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Kemfack AM, Hernández-Morato I, Moayedi Y, Pitman MJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Left Versus Right Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Associated with Innervation. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3741-3753. [PMID: 38721727 PMCID: PMC11245368 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury diagnosed as idiopathic or due to short-term surgery-related intubation exhibits a higher incidence of left-sided paralysis. While this is often attributed to nerve length, it is hypothesized there are asymmetric differences in the expression of genes related to neuromuscular function that may impact reinnervation and contribute to this laterality phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, this study analyzes the transcriptome profiles of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs), comparing gene expression in the left versus right, with particular attention to genetic pathways associated with neuromuscular function. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory experiment. METHODS RNA was extracted from the left and right sides of the rat posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), lateral thyroarytenoid (LTA), and medial thyroarytenoid (MTA), respectively. After high-throughput RNA-Sequencing, 88 samples were organized into 12 datasets according to their age (P15/adult), sex (male/female), and muscle type (PCA/LTA/MTA). A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the left-right ILMs across different conditions. RESULTS A total of 774 differentially expressed genes were identified across the 12 experimental groups, revealing age, sex, and muscle-specific differences between the left versus right ILMs. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways implicated several genes with a left-right laryngeal muscle asymmetry. These genes are associated with neuronal and muscular physiology, immune/inflammatory response, and hormone control. CONCLUSION Bioinformatics analysis confirmed divergent transcriptome profiles between the left-right ILMs. This preliminary study identifies putative gene targets that will characterize ILM laterality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 134:3741-3753, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Kemfack
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. New York, NY
| | - Ignacio Hernández-Morato
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. New York, NY
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid. Madrid (Spain)
| | - Yalda Moayedi
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. New York, NY
- Pain Research Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York University. New York, NY
| | - Michael J. Pitman
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center. New York, NY
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Bao Z, Cui C, Liu C, Long Y, Wong RMY, Chai S, Qin L, Rubin C, Yip BHK, Xu Z, Jiang Q, Chow SK, Cheung W. Prevention of age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration in sarcopenia by low-magnitude high-frequency vibration. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14156. [PMID: 38532712 PMCID: PMC11258441 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degeneration is one of pathological factors of sarcopenia. Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) was reported effective in alleviating the sarcopenia progress. However, no previous study has investigated treatment effects of LMHFV targeting NMJ degeneration in sarcopenia. We first compared morphological differences of NMJ between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects, as well as young and old C57BL/6 mice. We then systematically characterized the age-related degeneration of NMJ in SAMP8 against its control strain, SAMR1 mice, from 3 to 12 months old. We also investigated effects of LMHFV in SAMP8 on the maintenance of NMJ during the onset of sarcopenia with respect to the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK-Dok7 pathway and investigated the mechanism related to ERK1/2 signaling. We observed sarcopenic/old NMJ presented increased acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) cluster fragmentation and discontinuity than non-sarcopenic/young NMJ. In SAMP8, NMJ degeneration (morphologically at 6 months and functionally at 8 months) was observed associated with the sarcopenia onset (10 months). SAMR1 showed improved NMJ morphology and function compared with SAMP8 at 10 months. Skeletal muscle performance was improved at Month 4 post-LMHFV treatment. Vibration group presented improved NMJ function at Months 2 and 6 posttreatment, accompanied with alleviated morphological degeneration at Month 4 posttreatment. LMHFV increased Dok7 expression at Month 4 posttreatment. In vitro, LMHFV could promote AChRs clustering in myotubes by increasing Dok7 expression through suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, NMJ degeneration was observed associated with the sarcopenia onset in SAMP8. LMHFV may attenuate NMJ degeneration and sarcopenia progression by increasing Dok7 expression through suppressing ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Bao
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Can Cui
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yufeng Long
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Senlin Chai
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Clinton Rubin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin Hon Kei Yip
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Qing Jiang
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Simon Kwoon‐Ho Chow
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wing‐Hoi Cheung
- Musculoskleletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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3
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Ruple BA, Mattingly ML, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Kontos NJ, Agyin-Birikorang A, Michel JM, Plotkin DL, Chen SY, Ziegenfuss TN, Fruge AD, Gladden LB, Robinson AT, Mobley CB, Mackey AL, Roberts MD. The effects of resistance training on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in middle-aged adults. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23621. [PMID: 38651653 PMCID: PMC11047210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302103rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Denervated myofibers and senescent cells are hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging. However, sparse research has examined how resistance training affects these outcomes. We investigated the effects of unilateral leg extensor resistance training (2 days/week for 8 weeks) on denervated myofibers, senescent cells, and associated protein markers in apparently healthy middle-aged participants (MA, 55 ± 8 years old, 17 females, 9 males). We obtained dual-leg vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), VL biopsies, and strength assessments before and after training. Fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA), satellite cells (Pax7+), denervated myofibers (NCAM+), senescent cells (p16+ or p21+), proteins associated with denervation and senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) proteins were analyzed from biopsy specimens. Leg extensor peak torque increased after training (p < .001), while VL mCSA trended upward (interaction p = .082). No significant changes were observed for Type I/II fCSAs, NCAM+ myofibers, or senescent (p16+ or p21+) cells, albeit satellite cells increased after training (p = .037). While >90% satellite cells were not p16+ or p21+, most p16+ and p21+ cells were Pax7+ (>90% on average). Training altered 13 out of 46 proteins related to muscle-nerve communication (all upregulated, p < .05) and 10 out of 19 proteins related to cellular senescence (9 upregulated, p < .05). Only 1 out of 17 SASP protein increased with training (IGFBP-3, p = .031). In conclusion, resistance training upregulates proteins associated with muscle-nerve communication in MA participants but does not alter NCAM+ myofibers. Moreover, while training increased senescence-related proteins, this coincided with an increase in satellite cells but not alterations in senescent cell content or SASP proteins. These latter findings suggest shorter term resistance training is an unlikely inducer of cellular senescence in apparently healthy middle-aged participants. However, similar study designs are needed in older and diseased populations before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abigail L. Mackey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Tøien T, Nielsen JL, Berg OK, Brobakken MF, Nyberg SK, Espedal L, Malmo T, Frandsen U, Aagaard P, Wang E. The impact of life-long strength versus endurance training on muscle fiber morphology and phenotype composition in older men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1360-1371. [PMID: 37881849 PMCID: PMC10979801 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00208.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is typically associated with decreased muscle strength and rate of force development (RFD), partly explained by motor unit remodeling due to denervation, and subsequent loss of fast-twitch type II myofibers. Exercise is commonly advocated to counteract this detrimental loss. However, it is unclear how life-long strength versus endurance training may differentially affect markers of denervation and reinnervation of skeletal myofibers and, in turn, affect the proportion and morphology of fast-twitch type II musculature. Thus, we compared fiber type distribution, fiber type grouping, and the prevalence of atrophic myofibers (≤1,494 µm2) in strength-trained (OS) versus endurance-trained (OE) master athletes and compared the results to recreationally active older adults (all >70 yr, OC) and young habitually active references (<30 yr, YC). Immunofluorescent stainings were performed on biopsy samples from vastus lateralis, along with leg press maximal strength and RFD measurements. OS demonstrated similar type II fiber distribution (OS: 52.0 ± 16.4%; YC: 51.1 ± 14.4%), fiber type grouping, maximal strength (OS: 170.0 ± 18.9 kg, YC: 151.0 ± 24.4 kg), and RFD (OS: 3,993 ± 894 N·s-1, YC: 3,470 ± 1,394 N·s-1) as young, and absence of atrophic myofibers (OS: 0.2 ± 0.7%; YC: 0.1 ± 0.4%). In contrast, OE and OC exhibited more atrophic fibers (OE: 1.2 ± 1.0%; OC: 1.1 ± 1.4%), more grouped fibers, and smaller proportion of type II fibers (OE: 39.3 ± 11.9%; OC: 35.0 ± 12.4%) than OS and YC (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, strength-trained master athletes were characterized by similar muscle morphology as young, which was not the case for recreationally active or endurance-trained old. These results indicate that strength training may preserve type II fibers with advancing age in older men, likely as a result of chronic use of high contractile force generation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging is associated with loss of fast-twitch type II myofibers, motor unit remodeling, and grouping of myofibers. This study reveals, for the first time, that strength training preserves neural innervation of type II fibers, resulting in similar myofiber type distribution and grouping in life-long strength-trained master athletes as young moderately active adults. In contrast, life-long endurance-trained master athletes and recreationally active old adults demonstrated higher proportion of type I fibers accompanied by more marked grouping of type I myofibers, and more atrophic fibers compared with strength-trained master athletes and young individuals. Thus, strength training should be utilized as a training modality for preservation of fast-twitch musculature, maximal muscle strength, and rapid force capacity (RFD) with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Tøien
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Jakob Lindberg Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Kristian Berg
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Mathias Forsberg Brobakken
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Kwak Nyberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Lars Espedal
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Thomas Malmo
- Norwegian Defence University College, Norwegian Armed Forces, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eivind Wang
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
- Department of Psychosis and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Lukasiewicz CJ, Tranah GJ, Evans DS, Coen PM, Barnes HN, Huo Z, Esser KA, Lane NE, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Cawthon PM, Hepple RT. Higher Expression of Denervation-responsive Genes is Negatively Associated with Muscle Volume and Performance Traits in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.04.23298090. [PMID: 37961531 PMCID: PMC10635277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.04.23298090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
With aging skeletal muscle fibers undergo repeating cycles of denervation and reinnervation. In approximately the 8 th decade of life reinnervation no longer keeps pace, resulting in the accumulation of persistently denervated muscle fibers that in turn cause an acceleration of muscle dysfunction. The significance of denervation in important clinical outcomes with aging is poorly studied. The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) is a large cohort study with the primary objective to assess how aging muscle biology impacts clinically important traits. Using transcriptomics data from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies in 575 participants we have selected 49 denervation-responsive genes to provide insights to the burden of denervation in SOMMA, to test the hypothesis that greater expression of denervation-responsive genes negatively associates with SOMMA participant traits that included time to walk 400 meters, fitness (VO 2peak ), maximal mitochondrial respiration, muscle mass and volume, and leg muscle strength and power. Consistent with our hypothesis, increased transcript levels of: a calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion glycoprotein (CDH15), acetylcholine receptor subunits (Chrna1, Chrnd, Chrne), a glycoprotein promoting reinnervation (NCAM1), a transcription factor regulating aspects of muscle organization (RUNX1), and a sodium channel (SCN5A) were each negatively associated with at least 3 of these traits. VO 2peak and maximal respiration had the strongest negative associations with 15 and 19 denervation-responsive genes, respectively. In conclusion, the abundance of denervation-responsive gene transcripts is a significant determinant of muscle and mobility outcomes in aging humans, supporting the imperative to identify new treatment strategies to restore innervation in advanced age.
