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Andriana P, Fair-Mäkelä R, Liljenbäck H, Kärnä S, Iqbal I, Makrypidi K, Rajander J, Pirmettis I, Li XG, Jalkanen S, Saraste A, Salmi M, Roivainen A. Macrophage mannose receptor CD206 targeting of fluoride-18 labeled mannosylated dextran: A validation study in mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2216-2228. [PMID: 38532026 PMCID: PMC11178572 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum fluoride-18-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-conjugated mannosylated dextran derivative (Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM) is a new tracer for PET imaging. We report here on in vitro and in vivo validation of the tracer's ability to target the macrophage mannose receptor CD206. METHODS First, the uptake of intravenously (i.v.) administered Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was compared between wild-type (WT) and CD206-/- knockout (KO) mice. C57BL/6N mice were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the left hind leg and the uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM after i.v. or intradermal (i.d.) injection was studied at 5 and 14 days after CFA induction of inflammation. Healthy C57BL/6N mice were studied as controls. Mice underwent PET/CT on consecutive days with [18F]FDG, i.v. Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM, and i.d. Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM. After the last imaging, Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was i.v. injected for an ex vivo biodistribution study and autoradiography of inflamed tissues. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the specificity of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM binding, an in vitro competitive displacement study was performed on inflamed tissue sections using autoradiography. CD206 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, the uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was significantly lower in several CD206-/- KO mice tissues, including liver (SUV 8.21 ± 2.51 vs. 1.06 ± 0.16, P < 0.001) and bone marrow (SUV 1.63 ± 0.37 vs. 0.22 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001). The uptake of i.v. injected Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was significantly higher in inflamed ankle joint (SUV 0.48 ± 0.13 vs. 0.18 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001) and inflamed foot pad skin (SUV 0.41 ± 0.10 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001) than in the corresponding tissues in healthy mice. The i.d.-injected Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM revealed differences between CFA-induced lymph node activation and lymph nodes in healthy mice. Ex vivo γ-counting, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry supported the results, and a decrease of ~ 80% in the binding of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM in the displacement study with excess NOTA-D10CM confirmed that tracer binding was specific. At 60 min after i.v. injection, an average 96.70% of plasma radioactivity was derived from intact Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM, indicating good in vivo stability. The uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM into inflamed tissues was positively associated with the area percentage of CD206-positive staining. CONCLUSION The uptake of mannosylated dextran derivative Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM correlated with CD206 expression and the tracer appears promising for inflammation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Andriana
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ruth Fair-Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center of Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantina Makrypidi
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center of Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Wang A, Liu Y, Xiong W, Li W, Li J, Yang Z, Zou Z, Luo Y, Chen Z, Li H, Vong CT, Zou L. Targeting Inflammatory Lesions Facilitated by Galactosylation Modified Delivery System Eudragit/Gal-PLGA@Honokiol for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00231-4. [PMID: 38901529 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK) is one of the bioactive ingredients from the well-known Chinese herbal medicine Magnolia officinalis, and its research interests is rising for its extensive pharmacological activities, including novel therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis (UC). However, further application of HNK is largely limited by its unique physicochemical properties, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, as well as unsatisfied targeting efficacy for inflammatory lesions. In this study, we constructed galactosylation modified PLGA nanoparticles delivery system for efficient target delivery of HNK to the colitic lesions, which could lay a research foundation for the deep development of HNK for the treatment of UC. D-galactose was grafted by chemical coupling reactions with PLGA to prepare Gal-PLGA, which was used as a carrier for HNK (Gal-PLGA@HNK nanoparticles (NPs)). To improve the colon targeting efficiency by oral administration of the NPs, Eudragit S100 was used for wrapping on the surface of Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs (E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs). Our results showed that the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs were 90.72 ± 0.54% and 8.41 ± 0.02%, respectively. Its average particle size was 242.24 ± 8.42 nm, with a PDI value of 0.135 ± 0.06 and zeta-potential of -16.83 ± 1.89 mV. The release rate of HNK from E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs was significantly decreased when compared with that of free HNK in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, which displayed a slow-releasing property. It was also found that the cellular uptake of E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs was significantly increased when compared with that of free HNK in RAW264.7 cells, which was facilitated by D-galactose grafting on the PLGA carrier. Additionally, our results showed that E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs significantly improved colonic atrophy, body weight loss, as well as reducing disease activity index (DAI) score and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in UC mice induced by DSS. Besides, the retention time of E/Gal-PLGA@HNK NPs in the colon was significantly increased when compared with that of other preparations, suggesting that these NPs could prolong the interaction between HNK and the injured colon. Taken together, the efficiency for target delivery of HNK to the inflammatory lesions was significantly improved by galactosylation modification on the PLGA carrier, which provided great benefits for the alleviation of colonic inflammation and injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for advanced study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Wugui Xiong
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for advanced study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jin Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Zhongtao Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yinjia Luo
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Zhoujiang Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for advanced study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for advanced study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Institute for advanced study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Heo GS, Li A, Lahad D, Detering L, Tao J, Gao X, Zhang X, Luehmann H, Sultan D, Lou L, Venkatesan R, Li R, Zheng J, Amrute J, Lin CY, Kopecky BJ, Gropler RJ, Bredemeyer A, Lavine K, Liu Y. Development of a CD163-Targeted PET Radiotracer That Images Resident Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:775-780. [PMID: 38548349 PMCID: PMC11064833 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are complementary to proinflammatory macrophages to promote the progression of atherosclerosis. The noninvasive detection of their presence and dynamic variation will be important to the understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to develop a targeted PET radiotracer for imaging CD163-positive (CD163+) macrophages in multiple mouse atherosclerosis models and assess the potential of CD163 as a biomarker for atherosclerosis in humans. Methods: CD163-binding peptide was identified using phage display and conjugated with a NODAGA chelator for 64Cu radiolabeling ([64Cu]Cu-ICT-01). CD163-overexpressing U87 cells were used to measure the binding affinity of [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01. Biodistribution studies were performed on wild-type C57BL/6 mice at multiple time points after tail vein injection. The sensitivity and specificity of [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01 in imaging CD163+ macrophages upregulated on the surface of atherosclerotic plaques were assessed in multiple mouse atherosclerosis models. Immunostaining, flow cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to characterize the expression of CD163 on tissue-resident macrophages. Human carotid atherosclerotic plaques were used to measure the expression of CD163+ resident macrophages and test the binding specificity of [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01. Results: [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01 showed high binding affinity to U87 cells. The biodistribution study showed rapid blood and renal clearance with low retention in all major organs at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection. In an ApoE-/- mouse model, [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01 demonstrated sensitive and specific detection of CD163+ macrophages and capability for tracking the progression of atherosclerotic lesions; these findings were further confirmed in Ldlr-/- and PCSK9 mouse models. Immunostaining showed elevated expression of CD163+ macrophages across the plaques. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed the specific expression of CD163 on tissue-resident macrophages. Human tissue characterization demonstrated high expression of CD163+ macrophages on atherosclerotic lesions, and ex vivo autoradiography revealed specific binding of [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01 to human CD163. Conclusion: This work reported the development of a PET radiotracer binding CD163+ macrophages. The elevated expression of CD163+ resident macrophages on human plaques indicated the potential of CD163 as a biomarker for vulnerable plaques. The sensitivity and specificity of [64Cu]Cu-ICT-01 in imaging CD163+ macrophages warrant further investigation in translational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alexandria Li
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Divangana Lahad
