk of developing diseases like cancer. Concerning cancer as a multifactorial genetic ailment, several aspects need to be investigated and analysed. Various perspectives should be researched and examined regarding the development and prognosis of breast and colon cancer. Malignant growth occurrence is anticipated to upsurge in the impending days, and an effective anticipatory strategy is required. The effect of dietary components, basically studied by nutrigenomics, looks at gene expression and molecular mechanisms. It also interrelates bioactive compounds and nutrients because of different 'omics' innovations. Several preclinical investigations demonstrate the pertinent role of nutrigenomics in breast and colon cancer, and change of dietary propensities is conceivably a successful methodology for reducing cancer risk. The connection between the genomic profile of patients with breast or colon cancer and their supplement intake, it is conceivable to imagine an idea of personalized medicine, including nutrition and medicinal services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020. India
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Ulusan AM, Rajendran P, Dashwood WM, Yavuz OF, Kapoor S, Gustafson TA, Savage MI, Brown PH, Sei S, Mohammed A, Vilar E, Dashwood RH. Optimization of Erlotinib Plus Sulindac Dosing Regimens for Intestinal Cancer Prevention in an Apc-Mutant Model of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:325-336. [PMID: 33277315 PMCID: PMC8137519 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A clinical trial in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) demonstrated that sulindac plus erlotinib (SUL+ERL) had good efficacy in the duodenum and colon, but toxicity issues raised concerns for long-term prevention. We performed a biomarker study in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model, observing phosphorylated Erk inhibition in colon polyps for up to 10 days after discontinuing ERL+SUL administration. In a follow-up study lasting 16 weeks, significant reduction of colon and small intestine (SI) tumor burden was detected, especially in rats given 250 ppm SUL in the diet plus once-a-week intragastric dosing of ERL at 21 or 42 mg/kg body weight (BW). A long-term study further demonstrated antitumor efficacy in the colon and SI at 52 weeks, when 250 ppm SUL was combined with once-a-week intragastric administration of ERL at 10, 21, or 42 mg/kg BW. Tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (Mmp7), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), and early growth response 1 (Egr1) were decreased at 16 weeks by ERL+SUL, and this was sustained in the long-term study for Mmp7 and Tnf. Based on the collective results, the optimal dose combination of ERL 10 mg/kg BW plus 250 ppm SUL lacked toxicity, inhibited molecular biomarkers, and exhibited effective antitumor activity. We conclude that switching from continuous to once-per-week ERL, given at one-quarter of the current therapeutic dose, will exert good efficacy with standard-of-care SUL against adenomatous polyps in the colon and SI, with clinical relevance for patients with FAP before or after colectomy. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This investigation concludes that switching from continuous to once-per-week erlotinib, given at one-quarter of the current therapeutic dose, will exert good efficacy with standard-of-care sulindac against adenomatous polyps in the colon and small intestine, with clinical relevance for patients with FAP before or after colectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet M Ulusan
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
- Internal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Omer F Yavuz
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sabeeta Kapoor
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Trace A Gustafson
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit cancer progression by modulation of epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:353-376. [PMID: 33434642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle, growth, survival and metabolism are tightly regulated together and failure in cellular regulation leads to carcinogenesis. Several signaling pathways like the PI3K, WNT, MAPK and NFKb pathway exhibit aberrations in cancer and help achieve hallmark capabilities. Clinical research and in vitro studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer onset and development. Altered gene expression patterns enabled by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA processing have proven roles in cancer hallmark acquisition. The reversible nature of epigenetic processes offers robust therapeutic targets. Dietary bioactive compounds offer a vast compendium of effective therapeutic moieties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) sourced from cruciferous vegetables demonstrate anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic effect against several cancers. ITCs also modulate the redox environment, modulate signaling pathways including PI3K, MAPK, WNT, and NFkB. They also modulate the epigenetic machinery by regulating the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers and miRNA. This further enhances their transcriptional modulation of key cellular regulators. In this review, we comprehensively assess the impact of ITCs such as sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate on cancer and document their effect on various molecular targets. Overall, this will facilitate consolidation of the current understanding of the anti-cancer and epigenetic modulatory potential of these compounds and recognize the gaps in literature. Further, we discuss avenues of future research to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic entities.
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Epigenetic Regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 by Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090865. [PMID: 32938017 PMCID: PMC7555619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has provided a new dimension to our understanding of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (human NRF2/KEAP1 and murine Nrf2/Keap1) signaling. Unlike the genetic changes affecting DNA sequence, the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations provides an attractive avenue for cancer interception. Thus, targeting epigenetic mechanisms in the corresponding signaling networks represents an enticing strategy for therapeutic intervention with dietary phytochemicals acting at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. This regulation involves the interplay of histone modifications and DNA methylation states in the human NFE2L2/KEAP1 and murine Nfe2l2/Keap1 genes, acetylation of lysine residues in NRF2 and Nrf2, interaction with bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) acetyl “reader” proteins, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Phytochemicals documented to modulate NRF2 signaling act by reversing hypermethylated states in the CpG islands of NFE2L2 or Nfe2l2, via the inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), through the induction of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, or by inducing miRNA to target the 3′-UTR of the corresponding mRNA transcripts. To date, fewer than twenty phytochemicals have been reported as NRF2 epigenetic modifiers, including curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, reserpine, and ursolic acid. This opens avenues for exploring additional dietary phytochemicals that regulate the human epigenome, and the potential for novel strategies to target NRF2 signaling with a view to beneficial interception of cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Yagishita Y, Gatbonton-Schwager TN, McCallum ML, Kensler TW. Current Landscape of NRF2 Biomarkers in Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080716. [PMID: 32784785 PMCID: PMC7464243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation and cellular detoxication pathways. The contribution of the NRF2 pathway to organismal homeostasis is seen in many studies using cell lines and animal models, raising intense attention towards targeting its clinical promise. Over the last three decades, an expanding number of clinical studies have examined NRF2 inducers targeting an ever-widening range of diseases. Full understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drug candidates rely partly on the identification, validation, and use of biomarkers to optimize clinical applications. This review focuses on results from clinical trials with four agents known to target NRF2 signaling in preclinical studies (dimethyl fumarate, bardoxolone methyl, oltipraz, and sulforaphane), and evaluates the successes and limitations of biomarkers focused on expression of NRF2 target genes and others, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, carcinogen metabolism and adduct biomarkers in unavoidably exposed populations, and targeted and untargeted metabolomics. While no biomarkers excel at defining pharmacodynamic actions in this setting, it is clear that these four lead clinical compounds do touch the NRF2 pathway in humans.