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6
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Piétri-Rouxel F, Falcone S, Traoré M. [GDF5: a therapeutic candidate for combating sarcopenia]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39 Hors série n° 1:47-53. [PMID: 37975770 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex age-related muscular disease affecting 10 to 16 % of people over 65 years old. It is characterized by excessive loss of muscle mass and strength. Despite a plethora of studies aimed at understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying this pathology, the pathophysiology of sarcopenia remains poorly understood. To date, there is no pharmacological treatment for this disease. In this context, our team develop therapeutic approaches based on the GDF5 protein to counteract the loss of muscle mass and function in various pathological conditions, including sarcopenia. After deciphering one of the molecular mechanisms governing GDF5 expression, we have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this protein in the preservation of muscle mass and strength in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Piétri-Rouxel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Massiré Traoré
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
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7
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Liao X, Wang Y, Lai X, Wang S. The role of Rapsyn in neuromuscular junction and congenital myasthenic syndrome. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:772-784. [PMID: 36815443 PMCID: PMC10494853 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2022.8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapsyn, an intracellular scaffolding protein associated with the postsynaptic membranes in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is critical for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering and maintenance. Therefore, Rapsyn is essential to the NMJ formation and maintenance, and Rapsyn mutant is one of the reasons causing the pathogenies of congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). In addition, there is little research on Rapsyn in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, the role of Rapsyn in the NMJ formation and the mutation of Rapsyn leading to CMS will be reviewed separately and sequentially. Finally, the potential function of Rapsyn is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Liao
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingxing Wang
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shunqi Wang
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Orssatto LBR, Blazevich AJ, Trajano GS. Ageing reduces persistent inward current contribution to motor neurone firing: Potential mechanisms and the role of exercise. J Physiol 2023; 601:3705-3716. [PMID: 37488952 DOI: 10.1113/jp284603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous system deterioration is a primary driver of age-related motor impairment. The motor neurones, which act as the interface between the central nervous system and the muscles, play a crucial role in amplifying excitatory synaptic input to produce the desired motor neuronal firing output. For this, they utilise their ability to generate persistent (long-lasting) depolarising currents that increase cell excitability, and both amplify and prolong the output activity of motor neurones for a given synaptic input. Modulation of these persistent inward currents (PICs) contributes to the motor neurones' capacities to attain the required firing frequencies and rapidly modulate them to competently complete most tasks. Thus, PICs are crucial for adequate movement generation. Impairments in intrinsic motor neurone properties can impact motor unit firing capacity, with convincing evidence indicating that the PIC contribution to motor neurone firing is reduced in older adults. Indeed, this could be an important mechanism underpinning the age-related reductions in strength and physical function. Furthermore, resistance training has emerged as a promising intervention to counteract age-associated PIC impairments, with changes in PICs being correlated with improvements in muscular strength and physical function after training. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the PIC magnitude decline during ageing and discuss whether reduced serotonergic and noradrenergic input onto the motor neurones, voltage-gated calcium channel dysfunction or inhibitory input impairments are candidates that: (i) explain age-related reductions in the PIC contribution to motor neurone firing and (ii) underpin the enhanced PIC contribution to motor neurone firing following resistance training in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B R Orssatto
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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GrönholdtKlein M, Gorzi A, Wang L, Edström E, Rullman E, Altun M, Ulfhake B. Emergence and Progression of Behavioral Motor Deficits and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy across the Adult Lifespan of the Rat. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1177. [PMID: 37759577 PMCID: PMC10526071 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The facultative loss of muscle mass and function during aging (sarcopenia) poses a serious threat to our independence and health. When activities of daily living are impaired (clinical phase), it appears that the processes leading to sarcopenia have been ongoing in humans for decades (preclinical phase). Here, we examined the natural history of sarcopenia in male outbred rats to compare the occurrence of motor behavioral deficits with the degree of muscle wasting and to explore the muscle-associated processes of the preclinical and clinical phases, respectively. Selected metrics were validated in female rats. We used the soleus muscle because of its long duty cycles and its importance in postural control. Results show that gait and coordination remain intact through middle age (40-60% of median lifespan) when muscle mass is largely preserved relative to body weight. However, the muscle shows numerous signs of remodeling with a shift in myofiber-type composition toward type I. As fiber-type prevalence shifted, fiber-type clustering also increased. The number of hybrid fibers, myofibers with central nuclei, and fibers expressing embryonic myosin increased from being barely detectable to a significant number (5-10%) at late middle age. In parallel, TGFβ1, Smad3, FBXO32, and MuRF1 mRNAs increased. In early (25-month-old) and advanced (30-month-old) aging, gait and coordination deteriorate with the progressive loss of muscle mass. In late middle age and early aging due to type II atrophy (>50%) followed by type I atrophy (>50%), the number of myofibers did not correlate with this process. In advanced age, atrophy is accompanied by a decrease in SCs and βCatenin mRNA, whereas several previously upregulated transcripts were downregulated. The re-expression of embryonic myosin in myofibers and the upregulation of mRNAs encoding the γ-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and myogenin that begins in late middle age suggest that one mechanism driving sarcopenia is the disruption of neuromuscular connectivity. We conclude that sarcopenia in rats, as in humans, has a long preclinical phase in which muscle undergoes extensive remodeling to maintain muscle mass and function. At later time points, these adaptive mechanisms fail, and sarcopenia becomes clinically manifest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max GrönholdtKlein
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ali Gorzi
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Lingzhan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China;
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mikael Altun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.R.); (M.A.)
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10
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Tatsukawa T, Kano K, Nakajima KI, Yazawa T, Eguchi R, Kabara M, Horiuchi K, Hayasaka T, Matsuo R, Hasebe N, Azuma N, Kawabe JI. NG2-positive pericytes regulate homeostatic maintenance of slow-type skeletal muscle with rapid myonuclear turnover. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:205. [PMID: 37592340 PMCID: PMC10433572 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle comprises almost 40% of the human body and is essential for movement, structural support and metabolic homeostasis. Size of multinuclear skeletal muscle is stably maintained under steady conditions with the sporadic fusion of newly produced myocytes to compensate for the muscular turnover caused by daily wear and tear. It is becoming clear that microvascular pericytes (PCs) exhibit myogenic activity. However, whether PCs act as myogenic stem cells for the homeostatic maintenance of skeletal muscles during adulthood remains uncertain. METHODS We utilized PC-fused myofibers using PC-specific lineage tracing mouse (NG2-CreERT/Rosa-tdTomato) to observe whether muscle resident PCs have myogenic potential during daily life. Genetic PC deletion mouse model (NG2-CreERT/DTA) was used to test whether PC differentiates to myofibers for maintenance of muscle structure and function under homeostatic condition. RESULTS Under steady breeding conditions, tdTomato-expressing PCs were infused into myofibers, and subsequently, PC-derived nuclei were incorporated into myofibers. Especially in type-I slow-type myofibers such as the soleus, tdTomato+ myofibers were already observed 3 days after PC labeling; their ratio reached a peak (approximately 80%) within 1 month and was maintained for more than 1 year. Consistently, the NG2+ PC-specific deletion induced muscular atrophy in a slow-type myofiber-specific manner under steady breeding conditions. The number of myonucleus per volume of each myofiber was constant during observation period. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the turnover of myonuclei in slow-type myofibers is relatively fast, with PCs acting as myogenic stem cells-the suppliers of new myonuclei under steady conditions-and play a vital role in the homeostatic maintenance of slow-type muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tatsukawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Nakajima
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoji Eguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Horiuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
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11
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ISHIDO MINENORI, HUNG YUNGLI, MACHIDA SHUICHI. Aquaporin 4 Expression Level Is Decreased in Skeletal Muscles with Aging. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 69:E40-E48. [PMID: 37357177 PMCID: PMC10501756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that contains abundant water. However, by aging a decrease in muscle water content is induced in skeletal muscles, which is one of major age-related alterations in skeletal muscles as common as muscle atrophy. Selective water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is one of major water transport networks in the skeletal muscles. However, the effects of aging on water transport via AQP4 in skeletal muscles remain unclear. Thus, the current study investigated the change of the expression level of AQP4 in the aged skeletal muscles. Eight-week-old (the young group) and 2-year-old (the old group) female Fischer 344 rats were used in this study (n = 6/group). In skeletal muscles of each group, the expression levels of some target proteins were quantified by Western blot analysis. As a result, the relative muscle weight in the old group was significantly decreased, compared with that in the young group (p < 0.05). The decline in the muscle water content was accompanied by the decrease in expression of AQP4 in the aged skeletal muscles (p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, which synergistically regulates the osmolality together with AQP4, was significantly reduced in the aged skeletal muscles (p < 0.05). Therefore, the current study suggested that water transport abilities via AQP4 may decrease in the aged skeletal muscles, and thereby may be involved in age-related loss of muscle water content.