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joan Tao
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lanlan Lou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rajiu Venkatesan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ran Li
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Junedh Amrute
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin J Kopecky
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrea Bredemeyer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Kory Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
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Maier A, Teunissen AJP, Nauta SA, Lutgens E, Fayad ZA, van Leent MMT. Uncovering atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by PET imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01009-x. [PMID: 38575752 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Assessing atherosclerosis severity is essential for precise patient stratification. Specifically, there is a need to identify patients with residual inflammation because these patients remain at high risk of cardiovascular events despite optimal management of cardiovascular risk factors. Molecular imaging techniques, such as PET, can have an essential role in this context. PET imaging can indicate tissue-based disease status, detect early molecular changes and provide whole-body information. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics continue to help to decipher the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inform the development of imaging tracers. Concomitant advances in tracer synthesis methods and PET imaging technology provide future possibilities for atherosclerosis imaging. In this Review, we summarize the latest developments in PET imaging techniques and technologies for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and discuss the relationship between imaging readouts and transcriptomics-based plaque phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy M T van Leent
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Cong Y, Devoogdt N, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Based on VHHs for Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38254860 PMCID: PMC10814765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the distinctive structure of heavy chain-only antibodies in species belonging to the Camelidae family has elicited significant interest in their variable antigen binding domain (VHH) and gained attention for various applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of VHHs as compared to conventional antibodies, and their usage in diverse applications. The singular properties of VHHs are explained, and several strategies that can augment their utility are outlined. The preclinical studies illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of distinct VHHs in diverse formats against solid cancers are summarized, and an overview of the clinical trials assessing VHH-based agents in oncology is provided. These investigations demonstrate the enormous potential of VHHs for medical research and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
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Wieland EB, Kempen LJ, Donners MM, Biessen EA, Goossens P. Macrophage heterogeneity in atherosclerosis: A matter of context. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350464. [PMID: 37943053 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
During atherogenesis, plaque macrophages take up and process deposited lipids, trigger inflammation, and form necrotic cores. The traditional inflammatory/anti-inflammatory paradigm has proven insufficient in explaining their complex disease-driving mechanisms. Instead, we now appreciate that macrophages exhibit remarkable heterogeneity and functional specialization in various pathological contexts, including atherosclerosis. Technical advances for studying individual cells, especially single-cell RNA sequencing, indeed allowed to identify novel macrophage subsets in both murine and human atherosclerosis, highlighting the existence of diverse macrophage activation states throughout pathogenesis. In addition, recent studies highlighted the role of the local microenvironment in shaping the macrophages' phenotype and function. However, this remains largely undescribed in the context of atherosclerosis. In this review we explore the origins of macrophages and their functional specialization, shedding light on the diverse sources of macrophage accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Next, we discuss the phenotypic diversity observed in both murine and human atherosclerosis, elucidating their distinct functions and spatial distribution within plaques. Finally, we highlight the importance of the local microenvironment in both phenotypic and functional specialization of macrophages in atherosclerosis and elaborate on the need for spatial multiomics approaches to provide a better understanding of the different macrophage subsets' roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias B Wieland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Jap Kempen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccinology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, Liege University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marjo Mpc Donners
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Al Biessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pieter Goossens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Experimental Vascular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Molnár AÁ, Pásztor DT, Tarcza Z, Merkely B. Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17129. [PMID: 38138958 PMCID: PMC10743093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (D.T.P.); (Z.T.); (B.M.)
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8
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Gao M, Tang M, Ho W, Teng Y, Chen Q, Bu L, Xu X, Zhang XQ. Modulating Plaque Inflammation via Targeted mRNA Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17721-17739. [PMID: 37669404 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common pathology present in many cardiovascular diseases. Although the current therapies (including statins and inhibitors of the serine protease PCSK9) can effectively reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels to guideline-recommended levels, major adverse cardiovascular events still occur frequently. Indeed, the subendothelial retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall triggers multiple events of inflammation in macrophages and is a major contributor to the pathological progression of atherosclerosis. It has been gradually recognized that modulating inflammation is, therefore, an attractive avenue to forestall and treat atherosclerosis and its complications. Unfortunately, challenges with specificity and efficacy in managing plaque inflammation have hindered progress in atherosclerosis treatment. Herein, we report an NP-mediated mRNA therapeutic approach to target atherosclerotic lesional macrophages, modulating inflammation in advanced atherosclerotic lesions for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that the targeted NPs containing IL-10 mRNA colocalized with M2-like macrophages and induced IL-10 production in atherosclerotic plaques following intravenous administration to Western diet (WD)-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Additionally, the lesions showed a significantly alleviated inflammatory response, as evidenced by reduced oxidative stress and macrophage apoptosis, resulting in decreased lipid deposition, diminished necrotic areas, and increased fiber cap thickness. These results demonstrate the successful delivery of mRNA therapeutics to macrophage-enriched plaques in a preclinical model of advanced atherosclerosis, showing that this targeted NP inflammation management approach has great potential for translation into a wide range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Gao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Maoping Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | | | - Yilong Teng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qijing Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Bu
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | | | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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9
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Bedford R, Smith G, Rothwell E, Martin S, Medhane R, Casentieri D, Daunt A, Freiberg G, Hollings M. A multi-organ, lung-derived inflammatory response following in vitro airway exposure to cigarette smoke and next-generation nicotine delivery products. Toxicol Lett 2023; 387:35-49. [PMID: 37774809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing use of in vitro models that closely resemble in vivo human biology, their application in understanding downstream effects of airway toxicity, such as inflammation, are at an early stage. In this study, we used various assays to examine the inflammatory response induced in MucilAir™ tissues and A549 cells exposed to three products known to induce toxicity. Reduced barrier integrity was observed in tissues following exposure to each product, with reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity also shown. Similar changes in viability were also observed in A549 cells. Furthermore, whole cigarette smoke (CS) induced downstream phenotypic THP-1 changes and endothelial cell adhesion, an early marker of atherosclerosis. In contrast, exposure to next-generation delivery product (NGP) aerosol did not induce this response. Cytokine, histological and RNA analysis highlighted increased biomarkers linked to inflammatory pathways and immune cell differentiation following exposure to whole cigarette smoke, including GM-CSF, IL-1β, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome P450 enzymes. As a result of similar observations in human airway inflammation, we propose that our exposure platform could act as a representative model for studying such events in vitro. Furthermore, this model could be used to test the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory impact posed by inhaled compounds delivered to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedford
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
| | - G Smith
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - E Rothwell
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - S Martin
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - R Medhane
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - D Casentieri
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - A Daunt
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK
| | - G Freiberg
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Eye, UK
| | - M Hollings
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Limited, Harrogate, UK.