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Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Yousefi B, Kaviani M, Ghaderi-Pakdel F, Mihanfar A, Rahimi Y, Mobaraki K, Majidinia M. Quercetin attenuated oxidative DNA damage through NRF2 signaling pathway in rats with DMH induced colon carcinogenesis. Life Sci 2020; 253:117584. [PMID: 32220623 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating recent studies have demonstrated the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphonic compounds such as quercetin in colorectal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms for positive effects of quercetin in rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)- induced colorectal cancer. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were classified as 6 groups, including group 1 without any intervention, group 2 as quercetin received rats (50 mg/kg), groups 3 as DMH received rats (20 mg/kg) group 4-6 DMH and quercetin received rats. DNA damage, DNA repair, the expression levels and activities of enzymic antioxidants, non-enzymic antioxidants, and NRF2/Keap1 signaling were evaluated in colon tissues of all groups. Our results showed significant suppression of DNA damage and induction of DNA repair in DMH + Quercetin groups, particularly in entire-period in comparison to other groups (p < .05). The expression levels and activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were increased in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). Lipid and protein peroxidation were significantly suppressed in DMH + Quercetin groups (p < .05). In addition, quercetin also modulated NRF2/Keap1 signaling and its targets, detoxifying enzymes in DMH + Quercetin groups. Our finding demonstrated that quercetin supplementation effectively reversed DMH-mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage through targeting NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Student Research Community, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kazhal Mobaraki
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Colaprico A, Olsen C, Bailey MH, Odom GJ, Terkelsen T, Silva TC, Olsen AV, Cantini L, Zinovyev A, Barillot E, Noushmehr H, Bertoli G, Castiglioni I, Cava C, Bontempi G, Chen XS, Papaleo E. Interpreting pathways to discover cancer driver genes with Moonlight. Nat Commun 2020; 11:69. [PMID: 31900418 PMCID: PMC6941958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer driver gene alterations influence cancer development, occurring in oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and dual role genes. Discovering dual role cancer genes is difficult because of their elusive context-dependent behavior. We define oncogenic mediators as genes controlling biological processes. With them, we classify cancer driver genes, unveiling their roles in cancer mechanisms. To this end, we present Moonlight, a tool that incorporates multiple -omics data to identify critical cancer driver genes. With Moonlight, we analyze 8000+ tumor samples from 18 cancer types, discovering 3310 oncogenic mediators, 151 having dual roles. By incorporating additional data (amplification, mutation, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility), we reveal 1000+ cancer driver genes, corroborating known molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we confirm critical cancer driver genes by analysing cell-line datasets. We discover inactivation of tumor suppressors in intron regions and that tissue type and subtype indicate dual role status. These findings help explain tumor heterogeneity and could guide therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Colaprico
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels, Belgium.
- Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels, Belgium
- Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew H Bailey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Gabriel J Odom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, and Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André V Olsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, and Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Cantini
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, F-75248, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, F-77300, France
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Zinovyev
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, F-75248, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, F-77300, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, Paris, F-75248, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, F-77300, France
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of the National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of the National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of the National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bontempi
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB)2, Brussels, Belgium
- Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xi Steven Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, and Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Translational Disease System Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Zhang Y, Hyle J, Wright S, Shao Y, Zhao X, Zhang H, Li C. A cis-element within the ARF locus mediates repression of p16INK4A expression via long-range chromatin interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26644-26652. [PMID: 31818950 PMCID: PMC6936709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909720116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of CDKN2A/B, also known as INK4/ARF [encoding p16INK4A, p15INK4B, and p14ARF (mouse p19Arf)], confers susceptibility to cancers, whereas its up-regulation during organismal aging provokes cellular senescence and tissue degenerative disorders. To better understand the transcriptional regulation of p16INK4A, a CRISPR screen targeting open, noncoding chromatin regions adjacent to p16INK4A was performed in a human p16INK4A-P2A-mCherry reporter cell line. We identified a repressive element located in the 3' region adjacent to the ARF promoter that controls p16INK4A expression via long-distance chromatin interactions. Coinfection of lentiviral dCas9-KRAB with selected single-guide RNAs against the repressive element abrogated the ARF/p16INK4A chromatin contacts, thus reactivating p16INK4A expression. Genetic CRISPR screening identified candidate transcription factors inhibiting p16INK4A regulation, including ZNF217, which was confirmed to bind the ARF/p16INK4A interaction loop. In summary, direct physical interactions between p16INK4A and ARF genes provide mechanistic insights into their cross-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Judith Hyle
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Shaela Wright
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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24
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Wu Q, Wang J, Mao S, Xu H, Wu Q, Liang M, Yuan Y, Liu M, Huang K. Comparative transcriptome analyses of genes involved in sulforaphane metabolism at different treatment in Chinese kale using full-length transcriptome sequencing. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:377. [PMID: 31088374 PMCID: PMC6518776 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulforaphane is a natural isothiocyanate available from cruciferous vegetables with multiple characteristics including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effect. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing has been used for long-read de novo assembly of plant genome. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism related to glucosinolates biosynthesis in Chinese kale using combined NGS and SMRT sequencing. Results SMRT sequencing produced 185,134 unigenes, higher than 129,325 in next-generation sequencing (NGS). NaCl (75 mM), methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 40 μM), selenate (Se, sodium selenite 100 μM), and brassinolide (BR, 1.5 μM) treatment induced 6893, 13,287, 13,659 and 11,041 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Chinese kale seedlings comparing with control. These genes were associated with pathways of glucosinolates biosynthesis, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. We found NaCl decreased sulforaphane and glucosinolates (indolic and aliphatic) contents and downregulated expression of cytochrome P45083b1 (CYP83b1), S-alkyl-thiohydroximatelyase or carbon–sulfur lyase (SUR1) and UDP-glycosyltransferase 74B1 (UGT74b1). MeJA increased sulforaphane and glucosinolates contents and upregulated the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1; Se increased sulforaphane; BR increased expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1, and increased glucosinolates contents. The desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases ST5a_b_c were decreased by all treatments. Conclusions We confirmed that NaCl inhibited the biosynthesis of both indolic and aliphatic glucosinolates, while MeJA and BR increased them. MeJA and BR treatments, conferred the biosynthesis of glucosinolates, and Se and MeJA contributed to sulforaphane in Chinese kale via regulating the expression of CYP83b1, SUR1 and UGT74b1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5758-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuxiang Mao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mantian Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, Hunan Province, China.
