1
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Tosi LL, Templeton K, Pennington AM, Reid KA, Boyan BD. Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Conditions and How They Are Reported. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01150. [PMID: 38954642 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that musculoskeletal tissues are differentiallys regulated by sex hormones in males and females. The influence of sex hormones, in addition to other sex-based differences such as in anatomical alignment and immune-system function, impact the prevalence and severity of disease as well as the types of injuries that affect the musculoskeletal system and the outcomes of prevention measures and treatment. Literature specifically addressing sex differences related to the musculoskeletal system is limited, underscoring the imperative for both basic and clinical research on this topic. This review highlights areas of research that have implications for bone and cartilage health, including growth and development, sports injuries, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone frailty. It is clear that important aspects of the musculoskeletal system have been understudied. Consideration of how sex hormone therapy will affect musculoskeletal tissues in prepuberty, during puberty, and in adults is vital, yet little is known. The purpose of this article is to foster awareness and interest in advancing our understanding of how sex differences influence orthopaedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Tosi
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Andrew M Pennington
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kendall A Reid
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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2
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Putrino A, Marinelli E, Agrillo A, Zaami S. New Perspectives in Third Molar Auto-Transplantation: Literature Review and a Case Report of Clinical, Financial and Forensic Implications. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:473. [PMID: 38541199 PMCID: PMC10972373 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Third molar extraction is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Third molars are considered less functional than other teeth and are often extracted. Sometimes, they are also used for auto-transplantation for the benefit of oral rehabilitation. Since many biological factors are involved in this surgical approach, herein, we outline a review of the biological characteristics of medico-legal/forensic interest, in addition to presenting a successful clinical case. A scoping review of currently available research data (following the principles of PRISMA-ScR or the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) on third molar auto-transplantation was conducted by drawing upon the main databases (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and LILACS) to evaluate biological and clinical characteristics possibly relatable to forensic issues. All the collected data were summarized and elaborated on for the purpose of this article. A patient underwent extraction of the right upper first molar and auto-transplantation of the unerupted ipsilateral third molar. Many biologic and clinical factors are involved in the success of this clinical procedure. Knowledge of third molar anatomy, of its development and viable surgical approaches are all essential elements; just as important are the treatment of the tooth before and after transplantation and the integrity of the periodontal ligament. Follow-up of the clinical case for 5 years made it possible to verify the stability of the procedure over time. Third molar auto-transplantation is feasible and cost-effective. However, the use of third molars as donor teeth in auto-transplantation may have medico-legal implications. The lack of official protocols and consistent evidence-based guidelines for operators still prevent such a procedure from becoming mainstream; therefore, it is viewed with suspicion by clinicians and patients, even though the biological factors herein detected point to a reasonably high degree of safety. The understanding of many specific biological and clinical factors involved in the stability of third molar auto-transplantation allows for a thorough understanding of the forensic implications relevant to clinical practice. Effective communication and information provision are therefore of utmost importance, in the interest of both patients and doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Putrino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Agrillo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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3
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Ortona E, Pagano MT, Capossela L, Malorni W. The Role of Sex Differences in Bone Health and Healing. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:993. [PMID: 37508423 PMCID: PMC10376157 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a long-term and complex process influenced by a huge variety of factors. Among these, there is a sex/gender disparity. Based on significant differences observed in the outcome of bone healing in males and females, in the present review, we report the main findings, hypotheses and pitfalls that could lead to these differences. In particular, the role of sex hormones and inflammation has been reported to have a role in the observed less efficient bone healing in females in comparison with that observed in males. In addition, estrogen-induced cellular processes such as autophagic cell cycle impairment and molecular signals suppressing cell cycle progression seem also to play a role in female fracture healing delay. In conclusion, it seems conceivable that a complex framework of events could contribute to the female bias in bone healing, and we suggest that a reappraisal of the compelling factors could contribute to the mitigation of sex/gender disparity and improve bone healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortona
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pagano
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Capossela
