1
|
Li F, Wu Z, Du Z, Ke Q, Fu Y, Zhan J. Comprehensive molecular analyses and experimental validation of CDCAs with potential implications in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma prognosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33045. [PMID: 38988558 PMCID: PMC11234104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have revealed that the abnormal expression of the cell division cycle-associated gene family (CDCAs) is closely associated with some human cancers. However, the precise functional roles and mechanisms of CDCAs in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) remain unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases were utilized to perform the expression, correlation, survival, mutation, functional enrichment analysis, and immunoinfiltration analyses of CDCAs in KIRP. We found that the expression levels of CDCA genes were significantly increased in KIRP across multiple databases, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Moreover, increased expression of CDCA genes is significantly associated with poor prognosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that pathologic T and N staging, NUF2, CDCA2, CDCA3, CDCA5, CBX2, CDCA7, and CDCA8 were independent prognostic factors for patients with KIRP. Utilizing these nine variables, we developed a nomogram prognostic model. Furthermore, the results of GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses suggested that CDCA genes were associated with nuclear division, mitotic nuclear division, and chromosome segregation and were involved in the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, and cellular senescence. We found that the expression of NUF2, CDCA2, CDCA5, and CBX2 was closely associated with the expression of lymphocytes, immunostimulatory molecules, immunoinhibitory molecules, and chemokines. In summary, NUF2, CDCA2, CDCA3, CDCA5, CBX2, CDCA7, and CDCA8 are potential biomarkers for KIRP diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhenheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiming Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiali Zhan
- Department of General Practice, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun R, Tu X, Chan S, Wang X, Ji Y, Wang Z, Yu Z, Zuo X, Zhang Q, Chen J, Han Q, Wang M, Zhao H, Zhang H, Chen W. CBX2 Deletion Suppresses Growth and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Mettl3-p38/ERK MAPK Signalling Pathway. J Cancer 2024; 15:2123-2136. [PMID: 38495501 PMCID: PMC10937286 DOI: 10.7150/jca.92633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) seriously endangers human health owing to its high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that high expression of CBX2 may be associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. However, its functional role in CRC remains to be elucidated. Herein, we found that CBX2 overexpression in colorectal cancer tissue compared with adjacent tissues. Additionally, forest maps and the nomogram model indicated that elevated CBX2 expression was an independent prognostic factor in CRC. Moreover, we confirmed that the deletion of CBX2 markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, downregulation of CBX2 promotes CRC cell apoptosis and hinders the cell cycle. Mechanistically, our data demonstrated that deletion of CBX2 inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by regulating the protein levels of Mettl3. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CBX2 is a vital tumor suppressor in CRC and could be a promising anti-cancer therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xucan Tu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shixin Chan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yizhong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaomin Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qijun Han
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balraj AS, Muthamilselvan S, Raja R, Palaniappan A. PRADclass: Hybrid Gleason Grade-Informed Computational Strategy Identifies Consensus Biomarker Features Predictive of Aggressive Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231222389. [PMID: 38226611 PMCID: PMC10793196 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231222389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is a common cancer diagnosis among men globally, yet large gaps in our knowledge persist with respect to the molecular bases of its progression and aggression. It is mostly indolent and slow-growing, but aggressive prostate cancers need to be recognized early for optimising treatment, with a view to reducing mortality. METHODS Based on TCGA transcriptomic data pertaining to PRAD and the associated clinical metadata, we determined the sample Gleason grade, and used it to execute: (i) Gleason-grade wise linear modeling, followed by five contrasts against controls and ten contrasts between grades; and (ii) Gleason-grade wise network modeling via weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Candidate biomarkers were obtained from the above analysis and the consensus found. The consensus biomarkers were used as the feature space to train ML models for classifying a sample as benign, indolent or aggressive. RESULTS The statistical modeling yielded 77 Gleason grade-salient genes while the WGCNA algorithm yielded 1003 trait-specific key genes in grade-wise significant modules. Consensus analysis of the two approaches identified two genes in Grade-1 (SLC43A1 and PHGR1), 26 genes in Grade-4 (including LOC100128675, PPP1R3C, NECAB1, UBXN10, SERPINA5, CLU, RASL12, DGKG, FHL1, NCAM1, and CEND1), and seven genes in Grade-5 (CBX2, DPYS, FAM72B, SHCBP1, TMEM132A, TPX2, UBE2C). A RandomForest model trained and optimized on these 35 biomarkers for the ternary classification problem yielded a balanced accuracy ∼ 86% on external validation. CONCLUSIONS The consensus of multiple parallel computational strategies has unmasked candidate Gleason grade-specific biomarkers. PRADclass, a validated AI model featurizing these biomarkers achieved good performance, and could be trialed to predict the differentiation of prostate cancers. PRADclass is available for academic use at: https://apalania.shinyapps.io/pradclass (online) and https://github.com/apalania/pradclass (command-line interface).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stanley Balraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rachanaa Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, UCE, Anna University (BIT campus), Trichy, India
| | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Song Y, Liu Z, Li J, Wang G, Pan H, Zheng Z. miR‑149‑3p suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells by targeting the CBX2/Wnt/β‑catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:562. [PMID: 37954123 PMCID: PMC10632954 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-149-3p/chromobox 2 (CBX2)/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. The expression and clinical significance of miR-149-3p and CBX2 were analyzed using data from public databases. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to measure cell proliferation. Transwell assays were used to assess cell invasion. The results showed that miR-149-3p was downregulated and CBX2 was upregulated in glioma, and that the downregulated expression of miR-149-3p promoted the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, downregulated expression of CBX2 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Dual-luciferase assay indicated that CBX2 is a target gene of miR149-3p. The possible molecular mechanism of CBX2 was probed by western blotting, which showed that it may further affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These present findings demonstrated that miR-149-3p may function as a tumor suppressor miRNA by directly regulating CBX2 and serve important roles in the malignancy of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Heze City, Heze, Shandong 274031, P.R. China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tai'an, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu P, Zhang M, Chen X, Du J, Chen L, He X, Li M. Prognostic value of cell division cycle-associated protein-3 in prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34655. [PMID: 37682152 PMCID: PMC10489371 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was aimed to explore cell division cycle-associated protein-3 (CDCA3) expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, and identification of co-expressed genes of CDCA3 in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Data for CDCA3 mRNA expression in PCa were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Furtherly, CDCA3 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases, including 20 normal prostate samples and 60 PCa samples. Then we used "survival" package to obtain the differentially expressed CDCA3 mRNA associated with prognosis of PCa patients. "pROC" package was used to analyze receiver operating characteristic of CDCA3. We used chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank sum test to identify clinicopathological parameters that correlated with CDCA3 expression. In order to determine the effects of CDCA3 expression and clinicopathological parameters on survival, univariate cox regression analysis was performed. Finally, the co-expressed genes of CDCA3 in PCa were explored by search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS In this study, we found that CDCA3 expression was increased in PCa. PCa patients with higher CDCA3 expression had poor outcomes. In terms of receiver operating characteristic, CDCA3 had an area under the curve of 0.857. High CDCA3 expression was positively correlated with advanced T stage, N stage, Gleason score, and served as an independent predictor of progress free interval in PCa patients. Then 20 proteins closely related to CDCA3 were screened through STRING website. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway was mainly enriched in cell cycle, including 6 genes, BUB1, CCNA2, CDK1, CDC20, TTK, and CCNB2. CONCLUSION CDCA3 is significantly associated with the prognosis of PCa, which may be an indicator of the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa and a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Operating Room, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Urology, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Urology, Xishan People’s Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meilin Li
- Department of Medicine, Wuxi No. 5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Demir Karaman E, Işık Z. Multi-Omics Data Analysis Identifies Prognostic Biomarkers across Cancers. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:44. [PMID: 37489460 PMCID: PMC10366886 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining omics data from different layers using integrative methods provides a better understanding of the biology of a complex disease such as cancer. The discovery of biomarkers related to cancer development or prognosis helps to find more effective treatment options. This study integrates multi-omics data of different cancer types with a network-based approach to explore common gene modules among different tumors by running community detection methods on the integrated network. The common modules were evaluated by several biological metrics adapted to cancer. Then, a new prognostic scoring method was developed by weighting mRNA expression, methylation, and mutation status of genes. The survival analysis pointed out statistically significant results for GNG11, CBX2, CDKN3, ARHGEF10, CLN8, SEC61G and PTDSS1 genes. The literature search reveals that the identified biomarkers are associated with the same or different types of cancers. Our method does not only identify known cancer-specific biomarker genes, but also proposes new potential biomarkers. Thus, this study provides a rationale for identifying new gene targets and expanding treatment options across cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Demir Karaman
- Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Işık