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Affiliation(s)
- MINENORI ISHIDO
- Section for Health-related Physical Education, Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - YUNG-LI HUNG
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - SHUICHI MACHIDA
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Fogarty MJ, Dasgupta D, Khurram OU, Sieck GC. Chemogenetic inhibition of TrkB signalling reduces phrenic motor neuron survival and size. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103847. [PMID: 36958643 PMCID: PMC10247511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling through its high-affinity tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is known to have potent effects on motor neuron survival and morphology during development and in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we employed a novel 1NMPP1 sensitive TrkBF616 rat model to evaluate the effect of 14 days inhibition of TrkB signalling on phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs). Adult female and male TrkBF616 rats were divided into 1NMPP1 or vehicle treated groups. Three days prior to treatment, PhMNs in both groups were initially labeled via intrapleural injection of Alexa-Fluor-647 cholera toxin B (CTB). After 11 days of treatment, retrograde axonal uptake/transport was assessed by secondary labeling of PhMNs by intrapleural injection of Alexa-Fluor-488 CTB. After 14 days of treatment, the spinal cord was excised 100 μm thick spinal sections containing PhMNs were imaged using two-channel confocal microscopy. TrkB inhibition reduced the total number of PhMNs by ∼16 %, reduced the mean PhMN somal surface areas by ∼25 %, impaired CTB uptake 2.5-fold and reduced the estimated PhMN dendritic surface area by ∼38 %. We conclude that inhibition of TrkB signalling alone in adult TrkBF616 rats is sufficient to lead to PhMN loss, morphological degeneration and deficits in retrograde axonal uptake/transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Debanjali Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Obaid U Khurram
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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13
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McNamara SL, Seo BR, Freedman BR, Roloson EB, Alvarez JT, O'Neill CT, Vandenburgh HH, Walsh CJ, Mooney DJ. Anti-inflammatory therapy enables robot-actuated regeneration of aged muscle. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadd9369. [PMID: 36947599 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.add9369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Robot-actuated mechanical loading (ML)-based therapies ("mechanotherapies") can promote regeneration after severe skeletal muscle injury, but the effectiveness of such approaches during aging is unknown and may be influenced by age-associated decline in the healing capacity of skeletal muscle. To address this knowledge gap, this work used a noninvasive, load-controlled robotic device to impose highly defined tissue stresses to evaluate the age dependence of ML on muscle repair after injury. The response of injured muscle to robot-actuated cyclic compressive loading was found to be age sensitive, revealing not only a lack of reparative benefit of ML on injured aged muscles but also exacerbation of tissue inflammation. ML alone also disrupted the normal regenerative processes of aged muscle stem cells. However, these negative effects could be reversed by introducing anti-inflammatory therapy alongside ML application, leading to enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration even in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L McNamara
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B R Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E B Roloson
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J T Alvarez
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C T O'Neill
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C J Walsh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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15
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Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC. Aging affects the number and morphological heterogeneity of rat phrenic motor neurons and phrenic motor axons. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15587. [PMID: 36695744 PMCID: PMC9875821 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphragm muscle (DIAm) motor units comprise a phrenic motor neuron (PhMN), the phrenic nerve and the muscle fibers innervated, with the size of PhMNs and axons characteristic of motor unit type. Smaller PhMNs and their axons comprise slow (type S) and fatigue-resistant (type FR) DIAm motor units, while larger PhMNs and their axons comprise more fatigable (type FF) motor units. With aging, we have shown a loss of larger PhMNs, consistent with selective atrophy of type IIx/IIb DIAm fibers and reduced maximum DIAm force. In the present study, we hypothesized that with aging there is a loss of larger myelinated phrenic α motor axons. Female and male young (6 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats were studied. PhMNs were retrogradely labeled by intrapleural injection of 488-conjugated CTB. The phrenic nerves were excised ~1 cm from the DIAm insertion and mounted in resin, and phrenic α motor axons were delineated based on size (i.e., >4 μm diameters). In older rats, the number of larger PhMNs and larger phrenic α motor axons were reduced. There were no differences in non-α axons. In addition, there was evidence of demyelination of larger phrenic α motor axons in older rats. Together, these findings are consistent with the selective age-related vulnerability of larger PhMNs and denervation of type FF motor units, which may underlie DIAm sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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16
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Jennings MJ, Kagiava A, Vendredy L, Spaulding EL, Stavrou M, Hathazi D, Grüneboom A, De Winter V, Gess B, Schara U, Pogoryelova O, Lochmüller H, Borchers CH, Roos A, Burgess RW, Timmerman V, Kleopa KA, Horvath R. NCAM1 and GDF15 are biomarkers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in patients and mice. Brain 2022; 145:3999-4015. [PMID: 35148379 PMCID: PMC9679171 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular markers scalable for clinical use are critical for the development of effective treatments and the design of clinical trials. Here, we identify proteins in sera of patients and mouse models with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) with characteristics that make them suitable as biomarkers in clinical practice and therapeutic trials. We collected serum from mouse models of CMT1A (C61 het), CMT2D (GarsC201R, GarsP278KY), CMT1X (Gjb1-null), CMT2L (Hspb8K141N) and from CMT patients with genotypes including CMT1A (PMP22d), CMT2D (GARS), CMT2N (AARS) and other rare genetic forms of CMT. The severity of neuropathy in the patients was assessed by the CMT Neuropathy Examination Score (CMTES). We performed multitargeted proteomics on both sample sets to identify proteins elevated across multiple mouse models and CMT patients. Selected proteins and additional potential biomarkers, such as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and cell free mitochondrial DNA, were validated by ELISA and quantitative PCR, respectively. We propose that neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) is a candidate biomarker for CMT, as it was elevated in Gjb1-null, Hspb8K141N, GarsC201R and GarsP278KY mice as well as in patients with both demyelinating (CMT1A) and axonal (CMT2D, CMT2N) forms of CMT. We show that NCAM1 may reflect disease severity, demonstrated by a progressive increase in mouse models with time and a significant positive correlation with CMTES neuropathy severity in patients. The increase in NCAM1 may reflect muscle regeneration triggered by denervation, which could potentially track disease progression or the effect of treatments. We found that member proteins of the complement system were elevated in Gjb1-null and Hspb8K141N mouse models as well as in patients with both demyelinating and axonal CMT, indicating possible complement activation at the impaired nerve terminals. However, complement proteins did not correlate with the severity of neuropathy measured on the CMTES scale. Although the complement system does not seem to be a prognostic biomarker, we do show complement elevation to be a common disease feature of CMT, which may be of interest as a therapeutic target. We also identify serum GDF15 as a highly sensitive diagnostic biomarker, which was elevated in all CMT genotypes as well as in Hspb8K141N, Gjb1-null, GarsC201R and GarsP278KY mouse models. Although we cannot fully explain its origin, it may reflect increased stress response or metabolic disturbances in CMT. Further large and longitudinal patient studies should be performed to establish the value of these proteins as diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers for CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Jennings
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexia Kagiava
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuromuscular Disorders Centre, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Leen Vendredy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emily L Spaulding
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Marina Stavrou
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuromuscular Disorders Centre, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Vicky De Winter
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oksana Pogoryelova
- Directorate of Neurosciences, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Roos
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute and Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuromuscular Disorders Centre, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Roberts BM, Deemer SE, Smith DL, Mobley JA, Musi N, Plaisance EP. Effects of an exogenous ketone ester using multi-omics in skeletal muscle of aging C57BL/6J male mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041026. [PMID: 36458175 PMCID: PMC9707703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ketone ester supplementation provides a means to increase circulating ketone concentrations without the dietary challenges imposed by ketogenic diets. Our group has shown that oral R,S-1,3, butanediol diacetoacetate (BD-AcAc2) consumption results in body weight loss or maintenance with moderate increases in circulating ketones. We have previously shown a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 can maintain lean body mass (LBM) and induce fat mass (FM) loss in young, healthy male mice, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a diet consisting of 25% BD-AcAc2 (ketone ester, KE) would alter body composition, transcriptional regulation, the proteome, and the lipidome of skeletal muscle in aged mice. We hypothesized that the KE group would remain weight stable with improvements in body composition compared to controls, resulting in a healthy aging phenotype. Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 16) were purchased from Jackson Laboratories at 72 weeks of age. After 1 week of acclimation, mice were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two groups (n = 8 per group): control (CON) or KE. A significant group by time interaction was observed for body weight (P < 0.001), with KE fed mice weighing significantly less than CON. FM increased over time in the control group but was unchanged in the KE group. Furthermore, LBM was not different between CON and KE mice despite KE mice weighing less than CON mice. Transcriptional analysis of skeletal muscle identified 6 genes that were significantly higher and 21 genes that were significantly lower in the KE group compared to CON. Lipidomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified no differences between groups for any lipid species, except for fatty acyl chains in triacylglycerol which was 46% lower in the KE group. Proteomics analysis identified 44 proteins that were different between groups, of which 11 were lower and 33 were higher in the KE group compared to CON. In conclusion, 72-week-old male mice consuming the exogenous KE, BD-AcAc2, had lower age-related gains in body weight and FM compared to CON mice. Furthermore, transcriptional and proteomics data suggest a signature in skeletal muscle of KE-treated mice consistent with markers of improved skeletal muscle regeneration, improved electron transport chain utilization, and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Roberts
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarah E. Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A. Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric P. Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric P. Plaisance,
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19