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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Allen JB, Ludtka C, James BD. Sex as a Biological Variable in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:311-331. [PMID: 37104652 PMCID: PMC10312304 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092222-030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Although sex differences have been noted in cellular function and behavior, therapy efficacy, and disease incidence and outcomes, the adoption of sex as a biological variable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine remains limited. Furthering the development of personalized, precision medicine requires considering biological sex at the bench and in the clinic. This review provides the basis for considering biological sex when designing tissue-engineered constructs and regenerative therapies by contextualizing sex as a biological variable within the tissue engineering triad of cells, matrices, and signals. To achieve equity in biological sex within medicine requires a cultural shift in science and engineering research, with active engagement by researchers, clinicians, companies, policymakers, and funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Christopher Ludtka
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Bryan D James
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Dvorakova J, Wiesnerova L, Chocholata P, Kulda V, Landsmann L, Cedikova M, Kripnerova M, Eberlova L, Babuska V. Human cells with osteogenic potential in bone tissue research. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:33. [PMID: 37013601 PMCID: PMC10069154 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration after injury or after surgical bone removal due to disease is a serious medical challenge. A variety of materials are being tested to replace a missing bone or tooth. Regeneration requires cells capable of proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue. Although there are many possible human cell types available for use as a model for each phase of this process, no cell type is ideal for each phase. Osteosarcoma cells are preferred for initial adhesion assays due to their easy cultivation and fast proliferation, but they are not suitable for subsequent differentiation testing due to their cancer origin and genetic differences from normal bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are more suitable for biocompatibility testing, because they mimic natural conditions in healthy bone, but they proliferate more slowly, soon undergo senescence, and some subpopulations may exhibit weak osteodifferentiation. Primary human osteoblasts provide relevant results in evaluating the effect of biomaterials on cellular activity; however, their resources are limited for the same reasons, like for mesenchymal stem cells. This review article provides an overview of cell models for biocompatibility testing of materials used in bone tissue research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Dvorakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Wiesnerova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Chocholata
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Kulda
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Landsmann
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Cedikova
- Biomedical Center, Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kripnerova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Lada Eberlova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Babuska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
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6
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Thompson AR, Joyce M, Stratton K, Orwoll ES, Carlson HL, Carlson NL, Marshall LM. Lifetime Smoking History and Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Density in U.S. Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:323-331. [PMID: 36399604 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is common among older adults. Women are more likely to have osteoporosis than men. The prevalence varies with race/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence observed among non-Hispanic, Asian women. Prior studies identified a negative association between smoking and bone mineral density (BMD). The association between smoking and osteoporosis has not been investigated according to race/ethnicity. Materials and Methods: We included 4,226 U.S. adults aged 50 years or older with complete information on smoking history, BMD, and other independent variables from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Design-based multinomial logistic regression was utilized to estimate prevalence odds ratios (POR) of osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2.5) and of low bone density (T-score between -1.0 and -2.5) in relation to lifetime smoking pack-years, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Results: Participants were 61.5 (standard error 0.21) years old on average and 48% women (n = 2,027). Among women, a smoking history ≥30 pack-years was positively associated with osteoporosis (POR: 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-4.06). Similar POR were observed among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American women. However, POR for ≥30 pack-years and low bone density were positive but not statistically significant. Among men, null associations of smoking history, osteoporosis, and low bone density were observed, except for a positive association of ≥30 pack-years and low bone density among non-Hispanic Black men. Conclusion: Osteoporosis was twice as prevalent among women who smoked ≥30 pack-years than among women who never smoked, regardless of race/ethnicity. Smoking history and osteoporosis were not associated among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Thompson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Molly Joyce
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kalera Stratton
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hans L Carlson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nels L Carlson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lynn M Marshall