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brubaker LW, Backos DS, Nguyen VT, Reigan P, Yamamoto TM, Woodruff ER, Iwanaga R, Wempe MF, Kumar V, Persenaire C, Watson ZL, Bitler BG. Novel chromobox 2 inhibitory peptide decreases tumor progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37243607 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) is an epigenetic regulator of differentiation and development, consisting of multiple subunits including RING1, BMI1, and Chromobox. The composition of PRC1 dictates its function and aberrant expression of specific subunits contributes to several diseases including cancer. Specifically, the reader protein Chromobox2 (CBX2) recognizes the repressive modifications including histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2). CBX2 is overexpressed in several cancers compared to the non-transformed cell counterparts, it promotes both cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. Thus, inhibiting the reader function of CBX2 is an attractive and unique anti-cancer approach. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS Compared with other CBX family members, CBX2 has a unique A/T-hook DNA binding domain that is juxtaposed to the chromodomain (CD). Using a computational approach, we constructed a homology model of CBX2 encompassing the CD and A/T hook domain. We used the model as a basis for peptide design and identified blocking peptides that are predicted to directly bind the CD and A/T-hook regions of CBX2. These peptides were tested in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION The CBX2 blocking peptide significantly inhibited both 2D and 3D growth of ovarian cancer cells, downregulated a CBX2 target gene, and blunted tumor growth in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay W Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Donald S Backos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vu T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ritsuko Iwanaga
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christianne Persenaire
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zachary L Watson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Yang B, Zhang X, Liu S, Pan X, Ma C, Ma S, Yu D, Wu W. Chromobox proteins in cancer: Multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:36. [PMID: 36734270 PMCID: PMC9937689 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins and are widely involved in biological processes, such as embryonic development, the maintenance of stem cell characteristics and the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Disorder and dysfunction of CBXs in cancer usually lead to the blockade or ectoptic activation of developmental pathways, promoting the occurrence, development and progression of cancer. In the present review, the characteristics and functions of CBXs were first introduced. Subsequently, the expression of CBXs in cancers and the relationship between CBXs and clinical characteristics (mainly cancer grade, stage, metastasis and relapse) and prognosis were discussed. Finally, it was described how CBXs regulate cell proliferation and self‑renewal, apoptosis and the acquisition of malignant phenotypes, such as invasion, migration and chemoresistance, through mechanisms involving epigenetic modification, nuclear translocation, noncoding RNA interactions, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modifications, protein‑protein interactions, signal transduction and metabolic reprogramming. The study also focused on cancer therapies targeting CBXs. The present review provides new insight and a comprehensive basis for follow‑up research on CBXs and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhang Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Pan
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changkai Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Ma
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Department of Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Professor Dehai Yu, Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Wei Wu, Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Q, Tang Y, Hu G, Yuan Z, Zhang S, Sun Y, Yin D, Dong C, Zhao J, Wu G, Huang X, Yang J, Tang Y. Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis identifies cellular senescence as a new therapeutic target for cancer: multi-omics analysis and single-cell sequencing validation. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4103-4119. [PMID: 36225642 PMCID: PMC9548012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cellular senescence has long been recognized as an anti-tumor mechanism, mounting evidence suggests that in some circumstances, senescent cells promote tumor growth and malignancy spread. Therefore, research into the exact relationship between cellular senescence and tumor immunity is ongoing. We analyzed changes in the expression, copy number variation, single-nucleotide variation, methylation, and drug sensitivity of cellular senescence-related genes in 33 tumor types. The cellular senescence score was calculated using the single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis. The correlations between cellular senescence score and prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), and expression of tumor immune-related genes were comprehensively analyzed. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing data were used to assess the activation state of cellular senescence in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression of cellular senescence-associated hub genes varied significantly across cancer types. In these genes, missense mutation was the major type of single nucleotide polymorphism, and heterozygous deletion and heterozygous amplification were the major types of copy number variation. Moreover, the cellular senescence pathway in tumors was sensitive to drugs such as XMD13-2, TPCA-1, methotrexate, and KIN001-102. Furthermore, the cellular senescence score was significantly higher in most cancer types, related to poor prognosis. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as NRP1, CD276, and CD44 was significantly correlated with the cellular senescence score. Monocyte cellular senescence was significantly higher in the TME of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma cells than in normal tissues. The findings of this study provide insights into the important role of cellular senescence in the TIME of human cancers and the effect of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Guimei Hu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Zhuoer Yuan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Shengyue Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Yucao Sun
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - De Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Chencheng Dong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Jiehua Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Guo Wu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| | - Yuntian Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical SciencesGuangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Immunotherapy and Immunosuppressive Signaling in Therapy-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081778. [PMID: 35892678 PMCID: PMC9394279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. Initially, it is androgen-dependent, but it eventually develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is incurable with current androgen receptor signaling target therapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has brought hope for the treatment of this type of prostate cancer. Approaches such as vaccines, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been employed to activate innate and adaptive immune responses to treat prostate cancer, but with limited success. Only Sipuleucel-T and the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab are approved by the US FDA for the treatment of limited prostate cancer patients. Prostate cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in which various immunosuppressive molecules and mechanisms coexist and interact. Additionally, prostate cancer is considered a “cold” tumor with low levels of tumor mutational burden, low amounts of antigen-presenting and cytotoxic T-cell activation, and high levels of immunosuppressive molecules including cytokines/chemokines. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppressive signaling activation and immune evasion will help develop more effective treatments for prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging advances in prostate cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to immune evasion in prostate cancer. At the same time, we also highlight some potential therapeutic targets to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
11
|
The Epigenetic Regulatory Protein CBX2 Promotes mTORC1 Signalling and Inhibits DREAM Complex Activity to Drive Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143491. [PMID: 35884550 PMCID: PMC9321755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox 2 (CBX2) is a chromatin-binding component of polycomb repressive complex 1, which causes gene silencing. CBX2 expression is elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), for which there are few therapeutic options. Here, we aimed to investigate the functional role of CBX2 in TNBC. CBX2 knockdown in TNBC models reduced cell numbers, which was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type CBX2 but not a chromatin binding-deficient mutant. Blocking CBX2 chromatin interactions using the inhibitor SW2_152F also reduced cell growth, suggesting CBX2 chromatin binding is crucial for TNBC progression. RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis of CBX2-depleted cells identified downregulation of oncogenic signalling pathways, including mTORC1 and E2F signalling. Subsequent analysis identified that CBX2 represses the expression of mTORC1 inhibitors and the tumour suppressor RBL2. RBL2 repression, in turn, inhibits DREAM complex activity. The DREAM complex inhibits E2F signalling, causing cell senescence; therefore, inhibition of the DREAM complex via CBX2 may be a key oncogenic driver. We observed similar effects in oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, and analysis of patient datasets suggested CBX2 inhibits RBL2 activity in other cancer types. Therapeutic inhibition of CBX2 could therefore repress mTORC1 activation and promote DREAM complex-mediated senescence in TNBC and could have similar effects in other cancer types.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lercher L, Simon N, Bergmann A, Tauchert M, Bochmann D, Bashir T, Neuefeind T, Riley D, Danna B, Krawczuk P, Pande V, Patrick A, Steele R, Wang W, Rupnow B, Tummino P, Sharma S, Finley M. Identification of Two Non-Peptidergic Small Molecule Inhibitors of CBX2 Binding to K27 Trimethylated Oligonucleosomes. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:306-313. [PMID: 35513262 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the PRC1/2 complex plays a key role in lineage plasticity in prostate cancer and may be required to maintain neuroendocrine phenotype. [1] CBX2, a key component of the canonical PRC1 complex, is an epigenetic reader, recognizing trimethylated lysine on histone 3 (H3K27me3) [2] and is overexpressed in metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer. [3,4] We implemented a screening strategy using nucleosome substrates to identify inhibitors of CBX2 binding to chromatin. Construct design and phosphorylation state of CBX2 were critical for successful implementation and execution of an HTS library screen. A rigorous screening funnel including counter and selectivity assays allowed us to quickly focus on true positive hit matter. Two distinct non-peptide-like chemotypes were identified and confirmed in orthogonal biochemical and biophysical assays demonstrating disruption of CBX2 binding to nucleosomes and direct binding to purified CBX2, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lercher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Nina Simon
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Marcel Tauchert
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - David Bochmann
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Tarig Bashir
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Torsten Neuefeind
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Daniel Riley
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ben Danna
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Paul Krawczuk
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Vineet Pande
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Aaron Patrick
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ruth Steele
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Weixue Wang
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Brent Rupnow
- Oncology Discovery Biology, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter Tummino
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Michael Finley