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10
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Gondry O, Xavier C, Raes L, Heemskerk J, Devoogdt N, Everaert H, Breckpot K, Lecocq Q, Decoster L, Fontaine C, Schallier D, Aspeslagh S, Vaneycken I, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA, Lahoutte T, Caveliers V, Keyaerts M. Phase I Study of [ 68Ga]Ga-Anti-CD206-sdAb for PET/CT Assessment of Protumorigenic Macrophage Presence in Solid Tumors (MMR Phase I). J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1378-1384. [PMID: 37474271 PMCID: PMC10478821 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role throughout the body. Antiinflammatory macrophages expressing the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR, CD206) are involved in disease development, ranging from oncology to atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD206 single-domain antibody (sdAb) is a PET tracer targeting CD206. This first-in-human study, as its primary objective, evaluated the safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry of this tracer. The secondary objective was to assess its tumor uptake. Methods: Seven patients with a solid tumor of at least 10 mm, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0 or 1, and good renal and hepatic function were included. Safety was evaluated using clinical examination and blood sampling before and after injection. For biodistribution and dosimetry, PET/CT was performed at 11, 90, and 150 min after injection; organs showing tracer uptake were delineated, and dosimetry was evaluated. Blood samples were obtained at selected time points for blood clearance. Metabolites in blood and urine were assessed. Results: Seven patients were injected with, on average, 191 MBq of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD206-sdAb. Only 1 transient adverse event of mild severity was considered to be possibly, although unlikely, related to the study drug (headache, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 1). The blood clearance was fast, with less than 20% of the injected activity remaining after 80 min. There was uptake in the liver, kidneys, spleen, adrenals, and red bone marrow. The average effective dose from the radiopharmaceutical was 4.2 mSv for males and 5.2 mSv for females. No metabolites were detected. Preliminary data of tumor uptake in cancer lesions showed higher uptake in the 3 patients who subsequently progressed than in the 3 patients without progression. One patient could not be evaluated because of technical failure. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-CD206-sdAb is safe and well tolerated. It shows rapid blood clearance and renal excretion, enabling high contrast-to-noise imaging at 90 min after injection. The radiation dose is comparable to that of routinely used PET tracers. These findings and the preliminary results in cancer patients warrant further investigation of this tracer in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odrade Gondry
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurens Raes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johannes Heemskerk
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Everaert
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lore Decoster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christel Fontaine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Schallier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vaneycken
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- MIMA, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Martínez-Parra L, Piñol-Cancer M, Sanchez-Cano C, Miguel-Coello AB, Di Silvio D, Gomez AM, Uriel C, Plaza-García S, Gallego M, Pazos R, Groult H, Jeannin M, Geraki K, Fernández-Méndez L, Urkola-Arsuaga A, Sánchez-Guisado MJ, Carrillo-Romero J, Parak WJ, Prato M, Herranz F, Ruiz-Cabello J, Carregal-Romero S. A Comparative Study of Ultrasmall Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaque. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13811-13825. [PMID: 37399106 PMCID: PMC10900527 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease that can lead to life-threatening events, such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Despite the severity of this disease, diagnosing plaque vulnerability remains challenging due to the lack of effective diagnostic tools. Conventional diagnostic protocols lack specificity and fail to predict the type of atherosclerotic lesion and the risk of plaque rupture. To address this issue, technologies are emerging, such as noninvasive medical imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with customized nanotechnological solutions. Modulating the biological interactions and contrast of nanoparticles in various imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, is possible through the careful design of their physicochemical properties. However, few examples of comparative studies between nanoparticles targeting different hallmarks of atherosclerosis exist to provide information about the plaque development stage. Our work demonstrates that Gd (III)-doped amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles are an effective tool for these comparative studies due to their high magnetic resonance contrast and physicochemical properties. In an animal model of atherosclerosis, we compare the imaging performance of three types of nanoparticles: bare amorphous calcium carbonate and those functionalized with the ligands alendronate (for microcalcification targeting) and trimannose (for inflammation targeting). Our study provides useful insights into ligand-mediated targeted imaging of atherosclerosis through a combination of in vivo imaging, ex vivo tissue analysis, and in vitro targeting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Martínez-Parra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Marina Piñol-Cancer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana B Miguel-Coello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Desirè Di Silvio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana M Gomez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Plaza-García
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Marta Gallego
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Raquel Pazos
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Hugo Groult
- Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé, Littoral Environment et Sociétés (LIENSs Laboratory), UMR CNRS 7266, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Marc Jeannin
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement (LaSIE), UMR-CNRS 7536, La Rochelle Université, 7356 La Rochelle, France
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Fernández-Méndez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhize Urkola-Arsuaga
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Sánchez-Guisado
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Carrillo-Romero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Basque Res & Technol Alliance BRTA, GAIKER, Technol Ctr, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- NanoMedMol, Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carregal-Romero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Settelmeier S, Varasteh Z, Staniszewska M, Beerlage AL, Zarrad F, Fendler WP, Rischpler C, Notni J, Totzeck M, Herrmann K, Rassaf T, Hendgen-Cotta UB. Demonstration of the Early Cardiac Bioavailability of a Non-Specific Cell-Targeted Peptide Using Radionuclide-Based Imaging In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:824. [PMID: 37375771 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac bioavailability of peptide drugs that inhibit harmful intracellular protein-protein interactions in cardiovascular diseases remains a challenging task in drug development. This study investigates whether a non-specific cell-targeted peptide drug is available in a timely manner at its intended biological destination, the heart, using a combined stepwise nuclear molecular imaging approach. An octapeptide (heart8P) was covalently coupled with the trans-activator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain residues 48-59 of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (TAT-heart8P) for efficient internalization into mammalian cells. The pharmacokinetics of TAT-heart8P were evaluated in dogs and rats. The cellular internalization of TAT-heart8P-Cy(5.5) was examined on cardiomyocytes. The real-time cardiac delivery of 68Ga-NODAGA-TAT-heart8P was tested in mice under physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacokinetic studies of TAT-heart8P in dogs and rats revealed a fast blood clearance, high tissue distribution, and high extraction by the liver. TAT-heart-8P-Cy(5.5) was rapidly internalized in mouse and human cardiomyocytes. Correspondingly, organ uptake of hydrophilic 68Ga-NODAGA-TAT-heart8P occurred rapidly after injection with an initial cardiac bioavailability already 10 min post-injection. The saturable cardiac uptake was revailed by the pre-injection of the unlabeled compound. The cardiac uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-TAT-heart8P did not change in a model of cell membrane toxicity. This study provides a sequential stepwise workflow to evaluate the cardiac delivery of a hydrophilic, non-specific cell-targeting peptide. 68Ga-NODAGA-TAT-heart8P showed rapid accumulation in the target tissue early after injection. The implementation of PET/CT radionuclide-based imaging methodology as a means to assess effective and temporal cardiac uptake represents a useful and critical application in drug development and pharmacological research and can be extended to the evaluation of comparable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Settelmeier
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Zohreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Beerlage
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fadi Zarrad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang P Fendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- TRIMT GmbH, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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13
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Xia W, Singh N, Goel S, Shi S. Molecular Imaging of Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114865. [PMID: 37182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role as the first line of defense in various human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In contrast to tissue biopsies and blood biopsies, in vivo imaging of the innate immune system can provide whole body measurements of immune cell location and function and changes in response to disease progression and therapy. Rationally developed molecular imaging strategies can be used in evaluating the status and spatio-temporal distributions of the innate immune cells in near real-time, mapping the biodistribution of novel innate immunotherapies, monitoring their efficacy and potential toxicities, and eventually for stratifying patients that are likely to benefit from these immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight the current state-of-the-art in noninvasive imaging techniques for preclinical imaging of the innate immune system particularly focusing on cell trafficking, biodistribution, as well as pharmacokinetics and dynamics of promising immunotherapies in cancer and other diseases; discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in integrating imaging modalities and immunology and suggest potential solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xia