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Zhang Z, Lin S, Luo W, Ren T, Huang X, Li W, Zhang X. Sox6 Differentially Regulates Inherited Myogenic Abilities and Muscle Fiber Types of Satellite Cells Derived from Fast- and Slow-Type Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911327. [PMID: 36232654 PMCID: PMC9569562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle is primarily divided into fast and slow-type muscles, which have distinct capacities for regeneration, metabolism and contractibility. Satellite cells plays an important role in adult skeletal muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms of satellite cell myogenesis are poorly understood. We previously found that Sox6 was highly expressed in adult fast-type muscle. Therefore, we aimed to validate the satellite cell myogenesis from different muscle fiber types and investigate the regulation of Sox6 on satellite cell myogenesis. First, we isolated satellite cells from fast- and slow-type muscles individually. We found that satellite cells derived from different muscle fiber types generated myotubes similar to their origin types. Further, we observed that cells derived from fast muscles had a higher efficiency to proliferate but lower potential to self-renew compared to the cells derived from slow muscles. Then we demonstrated that Sox6 facilitated the development of satellite cells-derived myotubes toward their inherent muscle fiber types. We revealed that higher expression of Nfix during the differentiation of fast-type muscle-derived myogenic cells inhibited the transcription of slow-type isoforms (MyH7B, Tnnc1) by binding to Sox6. On the other hand, Sox6 activated Mef2C to promote the slow fiber formation in slow-type muscle-derived myogenic cells with Nfix low expression, showing a different effect of Sox6 on the regulation of satellite cell development. Our findings demonstrated that satellite cells, the myogenic progenitor cells, tend to develop towards the fiber type similar to where they originated. The expression of Sox6 and Nfix partially explain the developmental differences of myogenic cells derived from fast- and slow-type muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wangyu Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Kostrominova TY. Skeletal Muscle Denervation: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147489. [PMID: 35886838 PMCID: PMC9316613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Y Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA
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21
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Clinical implication of denervation in sporadic inclusion body myositis. J Neurol Sci 2022; 439:120317. [PMID: 35709642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is often accompanied by signs suggestive of denervation on electromyography (EMG), which mimics neurogenic disorders. Hence, the current study aimed to assess reinnervation after denervation in sIBM and its clinical impllcation. METHODS We retrospectively examined consecutive muscle biopsy specimens collected from 109 sIBM patients who were referred to our institution for diagnostic muscle biopsy from 2001 to 2018. Reinnervation after denervation in sIBM patients was assessed via muscle biopsy and EMG. The levels of acetylcholine receptor subunit γ (Chrng) and muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) mRNA, which are markers of denervation, were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Response to treatment was defined as an increase of grade 1 or higher in two or more muscle groups as assessed using the Medical Research Council scale. RESULTS In total, 93 (85.3%) of 109 sIBM patients had reinnervation after denervation on histological examination and/or EMG. The mean disease duration before biopsy was significantly longer in patients with reinnervation after denervation than in those without (p < 0.00001). Patients with denervation had significantly higher levels of Chrng and MuSK mRNA than those without. The proportion of patients who responded to immunosuppressive therapies was smaller in the patients with denervation than those without (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference regarding time from onset to using a walking aid between the two groups. DISCUSSION Reinnervation after denervation is associated with disease duration and short-term response to therapy in individuals with sIBM.
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22
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Jones EJ, Chiou S, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Piasecki M. Ageing and exercise-induced motor unit remodelling. J Physiol 2022; 600:1839-1849. [PMID: 35278221 PMCID: PMC9314090 DOI: 10.1113/jp281726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A motor unit (MU) comprises the neuron cell body, its corresponding axon and each of the muscle fibres it innervates. Many studies highlight age-related reductions in the number of MUs, yet the ability of a MU to undergo remodelling and to expand to rescue denervated muscle fibres is also a defining feature of MU plasticity. Remodelling of MUs involves two coordinated processes: (i) axonal sprouting and new branching growth from adjacent surviving neurons, and (ii) the formation of key structures around the neuromuscular junction to resume muscle-nerve communication. These processes rely on neurotrophins and coordinated signalling in muscle-nerve interactions. To date, several neurotrophins have attracted focus in animal models, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factors I and II. Exercise in older age has demonstrated benefits in multiple physiological systems including skeletal muscle, yet evidence suggests this may also extend to peripheral MU remodelling. There is, however, a lack of research in humans due to methodological limitations which are easily surmountable in animal models. To improve mechanistic insight of the effects of exercise on MU remodelling with advancing age, future research should focus on combining methodological approaches to explore the in vivo physiological function of the MU alongside alterations of the localised molecular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. Jones
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Shin‐Yi Chiou
- School of SportExercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Centre for Human Brain HealthUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology (COMAP), MRC–Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchNottingham NIHR Biomedical Research CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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23
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Lin CS, Liu LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, Lin CP, Lee SY, Chen LK. Low masseter muscle mass is associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Orssatto LBR, Borg DN, Pendrith L, Blazevich AJ, Shield AJ, Trajano GS. DO MOTONEURON DISCHARGE RATES SLOW WITH AGING? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 203:111647. [PMID: 35218849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system maladaptation is linked to the loss of maximal strength and motor control with aging. Motor unit discharge rates are a critical determinant of force production; thus, lower discharge rates could be a mechanism underpinning maximal strength and motor control losses during aging. This meta-analysis summarized the findings of studies comparing motor unit discharge rates between young and older adults, and examined the effects of the selected muscle and contraction intensity on the magnitude of discharge rates difference between these two groups. Estimates from 29 studies, across a range of muscles and contraction intensities, were combined in a multilevel meta-analysis, to investigate whether discharge rates differed between young and older adults. Motor unit discharge rates were higher in younger than older adults, with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.66 (95%CI= 0.29-1.04). Contraction intensity had a significant effect on the pooled SMD, with a 1% increase in intensity associated with a 0.009 (95%CI= 0.003-0.015) change in the pooled SMD. These findings suggest that reductions in motor unit discharge rates, especially at higher contraction intensities, may be an important mechanism underpinning age-related losses in maximal force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B R Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David N Borg
- Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, The Hopkins Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linda Pendrith
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. A neuromuscular perspective of sarcopenia pathogenesis: deciphering the signaling pathways involved. GeroScience 2022; 44:1199-1213. [PMID: 34981273 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalation of life expectancy is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related conditions, such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, a muscle condition defined by low muscle strength, muscle quality or quantity, and physical performance, has a high prevalence among the elderly and is associated to increased mortality. The neuromuscular system has been emerging as a key contributor to sarcopenia pathogenesis. Indeed, the age-related degeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function and structure may contribute to the loss of muscle strength and ultimately to the loss of muscle mass that characterize sarcopenia. The present mini-review discusses important signaling pathways involved in the function and maintenance of the NMJ, giving emphasis to the ones that might contribute to sarcopenia pathogenesis. Some conceivable biomarkers, such as C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and therapeutic targets, namely acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), can be retrieved, making way to future studies to validate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. .,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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26
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You JS, Chen J. Aging Does Not Exacerbate Muscle Loss During Denervation and Lends Unique Muscle-Specific Atrophy Resistance With Akt Activation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:779547. [PMID: 34916960 PMCID: PMC8669767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.779547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, imposes significant clinical and economic burdens on affected patients and societies. Neurological degeneration, such as motoneuron death, has been recognized as a key contributor to sarcopenia. However, little is known about how aged/sarcopenic muscle adapts to this denervation stress. Here, we show that mice at 27months of age exhibit clear signs of sarcopenia but no accelerated denervation-induced muscle atrophy when compared to 8-month-old mice. Surprisingly, aging lends unique atrophy resistance to tibialis anteria muscle, accompanied by an increase in the cascade of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent anabolic events involving Akt signaling, rRNA biogenesis, and protein synthesis during denervation. These results expand our understanding of age-dependent stress responses and may help develop better countermeasures to sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung You
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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27
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Bird JK, Troesch B, Warnke I, Calder PC. The effect of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle mass and function in sarcopenia: A scoping systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:73-86. [PMID: 34857251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which reduces mobility and quality of life. Risk factors for sarcopenia include advanced age, physical inactivity, obesity, and chronic diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) might be associated with a reduction in risk of sarcopenia due to their anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effects of omega-3 LC PUFAs on muscle mass, volume and function parameters. The National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched on 9th October 2020 for randomized controlled trials that used omega-3 LC PUFAs as an intervention with muscle-related endpoints. A snowballing search to identify additional studies was completed on 23rd April 2021. The meta-analysis was conducted using meta-essentials worksheet 3. Bias was assessed using the Jadad scale. RESULTS 123 studies were identified with the systematic searches. Most studies were performed in disease populations, such as cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or in healthy individuals after a fatiguing exercise bout. The endpoints lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, mid-arm muscle circumference, handgrip strength, quadriceps maximal voluntary capacity (MVC), and 1-repetition maximum chest press were selected for meta-analysis based on the number of available studies; thus 66 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Using a random effects model and 2-tailed p-value, there was a significant relationship in favor of omega-3 LC PUFA supplementation for lean body mass (effect size 0.27, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.51), skeletal muscle mass (effect size 0.31, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.60) and quadriceps MVC (effect size 0.47, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.93). CONCLUSION The results indicate that there is a positive effect of omega-3 LC PUFA supplementation on overall body muscle mass and strength. Small study size and heterogeneity limit the applicability of these findings for sarcopenia prevention. Larger trials in populations at risk of sarcopenia would strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bird
- Bird Scientific Writing, Wassenaar, 2242, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Troesch
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Ines Warnke
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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28