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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7
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Ma C, Yang C, Xie T, Dai W, Ma J. Meta-Analysis of Mechanism of Influence of CRY2 on the Differentiation of Mouse Osteoblast through the Regulation of Wnt/ Β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3727165. [PMID: 36046448 PMCID: PMC9420604 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3727165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs were discovered to control a variety of developmental mechanisms, including osteogenesis. According to emerging evidence, cryptochrome circadian-regulating (CRY) proteins have emerged as essential controllers of osteoblast differentiation. The linked processes, on the other hand, are still unknown. The specific process that underpins osteoblast differentiation and proliferation is yet unknown. This research gives a meta-analysis of CRY2's impact on mouse osteoblast differentiation via the control of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to identify Cry2 expression levels, components in the osteoblast-associated signaling pathway, and osteoblast transcription markers. The osteogenic condition was measured utilizing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red (AR) staining, whereas cell growth rates were measured using CCK8 assays. An ectopic bone formation experiment was used to determine the osteogenic potential of osteoblasts. Cry2 stimulates the osteogenic development of mouse osteoblasts through canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, according to the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chaojian Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenjuan Dai
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun Ma
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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8
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Levit MM, Puetzer JL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Hydrophilic implants generated using a low-cost dielectric barrier discharge plasma device at the time of placement exhibit increased osseointegration in an animal pre-clinical study: An effect that is sex-dependent. Dent Mater 2022; 38:632-645. [PMID: 35184898 PMCID: PMC9123943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased wettability of titanium and titanium alloy surfaces due to processing and storage methods increases osteoprogenitor cell differentiation and osseointegration compared to microroughness alone. Implants that are exposed to air have a hydrophobic surface due to adsorption of atmospheric hydrocarbons, which can limit overall implant success. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) is one method to increase surface hydrophilicity. Although current DBD methods yield a hydrophilic surface, adsorbed hydrocarbons rapidly restore hydrophobicity. We demonstrated that application of DBD to implants previously packaged in a vacuum, generates a hydrophilic surface that supports osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and this can be done immediately prior to use. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that DBD treatment to alter surface wettability at the time of implant placement will improve osseointegration in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty male and sixteen female rabbits were used in a preclinical trans-axial femur model of osseointegration. Control and DBD treatment implants were inserted randomized per hind limb in each rabbit (1 implant/hind-limb). At 6 weeks post-surgery, bone-to-implant contact, adjacent bone volume, and torque to failure were assessed by micro-CT, calcified histology, and mechanical testing. RESULTS DBD plasma treatment of vacuum-sealed implants increased surface wettability and did not change surface chemistry or roughness. Peak torque and torsional energy, and bone-to-implant contact increased with DBD treatment in males. In contrast, female rabbits showed increased osseointegration equal to DBD treated male implants regardless of DBD plasma treatment. CONCLUSION DBD treatment is an effective method to enhance osseointegration by increasing surface wettability; however, this response is sex dependent. In healthy female patients, DBD treatment may not be necessary but in older patients or patients with compromised bone, this treatment could be an effective measure to ensure implant success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael M Levit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Jennifer L Puetzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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9
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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying Sex-Specific Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:57-88. [PMID: 34921676 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies strongly suggest that many of the diseases are sex-biased. It has long been suggested that biological sex differences are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases; however, how biological sex affects disease initiation, progression, and severity is not well-understood. Sex is a critical biological variable that should be taken into account in basic research, and this review aims to highlight the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models for studying sex-specific differences in neurodegenerative diseases, with advantages and limitations. In vitro systems utilizing species-specific, renewable, and physiologically relevant cell sources can provide powerful platforms for mechanistic studies, toxicity testings, and drug discovery. Matched healthy, patient-derived, and gene-corrected human iPSCs, from both sexes, can be utilized to generate neuronal and glial cell types affected by specific neurodegenerative diseases to study sex-specific differences in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human culture systems. Such relatively simple and well-controlled systems can significantly contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences, which can yield effective, and potentially sex-based strategies, against neurodegenerative diseases.