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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14
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Jin BK, Odongo S, Radwanska M, Magez S. NANOBODIES®: A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5994. [PMID: 36983063 PMCID: PMC10057852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
NANOBODY® (a registered trademark of Ablynx N.V) molecules (Nbs), also referred to as single domain-based VHHs, are antibody fragments derived from heavy-chain only IgG antibodies found in the Camelidae family. Due to their small size, simple structure, high antigen binding affinity, and remarkable stability in extreme conditions, nanobodies possess the potential to overcome several of the limitations of conventional monoclonal antibodies. For many years, nanobodies have been of great interest in a wide variety of research fields, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This culminated in the approval of the world's first nanobody based drug (Caplacizumab) in 2018 with others following soon thereafter. This review will provide an overview, with examples, of (i) the structure and advantages of nanobodies compared to conventional monoclonal antibodies, (ii) methods used to generate and produce antigen-specific nanobodies, (iii) applications for diagnostics, and (iv) ongoing clinical trials for nanobody therapeutics as well as promising candidates for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-kyung Jin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Odongo
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
- Center for Biosecurity and Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Magdalena Radwanska
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Vellasamy DM, Lee SJ, Goh KW, Goh BH, Tang YQ, Ming LC, Yap WH. Targeting Immune Senescence in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13059. [PMID: 36361845 PMCID: PMC9658319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main underlying causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is associated with chronic inflammation and intimal thickening as well as the involvement of multiple cell types including immune cells. The engagement of innate or adaptive immune response has either athero-protective or atherogenic properties in exacerbating or alleviating atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, the mechanism of action of immune cells, particularly monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B- and T-lymphocytes have been discussed. Immuno-senescence is associated with aging, viral infections, genetic predispositions, and hyperlipidemia, which contribute to atherosclerosis. Immune senescent cells secrete SASP that delays or accelerates atherosclerosis plaque growth and associated pathologies such as aneurysms and coronary artery disease. Senescent cells undergo cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and phenotypic changes in terms of their abundances and secretome profile including cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressions. The senescence markers are used in therapeutics and currently, senolytics represent one of the emerging treatments where specific targets and clearance of senescent cells are being considered as therapy targets for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusha Michelle Vellasamy
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Jye Lee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin-Quan Tang
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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16
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Kondakov A, Berdalin A, Beregov M, Lelyuk V. Emerging Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8100261. [PMID: 36286355 PMCID: PMC9605050 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic widespread cardiovascular disease and a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular events, among which there are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a process that involves different mechanisms, of which inflammation is the most common. Plenty of radiopharmaceuticals were developed to elucidate the process of plaque formation at different stages, some of which were highly specific for atherosclerotic plaque. This review summarizes the current nuclear medicine imaging landscape of preclinical and small-scale clinical studies of these specific RPs, which are not as widespread as labeled FDG, sodium fluoride, and choline. These include oxidation-specific epitope imaging, macrophage, and other cell receptors visualization, neoangiogenesis, and macrophage death imaging. It is shown that specific radiopharmaceuticals have strength in pathophysiologically sound imaging of the atherosclerotic plaques at different stages, but this also may induce problems with the signal registration for low-volume plaques in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kondakov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Radiology and Radiotherapy Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Berdalin
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-926-276-88-32
| | - Mikhail Beregov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lelyuk
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
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17
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van Sluis J, van Snick JH, Brouwers AH, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Borra RJH, Slart RHJA, Lammertsma AA, Glaudemans AWJM, Boellaard R, Tsoumpas C. EARL compliance and imaging optimisation on the Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT using phantom and clinical data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4652-4660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Current European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines for the standardisation of PET imaging developed for conventional systems have not yet been adjusted for long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) systems. In order to use the LAFOV Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT (Siemens Healthineers, Knoxville, TN, USA) in multicentre research and harmonised clinical use, compliance to EARL specifications for 18F-FDG tumour imaging was explored in the current study. Additional tests at various locations throughout the LAFOV and the use of shorter scan durations were included. Furthermore, clinical data were collected to further explore and validate the effects of reducing scan duration on semi-quantitative PET image biomarker accuracy and precision when using EARL-compliant reconstruction settings.
Methods
EARL compliance phantom measurements were performed using the NEMA image quality phantom both in the centre and at various locations throughout the LAFOV. PET data (maximum ring difference (MRD) = 85) were reconstructed using various reconstruction parameters and reprocessed to obtain images at shorter scan durations. Maximum, mean and peak activity concentration recovery coefficients (RC) were obtained for each sphere and compared to EARL standards specifications.
Additionally, PET data (MRD = 85) of 10 oncological patients were acquired and reconstructed using various reconstruction settings and reprocessed from 10 min listmode acquisition into shorter scan durations. Per dataset, SUVs were derived from tumour lesions and healthy tissues. ANOVA repeated measures were performed to explore differences in lesion SUVmax and SUVpeak. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to evaluate differences in background SUVpeak and SUVmean between scan durations. The coefficient of variation (COV) was calculated to characterise noise.
Results
Phantom measurements showed EARL compliance for all positions throughout the LAFOV for all scan durations. Regarding patient data, EARL-compliant images showed no clinically meaningful significant differences in lesion SUVmax and SUVpeak or background SUVmean and SUVpeak between scan durations. Here, COV only varied slightly.
Conclusion
Images obtained using the Vision Quadra PET/CT comply with EARL specifications. Scan duration and/or activity administration can be reduced up to a factor tenfold without the interference of increased noise.
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18
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van der Geest KSM, Sandovici M, Nienhuis PH, Slart RHJA, Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Jiemy WF. Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:902155. [PMID: 35733858 PMCID: PMC9207253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two interrelated inflammatory diseases affecting patients above 50 years of age. Patients with GCA suffer from granulomatous inflammation of medium- to large-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to severe ischemic complications (e.g., irreversible vision loss and stroke) and aneurysm-related complications (such as aortic dissection). On the other hand, patients suffering from PMR present with proximal stiffness and pain due to inflammation of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. PMR is observed in 40-60% of patients with GCA, while up to 21% of patients suffering from PMR are also affected by GCA. Due to the risk of ischemic complications, GCA has to be promptly treated upon clinical suspicion. The treatment of both GCA and PMR still heavily relies on glucocorticoids (GCs), although novel targeted therapies are emerging. Imaging has a central position in the diagnosis of GCA and PMR. While [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis of GCA and PMR, it possesses major drawbacks such as unspecific uptake in cells with high glucose metabolism, high background activity in several non-target organs and a decrease of diagnostic accuracy already after a short course of GC treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of GCA and, to some extent, PMR has advanced. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cellular heterogeneity in the immunopathology of GCA/PMR and discuss how recent advances in specific tissue infiltrating leukocyte and stromal cell profiles may be exploited as a source of novel targets for imaging. Finally, we discuss prospective novel PET radiotracers that may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring in GCA and PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Nienhuis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - William F. Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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19
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Fernandes B, Feltes PK, Luft C, Nazario LR, Jeckel CMM, Antunes IF, Elsinga PH, de Vries EFJ. Potential PET tracers for imaging of tumor-associated macrophages. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:11. [PMID: 35526184 PMCID: PMC9081075 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of cancer over the years is one of the most challenging problems in healthcare. As cancer progresses, the recruitment of several immune cells is triggered. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is correlated with poor patient prognosis. Since TAMs constitute a big portion of the tumor mass, targeting these cells seems to be an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, TAM assessment using non-invasive imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), might provide a better understanding of the role of TAMs in cancer, and a means for tumor profile characterization, patient selection for individualized immunotherapy and treatment monitoring. Imaging of TAMs using PET tracers is still in its infancy. TAMs have several characteristics that could be exploited as potential targets for imaging. Various PET tracers for these TAM biomarkers have been developed, although often in the context of (neuro)inflammatory diseases rather than cancer. Since macrophages in inflammatory diseases express similar biomarkers as TAMs, these PET tracers could potentially also be applied for the assessment of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the present review provides an overview of the TAM biomarkers, for which potential PET tracers are available and discusses the status of these tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Fernandes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Kopschina Feltes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Infant Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Maria Moriguchi Jeckel