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Burke SK, Fenton AI, Konokhova Y, Hepple RT. Variation in muscle and neuromuscular junction morphology between atrophy-resistant and atrophy-prone muscles supports failed re-innervation in aging muscle atrophy. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111613. [PMID: 34740815 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In advanced age, there is an accelerated decline in skeletal muscle mass that appears to be secondary to repeated cycles of denervation-reinnervation and eventually, failed reinnervation. However, whether variation in reinnervation capacity explains why some muscles are less vulnerable to age-related atrophy has not been addressed. In this study we examined changes in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber type, accumulation of severely atrophied myofibers, and expression of a marker of denervation in four muscles that exhibit differences in the degree of age-related atrophy and which span the extremes of fiber type composition in 8 mo old (8 M) and 34 mo old (34 M) male Fischer 344 Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats. Aging muscle atrophy was most pronounced in the fast twitch gastrocnemius (Gas; 25%) and similar between extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-twitch soleus (Sol) muscle (14-15%), whereas the slow-twitch adductor longus (AL) increased in mass by 21% between 8 M and 34 M (P < 0.05 for all). Only the Sol exhibited significant alterations in fiber type with aging, and there was a decrease in fiber CSA in the Gas, EDL, and Sol (P < 0.05) with aging that was not seen in the AL. Muscles that atrophied had an increased fraction of severely atrophic myofibers (P < 0.05), but this was not observed in the AL. The Gas and EDL both demonstrated a similar degree of age-related remodeling of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ components. On the other hand, pre- and post-synaptic morphology underwent greater changes with aging in the AL, and many of these same morphological variables were already greater in the Sol vs AL at 8 M, suggesting the Sol had already undergone substantial remodeling and may be nearing its adaptive limits. Consistent with this idea, analysis of NMJ morphology in Sol from 3 M rats exhibited similar values as 8 M AL, and the Sol demonstrated greater expression of the denervation marker neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) compared to the AL at 34 M. Collectively, our results are consistent with NMJ remodeling capacity being finite with aging and that maintained remodeling potential confers atrophy protection in aging skeletal muscle by reducing the degree of persistent denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Burke
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew I Fenton
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yana Konokhova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Kirk EA, Gilmore KJ, Rice CL. Anconeus motor unit firing rates during isometric and muscle-shortening contractions comparing young and very old adults. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1122-1136. [PMID: 34495770 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00219.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With effects of aging, voluntary neural drive to the muscle, measured as motor unit (MU) firing rate, is lower in older adults during sustained isometric contractions compared with young adults, but differences remain unknown during limb movements. Therefore, our purpose was to compare MU firing rates during both isometric and shortening contractions between two adult age groups. We analyzed intramuscular electromyography of single-MU recordings in the anconeus muscle of young (n = 8, 19-33 yr) and very old (n = 13, 78-93 yr) male adults during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). In sustained isometric and muscle-shortening contractions during limb movement, MU trains were linked with elbow joint kinematic parameters throughout the contraction time course. The older group was 33% weaker and 10% slower during movements than the young group (P < 0.01). In isometric contractions, median firing rates were 42% lower (P < 0.01) in the older group (18 Hz) compared with the young group (31 Hz), but during shortening contractions firing rates were higher for both age groups and not statistically different between groups. As a function of contraction time, firing rates at MU recruitment threshold were 39% lower in the older group, but the firing rate decrease was attenuated threefold throughout shortening contraction compared with the young group. At the single-MU level, age-related differences during isometric contractions (i.e., pre-movement initiation) do not remain constant throughout movement that comprises greater effects of muscle shortening. Results indicate that neural drive is task dependent and during movement in older adults it is decreased minimally.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Changes of neural drive to the muscle with adult aging, measured as motor unit firing rates during limb movements, are unknown. Throughout maximal voluntary efforts we found that, in comparison with young adults, firing rates were lower during isometric contraction in older adults but not different during elbow extension movements. Despite the older group being ∼33% weaker across contractions, their muscles can receive neural drive during movements that are similar to that of younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Kirk
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J Gilmore
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lagerwaard B, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Bunschoten A, de Boer VC, Keijer J. Matrisome, innervation and oxidative metabolism affected in older compared with younger males with similar physical activity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1214-1231. [PMID: 34219410 PMCID: PMC8517362 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the interaction between skeletal muscle ageing and lifestyle factors, it is often challenging to attribute the decline in muscle mass and quality to either changes in lifestyle or to advancing age itself. Because many of the physiological factors affecting muscle mass and quality are modulated by physical activity and physical activity declines with age, the aim of this study is to better understand the effects of early ageing on muscle function by comparing a population of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity patterns. METHODS Eighteen older (69 ± 2.0 years) and 20 young (22 ± 2.0 years) males were recruited based on similar self-reported physical activity, which was verified using accelerometry measurements. Gene expression profiles of vastus lateralis biopsies obtained by RNA sequencing were compared, and key results were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. RESULTS Total physical activity energy expenditure was similar between the young and old group (404 ± 215 vs. 411 ± 189 kcal/day, P = 0.11). Three thousand seven hundred ninety-seven differentially expressed coding genes (DEGs) were identified (adjusted P-value cut-off of <0.05), of which 1891 were higher and 1906 were lower expressed in the older muscle. The matrisome, innervation and inflammation were the main upregulated processes, and oxidative metabolism was the main downregulated process in old compared with young muscle. Lower protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM, P = 0.030) and mitochondrial respiratory Complexes IV and II (P = 0.011 and P = 0.0009, respectively) were observed, whereas a trend was observed for Complex I (P = 0.062), in older compared with young muscle. Protein expression of Complexes I and IV was significantly correlated to mitochondrial capacity in the vastus lateralis as measured in vivo (P = 0.017, R2 = 0.42 and P = 0.030, R2 = 0.36). A trend for higher muscle-specific receptor kinase (MUSK) protein levels in the older group was observed (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS There are clear differences in the transcriptome signatures of the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy older and young males with similar physical activity levels, including significant differences at the protein level. By disentangling physical activity and ageing, we appoint early skeletal muscle ageing processes that occur despite similar physical activity. Improved understanding of these processes will be key to design targeted anti-ageing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lagerwaard
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- TI Food and NutritionWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arie G. Nieuwenhuizen
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bunschoten
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent C.J. de Boer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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Larouche JA, Mohiuddin M, Choi JJ, Ulintz PJ, Fraczek P, Sabin K, Pitchiaya S, Kurpiers SJ, Castor-Macias J, Liu W, Hastings RL, Brown LA, Markworth JF, De Silva K, Levi B, Merajver SD, Valdez G, Chakkalakal JV, Jang YC, Brooks SV, Aguilar CA. Murine muscle stem cell response to perturbations of the neuromuscular junction are attenuated with aging. eLife 2021; 10:e66749. [PMID: 34323217 PMCID: PMC8360658 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging and neuromuscular diseases, there is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle volume and function impacting mobility and quality of life. Muscle loss is often associated with denervation and a loss of resident muscle stem cells (satellite cells or MuSCs); however, the relationship between MuSCs and innervation has not been established. Herein, we administered severe neuromuscular trauma to a transgenic murine model that permits MuSC lineage tracing. We show that a subset of MuSCs specifically engraft in a position proximal to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the synapse between myofibers and motor neurons, in healthy young adult muscles. In aging and in a mouse model of neuromuscular degeneration (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase knockout - Sod1-/-), this localized engraftment behavior was reduced. Genetic rescue of motor neurons in Sod1-/- mice reestablished integrity of the NMJ in a manner akin to young muscle and partially restored MuSC ability to engraft into positions proximal to the NMJ. Using single cell RNA-sequencing of MuSCs isolated from aged muscle, we demonstrate that a subset of MuSCs are molecularly distinguishable from MuSCs responding to myofiber injury and share similarity to synaptic myonuclei. Collectively, these data reveal unique features of MuSCs that respond to synaptic perturbations caused by aging and other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Larouche
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Mahir Mohiuddin
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Wallace Coulter Departmentof Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jeongmoon J Choi
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Wallace Coulter Departmentof Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Peter J Ulintz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Paula Fraczek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kaitlyn Sabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | | | - Sarah J Kurpiers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Jesus Castor-Macias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Robert Louis Hastings
- Departmentof Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Lemuel A Brown
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - James F Markworth
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Kanishka De Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas SouthwesternDallasUnited States
- Childrens Research Institute and Center for Mineral MetabolismDallasUnited States
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Sofia D Merajver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Internal Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Departmentof Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterUnited States
| | - Young C Jang
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Wallace Coulter Departmentof Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Carlos A Aguilar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Childrens Research Institute and Center for Mineral MetabolismDallasUnited States
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
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32
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Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. Sarcopenia versus cancer cachexia: the muscle wasting continuum in healthy and diseased aging. Biogerontology 2021; 22:459-477. [PMID: 34324116 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is one of the major health problems in older adults and is traditionally associated to sarcopenia. Nonetheless, muscle loss may also occur in older adults in the presence of cancer, and in this case, it is associated to cancer cachexia. The clinical management of these conditions is a challenge due to, at least in part, the difficulties in their differential diagnosis. Thus, efforts have been made to better comprehend the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and cancer cachexia, envisioning the improvement of their clinical discrimination and treatment. To add insights on this topic, this review discusses the current knowledge on key molecular players underlying sarcopenia and cancer cachexia in a comparative perspective. Data retrieved from this analysis highlight that while sarcopenia is characterized by the atrophy of fast-twitch muscle fibers, in cancer cachexia an increase in the proportion of fast-twitch fibers appears to happen. The molecular drivers for these specificmuscle remodeling patterns are still unknown; however, among the predominant contributors to sarcopenia is the age-induced neuromuscular denervation, and in cancer cachexia, the muscle disuse experienced by cancer patients seems to play an important role. Moreover, inflammation appears to be more severe in cancer cachexia. Impairment of nutrition-related mediators may also contribute to sarcopenia and cancer cachexia, being distinctly modulated in each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. .,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal. .,Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. .,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal.