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10
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Deng J, Cohen DJ, Redden J, McClure MJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Differential Effects of Neurectomy and Botox-induced Muscle Paralysis on Bone Phenotype and Titanium Implant Osseointegration. Bone 2021; 153:116145. [PMID: 34390886 PMCID: PMC8480339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic bone is highly innervated by both sensory and sympathetic nerves. In addition to skeletal development, neural regulation participates in local bone remodeling, which is important for successful osseointegration of titanium implants. Neurectomy is a model used to investigate the lack of neural function on bone homeostasis, but the relative impacts of direct denervation to bone or denervation-induced muscle paralysis are less well defined. To investigate this difference, we used two nerve intervention models, sciatic and femoral neurectomy (SFN) v. botox-induced muscle paralysis (BTX) and assessed the resulting femoral bone phenotype and Ti implant osseointegration. Male Sprague Dawley rats (19) were randomly divided into three groups: implant control (n = 5), SFN (n = 7), and BTX (n = 7). Ti implants (microrough/hydrophilic [modSLA], Institut Straumann AG) were placed in the distal metaphysis of each femur on day 24 post-SFN or BTX. Bone and muscle were examined on day 28 after implant insertion. Both nerve intervention models impaired osseointegration. MicroCT and histology indicated that both models had reduced trabecular bone formation. Only BTX reduced cortical bone formation and increased cortical bone porosity. BTX resulted in more bone loss characterized by the least trabecular and cortical bone, as well as osseointegration. Osteoblasts isolated from the tibia exhibited a model-specific phenotype when they were grown on Ti substrates in vitro. Neurectomy caused more severe muscle atrophy than botox injection. These results indicate that neural regulation directly modulates bone formation and osseointegration. Muscle paralysis modulated the effects of loss of neural inputs into bone, supporting the hypothesis that mechanical loading of bone is a factor in achieving successful osseointegration. The different effects of botox and neurectomy on bone phenotype indicated that the sensory and sympathetic nerves had a role in the osseointegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - James Redden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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11
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Whitaker R, Hernaez-Estrada B, Hernandez RM, Santos-Vizcaino E, Spiller KL. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Tissue Repair. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11305-11335. [PMID: 34415742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All implanted biomaterials are targets of the host's immune system. While the host inflammatory response was once considered a detrimental force to be blunted or avoided, in recent years, it has become a powerful force to be leveraged to augment biomaterial-tissue integration and tissue repair. In this review, we will discuss the major immune cells that mediate the inflammatory response to biomaterials, with a focus on how biomaterials can be designed to modulate immune cell behavior to promote biomaterial-tissue integration. In particular, the intentional activation of monocytes and macrophages with controlled timing, and modulation of their interactions with other cell types involved in wound healing, have emerged as key strategies to improve biomaterial efficacy. To this end, careful design of biomaterial structure and controlled release of immunomodulators can be employed to manipulate macrophage phenotype for the maximization of the wound healing response with enhanced tissue integration and repair, as opposed to a typical foreign body response characterized by fibrous encapsulation and implant isolation. We discuss current challenges in the clinical translation of immunomodulatory biomaterials, such as limitations in the use of in vitro studies and animal models to model the human immune response. Finally, we describe future directions and opportunities for understanding and controlling the biomaterial-immune system interface, including the application of new imaging tools, new animal models, the discovery of new cellular targets, and novel techniques for in situ immune cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Whitaker
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Beatriz Hernaez-Estrada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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James BD, Allen JB. Sex-Specific Response to Combinations of Shear Stress and Substrate Stiffness by Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100735. [PMID: 34142471 PMCID: PMC8458248 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By using a full factorial design of experiment, the combinatorial effects of biological sex, shear stress, and substrate stiffness on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) spreading and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity are able to be efficiently evaluated. Within the range of shear stress (0.5-1.5 Pa) and substrate stiffness (10-100 kPa), male HUVECs are smaller than female HUVECs. Only with sufficient mechanical stimulation do they spread to a similar size. More importantly, YAP1 nuclear localization in female HUVECs is invariant to mechanical stimulation within the range of tested conditions whereas for male HUVECs it increases nonlinearly with increasing shear stress and substrate stiffness. The sex-specific response of HUVECs to combinations of shear stress and substrate stiffness reinforces the need to include sex as a biological variable and multiple mechanical stimuli in experiments, informs the design of precision biomaterials, and offers insight for understanding cardiovascular disease sexual dimorphisms. Moreover, here it is illustrated that different complex mechanical microenvironments can lead to sex-specific phenotypes and sex invariant phenotypes in cultured endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