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Del Gaudio N, Di Costanzo A, Liu NQ, Conte L, Dell'Aversana C, Bove G, Benedetti R, Montella L, Ciardiello F, Carafa V, Ambrosino C, Tucci V, Conte M, Martens JHA, Stunnenberg HG, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. CBX2 shapes chromatin accessibility promoting AML via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:125. [PMID: 35681235 PMCID: PMC9178829 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dynamic epigenome and proteins specialized in the interpretation of epigenetic marks critically contribute to leukemic pathogenesis but also offer alternative therapeutic avenues. Targeting newly discovered chromatin readers involved in leukemogenesis may thus provide new anticancer strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the PRC1 complex member CBX2 is overexpressed in solid tumors and promotes cancer cell survival. However, its role in leukemia is still unclear. Methods We exploited reverse genetic approaches to investigate the role of CBX2 in human leukemic cell lines and ex vivo samples. We also analyzed phenotypic effects following CBX2 silencing using cellular and molecular assays and related functional mechanisms by ATAC-seq and RNA-seq. We then performed bioinformatic analysis of ChIP-seq data to explore the influence of histone modifications in CBX2-mediated open chromatin sites. Lastly, we used molecular assays to determine the contribution of CBX2-regulated pathways to leukemic phenotype. Results We found CBX2 overexpressed in leukemia both in vitro and ex vivo samples compared to CD34+ cells. Decreased CBX2 RNA levels prompted a robust reduction in cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Similarly, sensitivity to CBX2 silencing was observed in primary acute myeloid leukemia samples. CBX2 suppression increased genome-wide chromatin accessibility followed by alteration of leukemic cell transcriptional programs, resulting in enrichment of cell death pathways and downregulation of survival genes. Intriguingly, CBX2 silencing induced epigenetic reprogramming at p38 MAPK-associated regulatory sites with consequent deregulation of gene expression. Conclusions Our results identify CBX2 as a crucial player in leukemia progression and highlight a potential druggable CBX2-p38 MAPK network in AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01603-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Costanzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ning Qing Liu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidio Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Bove
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Liliana Montella
- Medical Oncology Complex Unit, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Valeria Tucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy. .,Biogem Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gu P, Yang D, Zhu J, Zhang M, He X. Bioinformatics analysis of the clinical relevance of CDCA gene family in prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28788. [PMID: 35119046 PMCID: PMC8812703 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer in men worldwide, and its mortality rate is increasing every year. The cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) gene family plays vital roles in the cell cycle process, but an analysis of these proteins in PCa is still lacking. METHODS UALCAN and GEPIA were used to examine the transcriptional data and survival of the CDCA gene family in PCa patients. CDCA genetic alterations, prognostic value of genetic alterations, and correlations of CDCAs with each other in PCa were downloaded from cBioPortal. The functional enrichment data of CDCA-related genes were analyzed using DAVID. RESULTS Six CDCA genes were upregulated in PCa tissues relative to those in normal tissues (P < .001), including NUF2, CDCA2, CDCA3, CDCA5, CBX2, and CDCA8. The expression levels of the 6 CDCAs were related to the tumor Gleason score (P < .05). In addition, survival analysis using GEPIA suggested that PCa patients with increased NUF2, CBX2, and CDCA2/3/5/8 expression levels had poor relapse-free survival (P < .05). Distinct patterns of genetic alterations of the 6 CDCAs were observed in PCa, and pairwise comparison of the mRNA expression of the 6 CDCAs displayed a close relationship. The biological functions of CDCA-related genes are principally associated with the activation of the following pathways: cell cycle, Fanconi anemia pathway, microRNAs in cancer, oocyte meiosis, and homologous recombination. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated CDCA (NUF2, CBX2, and CDCA2/3/5/8) expression in PCa tissues may play a crucial role in the occurrence of PCa. These CDCAs can predict relapse-free survival prognosis and the Gleason score of patients with PCa. Moreover, CDCAs probably exert their functions in tumorigenesis through the cell cycle and miRNAs in the cancer pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu P, Zhang M, Zhu J, He X, Yang D. Suppression of CDCA3 inhibits prostate cancer progression via NF‑κB/cyclin D1 signaling inactivation and p21 accumulation. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:42. [PMID: 34970697 PMCID: PMC8759108 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the cell cycle contributes to tumor progression. Cell division cycle‑associated 3 (CDCA3) is a known trigger of mitotic entry and has been demonstrated to be constitutively upregulated in tumors. It is therefore associated with carcinogenic properties reported in various cancers. However, the role of CDCA3 in prostate cancer is unclear. In the present study, western blotting and analysis of gene expression profiling datasets determined that CDCA3 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer and was associated with a poor prognosis. CDCA3 knockdown in DU145 and PC‑3 cells led to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, with increased protein expression levels of cleaved‑caspase3. Further experiments demonstrated that downregulated CDCA3 expression levels induced G0/G1 phase arrest, which was attributed to increased p21 protein expression levels and decreased cyclin D1 expression levels via the regulation of NF‑κB signaling proteins (NFκB‑p105/p50, IKKα/β, and pho‑NFκB‑p65). In conclusion, these results indicated that CDCA3 may serve a crucial role in prostate cancer and consequently, CDCA3 knockdown may be used as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Minhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Urology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Ren B, Zhuang H, Zhong Y, Nan Y. CBX2 Induces Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion Through the Akt/PI3K Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211045831. [PMID: 34709960 PMCID: PMC8558802 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211045831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Abnormal expression of CBX2 (ChromoBox2) is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor development. TCGA data in UALCAN showed that CBX2 was overexpressed in glioma tissue. To confirm the role of CBX2 in glioma, we regulated the level of CBX2 and conducted colony formation, Transwell, and CCK-8 assays to verify the effect of CBX2. The results showed that CBX2 knockdown reduced glioma cell proliferation and invasion and that the cells were less tumorigenic. CBX2 overexpression induced glioma cell proliferation and invasion and glioma stem cell self-renewal. The animal experiments showed that CBX2 knockdown inhibited glioma growth and improved survival time. CBX2 knockdown inhibited activation of the Akt/PI3K pathway. epidermal growth factor rescued the effects of CBX2. CBX2 could induce the growth and invasion of glioma cells via the Akt/PI3K pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingcheng Ren
- 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhuang
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Nan
- 117865Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang S, C Ordonez-Rubiano S, Dhiman A, Jiao G, Strohmier BP, Krusemark CJ, Dykhuizen EC. Polycomb group proteins in cancer: multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab039. [PMID: 34617019 PMCID: PMC8489530 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are a heterogenous collection of dozens, if not hundreds, of protein complexes composed of various combinations of subunits. PRCs are transcriptional repressors important for cell-type specificity during development, and as such, are commonly mis-regulated in cancer. PRCs are broadly characterized as PRC1 with histone ubiquitin ligase activity, or PRC2 with histone methyltransferase activity; however, the mechanism by which individual PRCs, particularly the highly diverse set of PRC1s, alter gene expression has not always been clear. Here we review the current understanding of how PRCs act, both individually and together, to establish and maintain gene repression, the biochemical contribution of individual PRC subunits, the mis-regulation of PRC function in different cancers, and the current strategies for modulating PRC activity. Increased mechanistic understanding of PRC function, as well as cancer-specific roles for individual PRC subunits, will uncover better targets and strategies for cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Sandra C Ordonez-Rubiano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Brayden P Strohmier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Casey J Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng H, Wang Y, Liu C, Wu T, Chen S, Chen M. Development and Verification of a Prostate Cancer Prognostic Signature Based on an Immunogenomic Landscape Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:711258. [PMID: 34568039 PMCID: PMC8459614 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.711258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high incidence among older men. Until now, there are no immunological markers available to predict PCa patients’ survival. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the immunological characteristics of PCa. Methods First, we retrieved RNA-seq and clinical data of 499 PCa and 52 normal prostate tissue samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 193 differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) between PCa and normal prostate tissues. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the immune system can participate in PCa initiation. Then, we constructed a correlation network between transcription factors (TFs) and IRGs. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and identified five key prognostic IRGs (S100A2, NOX1, IGHV7-81, AMH, and AGTR1). Finally, a predictive nomogram was established and verified by the C-index. Results We successfully constructed and validated an immune-related PCa prediction model. The signature could independently predict PCa patients’ survival. Results showed that high-immune-risk patients were correlated with advanced stage. We also validated the S100A2 expression in vitro using PCa and normal prostate tissues. We found that higher S100A2 expressions were related to lower biochemical recurrences. Additionally, higher AMH expressions were related to higher Gleason score, lymph node metastasis and positive rate, and tumor stages, and higher ATGR1 expressions were related to lower PSA value. Conclusion Overall, we detected five IRGs (S100A2, NOX1, IGHV7-81, AMH, and AGTR1) that can be used as independent PCa prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southestern China University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southestern China University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiange Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southestern China University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southestern China University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southestern China University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Multi-Omic Approaches to Breast Cancer Metabolic Phenotyping: Applications in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and the Development of Novel Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184544. [PMID: 34572770 PMCID: PMC8470181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by high disease heterogeneity and represents the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Complex and subtype-specific gene expression alterations participate in disease development and progression, with BC cells known to rewire their cellular metabolism to survive, proliferate, and invade. Hence, as an emerging cancer hallmark, metabolic reprogramming holds great promise for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Multi-omics approaches (the combined analysis of various types of omics data) offer opportunities to advance our understanding of the molecular changes underlying metabolic rewiring in complex diseases such as BC. Recent studies focusing on the combined analysis of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and/or metabolomics in different BC subtypes have provided novel insights into the specificities of metabolic rewiring and the vulnerabilities that may guide therapeutic development and improve patient outcomes. This review summarizes the findings of multi-omics studies focused on the characterization of the specific metabolic phenotypes of BC and discusses how they may improve clinical BC diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou H, Xiong Y, Liu Z, Hou S, Zhou T. Expression and prognostic significance of CBX2 in colorectal cancer: database mining for CBX family members in malignancies and vitro analyses. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:402. [PMID: 34321009 PMCID: PMC8317347 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chromobox (CBX) domain protein family, a core component of polycomb repressive complexes 1, is involved in transcriptional repression, cell differentiation, and program development by binding to methylated histone tails. Each CBX family member plays a distinct role in various biological processes through their own specific chromatin domains, due to differences in conserved sequences of the CBX proteins. It has been demonstrated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multiple-step biological evolutionary process, whereas the roles of the CBX family in CRC remain largely unclear. Methods In the present study, the expression and prognostic significance of the CBX family in CRC were systematically analyzed through a series of online databases, including Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). For in vitro verification, we performed cell cloning, flow cytometry and transwell experiments to verify the proliferation and invasion ability of CRC cells after knocking down CBX2. Results Most CBX proteins were found to be highly expressed in CRC, but only the elevated expression of CBX2 could be associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Further examination of the role of CBX2 in CRC was performed through several in vitro experiments. CBX2 was overexpressed in CRC cell lines via the CCLE database and the results were verified by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the knockdown of CBX2 significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, the downregulation of CBX2 was found to promote CRC cell apoptosis. Conclusions Based on these findings, CBX2 may function as an oncogene and potential prognostic biomarker. Thus, the association between the abnormal expression of CBX2 and the initiation of CRC deserves further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- The First Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuoliang Liu
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Songlin Hou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan Province, China. .,Institute of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Intestinal Disease, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai J, Yang F, Chen X, Huang H, Miao B. Signature Panel of 11 Methylated mRNAs and 3 Methylated lncRNAs for Prediction of Recurrence-Free Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:797-811. [PMID: 34285549 PMCID: PMC8285280 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s312024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Radical prostatectomy is the main treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), a common cancer type among men. Recurrence frequently occurs in a proportion of patients. Therefore, there is a great need to early screen those patients to specifically schedule adjuvant therapy to improve the recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate. This study aims to develop a biomarker to predict RFS for patients with PCa based on the data of methylation, an important heritable contributor to carcinogenesis. Methods Methylation expression data of PCa patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE26126), and the European Bioinformatics Institute (E-MTAB-6131). The stable co-methylation modules were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The genes in modules were overlapped with differentially methylated RNAs (DMRs) screened by MetaDE package in three datasets, which were used to screen the prognostic genes using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses. The prognostic performance of the prognostic signature was assessed by survival curve analysis. Results Five co-methylation modules were considered preserved in three datasets. A total of 192 genes in these 5 modules were overlapped with 985 DMRs, from which a signature panel of 11 methylated messenger RNAs and 3 methylated long non-coding RNAs was identified. This signature panel could independently predict the 5-year RFS of PCa patients, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.969 for the training TCGA dataset and 0.811 for the testing E-MTAB-6131 dataset, both of which were higher than the predictive accuracy of Gleason score (AUC = 0.689). Also, the patients with the same Gleason score (6–7 or 8–10) could be further divided into the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Conclusion These results suggest that our prognostic model may be a promising biomarker for clinical prediction of RFS in PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Cai
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- General Surgery Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Z, Liu Z, Li C, Liu Q, Tan B, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y. CDCA1/2/3/5/7/8 as novel prognostic biomarkers and CDCA4/6 as potential targets for gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3404-3417. [PMID: 35116645 PMCID: PMC8798863 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence had suggested that cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) family proteins play prominent roles in multiple types of cancer. However, the expression pattern and prognostic value of CDCAs in gastric cancer were still poorly understood. Methods In this study, bioinformatics was used for the first time to comprehensively discuss the expression changes of the CDCA protein family in gastric cancer. We studied the transcription and survival data of CDCAs in patients with gastric cancer in Oncomine, GEPIA, DAVID, cBioportal, and other databases. Results We identified that the CDCA 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 were overexpressed gastric cancer than in normal tissues. There was no significant difference in CDCAs expression among different gastric cancer stages. High expression of CDCA4/6 in patients with gastric cancer was closely related to low overall survival (OS), first progression survival (FPS), and post-progression survival (PPS). In contrast, high CDCA1/2/3/5/7/8 expression predicted a better prognosis. The genetic mutation rate of CDCA2 and CDCA4 was 4%, ranking first. The main biological process of CDCAs protein family enrichment was cell division, the main cell component involved was centromeres of chromosomes, and the main molecular function involved was protein binding. Conclusions The study suggested that CDCA1/2/3/5/7/8 were expected to be new prognostic markers for gastric cancer, and CDCA4/6 might be potential targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Li
- The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang S, Alpsoy A, Sood S, Ordonez-Rubiano SC, Dhiman A, Sun Y, Jiao G, Krusemark CJ, Dykhuizen EC. A Potent, Selective CBX2 Chromodomain Ligand and Its Cellular Activity During Prostate Cancer Neuroendocrine Differentiation. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2335-2344. [PMID: 33950564 PMCID: PMC8358665 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators that facilitate both embryonic development and cancer progression. PcG proteins form Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). PRC2 trimethylates histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a histone mark recognized by the N-terminal chromodomain (ChD) of the CBX subunit of canonical PRC1. There are five PcG CBX paralogs in humans. CBX2 in particular is upregulated in a variety of cancers, particularly in advanced prostate cancers. Using CBX2 inhibitors to understand and target CBX2 in prostate cancer is highly desirable; however, high structural similarity among the CBX ChDs has been challenging for developing selective CBX ChD inhibitors. Here, we utilize selections of focused DNA encoded libraries (DELs) for the discovery of a selective CBX2 chromodomain probe, SW2_152F. SW2_152F binds to CBX2 ChD with a Kd of 80 nM and displays 24-1000-fold selectivity for CBX2 ChD over other CBX paralogs in vitro. SW2_152F is cell permeable, selectively inhibits CBX2 chromatin binding in cells, and blocks neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cell lines in response to androgen deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Aktan Alpsoy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Life Science Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Life Science Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Sandra Carolina Ordonez-Rubiano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Yixing Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Casey J. Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Emily C. Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St. West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He M, Yue L, Wang H, Yu F, Yu M, Ni P, Zhang K, Chen S, Duan G, Zhang R. Evaluation of the prognostic value of CBXs in gastric cancer patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12375. [PMID: 34117289 PMCID: PMC8196000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins were suggested to exert epigenetic regulatory and transcriptionally repressing effects on target genes and might play key roles in the carcinogenesis of a variety of carcinomas. Nevertheless, the functions and prognostic significance of CBXs in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. The current study investigated the roles of CBXs in the prognosis of GC using the Oncomine, The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and cBioPortal databases. CBX1/2/3/4/5 were significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with normal tissues, and CBX7 was downregulated. Multivariate analysis showed that high mRNA expression levels of CBX3/8 were independent prognostic factors for prolonged OS in GC patients. In addition, the genetic mutation rate of CBXs was 37% in GC patients, and genetic alterations in CBXs showed no association with OS or disease-free survival (DFS) in GC patients. These results indicated that CBX3/8 can be prognostic biomarkers for the survival of GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengya He
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Limin Yue
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Longhua District, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, 570216, China. .,Department of Experimentation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mather RL, Parolia A, Carson SE, Venalainen E, Roig-Carles D, Jaber M, Chu SC, Alborelli I, Wu R, Lin D, Nabavi N, Jachetti E, Colombo MP, Xue H, Pucci P, Ci X, Hawkes C, Li Y, Pandha H, Ulitsky I, Marconett C, Quagliata L, Jiang W, Romero I, Wang Y, Crea F. The evolutionarily conserved long non-coding RNA LINC00261 drives neuroendocrine prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1921-1941. [PMID: 33793068 PMCID: PMC8253100 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive disease, whose incidence is rising. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a large family of disease- and tissue-specific transcripts, most of which are still functionally uncharacterized. Thus, we set out to identify the highly conserved lncRNAs that play a central role in NEPC pathogenesis. To this end, we performed transcriptomic analyses of donor-matched patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs) with immunohistologic features of prostate adenocarcinoma (AR+ /PSA+ ) or NEPC (AR- /SYN+ /CHGA+ ) and through differential expression analyses identified lncRNAs that were upregulated upon neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. These genes were prioritized for functional assessment based on the level of conservation in vertebrates. Here, LINC00261 emerged as the top gene with over 3229-fold upregulation in NEPC. Consistently, LINC00261 expression was significantly upregulated in NEPC specimens in multiple patient cohorts. Knockdown of LINC00261 in PC-3 cells dramatically attenuated its proliferative and metastatic abilities, which are explained by parallel downregulation of CBX2 and FOXA2 through distinct molecular mechanisms. In the cell cytoplasm, LINC00261 binds to and sequesters miR-8485 from targeting the CBX2 mRNA, while inside the nucleus, LINC00261 functions as a transcriptional scaffold to induce SMAD-driven expression of the FOXA2 gene. For the first time, these results demonstrate hyperactivation of the LINC00261-CBX2-FOXA2 axes in NEPC to drive proliferation and metastasis, and that LINC00261 may be utilized as a therapeutic target and a biomarker for this incurable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Mather
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandra E Carson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erik Venalainen