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33
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Dial AG, Monaco CMF, Grafham GK, Patel TP, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawke TJ. Impaired Function and Altered Morphology in the Skeletal Muscles of Adult Men and Women With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2405-2422. [PMID: 33890059 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous investigations on skeletal muscle health in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have generally focused on later stages of disease progression where comorbidities are present and are posited as a primary mechanism of muscle dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To investigate skeletal muscle function and morphology across the adult lifespan in those with and without T1D. DESIGN Participants underwent maximal contraction (MVC) testing, resting muscle biopsy, and venous blood sampling. SETTING Procedures in this study were undertaken at the McMaster University Medical Centre. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-five healthy adult (18-78 years old) men/males and women/females (T1D = 34; control = 31) matched for age/biological sex/body mass index; self-reported physical activity levels were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Our primary measure in this study was MVC, with supporting histological/immunofluorescent measures. RESULTS After 35 years of age ("older adults"), MVC declined quicker in T1D subjects compared to controls. Loss of strength in T1D was accompanied by morphological changes associated with accelerated aging. Type 1 myofiber grouping was higher in T1D, and the groups were larger and more numerous than in controls. Older T1D females exhibited more myofibers expressing multiple myosin heavy chain isoforms (hybrid fibers) than controls, another feature of accelerated aging. Conversely, T1D males exhibited a shift toward type 2 fibers, with less evidence of myofiber grouping or hybrid fibers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest impairments to skeletal muscle function and morphology exist in T1D. The decline in strength with T1D is accelerated after 35 years of age and may be responsible for the earlier onset of frailty, which characterizes those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athan G Dial
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M F Monaco
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Grace K Grafham
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tirth P Patel
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas J Hawke
- Dept of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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34
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McKendry J, Stokes T, Mcleod JC, Phillips SM. Resistance Exercise, Aging, Disuse, and Muscle Protein Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2249-2278. [PMID: 34190341 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the organ of locomotion, its optimal function is critical for athletic performance, and is also important for health due to its contribution to resting metabolic rate and as a site for glucose uptake and storage. Numerous endogenous and exogenous factors influence muscle mass. Much of what is currently known regarding muscle protein turnover is owed to the development and use of stable isotope tracers. Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the meal- and contraction-induced alterations of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown. Increased loading as resistance training is the most potent nonpharmacological strategy by which skeletal muscle mass can be increased. Conversely, aging (sarcopenia) and muscle disuse lead to the development of anabolic resistance and contribute to the loss of skeletal muscle mass. Nascent omics-based technologies have significantly improved our understanding surrounding the regulation of skeletal muscle mass at the gene, transcript, and protein levels. Despite significant advances surrounding the mechanistic intricacies that underpin changes in skeletal muscle mass, these processes are complex, and more work is certainly needed. In this article, we provide an overview of the importance of skeletal muscle, describe the influence that resistance training, aging, and disuse exert on muscle protein turnover and the molecular regulatory processes that contribute to changes in muscle protein abundance. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2249-2278, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Mcleod
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Soendenbroe C, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Muscle-nerve communication and the molecular assessment of human skeletal muscle denervation with aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C317-C329. [PMID: 34161153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber denervation is a major contributor to the decline in physical function observed with aging. Denervation can occur through breakdown of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) itself, affecting only that particular fiber, or through the death of a motor neuron, which can lead to a loss of all the muscle fibers in that motor unit. In this review, we discuss the muscle-nerve relationship, where signaling from both the motor neuron and the muscle fiber is required for maximal preservation of neuromuscular function in old age. Physical activity is likely to be the most important single factor that can contribute to this preservation. Furthermore, we propose that inactivity is not an innocent bystander, but plays an active role in denervation through the production of signals hostile to neuron survival. Investigating denervation in human muscle tissue samples is challenging due to the shared protein profile of regenerating and denervated muscle fibers. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the key traits observed in immunohistochemical preparations of muscle biopsies from healthy, young, and elderly individuals. Overall, a combination of assessing tissue samples, circulating biomarkers, and electrophysiological assessments in humans will prove fruitful in the quest to gain more understanding of denervation of skeletal muscle. In addition, cell culture models represent a valuable tool in the search for key signaling factors exchanged between muscle and nerve, and which exercise has the capacity to alter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Clemens Z, Sivakumar S, Pius A, Sahu A, Shinde S, Mamiya H, Luketich N, Cui J, Dixit P, Hoeck JD, Kreuz S, Franti M, Barchowsky A, Ambrosio F. The biphasic and age-dependent impact of klotho on hallmarks of aging and skeletal muscle function. eLife 2021; 10:e61138. [PMID: 33876724 PMCID: PMC8118657 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by disrupted information flow, resulting from accumulation of molecular mistakes. These mistakes ultimately give rise to debilitating disorders including skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia. To derive a global metric of growing 'disorderliness' of aging muscle, we employed a statistical physics approach to estimate the state parameter, entropy, as a function of genes associated with hallmarks of aging. Escalating network entropy reached an inflection point at old age, while structural and functional alterations progressed into oldest-old age. To probe the potential for restoration of molecular 'order' and reversal of the sarcopenic phenotype, we systemically overexpressed the longevity protein, Klotho, via AAV. Klotho overexpression modulated genes representing all hallmarks of aging in old and oldest-old mice, but pathway enrichment revealed directions of changes were, for many genes, age-dependent. Functional improvements were also age-dependent. Klotho improved strength in old mice, but failed to induce benefits beyond the entropic tipping point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Sruthi Sivakumar
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Sunita Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Hikaru Mamiya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Nathaniel Luketich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Purushottam Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, IncRheinGermany
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
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37
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Fuertes-Alvarez S, Izeta A. Terminal Schwann Cell Aging: Implications for Age-Associated Neuromuscular Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2021; 12:494-514. [PMID: 33815879 PMCID: PMC7990373 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Action potential is transmitted to muscle fibers through specialized synaptic interfaces called neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). These structures are capped by terminal Schwann cells (tSCs), which play essential roles during formation and maintenance of the NMJ. tSCs are implicated in the correct communication between nerves and muscles, and in reinnervation upon injury. During aging, loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia and dynapenia) are due, at least in part, to the progressive loss of contacts between muscle fibers and nerves. Despite the important role of tSCs in NMJ function, very little is known on their implication in the NMJ-aging process and in age-associated denervation. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the implication of tSCs in the age-associated degeneration of NMJs. We also speculate on the possible mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- 1Biodonostia, Tissue Engineering Group, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Ander Izeta
- 1Biodonostia, Tissue Engineering Group, Paseo Dr. Begiristain, s/n, San Sebastian 20014, Spain.,2Tecnun-University of Navarra, School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Paseo Mikeletegi, 48, San Sebastian 20009, Spain
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38
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Skoglund E, Grönholdt-Klein M, Rullman E, Thornell LE, Strömberg A, Hedman A, Cederholm T, Ulfhake B, Gustafsson T. Longitudinal Muscle and Myocellular Changes in Community-Dwelling Men Over Two Decades of Successful Aging-The ULSAM Cohort Revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:654-663. [PMID: 31002330 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Participants of the population-based Uppsala longitudinal study of adult men (ULSAM) cohort reaching more than 88 years of age (survivors, S) were investigated at age 70, 82, and 88-90 and compared at 70 years with non-survivors (NS) not reaching 82 years. Body composition, muscle mass and muscle histology were remarkably stable over 18 years of advanced aging in S. Analysis of genes involved in muscle remodeling showed that S had higher mRNA levels of myogenic differentiation factors (Myogenin, MyoD), embryonic myosin (eMyHC), enzymes involved in regulated breakdown of myofibrillar proteins (Smad2, Trim32, MuRF1,) and NCAM compared with healthy adult men (n = 8). S also had higher mRNA levels of eMyHC, Smad 2, MuRF1 compared with NS. At 88 years, S expressed decreased levels of Myogenin, MyoD, eMyHC, NCAM and Smad2 towards those seen in NS at 70 years. The gene expression pattern of S at 70 years was likely beneficial since they maintained muscle fiber histology and appendicular lean body mass until advanced age. The expression pattern at 88 years may indicate a diminished muscle remodeling coherent with a decline of reinnervation capacity and/or plasticity at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anu Hedman
- Heart Centre East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Estonia