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ines F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Varasteh Z, Braeuer M, Mohanta S, Steinsiek AL, Habenicht A, Omidvari N, Topping GJ, Rischpler C, Weber WA, Sager HB, Raes G, Hernot S, Schwaiger M. In vivo Visualization of M2 Macrophages in the Myocardium After Myocardial Infarction (MI) Using 68Ga-NOTA-Anti-MMR Nb: Targeting Mannose Receptor (MR, CD206) on M2 Macrophages. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:889963. [PMID: 35548425 PMCID: PMC9081970 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.889963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objectives Wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is a dynamic and complex multiple phase process, and a coordinated cellular response is required for proper scar formation. The current paradigm suggests that pro-inflammatory monocytes infiltrate the MI zone during the initial pro-inflammatory phase and differentiate into inflammatory macrophages, and then switch their phenotypes to anti-inflammatory during the reparative phase. Visualization of the reparative phase post-MI is of great interest because it may reveal delayed resolution of inflammation, which in turn predicts adverse cardiac remodeling. Imaging of anti-inflammatory macrophages may also be used to assess therapy approaches aiming to modulate the inflammatory response in order to limit MI size. Reparative macrophages can be distinguished from inflammatory macrophages by the surface marker mannose receptor (MR, CD206). In this study we evaluated the feasibility of 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb for imaging of MR on alternatively activated macrophages in murine MI models. Methods Wildtype and MR-knockout mice and Wistar rats were subjected to MI via permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Non-operated or sham-operated animals were used as controls. MR expression kinetics on cardiac macrophages was measured in mice using flow cytometry. PET/CT scans were performed 1 h after intravenous injection of 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb. Mice and rats were euthanized and hearts harvested for ex vivo PET/MRI, autoradiography, and staining. As a non-targeting negative control, 68Ga-NOTA-BCII10 was used. Results In vivo-PET/CT scans showed focal radioactivity signals in the infarcted myocardium for 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb which were confirmed by ex vivo-PET/MRI scans. In autoradiography images, augmented uptake of the tracer was observed in infarcts, as verified by the histochemistry analysis. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the presence and co-localization of CD206- and CD68-positive cells, in accordance to infarct zone. No in vivo or ex vivo signal was observed in the animals injected with control Nb or in the sham-operated animals. 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb uptake in the infarcts of MR-knockout mice was negligibly low, confirming the specificity of 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb to MR. Conclusion This exploratory study highlights the potential of 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb to image MR-positive macrophages that are known to play a pivotal role in wound healing that follows acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zohreh Varasteh,
| | - Miriam Braeuer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Steinsiek
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical of University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Negar Omidvari
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey J. Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical of University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for in vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Yang E, Liu Q, Huang G, Liu J, Wei W. Engineering nanobodies for next-generation molecular imaging. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1622-1638. [PMID: 35331925 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanobodies have emerged as ideal imaging agents for molecular imaging. Molecular nanobody imaging combines the specificity of nanobodies with the sensitivity of state-of-the-art molecular imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Given that modifications of nanobodies alter their pharmacokinetics (PK), the engineering strategies that combine nanobodies with radionuclides determine the effectiveness, reliability, and safety of the molecular imaging probes. In this review, we introduce conjugation strategies that have been applied to nanobodies, including random conjugation, 99mTc tricarbonyl chemistry, sortase A-mediated site-specific conjugation, maleimide-cysteine chemistry, and click chemistries. We also summarize the latest advances in nanobody tracers, emphasizing their preclinical and clinical use. In addition, we elaborate on nanobody-based near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
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22
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Li X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Han S, Gan Y, Liang Q, Ma X, Rong P, Wang W, Li W. Molecular imaging of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221076194. [PMID: 35251314 PMCID: PMC8891912 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221076194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant inflammatory cell group in the tumor microenvironment, play an essential role in tumor immune regulation. The infiltration degree of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to tumor growth and metastasis, and TAMs have become a promising target in tumor immunotherapy. Molecular imaging is a new interdisciplinary subject that combines medical imaging technology with molecular biology, nuclear medicine, radiation medicine, and computer science. The latest progress in molecular imaging allows the biological processes of cells to be visualized in vivo, which makes it possible to better understand the density and distribution of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. This review mainly discusses the application of targeting TAM in tumor immunotherapy and the imaging characteristics and progress of targeting TAM molecular probes using various imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangnan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangze Han
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Li XG, Velikyan I, Viitanen R, Roivainen A. PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammatory diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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24
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Temme S, Yakoub M, Bouvain P, Yang G, Schrader J, Stegbauer J, Flögel U. Beyond Vessel Diameters: Non-invasive Monitoring of Flow Patterns and Immune Cell Recruitment in Murine Abdominal Aortic Disorders by Multiparametric MRI. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750251. [PMID: 34760945 PMCID: PMC8572976 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and aortic dissections (AADs) is still unclear. However, there is strong evidence that monocytes and macrophages are of crucial importance in these processes. Here, we utilized a molecular imaging approach based on background-free 19F MRI and employed perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCs) for in situ 19F labeling of monocytes/macrophages to monitor vascular inflammation and AAA/AAD formation in angiotensin II (angII)-treated apolipoproteinE-deficient (apoE-/-) mice. In parallel, we used conventional 1H MRI for the characterization of aortic flow patterns and morphology. AngII (1 μg/kg/min) was infused into apoE-/- mice via osmotic minipumps for 10 days and mice were monitored by multiparametric 1H/19F MRI. PFCs were intravenously injected directly after pump implantation followed by additional applications on day 2 and 4 to allow an efficient 19F loading of circulating monocytes. The combination of angiographic, hemodynamic, and anatomical measurements allowed an unequivocal classification of mice in groups with developing AAAs, AADs or without any obvious aortic vessel alterations despite the exposure to angII. Maximal luminal and external diameters of the aorta were enlarged in AAAs, whereas AADs showed either a slight decrease of the luminal diameter or no alteration. 1H/19F MRI after intravenous PFC application demonstrated significantly higher 19F signals in aortae of mice that developed AAAs or AADs as compared to mice in which no aortic disorders were detected. High resolution 1H/19F MRI of excised aortae revealed a patchy pattern of the 19F signals predominantly in the adventitia of the aorta. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of macrophages in this area and flow cytometry revealed higher numbers of immune cells in aortae of mice that have developed AAA/AAD. Importantly, there was a linear correlation of the 19F signal with the total number of infiltrated macrophages. In conclusion, our approach enables a precise differentiation between AAA and AAD as well as visualization and quantitative assessment of inflammatory active vascular lesions, and therefore may help to unravel the complex interplay between macrophage accumulation, vascular inflammation, and the development and progression of AAAs and AADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Temme
- Department of Experimental Anesthesia, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mina Yakoub
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pascal Bouvain
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Küppers J, Kürpig S, Bundschuh RA, Essler M, Lütje S. Radiolabeling Strategies of Nanobodies for Imaging Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1530. [PMID: 34573872 PMCID: PMC8471529 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are small recombinant antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies. Due to their compact structure, pharmacokinetics of nanobodies are favorable compared to full-size antibodies, allowing rapid accumulation to their targets after intravenous administration, while unbound molecules are quickly cleared from the circulation. In consequence, high signal-to-background ratios can be achieved, rendering radiolabeled nanobodies high-potential candidates for imaging applications in oncology, immunology and specific diseases, for instance in the cardiovascular system. In this review, a comprehensive overview of central aspects of nanobody functionalization and radiolabeling strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Küppers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.K.); (R.A.B.); (M.E.); (S.L.)