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25
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Hesari A, Maleksabet A, Tirkani AN, Ghazizadeh H, Iranifar E, Mohagheg F, Anoshrvani AA, Ghasemi F. Evaluation of the two polymorphisms rs1801133 in MTHFR and rs10811661 in CDKN2A/B in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2090-2097. [PMID: 30362613 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) was the rate-limiting enzyme in the methyl cycle, which was encoded by the MTHFR gene. MTHFR played a key role in homocysteine plasma level and was associated with the risk of breast cancer. The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (CDKN2A/B) was the tumor suppressor in the cell cycle regulation. The single-nucleotide polymorphism was thought to be associated with the predisposition of breast cancer and in subsequent immune response in different populations. The current study was conducted on a peripheral blood sample of 100 Iranian women with breast carcinoma and 142 cancer-free healthy female volunteers. The TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was applied for genotyping of participants. The correlation of both variants and demographic data were investigated with the risk of breast cancer. Our data showed that the MTHFR allele T and TT genotype had the higher prevalence in patients (P < 0.0001) than the control group. The frequency of risk C allele into the CDKN2A/B rs10811661 was 72%. The correlations of menarche and underlying hormonal disorder with the risk of breast cancer were investigated; also our results showed that the menopause status was statistically significant between patients and controls (P = 0.036). Our investigations demonstrated that the MTHFR rs180113 and CDKN2A/B rs10811661 had a significant correlation with the elevated risk of breast cancer and they might be potentially valuable to apply as a prognostic factor for individual health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Hesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Maleksabet
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nosrati Tirkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Iranifar
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran
| | - Fatoalah Mohagheg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Arash Anoshrvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Rajendran P, Johnson G, Li L, Chen YS, Dashwood M, Nguyen N, Ulusan A, Ertem F, Zhang M, Li J, Sun D, Huang Y, Wang S, Leung HC, Lieberman D, Beaver L, Ho E, Bedford M, Chang K, Vilar E, Dashwood R. Acetylation of CCAR2 Establishes a BET/BRD9 Acetyl Switch in Response to Combined Deacetylase and Bromodomain Inhibition. Cancer Res 2019; 79:918-927. [PMID: 30643017 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There continues to be interest in targeting epigenetic "readers, writers, and erasers" for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. However, a mechanistic understanding is frequently lacking for the synergy observed when combining deacetylase and bromodomain inhibitors. Here we identify cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) as an early target for acetylation in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane. N-terminal acetylation of CCAR2 diminished its interactions with histone deacetylase 3 and β-catenin, interfering with Wnt coactivator functions of CCAR2, including in cells harboring genetically encoded CCAR2 acetylation. Protein domain arrays and pull-down assays identified acetyl "reader" proteins that recognized CCAR2 acetylation sites, including BRD9 and members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family. Treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 synergized with sulforaphane in colon cancer cells and suppressed tumor development effectively in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Studies with sulforaphane+JQ1 in combination implicated a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch and a shift in the pool of acetyl "reader" proteins in favor of BRD9-regulated target genes. SIGNIFICANCE: These results highlight the competition that exists among the "readers" of acetylated histone and nonhistone proteins and provide a mechanistic basis for potential new therapeutic avenues involving epigenetic combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Gavin Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying-Shiuan Chen
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nhung Nguyen
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ahmet Ulusan
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Furkan Ertem
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shan Wang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hon-Chiu Leung
- Mass Spectrometry-Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Lieberman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Laura Beaver
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Mark Bedford
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Chang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roderick Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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27
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Badaro-Garcia S, Hohmann MSN, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Contribution of Nrf2 Modulation to the Mechanism of Action of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pre-clinical and Clinical Stages. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1536. [PMID: 30687097 PMCID: PMC6337248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress that has occurred in recent years in the development of therapies to treat painful and inflammatory diseases, there is still a need for effective and potent analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It has long been known that several types of antioxidants also possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating a strong relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as essential targets in disease physiopathology, is essential to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The Nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox status through endogenous antioxidant systems with simultaneous anti-inflammatory activity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological actions screened that link analgesic, anti-inflammatory, natural products, and other therapies to Nrf2 as a regulatory system based on emerging evidences from experimental disease models and new clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Badaro-Garcia
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. N. Hohmann
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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28
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Costea T, Hudiță A, Ciolac OA, Gălățeanu B, Ginghină O, Costache M, Ganea C, Mocanu MM. Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3787. [PMID: 30487390 PMCID: PMC6321468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and the third most diagnosed type of cancer, worldwide. It is most common amongst men and women over 50 years old. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, diet, physical inactivity, genetics, alterations in gut microbiota, and associated pathologies (diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases). This review will discuss, in detail, the chemopreventive properties of some dietary compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, iridoids, nitrogen compounds, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, essential oil compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber) against colorectal cancer. We present recent data, focusing on in vitro, laboratory animals and clinical trials with the previously mentioned compounds. The chemopreventive properties of the dietary compounds involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of cell growth, inhibition of tumor initiation, inhibition of adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis, interaction with gut microbiota, regulation of cellular signal transduction pathways and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, etc. Moreover, this review will also focus on the natural dietary compounds' bioavailability, their synergistic protective effect, as well as the association with conventional therapy. Dietary natural compounds play a major role in colorectal chemoprevention and continuous research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ariana Hudiță