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Roig-Carles
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Mustapha Jaber
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shih-Chun Chu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Wu
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Hui Xue
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Perla Pucci
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Xinpei Ci
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cheryl Hawkes
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Yinglei Li
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Crystal Marconett
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ignacio Romero
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada.,The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tao Q, Chen S, Liu J, Zhao P, Jiang L, Tu X, Tang X, Liu Z, Yasheng A, Tuerxun K, Zheng Y. The roles of the cell division cycle-associated gene family in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:781-794. [PMID: 34012666 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The members of the cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) gene family are significant regulators of cell proliferation known to play key roles in various cancers. However, the function of CDCA genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. The aim of this research was to clarify the roles of CDCA family members in HCC using bioinformatics analysis tools. Methods We studied data on the mRNA and protein expression of CDCA genes and survival in patients with HCC using the Oncomine, UALCAN, HPA, CCLE, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, and Metascape databases. Results Significant overexpression of all CDCA members was found in HCC tissues. The expression levels of CDCAs were related to the tumor stage, and high expression levels were correlated with a low survival rate in patients with HCC. Also, we observed a high mutation rate (45%) of CDCAs in the HCC samples, which manifested as deep deletion, amplification, or increased mRNA expression. In the correlation analysis, we found that any 2 CDCA members were significantly positively correlated with each other. Cycle-related genes including AHCTF1, AKT1, BIRC5, CENPF, CENPL, and CENPQ were closely associated with CDCA gene alterations. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that CDCAs may be potential therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators for patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tao
- The Second Department of General surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abudoukeyimu Yasheng
- The Second Department of General surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Kahaer Tuerxun
- The Second Department of General surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Baumann C, Zhang X, De La Fuente R. Loss of CBX2 induces genome instability and senescence-associated chromosomal rearrangements. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152063. [PMID: 32870972 PMCID: PMC7594495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group protein CBX2 is an important epigenetic reader involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. While CBX2 overexpression occurs in a wide range of human tumors, targeted deletion results in homeotic transformation, proliferative defects, and premature senescence. However, its cellular function(s) and whether it plays a role in maintenance of genome stability remain to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that loss of CBX2 in mouse fibroblasts induces abnormal large-scale chromatin structure and chromosome instability. Integrative transcriptome analysis and ATAC-seq revealed a significant dysregulation of transcripts involved in DNA repair, chromocenter formation, and tumorigenesis in addition to changes in chromatin accessibility of genes involved in lateral sclerosis, basal transcription factors, and folate metabolism. Notably, Cbx2−/− cells exhibit prominent decondensation of satellite DNA sequences at metaphase and increased sister chromatid recombination events leading to rampant chromosome instability. The presence of extensive centromere and telomere defects suggests a prominent role for CBX2 in heterochromatin homeostasis and the regulation of nuclear architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng M, Li B, Yang L, Guan Q. CBX2 depletion inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells by inactivating the YAP/β-catenin pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:137. [PMID: 33313949 PMCID: PMC7751489 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common and fast-growing malignancy of the digestive system, which has a high mortality. Chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) has been reported to be highly expressed in cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. It has also been established that CBX2 is upregulated in GC cell lines by searching the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biomolecular role and underlying mechanism of CBX2 in the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. Short hairpin RNA-CBX2 and yes-associated protein (YAP) overexpression plasmids were constructed to regulate CBX2 and YAP expression, respectively. Additionally, the expression of certain mRNAs and proteins involved in the YAP/β-catenin pathway and those associated with cell invasion were assessed by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. The cellular behaviors of MFC cells were analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation wound-healing and Transwell assays. The results of the present study revealed that increased CBX2 expression was observed in GC cell lines compared with normal gastric cells. In addition, CBX2 knockdown inhibited the nuclear cytoplasm translocation of YAP, inducing its phosphorylation, and suppressing the activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. The results also demonstrated that CBX2 depletion inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells by inactivating the YAP/β-catenin pathway. It was determined that CBX2 promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells by activating the YAP/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that CBX2 is involved in the pathogenesis of GC and may represent a novel target for the clinical treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bangxue Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Quanlin Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Identification of the Roles of Chromobox Family Members in Gastric Cancer: A Study Based on Multiple Datasets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5306509. [PMID: 33344640 PMCID: PMC7732380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5306509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background As the important components in polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), Chromobox (CBX) family members are involved in epigenetic regulatory function, transcriptional repression, and other cellular metabolisms. Increasing studies have indicated significant associations between CBX and tumorigenesis, which is a progression in different types of cancers. However, the information about the roles of each CBX in gastric cancer is extremely limited. Methods We explored CBX mRNA expression, corrections with clinicopathological parameters, protein expression, prognostic values, enrichment analysis with several databases including Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and Enrichr. Results In our study, comparing to the normal tissues, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were found in GC tissues while upregulations of CBX1/2/3/4/5/8 and downregulations of CBX7 were indicated to be significantly correlated to the nodal metastasis status and individual cancer stages in GC patients. As for protein level, the expression of CBX2/3/4/5/6 was higher and the expression of CBX7 was lower in the GC tissues than those in the normal. What is more, higher mRNA expression of CBX1/5/6/8 and lower mRNA expression of CBX7 were markedly correlated to poor outcomes of OS and FP in GC patients. Besides, high mutation rate of CBXs (42%) was observed in GC patients. Conclusions We suggest that CBX5/7 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for GC while CBX1/8 may serve as potential prognostic indicators for GC.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu Y, Pan S, Song Y, Pan C, Chen C, Zhu X. The Prognostic Value of the Chromobox Family in Human Ovarian Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:5198-5209. [PMID: 32742466 PMCID: PMC7378907 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic tumors in women and has a poor prognosis. The purpose of our study was to identify new prognostic markers in ovarian cancer. We examined the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of the chromobox (CBX) family in patients with ovarian cancer utilizing the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The prognostic values and expression levels of CBX members associated with prognosis were further evaluated using KM plotter in diverse subgroups and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in ovarian carcinoma. The results revealed that elevated CBX1-3 mRNA expression may predict poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Notably, in women with ovarian cancer, increased CBX1 mRNA expression was linked to a short OS in all stages and in the grade II and grade III subgroups. Additionally, CBX2 and CBX3 were strongly related to short OS in stage III+IV patients, and a link between high CBX3 mRNA expression and unfavorable OS in grade II patients was observed. High expression levels of CBX1 and CBX3 were significantly associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer patients. IHC staining showed that the CBX1-3 proteins were upregulated in serous ovarian carcinoma tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. Therefore, our results indicated that CBX1-3 could be attractive biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu ZH, Fang M, Zhou Y. Comprehensive analysis of the expression and prognosis for CDCAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236678. [PMID: 32716971 PMCID: PMC7384661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a tumor included oral cavity, lips, larynx, oropharynx, and the nasopharynx et al. The cell division cycle-associated (CDCA) protein family (CDCA1-8) critical for normal cell function and cancer cell proliferation. We explored the mutation signatures and expression levels of various CDCAs in detail in HNSCC. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis pipeline based on copy number and gene expressions data from patients with HNSCC in order to given new insights into the possible functions and distinct prognostics that underlie CDCAs regulation. We compared the transcriptional expression of CDCAs in HNSCC and found significantly elevated mRNA expression of CDCA1-8 in HNSCC tissues across multiple datasets. We also found CDCA5/6/8 are over-expressed both transcriptionally and translationally in patients with HNSCC. Our results suggested that that mRNA levels of CDCA1/2/4/7 related to the prognosis and can be used as a new useful biomarker for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. The top 5 CDCAs neighboring gene alterations in HNSCCs were found in MYC, STAG1, RAD21, KLHL9 and NDC80. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model also showed that CD8+ T cells were higher (P<0.05) in HNSCC-HPV-pos patients and that this was related to CDCA1/2/3/4/5/7. This study utilizes online tools to conduct specific gene analyses from free open databases, but our study requires more large-scale genomics research and basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huo W, Tan D, Chen Q. CASC9 Facilitates Cell Proliferation in Bladder Cancer by Regulating CBX2 Expression. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:388-399. [PMID: 32570259 DOI: 10.1159/000507828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the seventh most common urologic carcinoma worldwide, approximately 430,000 patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC) every year. Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of BC. OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to explore the function and mechanism of CASC9 in BC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis and experiments including RT-qPCR, luciferase reporter, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and TUNEL staining were applied to explore the function and mechanism of CASC9 in BC tissues and cell lines. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that CASC9 was upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, we found that CASC9 knockdown notably decreased proliferation while increased apoptotic rate in BC cells. Mechanistically, bioinformatics prediction and following experiments indicated that CASC9 worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of CBX2 through sponging miR-497-5p. Meanwhile, we recognized that CASC9 and miR-497-5p negatively regulated each other in a mutual way. Furthermore, we found that miR-497-5p shared binding site with CBX2. In addition, miR-497-5p could negatively regulated CBX2, while CASC9 could positively regulated CBX2. Rescue assays reveled that CBX2 overexpression could reversed the reduction of cell proliferation or the enhancement of cell apoptosis induced by CASC9 suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our study manifests the first evidence that CASC9 serves as an oncogene in BC and accelerates cell proliferation by modulating miR-497-5p/CBX2 axis. The present study may provide a cogitable target for BC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Huo