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Sartori M, Graziani G, Sassoni E, Pagani S, Boi M, Maltarello MC, Baldini N, Fini M. Nanostructure and biomimetics orchestrate mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation: An in vitro bioactivity study on new coatings for orthopedic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112031. [PMID: 33812646 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the appropriate material having suitable compositional and morphological surface characteristics, is a crucial step in the development of orthopedic implants. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate, on this regard, the influence of two important hits, i.e., biogenic apatite with bone-like composition and nanostructured morphology, providing the evidence of the efficacy of nanostructured biogenic apatite coatings in favoring adhesion, growth, proliferation, and in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) isolated from the bone marrow. The specific features of this coating in terms of topographical and biochemical cues, obtained by Ionized Jet Deposition, are perceived by hMSCs, as suggested by changes in different morphologic parameters as Aspect Ratio or Elongation index, suggesting the impact exerted by the nanostructure on early adhesion events, cytoskeleton organization, and cells fate. In addition, the nanostructured CaP coating sustained the metabolic activity of the cells and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of MSC by supporting the osteogenesis-related gene expression. These findings support the use of a combined approach between technological advancement and instructive surfaces, both from the topographical and the biochemical point of view, in order to manufacture smart biomaterials able to respond to different needs of the orthopedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sartori
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- University of Bologna, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pagani
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Maltarello
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; University of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Massarenti 9, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS - Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Ionized jet deposition of antimicrobial and stem cell friendly silver-substituted tricalcium phosphate nanocoatings on titanium alloy. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2629-2642. [PMID: 34027240 PMCID: PMC8121618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic infections pose severe societal and economic burden and interfere with the capability of the implanted devices to integrate in the host bone, thus significantly increasing implants failure rate. To address infection and promote integration, here nanostructured antibacterial and bioactive thin films are proposed, obtained, for the first time, by Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) of silver-substituted tricalcium phosphate (Ag-TCP) targets on titanium. Coatings morphology, composition and mechanical properties are characterized and proof-of-concept of biocompatibility is shown. Antimicrobial efficacy is investigated against four Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and against C. albicans fungus, by investigating the modifications in planktonic bacterial growth in the absence and presence of silver. Then, for all bacterial strains, the capability of the film to inhibit bacterial adhesion is also tested. Results indicate that IJD permits a fine control over films composition and morphology and deposition of films with suitable mechanical properties. Biological studies show a good efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and against fungus Candida albicans, with evidences of efficacy against planktonic growth and significant reduction of bacterial cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects are evidenced for equine adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), as no reductions are caused to cells viability and no interference is assessed in cells differentiation towards osteogenic lineage, in the presence of silver. Instead, thanks to nanostructuration and biomimetic composition, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) coatings favor cells viability, also when silver-substituted. These findings show that silver-substituted nanostructured coatings are promising for orthopedic implant applications. Silver-substituted TCP films on titanium are prepared by Ionized Jet Deposition Films are nanostructured, hard, with submicron thickness Adipose mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteogenic lineage on the surface of films Films show antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity against several microorganisms Films are promising for application in orthopedic titanium implants
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James BD, Guerin P, Allen JB. Let's Talk About Sex-Biological Sex Is Underreported in Biomaterial Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001034. [PMID: 33043626 PMCID: PMC7791002 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to better individualize healthcare. It requires that biomaterials be designed for the physiological characteristics of a specific patient. To make this a reality, biomaterials research and development must address differences of biological sex. More specifically, biomaterials should be designed with properties optimized and appropriate for male and female patients. In analyzing research articles from seven prominent biomaterials journals, sex as a biological variable is missing from an overwhelming majority of in vitro biomaterial studies. From the survey, the reporting of the sex of primary cell cultures happened only 10.3% of the time. Contributing to this trend is that commercial vendors bias cell lines toward one sex or another by not disclosing information of cell line sex at the time of purchase; researchers do not communicate this pertinent information in published studies; and many journal policies have little to no requirements for reporting cell line characteristics. Omitting this valuable information leads to a gap in the understanding of sex-specific cell-biomaterial interactions and it creates a bias in research findings towards one sex or another. To curb this concerning trend and make precision biomaterials a reality will require the biomaterials field to "talk about sex" by reporting cell sex more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
| | - Paxton Guerin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