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Oana-Alina Ciolac
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Bianca Gălățeanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Octav Ginghină
- Department of Surgery, "Sf. Ioan" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constanța Ganea
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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29
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Briones-Herrera A, Eugenio-Pérez D, Reyes-Ocampo JG, Rivera-Mancía S, Pedraza-Chaverri J. New highlights on the health-improving effects of sulforaphane. Food Funct 2018; 9:2589-2606. [PMID: 29701207 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00018b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review recent evidence about the beneficial effects of sulforaphane (SFN), which is the most studied member of isothiocyanates, on both in vivo and in vitro models of different diseases, mainly diabetes and cancer. The role of SFN on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolism is discussed, with emphasis on those nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-mediated mechanisms. In the case of the anti-inflammatory effects of SFN, the point of convergence seems to be the downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), with the consequent amelioration of other pathogenic processes such as hypertrophy and fibrosis. We emphasized that SFN shows opposite effects in normal and cancer cells at many levels; for instance, while in normal cells it has protective actions, in cancer cells it blocks the induction of factors related to the malignity of tumors, diminishes their development, and induces cell death. SFN is able to promote apoptosis in cancer cells by many mechanisms, the production of reactive oxygen species being one of the most relevant ones. Given its properties, SFN could be considered as a phytochemical at the forefront of natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Herrera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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30
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Pandurangan AK, Divya T, Kumar K, Dineshbabu V, Velavan B, Sudhandiran G. Colorectal carcinogenesis: Insights into the cell death and signal transduction pathways: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:244-259. [PMID: 30254720 PMCID: PMC6147765 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i9.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC) imposes a major health burden in developing countries. It is the third major cause of cancer deaths. Despite several treatment strategies, novel drugs are warranted to reduce the severity of this disease. Adenomatous polyps in the colon are the major culprits in CRC and found in 45% of cancers, especially in patients 60 years of age. Inflammatory polyps are currently gaining attention in CRC, and a growing body of evidence denotes the role of inflammation in CRC. Several experimental models are being employed to investigate CRC in animals, which include the APCmin/+ mouse model, Azoxymethane, Dimethyl hydrazine, and a combination of Dextran sodium sulphate and dimethyl hydrazine. During CRC progression, several signal transduction pathways are activated. Among the major signal transduction pathways are p53, Transforming growth factor beta, Wnt/β-catenin, Delta Notch, Hippo signalling, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathways. These signalling pathways collaborate with cell death mechanisms, which include apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy, to determine cell fate. Extensive research has been carried out in our laboratory to investigate these signal transduction and cell death mechanistic pathways in CRC. This review summarizes CRC pathogenesis and the related cell death and signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok kumar Pandurangan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Kalaivani Kumar
- School of Life sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Bakthavatchalam Velavan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
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31
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Okonkwo A, Mitra J, Johnson GS, Li L, Dashwood WM, Hegde ML, Yue C, Dashwood RH, Rajendran P. Heterocyclic Analogs of Sulforaphane Trigger DNA Damage and Impede DNA Repair in Colon Cancer Cells: Interplay of HATs and HDACs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800228. [PMID: 29924908 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE DNA repair inhibitors have broad clinical applications in tumor types with DNA repair defects, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Structural analogs of the anticancer agent sulforaphane (SFN) were investigated as modifiers of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity, and for effects on DNA damage/repair pertinent to human CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS In the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model, single oral administration of SFN and structurally related long-chain isothiocyanates (ITCs) decreased histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression and increased pH2AX levels markedly in adenomatous colon polyps, extending prior observations on HDAC3 inhibition/turnover in cell-based assays. Colon cancer cells at a high initial plating density had diminished cytotoxicity from SFN, whereas novel tetrazole-containing heterocyclic analogs of SFN retained their efficacy. The potent SFN analogs triggered DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and loss of a key DNA repair regulator, C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) interacting protein (CtIP). These SFN analogs also altered HAT/HDAC activities and histone acetylation status, lowered the expression of HDAC3, P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A/GCN5), and attenuated homologous recombination (HR)/non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair activities in colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION Novel tetrazole-containing heterocyclic analogs of SFN provide a new avenue for chemosensitization in colon cancer cells via modulation of HAT/HDAC activities and associated DNA damage/repair signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaobi Okonkwo
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
| | - Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
| | - Li Li
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA, 77030.,Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA, 10065
| | - Chen Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, 300071
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, 77030.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 77843.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA, 77843
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, 77030