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Spendiff S, Howarth R, McMacken G, Davey T, Quinlan K, O'Connor E, Slater C, Hettwer S, Mäder A, Roos A, Horvath R, Lochmüller H. Modulation of the Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering Pathway Improves Neuromuscular Junction Structure and Muscle Strength in a Mouse Model of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:594220. [PMID: 33390901 PMCID: PMC7773664 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.594220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a diverse group of inherited neuromuscular disorders characterized by a failure of synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). CMS often present early with fatigable weakness and can be fatal through respiratory complications. The AGRN gene is one of over 30 genes known to harbor mutations causative for CMS. In this study, we aimed to determine if a compound (NT1654), developed to stimulate the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering pathway, would benefit a mouse model of CMS caused by a loss-of-function mutation in Agrn (Agrnnmf380 mouse). Methods:Agrnnmf380 mice received an injection of either NT1654 or vehicle compound daily, with wild-type litter mates used for comparison. Animals were weighed daily and underwent grip strength assessments. After 30 days of treatment animals were sacrificed, and muscles collected. Investigations into NMJ and muscle morphology were performed on collected tissue. Results: While minimal improvements in NMJ ultrastructure were observed with electron microscopy, gross NMJ structure analysis using fluorescent labelling and confocal microscopy revealed extensive postsynaptic improvements in Agrnnmf380 mice with NT1654 administration, with variables frequently returning to wild type levels. An improvement in muscle weight and myofiber characteristics helped increase forelimb grip strength and body weight. Conclusions: We conclude that NT1654 restores NMJ postsynaptic structure and improves muscle strength through normalization of muscle fiber composition and the prevention of atrophy. We hypothesize this occurs through the AChR clustering pathway in Agrnnmf380 mice. Future studies should investigate if this may represent a viable treatment option for patients with CMS, especially those with mutations in proteins of the AChR clustering pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Spendiff
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Howarth
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Grace McMacken
- Department of Neurosciences, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Davey
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlyn Quinlan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily O'Connor
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clarke Slater
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andreas Roos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Bao Z, Cui C, Chow SKH, Qin L, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. AChRs Degeneration at NMJ in Aging-Associated Sarcopenia-A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:597811. [PMID: 33362532 PMCID: PMC7759742 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.597811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging process with a decline of skeletal muscle mass and function, which is a challenging public health problem with reduced quality of life in patients. The endplate, the post-synaptic part of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), occupies 0.1% of the myofiber surface area only, but is composed of millions of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) that are efficient in binding to acetylcholine (ACh) and triggering skeletal muscle contraction. This systematic review aims to examine aging-associated alterations of post-synaptic AChRs, including morphology, function and related gene expression. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science with relevant keywords by two independent reviewers. Original pre-clinical and clinical studies regarding AChRs changes during aging with available full text and written in English were included. Information was extracted from the included studies for further review. In total, 30 articles were included. Various parameters assessing AChRs alterations by radioassay, immunofluorescence, electrophysiology and mechanical test were reported. Endplate fragmentation and denervation were common in old skeletal muscles during aging. To ensure efficient NMJ transmission and force generation, type I or IIb muscle fibers tended to have increased ACh quanta releasing after electrical stimulations, while type IIa muscle fibers tended to have stronger binding between ACh and AChRs, but the overall function of AChRs was reduced during aging. Alterations of AChRs area depended on muscle type, species and the progress of muscle atrophy and type I muscles fibers tended to demonstrate enlarging AChRs areas. Myogenic regulator factors (MRFs) can regulate the expression of AChRs subunits, while decreased MRF4 may lead to expression changes of AChRs subunits during aging. Sarcoglycan-α can delay low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) degradation. This protein was increased in old muscles but still cannot suppress the degradation of LRP4. Investigating the role of these AChRs-related genes in the process of aging may provide a potential target to treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Anton SD, Cruz-Almeida Y, Singh A, Alpert J, Bensadon B, Cabrera M, Clark DJ, Ebner NC, Esser KA, Fillingim RB, Goicolea SM, Han SM, Kallas H, Johnson A, Leeuwenburgh C, Liu AC, Manini TM, Marsiske M, Moore F, Qiu P, Mankowski RT, Mardini M, McLaren C, Ranka S, Rashidi P, Saini S, Sibille KT, Someya S, Wohlgemuth S, Tucker C, Xiao R, Pahor M. Innovations in Geroscience to enhance mobility in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111123. [PMID: 33191210 PMCID: PMC7581361 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. The science of gerontology - or geroscience - has the practical purpose of "adding life to the years." The overall goal of geroscience is to increase healthspan, which refers to extending the portion of the lifespan in which the individual experiences enjoyment, satisfaction, and wellness. An important facet of this goal is preserving mobility, defined as the ability to move independently. Despite this clear purpose, this has proven to be a challenging endeavor as mobility and function in later life are influenced by a complex interaction of factors across multiple domains. Moreover, findings over the past decade have highlighted the complexity of walking and how targeting multiple systems, including the brain and sensory organs, as well as the environment in which a person lives, can have a dramatic effect on an older person's mobility and function. For these reasons, behavioral interventions that incorporate complex walking tasks and other activities of daily living appear to be especially helpful for improving mobility function. Other pharmaceutical interventions, such as oxytocin, and complementary and alternative interventions, such as massage therapy, may enhance physical function both through direct effects on biological mechanisms related to mobility, as well as indirectly through modulation of cognitive and socioemotional processes. Thus, the purpose of the present review is to describe evolving interventional approaches to enhance mobility and maintain healthspan in the growing population of older adults in the United States and countries throughout the world. Such interventions are likely to be greatly assisted by technological advances and the widespread adoption of virtual communications during and after the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Anton
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- University of Florida, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, 1329 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- University of Florida, Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Jordan Alpert
- University of Florida, College of Journalism and Communications, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Benjamin Bensadon
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Melanie Cabrera
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - David J Clark
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- University of Florida, Department of Psychology, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Karyn A Esser
- University of Florida, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- University of Florida, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, 1329 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Soamy Montesino Goicolea
- University of Florida, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, 1329 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Sung Min Han
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Henrique Kallas
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Alisa Johnson
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Andrew C Liu
- University of Florida, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Todd M Manini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Michael Marsiske
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Frederick Moore
- University of Florida, Department of Surgery, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Peihua Qiu
- University of Florida, Department of Biostatistics, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Mamoun Mardini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Christian McLaren
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sanjay Ranka
- University of Florida, Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Parisa Rashidi
- University of Florida, Department of Biomedical Engineering. P.O. Box 116131. Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Sunil Saini
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Shinichi Someya
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Stephanie Wohlgemuth
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Carolyn Tucker
- University of Florida, Department of Psychology, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Rui Xiao
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Marco Pahor
- University of Florida, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Cloning and characterization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor γ-like gene in adult transparent Pristella maxillaris. Gene 2020; 769:145193. [PMID: 33007374 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in regulating the development and function of nervous system. The muscle AChR is composed of four homologous glycoprotein subunits with a stoichiometry α2βγδ in fetal or α2βεδ in adult. But the mechanism controlling the transition of fetal AChR γ-subunit to adult AChR ε is still unknown. Here a gene annoted AChR γ-like in Pristella maxillaris was first cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) based on a transcriptome of dorsal fins. The full length of AChR γ-like was 1984 bp and it encoded 518 amino acids from 100 bp to 1653 bp. The multiple alignment analysis showed that AChR γ-like had 98% protein identity to AChR γ-like in Astyanax mexicanus. Then an 11647 bp DNA from 5'-UTR to 3'-UTR was cloned based on gene structure of AChR γ-like in A.mexicanus. Additionally a 2768 bp DNA upstream 5'-UTR was cloned by chromosome walking method. Furthermore, the results from semi-quantitative PCR showed that AChR γ-like was highly expressed in embryo and adult tissues, such as the muscle, eye, heart and intestine. While it showed low expression in the brain and gill. Significantly, the results of in situ hybridization showed strong diffused expression of AChR γ-like in the muscle of 1 dpf (day post-fertilization) embryo. And weak signal was observed in the muscle of 2-4 dpf embryos. All these data indicated that AChR γ-like could be one subunit of AChRs in the muscle and it could be used to study the development of the neuromuscular junction in adult transparent Pristella maxillaris. Thus our work will lay the foundation for using Pristella maxillaris to analyze the in vivo function of the nAChRs in adult vertebrate.