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26
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Baudhuin H, Van Bockstal PJ, De Beer T, Vaneycken I, Bridoux J, Raes G, Caveliers V, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Xavier C. Lyophilization of NOTA-sdAbs: First step towards a cold diagnostic kit for 68Ga-labeling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:194-204. [PMID: 34186190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilization is commonly used in the production of pharmaceutical compounds to increase the stability of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) by removing solvents. This study investigates the possibility to lyophilize an anti-HER2 and an anti-MMR single-domain antibody fragment (sdAb)-based precursor as a first step in the development of a diagnostic kit for PET imaging. METHODS NOTA-sdAb precursors have been lyophilized with the following formulation: 100 µg NOTA-sdAb in 0.1 M NaOAc (NaOAc), 5% (w/v%) mannitol-sucrose mix at a 2:1 ratio and 0.1 mg/mL polysorbate 80. During development of the formulation and drying cycle, factors such as cake appearance, glass transition temperature and residual moisture were analyzed to ensure qualitative and stable lyophilized samples. Stability studies of lyophilized precursor were conducted up to 18 months after storage at 2-8 °C by evaluating the precursor integrity, aggregation, functionality and 68Ga-labeling efficiency. A comparative biodistribution study (lyophilized vs non-lyophilized precursor) was conducted in wild type mice (n = 3) and in tumor bearing mice (n = 6). RESULTS The lyophilized NOTA-anti-HER2 precursor shows consistent stability data in vitro for up to 12 months at 2-8 °C in three separate batches, with results indicating stability even for up to T18m. No aggregation, degradation or activity loss was observed. Radiochemical purity after 68Ga-labeling is consistent over a period of 12 months (RCP ≥ 95% at T12m). In vivo biodistribution analyses show a typical [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-anti-HER2 sdAb distribution profile and a comparable tumor uptake for the lyophilized compound vs non-lyophilized (5.5% vs 5.7 %IA/g, respectively). In vitro results of lyophilized NOTA-anti-MMR precursor indicates stability for up to 18 months, while in vivo data show a comparable tumor uptake (2.5% vs 2.8 %IA/g, respectively) and no significant difference in kidney retention (49.4% vs 47.5 %IA/g, respectively). CONCLUSION A formulation and specific freeze-drying cycle were successfully developed to lyophilize NOTA-sdAb precursors for long-term storage at 2-8 °C. In vivo data show no negative impact of the lyophilization process on the in vivo behavior or functionality of the lyophilized precursor. These results highlight the potential to develop a kit for the preparation of 68Ga-sdAb-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Baudhuin
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ilse Vaneycken
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jessica Bridoux
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Cheng M, Liu Q, Liu W, Yuan F, Feng J, Jin Y, Tu L. Engineering micelles for the treatment and diagnosis of atherosclerosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Van Tilbeurgh M, Lemdani K, Beignon AS, Chapon C, Tchitchek N, Cheraitia L, Marcos Lopez E, Pascal Q, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P, Manet C. Predictive Markers of Immunogenicity and Efficacy for Human Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:579. [PMID: 34205932 PMCID: PMC8226531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the major advances of modern medicine. Despite the many successes of vaccination, continuous efforts to design new vaccines are needed to fight "old" pandemics, such as tuberculosis and malaria, as well as emerging pathogens, such as Zika virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination aims at reaching sterilizing immunity, however assessing vaccine efficacy is still challenging and underscores the need for a better understanding of immune protective responses. Identifying reliable predictive markers of immunogenicity can help to select and develop promising vaccine candidates during early preclinical studies and can lead to improved, personalized, vaccination strategies. A systems biology approach is increasingly being adopted to address these major challenges using multiple high-dimensional technologies combined with in silico models. Although the goal is to develop predictive models of vaccine efficacy in humans, applying this approach to animal models empowers basic and translational vaccine research. In this review, we provide an overview of vaccine immune signatures in preclinical models, as well as in target human populations. We also discuss high-throughput technologies used to probe vaccine-induced responses, along with data analysis and computational methodologies applied to the predictive modeling of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Van Tilbeurgh
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Beignon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Unité de Recherche i3, Inserm UMR-S 959, Bâtiment CERVI, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Lina Cheraitia
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Ernesto Marcos Lopez
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Caroline Manet
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Department, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob (IBJF), University Paris-Sud—INSERM U1184, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; (M.V.T.); (K.L.); (A.-S.B.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (E.M.L.); (Q.P.); (R.L.G.); (P.M.)
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Zeeshan M, Ali H, Ain QU, Mukhtar M, Gul R, Sarwar A, Khan S. A holistic QBD approach to design galactose conjugated PLGA polymer and nanoparticles to catch macrophages during intestinal inflammation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112183. [PMID: 34082983 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recruited macrophages in inflammation attract various ligand-receptor drug delivery approaches. Galactose bound nanocarriers are promising to catch macrophages because of surface-expressed macrophage galactose type-lectin-C (MGL-2) receptor. The present study reported fabrication of galactose conjugated PLGA (GAL-PLGA) polymer and nanoparticles under quality by design (QBD) approach to investigate macrophages targeting potential at inflamed intestine. GAL-PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated through O/W emulsion-evaporation method under QBD approach and Box-Behnken design. Obtained GAL-PLGA nanoparticles have optimum particle size (~118 nm), drug entrapment (87%) and zeta potential (-9.5). TGA, XPRD and FTIR confirmed stability and negate drug-polymer interactions. Further, nanoparticles have considerable hemocompatibility, biocompatibility and cellular uptake; macrophage uptake was inhibited by D-galactose confirming involvement of MGL-2. Moreover, drug retention studies in the DSS-colitis model provide background for potential of nanoparticles to target and reside inflamed intestine. It is concluded that GAL-PLGA nanoparticles are suitable platform to target macrophages at the inflamed intestine through oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahira Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mahwash Mukhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Rabia Gul
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Sarwar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Imaging Inflammation with Positron Emission Tomography. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020212. [PMID: 33669804 PMCID: PMC7922638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of inflammation on the outcome of many medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases has been widely acknowledged. However, in contrast to neurological, oncologic, and cardiovascular disorders, imaging plays a minor role in research and management of inflammation. Imaging can provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate and understand current approaches and potential applications for imaging of inflammation. This review discusses radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) that have been used to image inflammation in cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions with a special emphasis on radiotracers that have already been successfully applied in clinical settings.