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Chongqing Steel Company, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Chongqing Steel Company, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingbiao Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dou Y, Chen F, Lu Y, Qiu H, Zhang H. Effects of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway Regulated by miR-342-5p Targeting CBX2 on Proliferation, Metastasis and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3783-3794. [PMID: 32547214 PMCID: PMC7247607 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway mediated by miR-342-5p targeting CBX2 gene on the proliferation, metastasis, invasion and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and to explore its related regulatory mechanism. Methods Human normal ovarian epithelial cell line IOSE80, human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and OVCAR3 were the subjects. Software were used to predict the binding site of miR-342-5p targeting CBX2 gene. The proliferation rate of ovarian cancer cells was detected by MTT method; the cell viability of each group was observed by colony formation test; the apoptosis of cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry; the invasive ability of cells was determined by transwell test, and the migration ability of cells was detected by scratch test. The mRNA expression levels of miR-342-5p, CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1 were measured by qRT-PCR. Also, Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1. Results CBX2 was identified as the target gene of miR-342-5p. MTT test results showed that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, colony formation assay results indicated that the viability of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells transfected with miR-342-5p decreased significantly, and flow cytometry results suggested that miR-342-5p could promote the apoptosis of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Also, the results of transwell showed that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the invasive ability of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells, and the results of scratch assay suggested that miR-342-5p could significantly inhibit the migration of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Moreover, qRT-PCR and Western blot results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CBX2, Wnt1, β-catenin, C-myc and Cyclin D1 decreased in SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells transfected with miR-342-5p, while the mRNA expression levels of miR-342-5p increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-342-5p targeted gene is CBX2, which can significantly reduce the proliferation, invasion, migration and viability of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3, and promote their apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the mediation of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and down-regulation of the related genes expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qin L, Zeng J, Shi N, Chen L, Wang L. Application of weighted gene co‑expression network analysis to explore the potential diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2533-2543. [PMID: 32323816 PMCID: PMC7185270 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. Although mechanistic studies have been conducted on the pathogenesis of CRC, the molecular mechanism of CRC tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the present study, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed for the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE87211, in order to analyze the key modules involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Next, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed on the key module genes to analyze the functional pathways involved. The hub genes were screened using the Cytoscape platform and verified by a second GEO dataset, GSE21510. Finally, 10 hub genes were identified in 2 key modules (the green and brown modules) as the genes most significantly associated with the tumorigenesis of CRC. The 5 hub genes from the green module included collagen type I α1 chain, collagen type XII α1 chain, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1, inhibin subunit βa (INHBA) and chromobox 2 (CBX2), while the 5 hub genes from the brown module included bestrophin 2 (BEST2), carbonic anhydrase 2, glucagon, solute carrier family 4 member 4 and gliomedin. The 2 key modules with the 10 hub genes identified may regulate the occurrence and development of CRC through the extracellular matrix pathway, PI3K-Akt and chemokine signaling pathways, thus providing a reference for understanding the complex mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC. Of note, few studies have reported the pathogenesis of CRC with the 3 identified hub genes, INHBA, CBX2 and BEST2. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism of these genes in CRC is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qin
- Molecular Laboratory, Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Molecular Laboratory, Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Liu Chen
- Molecular Laboratory, Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Molecular Laboratory, Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang N, Niu G, Pan YH, Pan W, Zhang MF, Zhang CZ, Shen H. CBX4 transcriptionally suppresses KLF6 via interaction with HDAC1 to exert oncogenic activities in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102692. [PMID: 32113161 PMCID: PMC7044754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of polycomb chromobox (CBX) proteins that mediate epigenetic gene silencing contributes to the progression of human cancers. Yet their roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain to be explored. Methods The expression of CBX4 and its clinical significance were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and statistical analyses. The biological function of CBX4 in ccRCC tumor growth and metastasis and the underlying mechanism were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. Findings CBX4 exerts oncogenic activities in ccRCC via interaction with HDAC1 to transcriptionally suppress tumor suppressor KLF6. CBX4 expression is increased in ccRCC and correlated with poor prognosis in two independent cohorts containing 840 patients. High CBX4 expression is significantly associated with Fuhrman grade and tumor lymph node invasion. CBX4 overexpression promotes tumor growth and metastasis, whereas CBX4 knockdown results in the opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, CBX4 downregulates KLF6 via repressing the transcriptional activity of its promoter. Further studies show that CBX4 physically binds to HDAC1 to maintain its localization on the KLF6 promoter. Ectopic expression of KLF6 or disruption of CBX4-HDAC1 interaction attenuates CBX4-mediated cell growth and migration. Furthermore, CBX4 depletion markedly enhances the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi)-induced cell apoptosis and suppression of tumor growth. Interpretation Our data suggest CBX4 as an oncogene with prognostic potential in ccRCC. The newly identified CBX4/HDAC1/KLF6 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for the clinical intervention of ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying-Hua Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510600, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Transcriptional expressions of Chromobox 1/2/3/6/8 as independent indicators for survivals in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3450-3473. [PMID: 30481161 PMCID: PMC6286817 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromobox (CBX) proteins are important components of epigenetic regulation complexes known to play key roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the function of distinct CBXs in HCC. To address this issue, the study investigated the roles of CBXs in the prognosis of HCC using ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, c-BioPortal databases. Over expressions of 8 CBXs members were found to be significantly associated with clinical cancer stages and pathological tumor grades in HCC patients. Besides, higher mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were found to be significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC patients, while higher mRNA expression of CBX7 was associated with favorable OS. Multivariate analysis also showed that high mRNA expressions of CBX1/2/3/6/8 were independent prognostic factors for shorter OS of HCC patients. Moreover, high mutation rate of CBXs (51%) was also observed in HCC patients, and genetic alteration in CBXs was associated with shorter OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Taken together, these results indicated that CBX1/2/3/6/8 could be prognostic biomarkers for survivals of HCC patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rhie SK, Perez AA, Lay FD, Schreiner S, Shi J, Polin J, Farnham PJ. A high-resolution 3D epigenomic map reveals insights into the creation of the prostate cancer transcriptome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4154. [PMID: 31515496 PMCID: PMC6742760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the impact of chromatin structure on regulation of the prostate cancer transcriptome, we develop high-resolution chromatin interaction maps in normal and prostate cancer cells using in situ Hi-C. By combining the in situ Hi-C data with active and repressive histone marks, CTCF binding sites, nucleosome-depleted regions, and transcriptome profiling, we identify topologically associating domains (TADs) that change in size and epigenetic states between normal and prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we identify normal and prostate cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loops and involved transcription factors. For example, we show that FOXA1 is enriched in prostate cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loop anchors. We also find that the chromatin structure surrounding the androgen receptor (AR) locus is altered in the prostate cancer cells with many cancer-specific enhancer-promoter loops. This creation of 3D epigenomic maps enables a better understanding of prostate cancer biology and mechanisms of gene regulation. In prostate cancer, chromatin structure can impact the transcriptome. Here, the authors develop high resolution chromatin interaction maps in prostate cancer cells using in situ Hi-C, revealing prostate cancer-specific TADs and enhancer-promoter loops surrounding the androgen receptor (AR) locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Andrew A Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Fides D Lay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shannon Schreiner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jiani Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jenevieve Polin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Peggy J Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
He YL, Zhang B. Clinical significance of expression of CBX2 in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:872-877. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i14.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is high in recent years and it is very urgent to explore new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
AIM To investigate the expression and clinical significance of chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) in GC cells and tissues.
METHODS The expression levels of CBX2 mRNA and protein in GC cells, normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells, GC tissues, and their adjacent normal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The expression of CBX2 in 66 cases of GC and matched paracancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of CBX2 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of GC patients was analyzed.