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Messa GAM, Piasecki M, Rittweger J, McPhee JS, Koltai E, Radak Z, Simunic B, Heinonen A, Suominen H, Korhonen MT, Degens H. Absence of an aging‐related increase in fiber type grouping in athletes and non‐athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2057-2069. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. M. Messa
- Department of Life Sciences Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC‐Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Division Space Physiology Institute of Aerospace Medicine German Aerospace Center Cologne Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Sport Science University of Physical Education Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science University of Physical Education Budapest Hungary
| | - Bostjan Simunic
- Science and Research Centre Koper Institute for Kinesiology Research Koper Sloveni
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Harri Suominen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Centre Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures Targu Mures Rumania
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44
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Zullo A, Fleckenstein J, Schleip R, Hoppe K, Wearing S, Klingler W. Structural and Functional Changes in the Coupling of Fascial Tissue, Skeletal Muscle, and Nerves During Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32670080 PMCID: PMC7327116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a one-way process associated with profound structural and functional changes in the organism. Indeed, the neuromuscular system undergoes a wide remodeling, which involves muscles, fascia, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. As a result, intrinsic features of tissues, as well as their functional and structural coupling, are affected and a decline in overall physical performance occurs. Evidence from the scientific literature demonstrates that senescence is associated with increased stiffness and reduced elasticity of fascia, as well as loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative potential. The interaction between muscular and fascial structures is also weakened. As for the nervous system, aging leads to motor cortex atrophy, reduced motor cortical excitability, and plasticity, thus leading to accumulation of denervated muscle fibers. As a result, the magnitude of force generated by the neuromuscular apparatus, its transmission along the myofascial chain, joint mobility, and movement coordination are impaired. In this review, we summarize the evidence about the deleterious effect of aging on skeletal muscle, fascial tissue, and the nervous system. In particular, we address the structural and functional changes occurring within and between these tissues and discuss the effect of inflammation in aging. From the clinical perspective, this article outlines promising approaches for analyzing the composition and the viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscle, such as ultrasonography and elastography, which could be applied for a better understanding of musculoskeletal modifications occurring with aging. Moreover, we describe the use of tissue manipulation techniques, such as massage, traction, mobilization as well as acupuncture, dry needling, and nerve block, to enhance fascial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Johannes Fleckenstein
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Schleip
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hoppe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott Wearing
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Werner Klingler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Fascia Research Group, Department of Experimental Anaesthesiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, SRH Hospital Sigmaringen, Sigmaringen, Germany
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45
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Yanai K, Kaneko S, Ishii H, Aomatsu A, Ito K, Hirai K, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. MicroRNAs in Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:180. [PMID: 32549041 PMCID: PMC7270169 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, which is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle, has been reported to contribute to development of physical disabilities, various illnesses, and increasing mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation of target messenger RNAs. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs play pivotal roles in the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on miRNAs that regulate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Yanai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneko
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akinori Aomatsu
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Intensive Care Unit, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Ito
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirai
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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46
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Lavin KM, Sealfon SC, McDonald MLN, Roberts BM, Wilk K, Nair VD, Ge Y, Lakshman Kumar P, Windham ST, Bamman MM. Skeletal muscle transcriptional networks linked to type I myofiber grouping in Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:229-240. [PMID: 31829804 PMCID: PMC7052589 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00702.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder impacting cognition, movement, and quality of life in >10 million individuals worldwide. We recently characterized and quantified a skeletal muscle pathology in PD represented by exaggerated type I myofiber grouping presumed to result from denervation-reinnervation processes. Our previous findings indicated that impaired neuromuscular junction integrity may be involved in type I grouping, which is associated with excessive motor unit activation during weight-bearing tasks. In this study, we performed transcriptional profiling to test the hypothesis that type I grouping severity would link to distinct gene expression networks. We generated transcriptome-wide poly(A) RNA-Seq data from skeletal muscle of individuals with PD [n = 12 (9 men, 3 women); 67 ± 2 yr], age- and sex-matched older adults (n = 12; 68 ± 2 yr), and sex-matched young adults (n = 12; 30 ± 1 yr). Differentially expressed genes were evaluated across cohorts. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene networks most correlated with indicators of abnormal type I grouping. Among coexpression networks mapping to phenotypes pathologically increased in PD muscle, one network was highly significantly correlated to type I myofiber group size and another to percentage of type I myofibers found in groups. Annotation of coexpressed networks revealed that type I grouping is associated with altered expression of genes involved in neural development, postsynaptic signaling, cell cycle regulation and cell survival, protein and energy metabolism, inflammation/immunity, and posttranscriptional regulation (microRNAs). These transcriptomic findings suggest that skeletal muscle may play an active role in signaling to promote myofiber survival, reinnervation, and remodeling, perhaps to an extreme in PD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite our awareness of the impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on motor function for over two centuries, limited attention has focused on skeletal muscle. We previously identified type I myofiber grouping, a novel indicator of muscle dysfunction in PD, presumably a result of heightened rates of denervation/reinnervation. Using transcriptional profiling to identify networks associated with this phenotype, we provide insight into potential mechanistic roles of skeletal muscle in signaling to promote its survival in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M Lavin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brandon M Roberts
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Preeti Lakshman Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Samuel T Windham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Anagnostou ME, Hepple RT. Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration with Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010197. [PMID: 31941062 PMCID: PMC7016881 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle deteriorates with aging, contributing to physical frailty, poor health outcomes, and increased risk of mortality. Denervation is a major driver of changes in aging muscle. This occurs through transient denervation-reinnervation events throughout the aging process that remodel the spatial domain of motor units and alter fiber type. In advanced age, reinnervation wanes, leading to persistent denervation that accelerates muscle atrophy and impaired muscle contractility. Alterations in the muscle fibers and motoneurons are both likely involved in driving denervation through destabilization of the neuromuscular junction. In this respect, mitochondria are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, and are also likely key to aging muscle changes through their direct effects in muscle fibers and through secondary effects mediated by mitochondrial impairments in motoneurons. Indeed, the large abundance of mitochondria in muscle fibers and motoneurons, that are further concentrated on both sides of the neuromuscular junction, likely renders the neuromuscular junction especially vulnerable to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction with aging include impaired respiratory function, elevated reactive oxygen species production, and increased susceptibility to permeability transition, contributing to reduced ATP generating capacity, oxidative damage, and apoptotic signaling, respectively. Using this framework, in this review we summarize our current knowledge, and relevant gaps, concerning the potential impact of mitochondrial impairment on the aging neuromuscular junction, and the mechanisms involved.
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48
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Grönholdt‐Klein M, Altun M, Becklén M, Dickman Kahm E, Fahlström A, Rullman E, Ulfhake B. Muscle atrophy and regeneration associated with behavioural loss and recovery of function after sciatic nerve crush. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13335. [PMID: 31199566 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To resolve timing and coordination of denervation atrophy and the re-innervation recovery process to discern correlations indicative of common programs governing these processes. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats had a unilateral sciatic nerve crush. Based on longitudinal behavioural observations, the triceps surae muscle was analysed at different time points post-lesion. RESULTS Crush results in a loss of muscle function and mass (-30%) followed by a recovery to almost pre-lesion status at 30 days post-crush (dpc). There was no loss of fibres nor any significant change in the number of nuclei per fibre but a shift in fibres expressing myosins I and II that reverted back to control levels at 30 dpc. A residual was the persistence of hybrid fibres. Early on a CHNR -ε to -γ switch and a re-expression of embryonic MyHC showed as signs of denervation. Foxo1, Smad3, Fbxo32 and Trim63 transcripts were upregulated but not Myostatin, InhibinA and ActivinR2B. Combined this suggests that the mechanism instigating atrophy provides a selectivity of pathway(s) activated. The myogenic differentiation factors (MDFs: Myog, Myod1 and Myf6) were upregulated early on suggesting a role also in the initial atrophy. The regulation of these transcripts returned towards baseline at 30 dpc. The examined genes showed a strong baseline covariance in transcript levels which dissolved in the response to crush driven mainly by the MDFs. At 30 dpc the naïve expression pattern was re-established. CONCLUSION Peripheral nerve crush offers an excellent model to assess and interfere with muscle adaptions to denervation and re-innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Altun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Meneca Becklén
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Fahlström
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Thalacker-Mercer A, Riddle E, Barre L. Protein and amino acids for skeletal muscle health in aging. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 91:29-64. [PMID: 32035599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and its building blocks, amino acids, have many physiological roles in the body. While some amino acids can be synthesized endogenously, exogenous protein and amino acids are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Because skeletal muscle contains a large portion of endogenous protein and plays important roles in movement, regulation, and metabolism, imbalanced protein and amino acid availability may result in clinical conditions including skeletal muscle atrophy, impaired muscle growth or regrowth, and functional decline. Aging is associated with changes in protein metabolism and multiple physiological and functional alterations in the skeletal muscle that are accentuated by decreased dietary protein intake and impaired anabolic responses to stimuli. Inactivity and chronically elevated inflammation of the skeletal muscle can initiate and/or augment pathological remodeling of the tissue (i.e., increase of fat and fibrotic tissues and atrophy of the muscle). Defining an adequate amount of dietary protein that is appropriate to maintain the availability of amino acids for biological needs is necessary but is still widely debated for older adults. This chapter will provide (i) an overview of dietary protein and amino acids and their role in skeletal muscle health; (ii) an overview of skeletal muscle structure and function and the deterioration of muscle that occurs with advancing age; (iii) a discussion of the relationship between protein/amino acid metabolism and skeletal muscle decline with aging; and (iv) a brief discussion of optimal protein intakes for older adults to maintain skeletal muscle health in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Barre
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Davies TM, Schofield MR, Cornwall J, Sheard PW. Modelling multilevel spatial behaviour in binary-mark muscle fibre configurations. Ann Appl Stat 2019. [DOI: 10.1214/18-aoas1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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