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Taranu I, Marin DE, Braicu C, Pistol GC, Sorescu I, Pruteanu LL, Berindan Neagoe I, Vodnar DC. In Vitro Transcriptome Response to a Mixture of Lactobacilli Strains in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071923. [PMID: 29966337 PMCID: PMC6073849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Food and feed supplements containing microorganisms with probiotic potential are of increasing interest due to their healthy promoting effect on human and animals. Their mechanism of action is still unknown. Using a microarray approach, the aim of this study was to investigate the differences in genome-wide gene expression induced by a mixture of three Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and L. paracasei) in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-1) and to identify the genes and pathways involved in intestinal barrier functions. Methods: Undifferentiated IPEC-1 cells seeded at a density of 2.0 × 105/mL in 24-wells culture plates were cultivated at 37 °C and 5% CO2 until they reached confluence (2–3 days). Confluent cells monolayer were then cultivated with 1 mL of fresh lactobacilli (LB) mixture suspension prepared for a concentration of approximately 3.3 × 107 CFU/mL for each strain (1 × 108 CFU/mL in total) for 3 h and analyzed by microarray using Gene Spring GX v.11.5. Results: The functional analysis showed that 1811 of the genes modulated by LB treatment are involved in signaling (95% up-regulation, 121 genes with a fold change higher than 10). The most enhanced expression was registered for AXIN2 (axis inhibition protein 2-AXIN2) gene (13.93 Fc, p = 0.043), a negative regulator of β-catenin with a key role in human cancer. LB affected the cellular proliferation by increasing 10 times (Fc) the NF1 gene encoding for the neurofibromin protein, a tumor suppressor that prevent cells from uncontrolled proliferation. The induction of genes like serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA 3), interleukin-20 (IL-20), oncostatin M(OSM), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and the suppression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2/macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (CXCL-2/MIP-2), regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), and of pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) genes highlights the protective role of lactobacilli in epithelial barrier function against inflammation and in the activation of immune response. Conclusion: Gene overexpression was the predominant effect produced by lactobacilli treatment in IPEC-1 cells, genes related to signaling pathways being the most affected. The protective role of lactobacilli in epithelial barrier function against inflammation and in the activation of immune response was also noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. V. Babes, No. 8, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Ionut Sorescu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, Balotesti, 077015 Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Lavinia Laura Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. V. Babes, No. 8, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Reddy DS, Wu X, Golub VM, Dashwood WM, Dashwood RH. Measuring Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in the Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 81:e41. [PMID: 29927058 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent a family of enzymes that are targets for epigenetic modulation of genomic activity and may be beneficial in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer and central nervous system disorders. In animal models, HDAC inhibitors have neuroprotective, antiepileptogenic, and antidepressant effects. Assaying HDAC activity provides a robust method for identifying HDAC inhibitors and for assessing their effects under various physiological conditions or after pathological insults. In this unit, a simple and sensitive assay for measuring HDAC activity is described. HDAC activity in tissue lysates can be assessed fluorometrically using a Boc-Lys(Ac) HDAC activity kit. HDACs catalyze the deacetylation of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC. Addition of a trypsin-containing developer converts the deacetylated product to a quantifiable fluorophore that can be used both as a screening method to identify putative HDAC inhibitors and to assess the effects of these inhibitors on tissue and animal epigenetic-modulated phenotypes. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - Victoria M Golub
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
| | - W Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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34
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Natural scaffolds in anticancer therapy and precision medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1563-1585. [PMID: 29729870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of natural compounds is essential for their mechanism of action. The source, structures and structure activity relationship of natural compounds contributed to the development of new classes of chemotherapy agents for over 40 years. The availability of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening has fueled the challenge to identify novel compounds that mimic nature's chemistry and to predict their macromolecular targets. Combining conventional and targeted therapies helped to successfully overcome drug resistance and prolong disease-free survival. Here, we aim to provide an overview of preclinical investigated natural compounds alone and in combination to further improve personalization of cancer treatment.
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35
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Chen X, Wang H, Zhou M, Li X, Fang Z, Gao H, Li Y, Hu W. Valproic Acid Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Inflammation in Vivo: Involvement of Autophagy and the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:117. [PMID: 29719500 PMCID: PMC5913341 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation and the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) play important roles in secondary damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transcriptional activation of genes that limit secondary damage to the CNS are mediated by a cis-acting element called the antioxidant responsive element (ARE). ARE is known to associate with the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that is associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). This pathway, known as the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a critical antioxidative factor pathway that regulates the balance of oxygen free radicals and the inflammatory response, and is also related to autophagic activities. Although valproic acid (VPA) is known to inhibit HDACs, it is unclear whether VPA plays a role in the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response after TBI via regulating oxidative stress and autophagy induced by the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that microglial activation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway play essential roles in secondary injury following TBI. Treatment with VPA alleviated TBI-induced secondary brain injury, including neurological deficits, cerebral edema, and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, VPA treatment upregulated the occurrence of autophagy and Nrf2/ARE pathway activity after TBI, and there was an increase in H3, H4 histone acetylation levels, accompanied by decreased transcriptional activity of the HDAC3 promoter in cortical lesions. These results suggest that VPA-mediated up-regulation of autophagy and antioxidative responses are likely due to increased activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway, through direct inhibition of HDAC3. This inhibition further reduces TBI-induced microglial activation and the subsequent inflammatory response, ultimately leading to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengliang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongning Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yasong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Neonatal Colonic Inflammation Epigenetically Aggravates Epithelial Inflammatory Responses to Injury in Adult Life. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:65-78. [PMID: 29928672 PMCID: PMC6008258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early life adversity is considered a risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that early life colonic inflammation causes susceptibility to aggravated overexpression of interleukin (IL)1β. METHODS We developed a 2-hit rat model in which neonatal inflammation (NI) and adult inflammation (AI) were induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. RESULTS Aggravated immune responses were observed in NI + AI rats, including a sustained up-regulation of IL1β and other cytokines. In parallel with exacerbated loss of inhibitor of kappa B alpha expression, NI + AI rats showed hyperacetylation of histone H4K12 and increased V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A binding on the IL1B promoter, accompanied by high levels of norepinephrine/epinephrine. Propranolol, a β-blocker, markedly ameliorated the inflammatory response and IL1β overexpression by mitigating against epigenetic modifications. Adrenalectomy abrogated NI-induced disease susceptibility whereas yohimbine sensitized the epithelium for exacerbated immune response. The macrophages of NI rats produced more IL1β than controls after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting hypersensitization; incubation with LPS plus Foradil (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), a β2-agonist, induced a greater IL1β expression than LPS alone. Epinephrine and Foradil also exacerbated LPS-induced IL1β activation in human THP-1-derived macrophages, by increasing acetylated H4K12, and these increases were abrogated by propranolol. CONCLUSIONS NI sensitizes the colon epithelium for exacerbated IL1β activation by increasing stress hormones that induce histone hyperacetylation, allowing greater access of nuclear factor-κB to the IL1B promoter and rendering the host susceptible to aggravated immune responses. Our findings suggest that β blockers have a therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility and establish a novel paradigm whereby NI induces epigenetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Key Words