RESULTS The expression of CBX2 mRNA in GC cells was higher than that in normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells (P < 0.05). The expression of CBX2 mRNA and protein in GC tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of CBX2 in GC tissues was 40.9% (27/66), and it was 12.1% (8/66) in normal tissues adjacent to cancer. CBX2 was positively expressed in GC tissues. The expression rate was higher than that of adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The expression of CBX2 protein was correlated with tumor metastasis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION CBX2 is overexpressed in GC cells and tissues, and it has a certain degree of connection with the prognosis and outcome of patients with GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lan He
- Department of Oncology, Third People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311115, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jangal M, Lebeau B, Witcher M. Beyond EZH2: is the polycomb protein CBX2 an emerging target for anti-cancer therapy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:565-578. [PMID: 31177918 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1627329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Epigenetic modifications are important regulators of transcription and appropriate gene expression answering an environmental stimulus. In cancer, these epigenetic modifications are altered, which impact the transcriptome, promoting initiation and cancer progression. Thus, targeting epigenetic machinery has proven to be an efficient cancer therapy. Areas covered: We review CBX2 as a therapeutic target. CBX2 is a polycomb protein, responsible for polycomb-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) targeting to chromatin via recognition of the repressive mark H3K27me3. Mechanistically, CBX2 overexpression may be implicated in poor survival by maintaining cancer stem cells in an undifferentiated state and via repression of tumor suppressors. We discuss strategies used to target CBX proteins and provide insights into biomarker considerations that may be important when targeting CBX family members for anti-cancer therapy. Expert opinion: CBX2 inhibition is a promising approach for the targeting of polycomb complexes in the cancer stem cell niche. However, extensive optimization of the current field of small molecules targeting CBX family proteins will be critical to reach in vivo, or clinical, utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maïka Jangal
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Benjamin Lebeau
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Michael Witcher
- a The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liao X, Wang X, Huang K, Han C, Deng J, Yu T, Yang C, Huang R, Liu X, Yu L, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Zeng X, Han B, Han Q, Liu Z, Zhou X, Gong Y, Liu Z, Huang J, Winkler CA, O'Brien SJ, Ye X, Peng T. Integrated analysis of competing endogenous RNA network revealing potential prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:3267-3283. [PMID: 31289599 PMCID: PMC6603367 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of our study is to identify a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network using dysregulated RNAs between HCC tumors and the adjacent normal liver tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, and to investigate underlying prognostic indicators in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Methods: All of the RNA- and miRNA-sequencing datasets of HCC were obtained from TCGA, and dysregulated RNAs between HCC tumors and the adjacent normal liver tissues were investigated by DESeq and edgeR algorithm. Survival analysis was used to confirm underlying prognostic indicators. Results: In the present study, we constructed a ceRNA network based on 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 7 differentially expressed microRNAs and 34 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DELs). Among these dysregulated RNAs, three DELs (AP002478.1, HTR2A-AS1, and ERVMER61-1) and six DEGs (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2], kinesin family member 23 [KIF23], chromobox 2 [CBX2], centrosomal protein 55 [CEP55], cell division cycle 25A [CDC25A], and claspin [CLSPN]) were used for construct a prognostic signature for HCC overall survival (OS), and performed well in HCC OS (adjusted P<0.0001, adjusted hazard ratio = 2.761, 95% confidence interval = 1.838-4.147). Comprehensive survival analysis demonstrated that this prognostic signature may be act as an independent prognostic indicator of HCC OS. Functional assessment of these dysregulated DEGs in the ceRNA network and gene set enrichment of this prognostic signature suggest that both were enriched in the biological processes and pathways of the cell cycle, cell division and cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our current study constructed a ceRNA network for HCC, and developed a prognostic signature that may act as an independent indicator for HCC OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Evidence-based Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Jianlv Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, CCR, NCI and Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick MD. 21702, USA
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, 199004, Russia.,Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, 33004, FL, USA
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mao J, Tian Y, Wang C, Jiang K, Li R, Yao Y, Zhang R, Sun D, Liang R, Gao Z, Wang Q, Wang L. CBX2 Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis via the Phosphorylation of YAP in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:2706-2719. [PMID: 31258779 PMCID: PMC6584921 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromobox 2 (CBX2), a chromobox family protein, is a crucial component of the polycomb group complex: polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Research on CBX2 as an oncogene has been published in recent years. However, the connection between CBX2 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been studied. In this article, based on the results of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of HCC and adjacent liver tissue microarrays, we found that high CBX2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. The results of a CCK8 assay, a clonogenic survival assay and a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay showed that knockdown of CBX2 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. According to the results of Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining-based fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, knockdown of CBX2 increased HCC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the RNA-seq results revealed that knockdown of CBX2 inhibited the expression of WTIP, which is an inhibitor of the Hippo pathway. We used western blotting to validate the mechanism and discovered that knockdown of CBX2 increased the phosphorylation of YAP, which explains why knockdown of CBX2 inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis in HCC cells. In conclusion, CBX2 could be a potential target for HCC anticancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Mao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengye Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Keqiu Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rixin Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Deguang Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenming Gao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Han Q, Li C, Cao Y, Bao J, Li K, Song R, Chen X, Li J, Wu X. CBX2 is a functional target of miRNA let-7a and acts as a tumor promoter in osteosarcoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3981-3991. [PMID: 31150156 PMCID: PMC6639449 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant tumor of skeletal with poor prognosis in children and adolescents. Accumulating evidence indicates that CBX2 is overexpressed in multiple human neoplasm and play a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, its functional role and upstream regulation mechanism in osteosarcoma remain unknown. In the present study, tissue microarray (TMA) analysis was performed to determine the association between CBX2 expression and clinical prognosis of osteosarcoma patients by immunohistochemistry. We also investigated the functional role of CBX2 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we confirmed the direct binding between CBX2 and let‐7a via qPCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay. We found that CBX2 is dramatically upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and high CBX2 expression was correlated with metastasis, recurrence, and chemotherapy response, as well as unfavorable prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Similar results were observed in a sarcoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Further experiments revealed that CBX2 knockdown significantly impeded osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion ability in vitro, and suppressed the tumor growth in tumor xenografts model. Mechanistically, we confirmed that CBX2 is a functional target of miRNA let‐7a. Overexpression of let‐7a inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, which was reversed by CBX2 overexpression. Taken together, our study demonstrates that let‐7a/CBX2 plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma progression. CBX2 could serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qicai Han
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongfei Li
- Department of Hematology, Yinzhou People's Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejian Wu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CBX4 and CBX7 Decrease the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6436825. [PMID: 31211140 PMCID: PMC6532305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6436825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The chromobox (CBX) proteins CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8, also known as Polycomb (Pc) proteins, are canonical components of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Abundant evidence indicates that abnormal expression of Pc proteins is associated with a variety of tumors, but their role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CBX genes and HCC. Methods Nine SNPs on CBX genes (rs7217395, rs2036316 of CBX2; rs3764374, rs1285251, rs2289728 of CBX4; rs7292074 of CBX6; and rs710190, rs139394, rs5750753 of CBX7) were screened and genotyped using MassARRAY technology in 334 HCC cases and 321 controls. The association between SNPs and their corresponding gene expressions was analyzed through bioinformatics methods using the Ensembl database and Blood eQTL browser online tools. Results The results indicated that rs2289728 (G>A) of CBX4 (P = 0.03, OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.94) and rs139394 (C>A) of CBX7 (P = 0.02, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.90) decreased the risk of HCC. Interaction between rs2036316 and HBsAg increased the risk of HCC (P = 0.02, OR = 6.88, 95% CI: 5.20-9.11), whereas SNP-SNP interaction between rs710190 and rs139394 reduced the risk of HCC (P = 0.03, OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12-0.91). Gene expression analyses showed that the rs2289728 A allele and the rs139394 A allele significantly reduced CBX4 and CBX7 expression, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CBX4 rs2289728 and CBX7 rs139394 are protective SNPs against HCC. The two SNPs may reduce the risk of HCC while suppressing the expression of CBX4 and CBX7.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rectenwald JM, Hardy PB, Norris-Drouin JL, Cholensky SH, James LI, Frye SV, Pearce KH. A General TR-FRET Assay Platform for High-Throughput Screening and Characterizing Inhibitors of Methyl-Lysine Reader Proteins. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:693-700. [PMID: 31017815 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219844569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin regulatory complexes localize to specific sites via recognition of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on N-terminal tails of histone proteins (e.g., methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation). Molecular recognition of modified histones is mediated by "reader" protein subunits. The recruited complexes govern processes such as gene transcription, DNA replication, and chromatin remodeling. Dysregulation of histone modifications and consequent downstream effects have been associated with a variety of disease states, leading to an interest in developing small-molecule inhibitors of reader proteins. Herein, we describe a generalized time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay for a panel of methyl-lysine (Kme) reader proteins. These assays are facile, robust, and reproducible. Importantly, this plug-and-play assay can be used for high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns, generation of structure-activity relationships (SARs), and evaluation of inhibitor selectivity. Successful demonstration of this assay format for compound screening is highlighted with a pilot screen of a focused compound set with CBX2. This assay platform enables the discovery and characterization of chemical probes that can potently and selectively inhibit Kme reader proteins to ultimately accelerate studies of chromatin reader proteins in normal biology and disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Rectenwald