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Bao G, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhu X. Nanobody: a promising toolkit for molecular imaging and disease therapy. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 33464410 PMCID: PMC7815856 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with many unique properties such as small size, excellent solubility, superior stability, quick clearance from blood, and deep tissue penetration. As a result, nanobodies have become a promising tool for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. As imaging tracers, nanobodies allow an early acquisition of high-quality images, provide a comprehensive evaluation of the disease, and subsequently enable a personalized precision therapy. As therapeutic agents, nanobodies enable a targeted therapy by lesion-specific delivery of drugs and effector domains, thereby improving the specificity and efficacy of the therapy. Up to date, a wide variety of nanobodies have been developed for a broad range of molecular targets and have played a significant role in patients with a broad spectrum of diseases. In this review, we aim to outline the current state-of-the-art research on the nanobodies for medical applications and then discuss the challenges and strategies for their further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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32
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Sangha GS, Goergen CJ, Prior SJ, Ranadive SM, Clyne AM. Preclinical techniques to investigate exercise training in vascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1566-H1600. [PMID: 33385323 PMCID: PMC8260379 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a dynamic process starting with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and eventually leading to life-threatening arterial plaques. Exercise generally improves endothelial function in a dose-dependent manner by altering hemodynamics, specifically by increased arterial pressure, pulsatility, and shear stress. However, athletes who regularly participate in high-intensity training can develop arterial plaques, suggesting alternative mechanisms through which excessive exercise promotes vascular disease. Understanding the mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis in sedentary versus exercise states may lead to novel rehabilitative methods aimed at improving exercise compliance and physical activity. Preclinical tools, including in vitro cell assays, in vivo animal models, and in silico computational methods, broaden our capabilities to study the mechanisms through which exercise impacts atherogenesis, from molecular maladaptation to vascular remodeling. Here, we describe how preclinical research tools have and can be used to study exercise effects on atherosclerosis. We then propose how advanced bioengineering techniques can be used to address gaps in our current understanding of vascular pathophysiology, including integrating in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies across multiple tissue systems and size scales. Improving our understanding of the antiatherogenic exercise effects will enable engaging, targeted, and individualized exercise recommendations to promote cardiovascular health rather than treating cardiovascular disease that results from a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet S Sangha
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Congestive Heart Failure. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Varasteh Z, De Rose F, Mohanta S, Li Y, Zhang X, Miritsch B, Scafetta G, Yin C, Sager HB, Glasl S, Gorpas D, Habenicht AJ, Ntziachristos V, Weber WA, Bartolazzi A, Schwaiger M, D'Alessandria C. Imaging atherosclerotic plaques by targeting Galectin-3 and activated macrophages using ( 89Zr)-DFO- Galectin3-F(ab') 2 mAb. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1864-1876. [PMID: 33408786 PMCID: PMC7778602 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The high expression of Galectin-3 (Gal3) in macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques suggests its participation in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, and raises the possibility to use it as a target to image disease severity in vivo. Here, we explored the feasibility of tracking atherosclerosis by targeting Gal3 expression in plaques of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice via PET imaging. Methods: Targeting of Gal3 in M0-, M1- and M2 (M2a/M2c)-polarized macrophages was assessed in vitro using a Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb labeled with AlexaFluor®488 and 89Zr- desferrioxamine-thioureyl-phenyl-isothiocyanate (DFO). To visualize plaques in vivo, ApoE-KO mice were injected i.v. with 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb and imaged via PET/CT 48 h post injection. Whole length aortas harvested from euthanized mice were processed for Sudan-IV staining, autoradiography, and immunostaining for Gal3, CD68 and α-SMA expression. To confirm accumulation of the tracer in plaques, ApoE-KO mice were injected i.v. with Cy5.5-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb, euthanized 48 h post injection, followed by cryosections of the body and acquisition of fluorescent images. To explore the clinical potential of this imaging modality, immunostaining for Gal3, CD68 and α-SMA expression were carried out in human plaques. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analyses were performed to measure LGALS3 (i.e. a synonym for Gal3) gene expression in each macrophage of several subtypes present in murine or human plaques. Results: Preferential binding to M2 macrophages was observed with both AlexaFluor®488-Gal3-F(ab')2 and 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAbs. Focal and specific 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb uptake was detected in plaques of ApoE-KO mice by PET/CT. Autoradiography and immunohistochemical analyses of aortas confirmed the expression of Gal3 within plaques mainly in macrophages. Moreover, a specific fluorescent signal was visualized within the lesions of vascular structures burdened by plaques in mice. Gal3 expression in human plaques showed similar Gal3 expression patterns when compared to their murine counterparts. Conclusions: Our data reveal that 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb PET/CT is a potentially novel tool to image atherosclerotic plaques at different stages of development, allowing knowledge-based tailored individual intervention in clinically significant disease.
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Vazquez-Prada KX, Lam J, Kamato D, Xu ZP, Little PJ, Ta HT. Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cardiovascular Diseases by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:601-613. [PMID: 33356385 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major contributors to global disease burden. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process that involves the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the large arteries, forming an atherosclerotic plaque. Rupture of unstable plaques leads to thrombosis that triggers life-threatening complications such as myocardial infarction. Current diagnostic methods are invasive as they require insertion of a catheter into the coronary artery. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, have been developed to image atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis due to its high spatial resolution and safety. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging can be improved with contrast agents, such as iron oxide nanoparticles. This review presents the most recent advances in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction molecular imaging using iron oxide-based nanoparticles. While some studies have shown their effectiveness, many are yet to undertake comprehensive testing of biocompatibility. There are still potential hazards to address and complications to diagnosis, therefore strategies for overcoming these challenges are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla X Vazquez-Prada
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacinta Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (K.X.V.-P., J.L., D.K., P.J.L.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, China (P.J.L.)
| | - Hang T Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., Z.P.X., H.T.T.), the University of Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology (K.X.V.-P., H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Environment and Science (H.T.T.), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Nanobodies as Versatile Tool for Multiscale Imaging Modalities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121695. [PMID: 33353213 PMCID: PMC7767244 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is constantly growing in different areas of preclinical biomedical research. Several imaging methods have been developed and are continuously updated for both in vivo and in vitro applications, in order to increase the information about the structure, localization and function of molecules involved in physiology and disease. Along with these progresses, there is a continuous need for improving labeling strategies. In the last decades, the single domain antigen-binding fragments nanobodies (Nbs) emerged as important molecular imaging probes. Indeed, their small size (~15 kDa), high stability, affinity and modularity represent desirable features for imaging applications, providing higher tissue penetration, rapid targeting, increased spatial resolution and fast clearance. Accordingly, several Nb-based probes have been generated and applied to a variety of imaging modalities, ranging from in vivo and in vitro preclinical imaging to super-resolution microscopy. In this review, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding the use of Nbs in several imaging modalities, underlining their extreme versatility and their enormous potential in targeting molecules and cells of interest in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Zhou Z, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Labeling a TCO-functionalized single domain antibody fragment with 18F via inverse electron demand Diels Alder cycloaddition using a fluoronicotinyl moiety-bearing tetrazine derivative. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115634. [PMID: 32773089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) exhibit a rapid tumor uptake and fast blood clearance amenable for labeling with 18F (t½ = 110 min) but suffer from high kidney accumulation. Previously, we developed a method for 18F-labeling of sdAbs via trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-tetrazine (Tz) inverse electron demand Diel's Alder cycloaddition reaction (IEDDAR) that incorporated a renal brush border enzyme (RBBE)-cleavable linker. Although >15 fold reduction in kidney activity levels was achieved, tumor uptake was compromised. Here we investigate whether replacing the [18F]AlF-NOTA moiety with [18F]fluoronicotinyl would rectify this problem. Anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 was first derivatized with a TCO-containing agent that included the RBBE-cleavable linker GlyLys (GK) and a PEG chain, and then subjected to IEDDAR with 6-[18F]fluoronicotinyl-PEG4-methyltetrazine to provide [18F]FN-PEG4-Tz-TCO-GK-PEG4-5F7 ([18F]FN-GK-5F7). For comparisons, a control lacking GK linker and 5F7 labeled using residualizing N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[125I]iodobenzoate (iso-[125I]SGMIB) also were synthesized. Radiochemical purity, affinity (KD) and immunoreactive fraction of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 were 99%, 5.4 ± 0.7 nM and 72.5 ± 4.3%, respectively. Tumor uptake of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts (3.7 ± 1.2% ID/g and 3.4 ± 1.0% ID/g at 1 h and 3 h, respectively) was 2- to 3-fold lower than for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 (6.9 ± 1.9 %ID/g and 8.7 ± 3.0 %ID/g). However, due to its 6-fold lower kidney activity levels, tumor-to-kidney ratios for [18F]FN-GK-5F7 were 3-4 times higher than those for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 as well as those observed for the 18F conjugate lacking the RBBE-cleavable linker. Micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 in mice with SKOV-3 subcutaneous xenografts clearly delineated tumor as early as 1 h with minimal activity in the kidneys; however, there was considerable activity in gallbladder and intestines. Although the tumor uptake of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 was unexpectedly disappointing, incorporating an alternative RBBE-cleavable linker into this labeling strategy may ameliorate this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Mukhtar M, Ali H, Ahmed N, Munir R, Talib S, Khan AS, Ambrus R. Drug delivery to macrophages: a review of nano-therapeutics targeted approach for inflammatory disorders and cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1239-1257. [PMID: 32543950 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1783237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages are involved in the normal defense of the body; however, the varying phenotypes of macrophages and imbalance in their ratio lead to the impairment of immune response initiating the production of inflammation. As the role of macrophages in immunological disorders and their surface receptors modulation has already been manifested; hence, macrophages can be exploited to make them a viable candidate for targeted delivery, which was not possible with previously designed conventional therapies for the immune disorders. AREAS COVERED Nanotechnology is a promising, clear cut, efficient, and adequate approach for targeting macrophages. Literature addresses the receptors available for targeting and the novel small dimensional therapeutic delivery vehicles to target them along with a brief overview of the role of macrophages in these diseases. Furthermore, the patents based on this idea are also listed. EXPERT OPINION Targeted drug delivery to macrophages should take into consideration the plasticity of macrophages and their modulation over time in the diseases. A cost-effective scale-up method of development will further facilitate the clinical trials. Besides, the implementation of safety guidelines to target macrophages and the studies of long-term effects of targeted approaches in humans would highly encourage the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwash Mukhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Munir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Talib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam S Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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Li X, Rosenkrans ZT, Wang J, Cai W. PET imaging of macrophages in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1491-1514. [PMID: 32509158 PMCID: PMC7270023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the leading cause of death in United States. While tremendous progress has been made for treating CVDs over the year, the high prevalence and substantial medical costs requires the necessity for novel methods for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of CVDs. Macrophages are a promising target due to its crucial role in the progress of CVDs (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and inflammatory cardiomyopathies). Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique with high sensitivity and provides quantitive functional information of the macrophages in CVDs. Although 18F-FDG can be taken up by active macrophages, the PET imaging tracer is non-specific and susceptible to blood glucose levels. Thus, developing more specific PET tracers will help us understand the role of macrophages in CVDs. Moreover, macrophage-targeted PET imaging will further improve the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and outcome prediction for patients with CVDs. In this review, we summarize various targets-based tracers for the PET imaging of macrophages in CVDs and highlight research gaps to advise future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
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40
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Abstract
This review discusses nuclear imaging of inflammation using molecular probes beyond fluoro-d-glucose, is structured by cellular targets, and focuses on those tracers that have been successfully applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kircher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, Würzburg 86156, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, Würzburg 86156, Germany.
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Pérez-Medina C, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Atherosclerosis Immunoimaging by Positron Emission Tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:865-873. [PMID: 32078338 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system's role in atherosclerosis has long been an important research topic and is increasingly investigated for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Therefore, noninvasive imaging of hematopoietic organs and immune cells will undoubtedly improve atherosclerosis phenotyping and serve as a monitoring method for immunotherapeutic treatments. Among the available imaging techniques, positron emission tomography's unique features make it an ideal tool to quantitatively image the immune response in the context of atherosclerosis and afford reliable readouts to guide medical interventions in cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the state of the art in the field of atherosclerosis positron emission tomography immunoimaging and provide an outlook on current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pérez-Medina
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.P.-M.).,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (C.P.-M., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (C.P.-M., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (C.P.-M., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.).,Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
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Kiaie N, Gorabi AM, Penson PE, Watts G, Johnston TP, Banach M, Sahebkar A. A new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis: the era of the liposome. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:58-72. [PMID: 31525463 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) include myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and angina pectoris, which are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite current therapeutic strategies to reduce risk, patients still experience the consequences of ASCVD. Consequently, a current goal is to enhance visualization of early atherosclerotic lesions to improve residual ASCVD risk. The uses of liposomes, in the context of ASCVD, can include as contrast agents for imaging techniques, as well as for the delivery of antiatherosclerotic drugs, genes, and cells to established sites of plaque. Additionally, liposomes have a role as vaccine adjuvants against mediators of atherosclerosis. Here. we review the scientific and clinical evidence relating to the use of liposomes in the diagnosis and management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerald Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MI, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Huang C, Li D, Ren J, Ji F, Jia L. Generation and Application of Fluorescent Anti-Human β2-Microglobulin VHHs via Amino Modification. Molecules 2019; 24:E2600. [PMID: 31319525 PMCID: PMC6680903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of VHHs enables their application in almost every aspect of biomedical inquiry. Amino modification remains a common strategy for protein functionalization, though is considered to be inferior to site-specific methods and cause protein property changes. In this paper, four anti-β2M VHHs were selected and modified on the amino group by NHS-Fluo. The impacts of amino modification on these VHHs were drastically different, and among all th examples, the modified NB-1 maintained the original stability, bioactivity and homogeneity of unmodified NB-1. Specific recognition of VHHs targeting β2M detected by fluorescence imaging explored the possible applications of VHHs. Via this study, we successfully functionalized the anti-β2M VHHs through amino modification and the results are able to instruct the simple and fast functionalization of VHHs in biomedical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundong Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Da Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangling Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
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Jaworowski A, Hearps AC, Angelovich TA, Hoy JF. How Monocytes Contribute to Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Virologically-Suppressed HIV-Positive Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31275317 PMCID: PMC6593090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing HIV viremia to achieve persistently undetectable levels in peripheral blood in the majority of individuals with access and ability to maintain adherence to treatment. However, evidence suggests that ART is less effective at eliminating HIV-associated inflammation and innate immune activation. To the extent that residual inflammation and immune activation persist, virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) may have increased risk of inflammatory co-morbidities, and adjunctive therapies may need to be considered to reduce HIV-related inflammation and fully restore the health of virologically suppressed HIV+ individuals. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of death in the developed world and is becoming more important in PLWH with access to ART. Arterial disease due to atherosclerosis, leading to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, is a major component of CVD. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and epidemiological comparisons of atherosclerosis and AMI show a higher prevalence and suggest a greater risk in PLWH compared to the general population. The reasons for greater prevalence of CVD in PLWH can be broadly grouped into four categories: (a) the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors e.g., smoking and hypertension (b) dyslipidemia (also a traditional risk factor) caused by off-target effects of ART drugs (c) HIV-related inflammation and immune activation and (d) other undefined HIV-related factors. Management strategies aimed at reducing the impact of traditional risk factors in PLWH are similar to those for the general population and their effectiveness is currently being evaluated. Together with improvements in ART regimens and guidelines for treatment, and a greater awareness of its impact on CVD, the HIV-related risk of AMI and stroke is decreasing but remains elevated compared to the general community. Monocytes are key effector cells which initiate the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by migrating into the intima of coronary arteries and accumulating as foam cells full of lipid droplets. This review considers the specific role of monocytes as effector cells in atherosclerosis which progresses to AMI and stroke, and explores mechanisms by which HIV may promote an atherogenic phenotype and function independent of traditional risk factors. Altered monocyte function may represent a distinct HIV-related factor which increases risk of CVD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna C Hearps
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A Angelovich
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer F Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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