- AI, adult inflammation
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Ctl, control
- Early Life Adversity
- Epinephrine
- H4K12ac, acetylated HRK12
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone Acetylation
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- IκB, inhibitor of kappa B alpha
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NI, neonatal inflammation
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- RNAP II, RNA polymerase II
- RelA, V-Rel Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A
- TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- Tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Beaver LM, Lӧhr CV, Clarke JD, Glasser ST, Watson GW, Wong CP, Zhang Z, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Shannon J, Thuillier P, Ho E. Broccoli Sprouts Delay Prostate Cancer Formation and Decrease Prostate Cancer Severity with a Concurrent Decrease in HDAC3 Protein Expression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy002. [PMID: 30019025 PMCID: PMC6041877 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been associated with the chemoprevention of cancer. Epigenetic regulators have been identified as important targets for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Treatment of human prostate cancer cells with sulforaphane (SFN), a chemical from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, inhibits epigenetic regulators such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, but it is not known whether consumption of a diet high in broccoli sprouts impacts epigenetic mechanisms in an in vivo model of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, we tested the hypothesis that a broccoli sprout diet suppresses prostate cancer, inhibits HDAC expression, alters histone modifications, and changes the expression of genes regulated by HDACs. METHODS TRAMP mice were fed a 15% broccoli sprout or control AIN93G diet; tissue samples were collected at 12 and 28 wk of age. RESULTS Mice fed broccoli sprouts had detectable amounts of SFN metabolites in liver, kidney, colon, and prostate tissues. Broccoli sprouts reduced prostate cancer incidence and progression to invasive cancer by 11- and 2.4-fold at 12 and 28 wk of age, respectively. There was a significant decline in HDAC3 protein expression in the epithelial cells of prostate ventral and anterior lobes at age 12 wk. Broccoli sprout consumption also decreased histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation in the ventral lobe (age 12 wk), and decreased histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation in all prostate lobes (age 28 wk). A decline in p16 mRNA levels, a gene regulated by HDAC3, was associated with broccoli sprout consumption, but no significant changes were noted at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Broccoli sprout intake was associated with a decline in prostate cancer occurrence and HDAC3 protein expression in the prostate, extending prior work that implicated loss of HDAC3/ corepressor interactions as a key preventive mechanism by SFN in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Christiane V Lӧhr
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - John D Clarke
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sarah T Glasser
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Greg W Watson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Dinkova-Kostova AT, Fahey JW, Kostov RV, Kensler TW. KEAP1 and Done? Targeting the NRF2 Pathway with Sulforaphane. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017; 69:257-269. [PMID: 29242678 PMCID: PMC5725197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the re-discovery of sulforaphane in 1992 and the recognition of the bioactivity of this phytochemical, many studies have examined its mode of action in cells, animals and humans. Broccoli, especially as young sprouts, is a rich source of sulforaphane and broccoli-based preparations are now used in clinical studies probing efficacy in health preservation and disease mitigation. Many putative cellular targets are affected by sulforaphane although only one, KEAP1-NRF2 signaling, can be considered a validated target at this time. The transcription factor NRF2 is a master regulator of cell survival responses to endogenous and exogenous stressors. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review summarizes the chemical biology of sulforaphane as an inducer of NRF2 signaling and efficacy as an inhibitor of carcinogenesis. It also provides a summary of the current findings from clinical trials using a suite of broccoli sprout preparations on a series of short-term endpoints reflecting a diversity of molecular actions. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Sulforaphane, as a pure chemical, protects against chemical-induced skin, oral, stomach, colon, lung and bladder carcinogenesis and in genetic models of colon and prostate carcinogenesis. In many of these settings the antitumorigenic efficacy of sulforaphane is dampened in Nrf2-disrupted animals. Broccoli preparations rich in glucoraphanin or sulforaphane exert demonstrable pharmacodynamic action in over a score of clinical trials. Measures of NRF2 pathway response and function are serving as guideposts for the optimization of dose, schedule and formulation as clinical trials with broccoli-based preparations become more commonplace and more rigorous in design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Pan JH, Abernathy B, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim JH, Shin EC, Kim JK. Cruciferous vegetables and colorectal cancer prevention through microRNA regulation: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2026-2038. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Pan
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Breann Abernathy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Wang R, Chen YS, Dashwood WM, Li Q, Löhr CV, Fischer K, Ho E, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Divergent roles of p120-catenin isoforms linked to altered cell viability, proliferation, and invasiveness in carcinogen-induced rat skin tumors. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1733-1742. [PMID: 28218467 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) targets multiple organs for tumorigenesis in the rat, including the colon and the skin. PhIP-induced skin tumors were subjected to mutation screening, which identified genetic changes in Hras (7/40, 17.5%) and Tp53 (2/40, 5%), but not in Ctnnb1, a commonly mutated gene in PhIP-induced colon tumors. Despite the absence of Ctnnb1 mutations, β-catenin was overexpressed in nuclear and plasma membrane fractions from PhIP-induced skin tumors, coinciding with loss of p120-catenin from the plasma membrane, and the appearance of multiple p120-catenin-associated bands in the nuclear extracts. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that p120-catenin isoforms 1 and 4 were upregulated in PhIP-induced skin tumors, whereas p120-catenin isoform 3 was expressed uniformly, compared with adjacent normal-looking tissue. In human epidermoid carcinoma and colon cancer cells, transient transfection of p120-catenin isoform 1A enhanced the viability and cell invasion index, whereas transient transfection of p120-catenin isoform 4A increased cell viability and cell proliferation. Knockdown of p120-catenin revealed a corresponding reduction in the expression of β-catenin and a transcriptionally regulated target, Ccnd1/Cyclin D1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments identified associations of β-catenin with p120-catenin isoforms in PhIP-induced skin tumors and human cancer cell lines. The results are discussed in the context of therapeutic strategies that might target different p120-catenin isoforms, providing an avenue to circumvent constitutively active β-catenin arising via distinct mechanisms in skin and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Ying-Shiuan Chen