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KATİCA M, TEPEKOY F. The effect of Calcitriol 1,25 (OH)2 - D3 on osteoblast-like cell proliferation during in vitro cultivation. MEHMET AKIF ERSOY ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.24880/maeuvfd.653000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Van Doorne L, De Kock L, De Moor A, Shtino R, Bronkhorst E, Meijer G, De Bruyn H. Flaplessly placed 2.4-mm mini-implants for maxillary overdentures: a prospective multicentre clinical cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:384-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abo-Aziza FAM, Zaki AA, Amer AS, Lotfy RA. Dihydrotestosterone and 17-Estradiol Enhancement of in vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Castrated Male Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (rBMMSCs). Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:208-219. [PMID: 31871596 PMCID: PMC6925365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In vitro impact of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17-estradiol (E2) in osteogenic differentiation of castrated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSC) still need to be clarified. Materials and Methods: The viability, proliferation and density of cultured rBMMSC isolated from sham operated (Sham) and castrated (Cast) male rats were evaluated. rBMMSC were cultured with osteogenic differentiating medium (ODM) in the presence of DHT (5,10 nM) and E2 (10,100 nM). Osteogenesis was evaluated by alizarin red staining and measurement of calcium deposition and bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) activity. Results: Population doubling (PD) of rBMMSC isolated from Cast rats was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to that isolated from Sham rats. rBMMSC from Cast rats showed low scattered calcified nodule after culturing in ODM and did not cause a significant increase in calcium deposition and B-ALP activity compared to rBMMSCs from Sham rats. Exposure of rBMMSC isolated from Cast rats to DHT (5 nM) or E2 (10 nM) in ODM showed medium scattered calcified nodules with significantly higher (P<0.05) calcium deposition and B-ALP activity. Moreover, exposure of rBMMSC to DHT (10 nM) or E2 (100 nM) showed high scattered calcified nodules with higher (P<0.01) calcium deposition and B-ALP activity Conclusion: These results indicated that the presence of testes might participate in controlling the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation capacity of rBMMSCs. DHT and E2 can enhance the osteogenic capacity of rBMMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these observations, optimum usage of DHT and E2 can overcome the limitations of MSCs and advance the therapeutic bone regeneration potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- FAM Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - AA Zaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - AS Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - RA Lotfy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Peng Z, Ni J. Surface properties and bioactivity of TiO 2 nanotube array prepared by two-step anodic oxidation for biomedical applications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181948. [PMID: 31183127 PMCID: PMC6502370 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A highly ordered TiO2 nanotube array has been prepared on a commercial pure titanium substrate in a hydrofluoric (HF) electrolyte using a DC power source through two-step anodic oxidation. The morphology, composition, wettability and surface energy of the nanotube array have been characterized by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), a transmission electron microscope (JEM-2010) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer EDX (INCA OXFORD), X-ray diffraction method, an atomic force microscope (AFM), an optical contact angle measuring device and the Owens method with two liquids. The electrochemical behaviours of anodic oxidation films with different structures have been investigated in Sodium Lactate Ringer's Injection at 37±1°C by potentiodynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The formation mechanism of the nanotube array and the advantages of two-step oxidation have been discussed according to the experimental observation and the characterized results. Meanwhile, the structural changes of nanotubes are analysed according to the results of impedance spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity testing and cell adhesion and proliferation have been studied in order to evaluate the bioactivity of the nanotube array film. The diameters of nanotubes are in the range of 120-140 nm. The nanotube surface shows better wettability and higher surface energy compared to the bare substrate. The nanotube surface exhibits a wide passivation range and good corrosion resistance. The growth of the nanotube array is the result of the combined action of the anodization and field-assisted dissolution. The nanotube array by two-step oxidation becomes more regular and orderly. Moreover, the nanotube array surface is non-toxic and favourable to cell adhesion and proliferation. Such nanotube array films are expected to have significant biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Ni
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Jiahua Ni e-mail:
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A protocol for isolation and identification and comparative characterization of primary osteoblasts from mouse and rat calvaria. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:173-182. [PMID: 30887273 PMCID: PMC6556159 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Calvaria from neonatal mouse and rat is ideal resource for osteoblasts but can be easily contaminated by other cells such as fibroblasts. Here, we established a protocol for isolation and purification of primary osteoblast by enzyme sequential digestion and differential adhesion. In addition, we compared the phenotypic and functional traits of osteoblasts from mouse and rat which are commonly employed in studies. The method applied equally to rat and mouse in osteoblasts isolation and was corroborated its feasibility and validity. The results also provided us evidences for other experiments such as choosing a certain time point to give intervention and do the relevant tests.
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