- 1 School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Brian Hardy
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline L Norris-Drouin
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie H Cholensky
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey I James
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen V Frye
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Pearce
- 2 Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zheng S, Lv P, Su J, Miao K, Xu H, Li M. Overexpression of CBX2 in breast cancer promotes tumor progression through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1668-1682. [PMID: 30972192 PMCID: PMC6456535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that chromobox homolog 2 (CBX2) is overexpressed in breast cancer and plays an essential role in tumor progression. However, its expression and functional roles in breast cancer development and progression require further exploration. Here, we evaluated CBX2 expression in breast cancer using mRNA expression data from the TCGA database; CBX2 expression was upregulated in breast cancer. Furthermore, upregulated CBX2 expression was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of CBX2 expression in a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort yielded concordant results. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that elevated CBX2 expression was significantly and independently associated with poorer OS of patients in this TMA cohort. Additionally, we performed in vitro functional assays to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of breast cancer cell lines wherein CBX2 was knocked down using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). CBX2 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of CBX2 markedly reduced breast tumorigenesis in xenograft mouse models. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses indicated a positive correlation between high CBX2 expression and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which were further confirmed by western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of mouse tumors. Our findings indicate that CBX2 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Peihua Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Keke Miao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Mengquan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhat AV, Palanichamy Kala M, Rao VK, Pignata L, Lim HJ, Suriyamurthy S, Chang KT, Lee VK, Guccione E, Taneja R. Epigenetic Regulation of the PTEN-AKT-RAC1 Axis by G9a Is Critical for Tumor Growth in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2232-2243. [PMID: 30833420 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer with poor prognosis. As transient and stable modifications to chromatin have emerged as critical mechanisms in oncogenic signaling, efforts to target epigenetic modifiers as a therapeutic strategy have accelerated in recent years. To identify chromatin modifiers that sustain tumor growth, we performed an epigenetic screen and found that inhibition of lysine methyltransferase G9a significantly affected the viability of ARMS cell lines. Targeting expression or activity of G9a reduced cellular proliferation and motility in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis provided mechanistic evidence that the tumor-suppressor PTEN was a direct target gene of G9a. G9a repressed PTEN expression in a methyltransferase activity-dependent manner, resulting in increased AKT and RAC1 activity. Re-expression of constitutively active RAC1 in G9a-deficient tumor cells restored oncogenic phenotypes, demonstrating its critical functions downstream of G9a. Collectively, our study provides evidence for a G9a-dependent epigenetic program that regulates tumor growth and suggests targeting G9a as a therapeutic strategy in ARMS. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that RAC1 is an effector of G9a oncogenic functions and highlight the potential of G9a inhibitors in the treatment of ARMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay V Bhat
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monica Palanichamy Kala
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Rao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Pignata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huey Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudha Suriyamurthy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth T Chang
- Department of Pathology, KK Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor K Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Piqué DG, Montagna C, Greally JM, Mar JC. A novel approach to modelling transcriptional heterogeneity identifies the oncogene candidate CBX2 in invasive breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:746-753. [PMID: 30820027 PMCID: PMC6462018 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenes promote the development of therapeutic targets against subsets of cancers. Only several hundred oncogenes have been identified, primarily via mutation-based approaches, in the human genome. Transcriptional overexpression is a less-explored mechanism through which oncogenes can arise. METHODS Here, a new statistical approach, termed oncomix, which captures transcriptional heterogeneity in tumour and adjacent normal (i.e., tumour-free) mRNA expression profiles, was developed to identify oncogene candidates that were overexpressed in a subset of breast tumours. RESULTS Intronic DNA methylation was strongly associated with the overexpression of chromobox 2 (CBX2), an oncogene candidate that was identified using our method but not through prior analytical approaches. CBX2 overexpression in breast tumours was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression and with poorer 5-year survival. The predicted function of CBX2 was confirmed in vitro, providing the first experimental evidence that CBX2 promotes breast cancer cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Oncomix is a novel approach that captures transcriptional heterogeneity between tumour and adjacent normal tissue, and that has the potential to uncover therapeutic targets that benefit subsets of cancer patients. CBX2 is an oncogene candidate that should be further explored as a potential drug target for aggressive types of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Piqué
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wheeler LJ, Watson ZL, Qamar L, Yamamoto TM, Post MD, Berning AA, Spillman MA, Behbakht K, Bitler BG. CBX2 identified as driver of anoikis escape and dissemination in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:92. [PMID: 30478317 PMCID: PMC6255906 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Chromobox 2 (CBX2), a polycomb repressor complex subunit, plays an oncogenic role in other cancers, but little is known about its role in HGSOC. We hypothesize that CBX2 upregulation promotes HGSOC via induction of a stem-like transcriptional profile and inhibition of anoikis. Examination of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) established that increased CBX2 expression conveyed chemoresistance and worse disease-free and overall survival. In primary HGSOC tumors, we observed CBX2 expression was significantly elevated compared to benign counterparts. In HGSOC cell lines, forced suspension promoted CBX2 expression. Subsequently, CBX2 knockdown inhibited anchorage-independent proliferation and potentiated anoikis-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, CBX2 knockdown re-sensitized cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. Forced suspension promoted increased ALDH activity and ALDH3A1 expression and CBX2 knockdown led to a decrease in both ALDH activity and ALDH3A1 expression. Investigation of CBX2 expression on a HGSOC tissue microarray revealed CBX2 expression was apparent in both primary and metastatic tissues. CBX2 is an important regulator of stem-ness, anoikis escape, HGSOC dissemination, and chemoresistance and potentially serves as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Wheeler
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zachary L Watson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lubna Qamar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Miriam D Post
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amber A Berning
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monique A Spillman
- Gynecologic Oncology, Texas A&M University Medical School, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun D, Cao X, Wang C. Polycomb chromobox Cbx2 enhances antiviral innate immunity by promoting Jmjd3-mediated demethylation of H3K27 at the Ifnb promoter. Protein Cell 2018; 10:285-294. [PMID: 30357595 PMCID: PMC6418077 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb chromobox (CBX) proteins regulate gene transcription by maintaining chromatin states, which guide a variety of biological processes. Now, epigenetic regulation of innate immune response is an emerging field. However, the role of CBX proteins in innate immunity remains unclear. We confirmed that the expression of CBX family proteins, especially Cbx2, was decreased in macrophages upon viral infection, and then we investigated the role of Cbx2 in the antiviral immune response. Silencing or knockdown of Cbx2 in macrophages inhibited virus-induced production of IFN-β. Furthermore, heterozygous Cbx2 knockout were susceptible to VSV challenge. Mechanistically, Cbx2 binds to and recruits Jmjd3 to the Ifnb promoter, leading to demethylation of H3K27me3 and increased transcription of IFN-β. Together, our study reveals a non-traditional function of a Cbx protein and adds new insight into the epigenetic regulation of antiviral innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Sun
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Systemic surfaceome profiling identifies target antigens for immune-based therapy in subtypes of advanced prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4473-E4482. [PMID: 29686080 PMCID: PMC5949005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802354115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is a deadly disease made up of multiple cancer subtypes that evolve during its natural history. Unfortunately, antibody- and cell-based therapies in development that target single tumor antigens found in conventional prostate cancer do not account for this heterogeneity. Here, we show that two major subtypes of advanced prostate cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), exhibit distinct cell-surface expression profiles. Integrated analysis of gene expression and cell-surface protein expression of prostate cancer nominated multiple subtype-specific cell-surface antigens. We specifically characterize FXYD3 and CEACAM5 as targets for immune-based therapies in PrAd and NEPC and provide preliminary evidence of the antigen-specific cytotoxic activity of CEACAM5-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells in NEPC. Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of divergent molecular and histologic subtypes, including prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). While PrAd is the major histology in prostate cancer, NEPC can evolve from PrAd as a mechanism of treatment resistance that involves a transition from an epithelial to a neurosecretory cancer phenotype. Cell surface markers are often associated with specific cell lineages and differentiation states in normal development and cancer. Here, we show that PrAd and NEPC can be broadly discriminated by cell-surface profiles based on the analysis of prostate cancer gene expression datasets. To overcome a dependence on predictions of human cell-surface genes and an assumed correlation between mRNA levels and protein expression, we integrated transcriptomic and cell-surface proteomic data generated from a panel of prostate cancer cell lines to nominate cell-surface markers associated with these cancer subtypes. FXYD3 and CEACAM5 were validated as cell-surface antigens enriched in PrAd and NEPC, respectively. Given the lack of effective treatments for NEPC, CEACAM5 appeared to be a promising target for cell-based immunotherapy. As a proof of concept, engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting CEACAM5 induced antigen-specific cytotoxicity in NEPC cell lines. Our findings demonstrate that the surfaceomes of PrAd and NEPC reflect unique cancer differentiation states and broadly represent vulnerabilities amenable to therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
|