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas
| | - Wan-Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingjie Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kay Fischer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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41
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Johnson GS, Li J, Beaver LM, Dashwood WM, Sun D, Rajendran P, Williams DE, Ho E, Dashwood RH. A functional pseudogene, NMRAL2P, is regulated by Nrf2 and serves as a coactivator of NQO1 in sulforaphane-treated colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27860235 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The anticancer agent sulforaphane (SFN) acts via multiple mechanisms to modulate gene expression, including the induction of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent signaling and the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Transcriptomics studies were performed in SFN-treated human colon cancer cells and in nontransformed colonic epithelial cells in order to pursue new mechanistic leads. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA-sequencing corroborated the expected changes in cancer-related pathways after SFN treatment. In addition to NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and other well-known Nrf2-dependent targets, SFN strongly induced the expression of Loc344887. This noncoding RNA was confirmed as a novel functional pseudogene for NmrA-like redox sensor 1, and was given the name NmrA-like redox sensor 2 pseudogene (NMRAL2P). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments corroborated the presence of Nrf2 interactions on the NMRAL2P genomic region, and interestingly, NMRAL2P also served as a coregulator of NQO1 in human colon cancer cells. Silencing of NMRAL2P via CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing protected against SFN-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth, colony formation, and migration. CONCLUSION NMRAL2P is the first functional pseudogene to be identified both as a direct transcriptional target of Nrf2, and as a downstream regulator of Nrf2-dependent NQO1 induction. Further studies are warranted on NMRAL2P-Nrf2 crosstalk and the associated mechanisms of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - W Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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42
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Wende AR, Young ME, Chatham J, Zhang J, Rajasekaran NS, Darley-Usmar VM. Redox biology and the interface between bioenergetics, autophagy and circadian control of metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:94-107. [PMID: 27242268 PMCID: PMC5124549 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms that underlie the recent emergence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and heart failure has revealed the need for a multi-disciplinary research integrating the key metabolic pathways which change the susceptibility to environmental or pathologic stress. At the physiological level these include the circadian control of metabolism which aligns metabolism with temporal demand. The mitochondria play an important role in integrating the redox signals and metabolic flux in response to the changing activities associated with chronobiology, exercise and diet. At the molecular level this involves dynamic post-translational modifications regulating transcription, metabolism and autophagy. In this review we will discuss different examples of mechanisms which link these processes together. An important pathway capable of linking signaling to metabolism is the post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). This is a nutrient regulated protein modification that plays an important role in impaired cellular stress responses. Circadian clocks have also emerged as critical regulators of numerous cardiometabolic processes, including glucose/lipid homeostasis, hormone secretion, redox status and cardiovascular function. Central to these pathways are the response of autophagy, bioenergetics to oxidative stress, regulated by Keap1/Nrf2 and mechanisms of metabolic control. The extension of these ideas to the emerging concept of bioenergetic health will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Chatham
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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43
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Cheng YT, Yang CC, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine-Modulating oxidative stress and the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 114:128-143. [PMID: 27794498 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the current advances and achievements in systems biology and translational medicinal research, the current strategies for cancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy remain palliative or unsatisfactory due to tumor metastasis or recurrence after surgery/therapy, drug resistance, adverse side effects, and so on. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic/acute inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor invasion/metastasis which is also attributed to the dynamic and complex properties and activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Re-educating or reprogramming tumor-associated stromal or immune cells in the TME provides an approach for restoring immune surveillance impaired by disease in cancer patients to increase overall survival and reduce drug resistance. Herbal medicines or plant-derived natural products have historically been a major source of anti-cancer drugs. Delving into the lore of herbal medicine may uncover new leads for anti-cancer drugs. Phytomedicines have been widely documented to directly or indirectly target multiple signaling pathways and networks in cancer cells. A combination of anti-cancer drugs and polypharmacological plant-derived extracts or compounds may offer a significant advantage in sensitizing the efficacy of monotherapy and overcoming drug-induced resistance in cancer patients. This review introduces several phytochemicals and phytoextracts derived from medicinal plants or dietary vegetables that have been studied for their efficacy in preclinical cancer models. We address the underlying modes of action of induction of OS and deregulation of TME-associated stromal cells, mediators and signaling pathways, and reference the related clinical investigations that look at the single or combination use of phytochemicals and phytoextracts to sensitize anti-cancer drug effects and/or overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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44
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Ertem FU, Zhang W, Chang K, Mohaiza Dashwood W, Rajendran P, Sun D, Abudayyeh A, Vilar E, Abdelrahim M, Dashwood RH. Oncogenic targets Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3 from transcriptome profiling of FAP and Pirc adenomas are downregulated in response to tumor suppression by Clotam. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:460-468. [PMID: 27706811 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervention strategies in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients and other high-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) populations have highlighted a critical need for endoscopy combined with safe and effective preventive agents. We performed transcriptome profiling of colorectal adenomas from FAP patients and the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) preclinical model, and prioritized molecular targets for prevention studies in vivo. At clinically relevant doses in the Pirc model, the drug Clotam (tolfenamic acid, TA) was highly effective at suppressing tumorigenesis both in the colon and in the small intestine, when administered alone or in combination with Sulindac. Cell proliferation in the colonic crypts was reduced significantly by TA, coincident with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Survivin, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 7. From the list of differentially expressed genes prioritized by transcriptome profiling, Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3 were defined as key oncogene candidates downregulated in colon tumors after TA treatment. Monthly colonoscopies revealed the rapid onset of tumor suppression by TA in the Pirc model, and the temporal changes in Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3, highlighting their value as potential early biomarkers for prevention in the clinical setting. We conclude that TA, an "old drug" repurposed from migraine, offers an exciting new therapeutic avenue in FAP and other high-risk CRC patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan U Ertem
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Houston, TX.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX
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45
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Yin TF, Wang M, Qing Y, Lin YM, Wu D. Research progress on chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals on colorectal cancer and their mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7058-7068. [PMID: 27610016 PMCID: PMC4988307 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide and has become a global health problem. The conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimen for CRC not only has a low cure rate but also causes side effects. Many studies have shown that adequate intake of fruits and vegetables in the diet may have a protective effect on CRC occurrence, possibly due to the special biological protective effect of the phytochemicals in these foods. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals play strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer roles by regulating specific signaling pathways and molecular markers to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. This review summarizes the progress on CRC prevention using the phytochemicals sulforaphane, curcumin and resveratrol, and elaborates on the specific underlying mechanisms. Thus, we believe that phytochemicals might provide a novel therapeutic approach for CRC prevention, but future clinical studies are needed to confirm the specific preventive effect of phytochemicals on cancer.
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46
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Genetic and epigenetic cancer chemoprevention on molecular targets during multistage carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2389-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Wang R, Kang Y, Löhr CV, Fischer KA, Bradford CS, Johnson G, Dashwood WM, Williams DE, Ho E, Dashwood RH. Reciprocal regulation of BMF and BIRC5 (Survivin) linked to Eomes overexpression in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:341-8. [PMID: 27539959 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eomesodermin (Eomes) is a T-box transcription factor that has been implicated in the etiology of colorectal cancer and other human malignancies. We screened a panel of human primary colon cancers and patient-matched controls (n = 30) and detected Eomes overexpression at the mRNA and protein level. Similar results were obtained in a panel of rat colon tumors and adjacent normal-looking colonic mucosa (n = 24). In human colon cancer cells, forced overexpression of Eomes enhanced cell viability and protected against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, knocking down Eomes resulted in reduced cell viability, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction. The apoptotic mechanism centered on the reciprocal downregulation of anti-apoptotic BIRC5 (Survivin) and upregulation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 modifying factor (BMF). In patients with colorectal cancer, high EOMES expression (n = 95) was associated with poor overall survival compared with individuals exhibiting low EOMES levels (n = 80). We conclude from the current investigation, and prior literature, that Eomes has a divergent role in cancer development, with evidence for tumor suppressor and oncogenic functions, depending on stage and tissue context. Further studies are warranted on the apoptotic mechanisms linked to the reciprocal regulation of BMF and BIRC5 in human colorectal cancers characterized by Eomes overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yuki Kang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kay A Fischer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - C Samuel Bradford
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gavin Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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48
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Xu Z, Wang S, Ji H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tan Y, Wintergerst K, Zheng Y, Sun J, Cai L. Broccoli sprout extract prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via Nrf2 activation in db/db T2DM mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30252. [PMID: 27457280 PMCID: PMC4960533 DOI: 10.1038/srep30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a clinic-relevant protocol for systemic up-regulation of NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), male db/db and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were given sulforaphane (SFN, an Nrf2 activator) and its natural source, broccoli sprout extract (BSE) by gavage every other day for 3 months, with four groups: vehicle (0.1 ml/10 g), BSE-low dose (estimated SFN availability at 0.5 mg/kg), BSE-high dose (estimated SFN availability at 1.0 mg/kg), and SFN (0.5 mg/kg). Cardiac function and pathological changes (hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative damage) were assessed by echocardiography and histopathological examination along with Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Both BSE and SFN significantly prevented diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Mechanistically, BSE, like SFN, significantly up-regulated Nrf2 transcriptional activity, evidenced by the increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and its downstream gene expression. This resulted in a significant prevention of cardiac oxidative damage and inflammation. For all these preventive effects, BSE at high dose provided a similar effect as did SFN. These results indicated that BSE at high dose prevents DCM in a manner congruent with SFN treatment. Therefore, it suggests that BSE could potentially be used as a natural and safe treatment against DCM via Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Honglei Ji
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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49
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Zhao R, Choi BY, Lee MH, Bode AM, Dong Z. Implications of Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of CDKN2A (p16(INK4a)) in Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:30-39. [PMID: 27428416 PMCID: PMC4919535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene silencing is highly associated with altered cell cycle regulation during carcinogenesis. In particular, silencing of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene, which encodes the p16(INK4a) protein, has a causal link with several different types of cancers. The p16(INK4a) protein plays an executional role in cell cycle and senescence through the regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 and cyclin D complexes. Several genetic and epigenetic aberrations of CDKN2A lead to enhanced tumorigenesis and metastasis with recurrence of cancer and poor prognosis. In these cases, the restoration of genetic and epigenetic reactivation of CDKN2A is a practical approach for the prevention and therapy of cancer. This review highlights the genetic status of CDKN2A as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Bu Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, Cheongju 361-742, South Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China.
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
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